CN103930061B - 用于限制导管壁低温消融的有关低温球囊限制部署的装置及方法 - Google Patents

用于限制导管壁低温消融的有关低温球囊限制部署的装置及方法 Download PDF

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CN103930061B
CN103930061B CN201280031381.9A CN201280031381A CN103930061B CN 103930061 B CN103930061 B CN 103930061B CN 201280031381 A CN201280031381 A CN 201280031381A CN 103930061 B CN103930061 B CN 103930061B
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布莱恩·凯利
约翰·凯利
盖瑞·P·凯利
贝利·慕林斯
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Abstract

本发明揭示了与藉由使用各种装置及方法限制低温球囊而低温脱落脉管的内表面的一部分有关的具体实例。举例而言，导管可包括：低温球囊，其用于脉管壁的脱落；及强制组件，其安置成与该低温球囊实质上平行以使该低温球囊的一部分偏转或偏移以远离该血管壁的非目标组织，且防止该非目标组织的脱落。部分圆周、非连续或螺旋状脱落可有效地用于治疗多种肾、心肾及其他疾病，包括(但不限于)高血压、心脏衰竭、肾病、肾衰竭、显影剂肾病变、心律不齐及心肌梗塞。该强制组件可为(例如)第二可充气球囊或一或多个自膨胀叉指。

Description

用于限制导管壁低温消融的有关低温球囊限制部署的装置及 方法
对于相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求专利申请号为61/572，288，申请日为2011年4月25日的美国临时专利申请的优先权，并以全部引用形式于此合并。
技术领域
本技术大体而言是关于低温疗法，特别地，是关于用于低温冷却解剖学脉管或其他组织的内表面的目标区域的装置及方法。
背景技术
在广泛范围的以导管为基础的介入性程序中，低温疗法可为有用的治疗形式。举例而言，低温疗法冷却可用以调节神经或影响接近解剖学脉管的其他组织(例如，血管、其他人体内腔，或人体中的其他区域)。此情形可减少不当神经活动以达成治疗益处。可使用利用低温疗法的以导管为基础的神经调节，(例如)以调节神经且藉此减少疼痛、局部交感神经活动、全身性交感神经活动、相关联病理，及其他病况。此外，可使用低温疗法(例如)用于使肿瘤消融且治疗狭窄症。在一些低温疗法程序中，经由可在解剖学脉管内膨胀的球囊来递送低温疗法可为有用的。此等球囊可操作性地连接至体外支撑组件(例如，致冷剂供应件)。随着用于外科介入术的低温疗法的适用性持续扩展，需要相关联器件、系统及方法的创新。此创新有可能进一步扩展低温疗法作为用于改良患者健康的工具的作用。
附图说明
本发明公开的很多方面可以参照以下附图来更好地理解。图中的部件不必成比例。相反，重点放在清楚说明本发明公开的原理上。
图1为接近动脉的神经纤维的共同位置的部分示意性等角详细视图。
图2为部署有消融总成的动脉的部分示意性横截面图，其中消融总成包括低温球囊及可将低温球囊定位于动脉内的限制组件。
图2A为在用图2的消融总成治疗后动脉内的消融疗法图案的部分示意性说明。
图3为在远端处具有消融总成的双球囊导管的侧视图，其中双球囊导管包括单一导线内腔。
图3A为沿图3的线A-A截得的横截面图。
图3B为沿图3的线B-B截得的横截面图。
图3C为沿图3的线C-C截得的剖视图。
图3D为沿图3的线D-D截得的横截面图。
图4为根据其另一具体实例的图3的消融总成的双球囊组态的侧视图。
图5为根据其另一具体实例的图3的消融总成的双球囊组态的侧视图。
图5A为部署有图5的消融总成的动脉的部分示意性横截面图。
