JP2013529109A - 低い外形の電極組立体 - Google Patents
低い外形の電極組立体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013529109A JP2013529109A JP2013510309A JP2013510309A JP2013529109A JP 2013529109 A JP2013529109 A JP 2013529109A JP 2013510309 A JP2013510309 A JP 2013510309A JP 2013510309 A JP2013510309 A JP 2013510309A JP 2013529109 A JP2013529109 A JP 2013529109A
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Abstract
【選択図】図1C
Description
[0001]本出願は、2009年11月11日に出願した米国出願第12/616,758号の一部継続出願であり、この出願は、2008年11月11日に出願した米国仮出願第61/113,228号、2009年3月13日に出願した米国仮出願第61/160,204号、2009年5月19日に出願した米国仮出願第61/179,654号、2009年8月10日に出願した米国仮出願第61/232,756号、および2009年10月21日に出願した米国仮出願第61/253,683号の優先権を主張するものであり、それらの全ては、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
参照による組込み
[0003]本明細書の中で述べられる全ての刊行物および特許出願は、それぞれの個々の刊行物または特許出願が、参照により組み込まれることが具体的かつ個々に示されているように同じ範囲まで参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
[0009]いくつかの実施形態では、膜が拡張した構成にあるとき、少なくとも4つの電極が、カテーテルの遠位先端より遠位にある。
[0012]いくつかの実施形態では、複数の貫通穴が、膜を横断する。
[0015]本発明の第1の態様は、近位端、遠位端、および中間部分を備える単位フレキシブル回路であって、近位端が電源に結合され、中間部分が、その長さに沿って互いから分離した複数の可撓性分岐部で構成され、少なくとも1つの分岐部が、その一部に沿って絶縁層を有し、少なくとも1つの分岐部が、高周波エネルギーを送達するようになされた電極に電気的に接続され、可撓性分岐部が、被験者内のある位置に最小侵襲で送達されるようになされた医療機器の一部に適合し、複数の分岐部が、中間部分より遠位で互いに結合される単位フレキシブル回路である。
[0019]いくつかの実施形態では、少なくとも3つの分岐部が、近位端におけるコネクタで終端をなす。ある実施形態では、医療機器の一部が、複数の分岐部の選択的向きによって折り畳まれるようになされている。
[0022]いくつかの実施形態では、カメラおよびLEDが、半組立体であり、組立体が、2つの追加の小組立体を含み、それぞれが、カメラおよびLEDを含む。各カメラは、カテーテルの長手方向軸周りに隣接したカメラから120度離れて配設することができる。各LEDが、カテーテルの長手方向軸周りに隣接したLEDから約120度離れて配設されてもよい。
フレキシブルエレクトロニクス
[00107]本明細書に記載された電極装置は、比較的堅くて嵩張る電極組立体とは対照的に、最小限の侵襲の送達のためにとても低い外形に折畳み可能であるフレキシブルエレクトロニクスを組み込む。標的組織に到達すると、本明細書に記載された電極装置は、広げられて標的組織に容易に適合できるとても大きい表面積の電極組立体を現すことができる。
フレックス回路
[00108]上述のように、本明細書に記載された装置の電極組立体105は、1つまたは複数の分岐しているフレックス回路89を備えることができる。以下より詳細に述べられるように、フレックス回路89は、ベース基板52、導電層96、および誘電体層100を備えることができる。さらに図1Dに関しては、フレックス回路89は、複数の導電性遠位分岐部87に分割できる1つまたは複数の主近位分岐部17(図示せず)を備えることができる。各遠位分岐部は、複数の導電トレース16を含むことができ、それぞれは、1つまたは複数の導電性パッド59を有する。導電性パッド59は、上に重なる絶縁誘電体層100の一部を除去すると導電層96の露出によって形成される電気伝導領域を有する。導電性層96の露出された部分は、導電性フィルム電極6に接触することができる。導電性パッド59は、より大きいベース基板層52および絶縁誘電体層100(図示せず)によってより大きい表面積を有する導電トレース16の領域であり得る。導電トレース16の終端の方法は、当技術分野で知られているように創出される。より広くかつより大きい表面積のこれらの領域は、膜により良く接着するために使用することができる。
[00124]代替として、図3Eに示される回路は、回路の展開長全体である管状基板上に印刷されてもよい。そのような実施形態では、チュービングベース基板は、拡張または追加の可撓性を必要とする範囲内に長穴が付けられてもよい。インクジェットフレックス回路に使用される技法などの回路印刷技法は、これらの実施形態に使用することができる。代替として、回路は、回路の一全長上に印刷されてもよく、屈曲部の必要性をなくす。組み込まれる場合、折畳み部は、より容易に利用できる製造設備で印刷することを可能にする。
電極
[00126]1つまたは複数の電極6は、フレックス回路89の導電トレース16の特定の非絶縁部分、導電性パッド59、ならびに展開可能な膜34の一部およびフレックス回路89の絶縁部分に接触することができる。電極6は、繰り返して折り畳むことができる薄膜材料であってもよく、電極6および膜34が、最小侵襲送達のために小さい直径にコンパクトにすることができるようになっている。電極6の導電性材料は、それが接触する導電性パッド59に比べて比較的大きい表面積を有し、それによって全体的に大きい電極面積をもたらす。
展開可能な膜
[00150]電極組立体105は、フレックス回路89および電極6が結合できる展開可能な可撓性膜34も含む。膜34は、展開されると、電極6の大きい表面積を通じてエネルギーを標的組織に送達することができる。展開された膜34および電極6は、以下より詳細に述べられるように、大きいゾーンまたは範囲にわたって種々のパターン、例えば、円周状、曲線状および直線状のパターンで組織をアブレーションすることができる。膜34の大きい総表面積が電極6およびフレックス回路89によって覆われるにも関わらず、膜34は、標的アブレーションされる組織に容易に適合することができ、最小侵襲送達のために電極組立体105が、例えば小さいアクセスチャンネルを通じて送達できるように、小さい直径にコンパクトに折り畳むこともできる。
[00165]図18Nおよび図18O中の実施形態では、分岐部の一部が、可撓性の拡張可能な膜上の選択的向きによって折り畳まれる。
低外形の折畳みおよび送達の構造
[00177]本明細書に記載された電極組立体および装置は、少ない嵩張りおよび低外形折畳みのために最適化される設計および構造を組み込む。本明細書に記載された電極組立体および装置は、例えば、組織へのエネルギー伝達の最小侵襲送達に使用することができる。装置を通じてのフレックス回路主リードの取り回しなどの電極装置の構成は、装置の少ない嵩張りおよび低外形に貢献することにもなり得る。
これは、正確な量の接着剤をフレックス回路の正確な位置に塗布できるロボットシステムを使用することにより達成することができる。フレックス回路89の主リード17は、シャフト57の遠位端もしくはその近く、または可撓性膜34の近位端もしくはその近くから出て、遠位方向へ延びることができる(図23C〜図23H参照)。電極6は、膜34の遠位端またはその近くに配置することができる。図23G〜図23Hに示されるように、電極6は、フレックス回路の分岐部ごとに2つの最遠位電極として配置することができる。フレックス回路89および電極6は、電源構成およびレイアウトを変更してもよいことを理解されたい。例えば、各フレックス回路89の端部は、2つのより小さい電極6ではなく1つの大きい電極6で終端してもよい。
カテーテル
[00182]上記のように、本明細書に記載された電極組立体は、経皮的送達のために構成されるカテーテル上へ取り付けることができる。概して、カテーテルの動きの制御は、細長い管状構造のためにやや困難であり得る。この動きに対して十分な制御を行うために、本明細書に記載されたカテーテルは、いくらか剛直であるが、カテーテルが身体を通過して正確な位置へ到達するのを妨げるほど剛直ではないものとすることができる。さらに、カテーテルは、治療されているまたはカテーテルが通過する身体の部分に、カテーテルが損傷をもたらし得るほど剛直であるべきではない。本明細書に記載されたカテーテルは、経皮的カテーテルの技術分野で知られている種々の材料から製造することができ、その材料には、例えば、押出ポリエーテルブロックアミド(PEBAX)、または他の高分子材料、例えば、ポリウレタン、ポリカーボネート、ナイロン、FEP、PTFE、LDPEおよびHDPEが含まれる。本明細書に記載されたカテーテルは、ねじれ剛性を向上させるために、ステンレス鋼の編組やコイル状の層などによって当技術分野で知られているように補強することができる。金属系とポリマー系の両方の他の補強材料および補強構造が、使用されてもよい。カテーテルは、適切な向きへの配置を容易にするために、湾曲した先端などの所望の形状に形成することもできる。カテーテルを成形する1つの典型的な方法は、カテーテルの組立て前または組立て後に行うことができる押出成形されたカテーテルの熱再成形によるものである。カテーテルは、解剖学的構造の中への導入中および追跡中に、組織に外傷をもたらすことなく、既知のアクセス点を通って標的組織に到達するように十分な長さおよび適当な直径からなる必要がある。
組織へのエネルギー伝達の評価および制御