图6为根据其另一具体实例的沿图3的线C-C截得的剖视图，其中导管进一步包括用于使消融总成的强制组件内的暖充气流体循环的充气流体返回轴件。
图7为根据其另一具体实例的沿图3的线C-C截得的剖视图，其中导管利用低温疗法的排气以使消融总成的限制组件充气。
图8为根据其另一具体实例的在远端处具有消融总成的双球囊导管的侧视图，其中双球囊导管包括两个单独导线内腔。
图8A为沿图8的线A-A截得的横截面图。
图8B为沿图8的线B-B截得的横截面图。
图9为根据其另一具体实例的在远端处具有消融总成的导管总成的侧视图，其中导管总成包括两个球囊导管。
图9A为沿图9的线A-A截得的横截面图。
图9B为沿图9的线B-B截得的横截面图。
图10为图8或图9的远端部分的侧视图，其中两个球囊系经由黏着剂而接合。
图11为图8或图9的远端部分的侧视图，其中两个球囊定位于外部鞘内。
图12为根据本发明的另一具体实例的部署有消融总成的动脉的部分示意性横截面图，其中该消融总成包括低温球囊及将低温球囊定位于动脉内的限制组件。
图13为根据其另一具体实例的在远端处具有消融总成的导管的侧视图，其中该消融总成包括低温球囊及用于使低温球囊的至少一部分偏转远离导管壁的一对自膨胀叉指。
图13A为图13的导管的远端部分的侧视图，其中低温球囊呈膨胀或充气组态，且叉指系限制在鞘内。
图13B为图13的导管的远端部分的侧视图，其中低温球囊呈膨胀或充气组态，且叉指系自鞘而释放。
图13C为部署于导管内的图13的导管的远端部分的说明性透视图，其中低温球囊呈膨胀或充气组态，且叉指系自鞘释放。
图14为图13的叉指的侧视图，其中出于清楚的目的已省略低温球囊，且叉指呈膨胀或部署组态。
图15为图13的叉指的仰视图，其中出于清楚的目的已省略低温球囊，且叉指呈膨胀或部署组态。
图16为用于使低温球囊的至少一部分偏转远离导管壁的自膨胀叉指的替代组态的侧视图。
图17为用于使低温球囊的至少一部分偏转远离导管壁的自膨胀叉指的替代组态的侧视图。
图18为用于使低温球囊的至少一部分偏转远离导管壁的自膨胀叉指的替代组态的侧视图。
图19为用于使低温球囊的至少一部分偏转远离导管壁的自膨胀叉指的替代组态的侧视图。
具体实施方式
可参看以下图式来更好地理解本发明的许多态样。该等图式中的组件未必按比例绘制。实情为，强调清楚地说明本技术的原理。
现参看诸图来描述本技术的特定具体实例，其中相似参考数字指示相同或功能上类似组件。在以下描述中关于相对于治疗临床医师的位置或方向使用术语“远端”及“近端”。“远端”及“在远端”指代远离临床医师的位置或在远离临床医师方向上的位置。“近端”及“在近端”指代临床医师附近的位置或在朝向临床医师方向上的位置。
以下实施方式揭示技术的特定实例，但其并不意欲限制本技术或本技术的应用及使用。举例而言，尽管实施方式在血管(诸如，肾动脉)治疗的情形下揭示本技术，但本技术亦可用于其被视为有用的任何其他人体通道或组织中。此外，不意欲藉由本文所呈现的任何所表达或暗示的理论而束缚。
近年来，组织的消融已用以调节贡献于肾功能的神经纤维。可以各种方式实现消融，包括递送射频(RF)能量、其他合适的加热能量或低温疗法。预期肾神经的调节有用于治疗多种肾、心肾及其他疾病，包括心脏衰竭、肾病、肾衰竭、高血压、显影剂肾病、心律不齐及心肌梗塞。此外，预期肾神经调节减少肾交感神经活动，此情形可增加水及钠自人体的移除且将肾素分泌恢复至更正常位准。正常化的肾素分泌可造成对肾脏供血的血管采取对应于适当肾血流量的扩张及收缩的稳态位准。
在神经调节程序中，可需要执行围绕解剖学脉管的圆周持续延伸全360°的圆周消融以积极影响医疗病况。举例而言，在治疗心房颤动或其他心律不齐时，可藉由形成围绕肺静脉的正横截面完全连续的圆周病变以破坏异常电信号来达成圆周治疗。在治疗心脏衰竭时，可藉由形成围绕肾动脉的正横截面完全连续的类似连续圆周病变以减少肾交感神经活动来达成圆周治疗。然而，在一些状况下，可需要减少血管的结构改变且避免沿血管的单一径向平面或横截面的圆周消融病变。预期部分圆周、非连续或螺旋状消融有效地治疗多种肾病、心肾疾病及包括本文所列的彼等清单的其他疾病，其中相比于完全圆周、连续及非螺旋状消融，导管具有较小结构改变。
图1说明神经结构相对于人体内腔或血管结构(典型地，动脉)的常见解剖配置。神经纤维N大体上可沿动脉A的纵长或纵向尺寸L围绕沿径向尺寸r的相对小范围位置而纵向延伸(常常在该动脉的外膜内进行)。动脉A具有平滑肌细胞SMC，平滑肌细胞SMC环绕动脉圆周且大体上螺旋围绕动脉的角尺寸θ(亦在沿径向尺寸r的相对小范围位置内进行)。因此，动脉A的平滑肌细胞SMC具有大体上横向于(亦即，非平行于)血管的纵长尺寸而延伸的纵长或较长尺寸。
可藉由经由使用消融导管使组织消融来实现神经调节。如本文所利用，术语“消融(ablation)”包括产生疤痕组织或损伤，该疤痕组织或损伤阻止或破坏神经传导。在其具体实例中，冻结温度或低温疗法可用以热损害或消融动脉的目标组织以达成对目标神经纤维的神经调节。相比于经由射频能量而形成的消融损伤，低温疗法典型地利用少得多的电力来达成神经调节。如上文所描述，在一些状况下，部分圆周消融(亦即，围绕导管壁延伸小于360°的消融)、非连续消融或螺旋状消融可为理想的。为了形成部分圆周、非连续或螺旋状消融损伤，可使低温疗法集中于或限制于待治疗的组织的目标区，且可保护非目标组织免于消融(例如，藉由使用本文所描述的各种装置及方法使低温球囊的部分偏转或偏移以远离非目标组织)。
现转向图2，展示部署于动脉A内的消融总成200。消融总成200包括用于目标神经纤维的神经调节的低温球囊234，及使低温球囊234在动脉A内偏移的限制组件236。如将在下文更详细解释，在其各种具体实例中，限制组件236可为可径向膨胀组件，其膨胀成与低温球囊234的外部表面的部分及导管壁的部分中的至少一者接触，以防止低温球囊234接触导管壁的非目标组织且使该非目标组织消融。换言之，限制组件236可使低温球囊234的表面的部分偏转以远离导管壁的非目标组织或阻止低温球囊234的表面的部分接触导管壁的非目标组织，以使得低温球囊234将接触导管壁的对应于少于导管壁的全圆周的区段且藉此执行导管壁的纵向区段的部分圆周消融。如图2所示，在一具体实例中，限制组件236为推开低温球囊234的部分或阻止低温球囊234的部分与导管壁的非目标组织接触的第二球囊。动脉A的部分圆周、非连续或螺旋状消融可改变交感神经系统，且可有效地用于治疗多种肾、心肾及其他疾病，包括(但不限于)高血压、心脏衰竭、肾病、肾衰竭、显影剂肾病变、心律不齐及心肌梗塞。
图2A中展示消融总成200的消融图案或覆盖区的所得横截面。可认为低温球囊234的外部表面与导管壁之间的接触区域为标称治疗区域，其等于或稍微小于由消融总成200引起的消融图案，此系因为消融疗法可延伸稍微超出标称治疗区域之边界。举例而言，消融总成200的标称治疗区域可围绕导管壁圆周在45°与225°之间延伸，而消融总成200的所得消融图案可围绕导管壁圆周在10°与340°之间延伸。然而，出于本发明的目的，认为标称治疗区域及消融图案大致相等。标称治疗区域/消融图案取决于消融总成的接触表面弧度及低温球囊234的工作长度LW(参见(例如)图3及图4的低温球囊的工作长度LW)两者而定。更特定言之，可藉由将接触表面弧度的长度乘以低温球囊234的工作长度LW而计算出标称治疗区域/消融图案。可藉由方程式约略计算接触表面弧度的长度，其中R为半径，且为接触表面弧度。如先前所提及，在其具体实例中，限制组件236可使低温球囊234偏转或偏移而不接触非目标组织，以使得气低温球囊234的接触表面弧度限制或限于导管壁的45°与225°之间。