[00188]組織へ付与される過剰なエネルギーは、焦げ付きや凝固などのような二次的損傷を引き起こすことがあり得る。逆に、電極が標的組織に対して良好な並置を欠くと、特に、複雑な三次元幾何形状を有する解剖学的部位において、エネルギーの伝達が準最適になり得る。したがって、エネルギー伝達の進行の評価、および送達されるエネルギーの調整および制御が、特に装置を取り除く必要なく使用できることは、有益なことである。本明細書に記載された装置は、エネルギー伝達をリアルタイムで評価および制御するための他の特徴を含むことができる。例えば、本明細書に記載された装置は、以下により詳細に説明されるように、温度センサ、マッピング電極、灌注機構、視覚化システム、放射線不透過性マーカー、光ファイバ、圧力センサ、熱放散パターン認識ソフトウェア、インピーダンス測定ソフトウェア、固定機構、および他の制御機構を含み得る。温度測定に関しては、電極組立体105またはカテーテルの遠位端シャフトは、標的組織内のセンサから遠隔で温度を監視できるマイクロ波放射計を組み込むことができる。これは、温度を監視中である組織との接触を必要とするサーミスタまたは熱電対などのより従来の温度センサとは対照的である。そのようなセンサは、標的組織体積が組織の塊内にあり、アブレーション要素が接触する表面上でないときに特に役立つ。そのような技術は、米国特許出願公開第2009/0312754号に記載されており、これは、全体が参照により組み込まれる。
感知電極
[00195]本明細書に記載された装置は、アブレーション、感知、測定、刺激、および/またはマッピングを含むがそれらに限定されない種々の機能のために使用できる1つまたは複数の電極を備えることができる。例えば、心房細動の治療のためのアブレーション中および/またはアブレーション後に、内因性心臓活動を感知し、伝導ブロックを測定するために、マッピング電極が使用されてもよい。心房細動が治療中である一実施形態では、処置中に、別個の装置を導入する必要なくEKGを測定するために、マッピング電極が組み込まれてもよい。上記と同一もしくは類似する技法および材料を用いて、種々の電極が堆積されてもよい。
エネルギー伝達の制御
[00209]本明細書に記載された電極組立体は、電極組立体が、標的組織、特に複雑な三次元幾何形状を有する組織との良好な接触をもたらすように適合している。電極組立体と標的組織の接触を改善する機構が、本明細書に記載された装置に組み込まれてもよい。一実施形態では、バルーンなどの支持構造が、電極組立体を標的組織に押し付けるために使用することができる(図35参照)。本実施形態では、電極6を外面に含む遠位の比較的小さい拡張可能な電極構造34が、標的組織に対して配置される。より大きい近位の支持構造39が、より小さい電極構造34を組織に対して押すことによって電極構造34を配置するのを助けることができる。配置するのを助けるためにやはり使用できるガイドワイヤまたはガイドロッド85が示されている。
図38Hは、視覚化システムを組み込む電極組立体105の正面図、および光学組立体に組み込まれたそのような4つの光学小組立体のうちの1つについての視野を示す。各光学小組立体は、光学構造142を組み込み、光学構造142は、照射ファイバ141、Sumitomo Image Guide IGN−02/03などの200ミクロンのファイバ束140、および光学構造142に接続する。ファイバの視覚化のためにフレックス回路89(図示せず)および内側シャフト57を有する電極組立体105の4分の1の部分が図38Iに示されている。図示の実施形態における照射ファイバ141および像ガイド140は、膨張内腔36(図6C参照)内でハンドル1006(図示せず)へおよび視覚化システム制御部1004(図示せず)上へ進む。これらの小組立体は、単独でトロイダルの拡張可能な膜34に組み込まれ、視覚化システムの組立時内側シャフト57の周囲の所定位置にロックされる。図示されていない他の構成は、ファイバ束および照射ファイバを側シャフト134中の追加の内腔(図示せず)に通す。
電極組立体固定具
[00242]本明細書で説明する装置は、装置を取り除いたり装置の向きを変えたりする必要なく、電極組立体の操作および再配置にさらに役立つ様々な構造的要素を組み込むことができる。例えば、電極装置は、標的組織またはその近くの適所に固定される固定具カテーテルまたはガイド要素の上を独立して並進可能であり得る。固定具は、安定した基準点を提供し、効率的で素早い制御された再配置装置として働くことができ、電極組立体は、摺動可能または回転可能に移動して、例えば、形成されたばかりのアブレーションパターン領域に接触することができる。これにより、使用者は、例えば、完全な貫壁性アブレーションがもたらされなかった範囲において追加のエネルギー伝達を行うことができる。または、使用者は、例えば、より厚い組織の範囲、またはより多くのエネルギー量もしくは数回のエネルギー伝達を必要とする組織の範囲において、治療の有効性をマッピングおよび検証することができる。
製造方法および材料
[00261]本明細書に記載された装置の製造では、様々な技法を用いることができる。一実施形態では、フレックス回路89は、電極組立体105の全体的な低外形に対して最適化するように構成することができる。フレックス回路89は、フレックス回路89の導電トレース16のうちの1つを介して電力が供給され得る温度センサ90を有することができる。これにより、膜64上の追加の組立体接合が不要になる。温度センサ90は、マッピング電極51と共に、導電トレース16を共有することができる。導電トレース16を共有することにより、狭いフレックス回路89、および全体的に低外形の電極組立体105が可能になる。単一のフレックス回路89は、少なくとも2つの分岐部87に分かれ、それにより部品数を減少させ、組立てを容易にすることができる電極6に電力を供給するために必要とされるフレックス回路89の全ての分岐部87に分かれるのは、ただ1つのフレックス回路89が存在し得る。フレックス回路分岐部87の遠位端は、犠牲タブ102を含むことができ、犠牲タブ102は、組立て中にフレックス回路89の分岐部の適切な位置決めを可能にする。