图3的侧视图以及图3A及图3B的横截面图说明第一具体实例，其具有低温球囊及用于使低温球囊偏转以远离非目标组织的第二球囊的消融总成。更特定言之，双球囊导管306包括在其远端处的消融总成300。消融总成300包括第一低温球囊334及第二限制球囊336，第一低温球囊334及第二限制球囊336安置成实质上平行(亦即，并排)，以使得低温球囊334与限制球囊336的外部表面或外表面的至少一部分以其膨胀组态接触。在图3中球囊334、336系以其膨胀或充气组态展示。仅出于说明性目的，球囊334、336以及本文所描述的其他双球囊组态在诸图中展示为彼此以其膨胀组态稍微分离。然而，一般熟习此项技术者应理解，当球囊334、336及本文所描述的所有双球囊组态部署于导管中且由如图2中所展示的导管壁而限制时，其外表面的至少一部分典型地按压在彼此上且彼此接触。可使用多种合适制造程序来本文所描述的制造球囊334、336及其他球囊。举例而言，可使用挤压、模制或其组合来制造球囊334、336。此外，可使球囊334、336分离地或一起形成。在一些具体实例中，当球囊334、336由不同材料(例如，具有不同柔度的材料)制成时，可同时(例如，藉由共挤压)处理该等不同材料。
在图3、图3A及图3B中所展示的具体实例中，双球囊导管306具有同轴整体交换型(over-the-wire，OTW)导管组态，其中界定导线内腔322的内部导线轴件320延伸导管的实质上整个长度，以容纳导线342。导管306包括界定内腔318的管状组件或外部轴件316。外部轴件316具有自患者向外延伸且耦接至接头(hub)308的近端340，及分别耦接至球囊334的近端颈部315及球囊336的近端颈部317的远端341。球囊334的远端颈部319及球囊336的远端颈部321分别耦接至导线轴件320。球囊334的近端颈部315及远端颈部319以及球囊336的近端颈部317及远端颈部321可以熟习球囊导管构造技术者已知的任何习知方式(诸如，藉由雷射焊接、黏着剂、热熔化或超音波熔接)而分别接合至外部导管轴件316及导线轴件320。在一具体实例中，球囊334、336形成为两个单独组件，近端颈部315、317的末端接合，且远端颈部319、321的末端接合。其他合适制造方法及组态亦有可能。
导线轴件320具有耦接至接头308的近端(图中未示)及在球囊334、336远端终止的远端338。接头308的近端导线口314与导线轴件320的导线内腔322流体连通。导线轴件320的远端338可耦接至界定导管的远端导线口的楔形远端导管尖端(图中未示)。如图3C的剖视图中所展示，在一具体实例中，导线轴件320延伸穿过低温球囊334。然而，对于一般熟习此项技术者将显而易见，可修改导管306使得导线轴件320替代地延伸穿过限制球囊336。单一导线内腔可简化导管构造及鲁尔(luer)设计，以及减小导管306的外径。另外，因为球囊334的远端颈部319及球囊336的远端颈部321两者分别耦接至导线轴件320，所以单一导线内腔导管构造可帮助在部署期间维持球囊334、336相对于彼此处于适当位置。
导管306进一步包括延伸穿过外部轴件316的低温供应管324。低温供应管324界定充气内腔326(参见图3A至图3B)，且具有耦接至接头308的近端(图中未示)及在低温球囊334内终止的远端325(见图3C)。接头308的低温充气口310与低温供应管324的充气内腔326流体连通。低温供应管324在高压(例如，800psi)下接收冷冻剂(诸如，N2O液体)且将冷冻剂递送至低温球囊334中，以使得在冷冻剂进入低温球囊334的内部且膨胀成气体时存在压降。冷冻剂可为在大气压力下具有冷于大约-10℃的沸点的任何液体，诸如(但不限于)N2O液体或CO2液体。在冷冻剂的相变期间，因为压缩气体的膨胀为吸收呈热形式的能量且因此引起环境的冷却的吸热程序，所以发生冷却效应。因此，因为低温剂膨胀成气体，所以低温球囊334膨胀或充气且低温球囊的外部表面冷却至可操作以使组织消融或热损害组织的低温温度。低温球囊334的温度可介于大约-5℃与-120℃之间，此情形可引起定位成邻近于低温球囊334的神经纤维的调节。如由一般熟习球囊导管设计技术者将理解，接头308可提供鲁尔(luer)接头或可连接至充气流体源且可在不脱离本技术的范畴的情况下具有另一构造或组态的其他类型的配件。