使用方法
[00269]前述のように、本明細書に記載された装置および方法は、心房細動に使用されることに限定されない。以下は、単なる例であり、本明細書では他の示唆が考慮されることを理解されたい。
Claims (15)
- 近位端、遠位端、および中間部分
を備える単位フレキシブル回路であって、
前記近位端が電源に結合され、
前記中間部分が、その長さに沿って互いから分離した複数の可撓性分岐部を含み、少なくとも1つの分岐部が、その一部に沿って絶縁層を有し、少なくとも1つの分岐部が、高周波エネルギーを送達するようになされた電極に電気的に接続され、前記可撓性分岐部が、被験者内のある位置に最小侵襲で送達されるようになされた医療機器の一部に適合し、
前記複数の分岐部が、前記中間部分より遠位で互いに結合される、単位フレキシブル回路。 - 前記中間部分における少なくとも1つの分岐部の長さが、約1cm〜約5cmである、請求項1に記載の単位フレキシブル回路。
- 前記可撓性分岐部が、前記医療機器の前記一部の径方向外面に適合する、請求項1に記載のフレキシブル回路。
- 前記中間部分の前記分岐部が、前記医療機器の長手方向軸を囲む構成で向けられるように、前記中間部分の前記分岐部が、前記医療機器の前記一部に適合する、請求項1に記載の単位フレキシブル回路。
- 前記分岐部が、前記長手方向軸周りにほぼ360度延在し、前記複数の分岐部のうちの少なくとも2つが、隣接した分岐部から30度超だけ隔てられる、請求項4に記載の単位フレキシブル回路。
- 前記医療機器が、前記分岐部同士の間の分離を維持するように、前記中間部分の前記複数の分岐部が、前記医療機器に固着される、請求項1に記載の単位フレキシブル回路。
- 前記医療機器の前記一部が、拡張可能な膜である、請求項1に記載の単位フレキシブル回路。
- 前記中間部分の前記分岐部の向きが、前記拡張可能な膜の膨張に依存する、請求項7に記載の単位フレキシブル回路。
- 前記拡張可能な膜が拡張した構成にあるときに、前記拡張可能な膜の一部および複数の前記分岐部の一部が、前記遠位端より遠位に位置する、請求項7に記載の単位フレキシブル回路。
- 前記分岐部の少なくとも2つが、高周波(RF)エネルギーを送達するようになされた複数の電極を含む、請求項1に記載の単位フレキシブル回路。
- 前記遠位端が、前記複数の電極から間隔をおいて配置された感知用電極を含む、請求項10に記載の単位フレキシブル回路。
- 前記近位端が、カテーテルに結合される、請求項1に記載の単位フレキシブル回路。
- 前記カテーテルが、前記近位端から前記中間部分まで延びる前記カテーテルの長さに沿って封止される、請求項12に記載の単位フレキシブル回路。
- 少なくとも3つの分岐部が、前記近位端におけるコネクタで終端する、請求項1に記載の単位フレキシブル回路。
- 前記医療機器の一部が、前記複数の分岐部の選択的向きによって折り畳まれるようになされている、請求項1に記載の単位フレキシブル回路。
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WO2011143468A3 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
AU2017202014B2 (en) | 2019-07-04 |
US9610006B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 |
CN105105844B (zh) | 2017-12-15 |
CA2797130A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
JP2018126564A (ja) | 2018-08-16 |
US20140058197A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
JP2016000219A (ja) | 2016-01-07 |
AU2017202014A1 (en) | 2017-04-27 |
CN103118620B (zh) | 2015-09-23 |
EP2568905A4 (en) | 2017-07-26 |
US8805466B2 (en) | 2014-08-12 |
WO2011143468A2 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
CN105105844A (zh) | 2015-12-02 |
EP2568905A2 (en) | 2013-03-20 |
CN103118620A (zh) | 2013-05-22 |
US20120071870A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
JP5792802B2 (ja) | 2015-10-14 |
AU2011252976A1 (en) | 2012-11-08 |
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