导管306亦包括延伸穿过外部轴件316的限制供应管328。限制供应管328界定充气内腔330，且具有耦接至接头308的近端(图中未示)及在限制球囊336内终止的远端327(参见图3C)。接头308的充气口312与限制供应管328的充气内腔330流体连通。限制供应管328接收充气介质(诸如，盐水或空气)且将充气介质递送至限制球囊336中。一旦充气，限制球囊336即防止低温球囊334的外表面的部分与导管壁的非目标组织接触。更特定言之，限制球囊336膨胀以推开低温球囊334的外表面的部分或使其偏转而不接触导管壁的非目标组织。可藉此防止非目标组织与低温球囊334的低温冷却的外部表面接触或保护非目标组织不受低温球囊334的低温冷却的外部表面影响，且因此，限制球囊336可防止导管壁的完整连续圆周消融。
除使低温球囊334偏移以外，在一具体实例中，限制球囊336亦用以缓和低温疗法的温度。举例而言，当N2O液体用作低温剂时，低温剂至气体的相变可导致低温球囊温度在-70℃至-80℃的范围中。然而，可在介于-10℃与-40℃之间的温度下实现神经调节，且在某些应用中可偏好此等较高温度以最小化对导管的不必要损害。因为低温球囊334及限制球囊336在治疗期间在动脉内部署及相对于彼此而膨胀，所以可在该两者之间发生热传递。因此，限制球囊336内的充气流体(诸如，水或盐水)可冻结。然而，所得温度的降低将不会达到将发生热损伤的程度。大体上在低于-5℃的温度下发生热损伤或神经调节，而冻结限制球囊336可具有处于或高于-3℃的温度。显著地，自限制球囊336至低温球囊334的热传递可有益于将低温冷却的球囊外表面的温度自(例如)-80℃增加至用于消融的较佳温度，例如，介于-10℃与-40℃之间。因此，球囊之间的热传递可帮助缓和低温疗法的温度。
在一具体实例中，使球囊334、336同时充气。在另一具体实例中，使限制球囊336及低温球囊334顺序地充气。可在低温球囊334的前使限制球囊336充气，以便在动脉内适当定位及/或定向球囊。
导管306的多个导管轴件(例如，外部轴件316、导线轴件320、低温供应管324及限制供应管328)可由聚合材料(其非详尽实例包括聚乙烯、聚乙烯嵌段酰胺共聚物(PEBA)、聚酰胺及/或其组合)形成，其可根据另一合适方法而层压、掺合、共挤压或处理。在一具体实例中，导线轴件320可为聚合材料的可挠性管，诸如聚乙烯管。视情况，外部轴件316或其某部分可形成为具有并入聚合本体内以便增强强度及/或可挠性的加强材料的复合物。合适的加强层可包括编织物、金属丝网层、嵌入式轴件向导线、嵌入式螺旋状或圆周导线，及其类似者。在一具体实例中，例如，外部轴件316的至少近端部分可由加强聚合管形成。另外，尽管导管306在本文被描述为建构有延伸穿过其以形成导管的内腔的各种轴件，但一般熟习此项技术者将理解，其他类型的导管构造亦系可能的，诸如(而不限于)藉由多内腔侧面挤压而形成的导管轴件。在另一具体实例中，可在不脱离本技术的范畴的情况下将导管306修改为快速交换(RX)导管组态，以使得导线轴件320仅在导管306的远端部分内延伸。
尽管低温球囊及限制球囊被展示为具有大致相等的膨胀剖面，但低温球囊及限制球囊可取决于所要消融疗法图案而具有不同、不相等尺寸。举例而言，如图4的具体实例中所展示，消融总成400可包括长度短于限制球囊436的长度的低温球囊434。如上文更详细描述，标称治疗区域/消融图案可取决于低温球囊的工作长度LW。因此，一般而言，较短低温球囊434相比于低温球囊334在导管壁的纵向方向上接触较少组织，且因此导致比低温球囊334小的标称治疗区域。另外，与可引起较深及/或较长消融图案的较长低温球囊相对照，较短低温球囊434可需要较长治疗时间以便达成神经调节。
在另一实例中，低温球囊及限制球囊可具有不同膨胀外径。在图5的具体实例中，消融总成500可包括具有比限制球囊536的膨胀外径小的膨胀外径的低温球囊534。为了达成不同膨胀外径，球囊可由具有不同柔度的材料形成。举例而言，可将扩张球囊分类为柔性的(compliant)、非柔性的或半柔性的。柔性球囊可藉由其回应于增加充气压力而径向膨胀超出其标称直径的能力来表征。可据称此等球囊遵循藉由绘制球囊直径对充气压力而获得的应力-应变曲线。非柔性球囊可藉由接近平直的应力-应变曲线来表征，该曲线说明球囊直径在可用充气压力范围中膨胀相对较少。为了达成较小膨胀外径，低温球囊534可为半柔性或非柔性的。在一些具体实例中，低温球囊534可为10％或小于10％柔性的且由PEBAX聚合物或耐纶形成。限制球囊536的柔性可(例如)介于50％与100％之间且由聚胺甲酸酯或聚硅氧形成。百分比柔度可对应于在操作压力下的低温球囊534与在额定压力(例如，破裂压力或最大充气压力)下的低温球囊534之间发生的膨胀百分比。所叙述的百分比柔度值亦可应用于可分配性，可将其计算如下：
选定压力可为相对高的任意压力(例如，10巴)。可用以达成球囊的所要量的柔度的合适材料包括(但不限于)聚合物，诸如聚乙烯、聚乙烯嵌段酰胺共聚物(PEBA)、PEBAX聚合物、耐纶、聚硅氧、聚对苯二甲酸伸乙酯(PET)、聚酰胺、聚胺甲酸酯，及共聚物或其掺合物。
如图5A中所展示，在动脉A内的部署期间，具有较大膨胀外径的限制球囊536可本质上环绕或卷绕较小低温球囊534，藉此防止导管壁的较大圆周部分的消融。换言之，限制球囊536可卷绕较小低温球囊534，且有效地减小标称治疗区域/消融图案的接触表面弧度低温球囊534的膨胀直径确定接触表面弧度且因此确定低温消融的圆周组织的量。一般而言，较小低温球囊534接触围绕导管壁的圆周的较少组织，且因此导致比低温球囊334的标称治疗区域/消融图案小的标称治疗区域/消融图案。在图5A中所描绘的具体实例中，接触表面弧度小于导管壁的圆周的一半，或介于导管壁的45°与180°之间。在另一具体实例(图中未示)中，若需要使导管壁的圆周的一半以上消融，则低温球囊可具有介于导管壁的180°与225°之间的接触表面弧度且可经建构成具有比限制球囊大的膨胀外径，以使得较大低温球囊在部署期间环绕较小限制球囊。
返回参看图3以及图3B、图3C及图3D的剖视图，描述导管306的另一特征。在图3的具体实例中，可使限制球囊336充气且取决于限制球囊336的设计而使其保持处于恒定压力或处于恒定外径，且限制球囊336的内部不与外部轴件316的内腔318流体连通。如分别在球囊334的球囊颈部315与球囊336的球囊颈部317之间的近端结合件329的位置处所获得的图3B的横截面图中所展示，近端结合件329环绕限制供应管328且密封限制供应管328使其不与外部轴件316的内腔318连通。在近端结合件329的部位处，外部轴件316自图3A的环形组态变换成类似于球囊颈部315、317的大体上数字“8”组态。在一具体实例中，相比于限制球囊336的近端球囊颈部317，低温球囊334的近端球囊颈部315具有较大直径及对应内腔，以便允许膨胀低温气体或排气自低温球囊334的内部离开，如将在本文更详细解释。尽管近端球囊颈部315可能大于近端球囊颈部317，但球囊334、336的膨胀外径可相同或如上文所描述不同。近端结合件329可以此项技术中已知的任何合适方式形成，包括经由黏着剂及/或热熔丝而形成。
与限制供应管328相对比，低温供应管324及导线轴件320自由地延伸穿过(例如，不结合至)外部轴件316，且延伸至低温球囊334的球囊颈部315中。如上文所提及且参看图3C，连续供应的低温流体离开低温供应管324的远端325而至低温球囊334的内部中以在其中膨胀。同时，膨胀低温气体在近端经由轴件324、320与外部轴件316之间的空间离开低温球囊334的内部，如图3C中最佳展示。在一具体实例中，真空可用以自导管中抽出膨胀低温气体，但不需要真空来使气体离开。膨胀低温气体在近端行进穿过近端球囊颈部315且在外部轴件316的内腔318内行进达导管306的长度，且接着经由接头308的臂309离开导管306。如图3D的横截面图中所展示，低温疗法轴件324自由地延伸穿过(例如，不结合至)臂309，且因此膨胀低温气体可经由在低温疗法轴件324与臂309之间所界定的环形内腔或空间311而逸出。在另一具体实例(图中未示)中，低温疗法轴件324可结合或以其他方式耦接至外部轴件316的一侧壁。
图6说明其另一具体实例，其中可使用于限制球囊的充气流体循环以便更佳地控制其温度。更特定言之，消融总成600包括低温球囊634及限制球囊636。低温供应管624及导线轴件620延伸穿过外部轴件616且延伸至低温球囊634的近端球囊颈部615中，如上文关于导管306所描述。然而，在此具体实例中，限制供应管628以及充气流体返回或排气轴件650延伸穿过外部轴件616且经由限制球囊636的近端球囊颈部617而延伸至限制球囊636的内部中。近端结合件629环绕轴件628、650，且密封限制球囊636的内部使其不与外部轴件616的内腔618连通。连续供应的充气流体经由限制供应管628进入限制球囊636的内部以使限制球囊636充气及膨胀。充气流体接着经由排气轴件650离开限制球囊636的内部，以使得限制球囊636内的充气流体可持续循环。连续循环允许限制球囊636的内部内的充气流体维持在较暖温度下，此情形改良限制球囊636保护非目标组织免于消融的能力，此系因为防止了限制球囊636归因于与低温球囊634的热传递而冷却至低温消融温度。归因于充气流体的连续循环而在限制球囊636中所维持的相对较暖温度亦准许自限制球囊636至低温球囊634的热传递改良，从而更佳地缓和如本文所描述的低温疗法的温度。
图7说明其另一具体实例，其中来自低温球囊的排气充当用于限制球囊的充气流体，以便简化导管的构造且减少所需内腔数目，此情形亦可减小导管的外径。更特定言之，消融总成700可包括低温球囊734及限制球囊736。低温供应管724及导线轴件720延伸穿过外部轴件716且延伸至低温球囊734的近端球囊颈部715中，如上文关于导管306所描述。然而，在此具体实例中，U形连接器752使低温球囊734的内部与限制球囊736的内部流体连接。将低温剂递送至低温球囊734中，且当低温剂进入低温球囊734的内部且膨胀成气体时存在压降。随着低温剂膨胀成气体，低温球囊734膨胀且排气行进穿过U形连接器752且行进至限制球囊736中以使限制球囊膨胀。尽管低温球囊734的温度使与低温球囊734接触的目标组织消融，但离开低温球囊734且填充限制球囊736的排气可比低温球囊734的温度暖大约20℃至50℃。因此，尽管排气仍为冷的，但限制球囊736的温度可保持高于-5℃，以使得将不发生邻近于限制球囊736的非目标组织的热损伤。在一具体实例(图中未示)中，U形连接器752的长度可增加成使得远端回路在远端进一步延伸至血流中，该血流用以在排气进入限制球囊736的内部的前另外暖化排气。排气继续流经限制球囊736的近端颈部717、近端结合件729，且以与上文关于图3D所描述的方式相同的方式经由接头的未密封臂在近端离开导管。
在其另一具体实例中，导管可包括两个单独导线内腔以用于消融总成的更受控制定位。两个单独导线内腔亦允许利用两个不同类型的以用于导管的置放。举例而言，软尖端导线及硬尖端导线两者可用于推进导管通过曲折的解剖结构。尽管仅需要一导线以定位导管，但两个导线处于适当位置且可在需要时予以利用。举例而言，如图8、图8A及图8B中所展示，双球囊导管806包括在其远端处的消融总成800。消融总成800包括低温球囊834及安置成邻近于(亦即，并排于)低温球囊834的限制球囊836。低温供应管824及导线轴件820A以上文关于导管306所描述的方式延伸穿过外部轴件816且延伸至低温球囊834的近端球囊颈部815中。外部轴件816界定穿过其的内腔818。
导线轴件820A界定用于收纳导线842A的导线内腔822A。然而，在此具体实例中，除了界定充气内腔830的限制供应管828以外，第二内部导线轴件820B亦延伸穿过限制球囊836。导线轴件820B界定实质上延伸导管的整个长度以容纳第二导线842B的导线内腔822B。外部轴件816具有自患者向外延伸且耦接至接头808的近端840，及分别耦接至球囊834的近端颈部815及球囊836的近端颈部817的远端841。球囊834的远端819及球囊836的远端821分别耦接至导线轴件820A、820B。导线轴件820A、820B具有耦接至接头808的近端(图中未示)及在球囊834、836远端终止的远端。接头808包括与导线轴件820A的导线内腔822A流体连通的导线口814A，及与导线轴件820B的导线内腔822B流体连通的导线口814B。另外，接头808包括与限制供应管828的充气内腔830流体连通的第一充气口812，及与低温供应管824的充气内腔826流体连通的第二充气口810。类似于上文所描述的近端结合件329，近端结合件829环绕球囊834的内部且密封球囊834的内部使其不与外部轴件816的内腔818连通。在近端结合件829的部位处，外部轴件816自图8A的环形组态变换成类似于球囊颈部815、817的大体上数字“8”组态。
图9、图9A及图9B说明其另一具体实例，其中导管可包括两个单独导线内腔以用于消融总成的更受控制定位。在此具体实例中，两个单独球囊导管906A、906B经由耦接器套筒960耦接在一起。消融总成900形成于球囊导管906A、906B的远端处，其中低温球囊934安置于球囊导管906A的远端处且限制球囊936安置于球囊导管906B的远端处。第一球囊导管906A包括界定内腔918A的外部轴件916A。界定内腔926的低温供应管924及界定用于收纳导线942A的导线内腔922A的导线轴件920A两者延伸穿过外部轴件916A。用低温剂使安置于导管906A的远端处的低温球囊934充气，如上文关于低温球囊334所描述。第二球囊导管906B包括外部轴件916B及界定用于收纳导线942B的导线内腔922B的内部导线轴件920B。在第二球囊导管906B的同轴导管构造中，导线轴件920B在外部轴件916B内延伸，以使得环形充气内腔918B界定于外部轴件916B的内表面与导线轴件920B的外表面之间。经由递送通过环形充气内腔918B的充气流体使安置于导管906B的远端处的限制球囊936充气。第一接头908A耦接至第一球囊导管906A，且第二接头908B耦接至第二球囊导管906B。接头908A、908B包括分别与导线轴件920A的导线内腔922A及导线轴件920B的导线内腔922B流体连通的导线口914A、914B，及分别与低温供应管924的充气内腔926及外部轴件916B的充气内腔918B流体连通的充气口910、912。在此具体实例中，具有两个单独球囊导管可简化每一导管与其各别球囊之间的结合区域，此系因为每一外部轴件结合至单一近端球囊颈部而非两个分叉接近端球囊颈部(如关于上文所描述的具体实例所描述)。
耦接器套筒960遍及导管916A、916B的部分而延伸以将两者耦接在一起，且将球囊934、936适当定位成在目标动脉内并行。在一具体实例中，耦接器套筒960具有介于10毫米与30毫米之间的长度。耦接器套筒960可由任何合适的生物兼容性材料形成，包括(但不限于)聚乙烯、聚乙烯嵌段酰胺共聚物(PEBA)、聚酰胺及/或其组合，该等材料可根据另一合适方法而层压、掺合、共挤压或处理。耦接器套筒960可具有圆形或椭圆形横截面(如图9B中所展示)，或可具有类似于数字“8”的剖面以减小其剖面。在一具体实例中，耦接器套筒960可为可移除式单独组件，且操作者可将单独球囊导管906A、906B装配至耦接器套筒960中。结果，操作者可选择适当球囊大小或类型以对治疗部位进行最佳治疗。举例而言，操作者可选择具有具特定膨胀外径及/或长度的限制球囊的导管，以便定制标称治疗区域/消融图案的大小。此定制用于适应患者的单独的解剖构造。在另一具体实例中，耦接器套筒960及球囊导管906A、906B可形成为单一整合总成。
在图8及图9的具体实例中，低温球囊及限制球囊的远端在远端方向上分离地延伸且不接合在一起。因而，在一具体实例中，一或多个机构可用以将低温球囊与限制球囊耦接在一起，此情形可防止在部署期间球囊彼此折迭。参看图10，在一具体实例中，低温球囊834/934与限制球囊836/936经由黏着剂1062而耦接在一起。在图11中所展示的另一具体实例中，外部鞘1164可用以在部署期间将低温球囊834/934与限制球囊836/936按并排组态固持成邻近于彼此。在一具体实例中，外部鞘1164为在低温球囊及限制球囊被充气时膨胀的弹性管状构件。外部鞘1164环绕低温球囊及限制球囊，且限制低温球囊及限制球囊以使其保持处于邻近或并排组态。外部鞘1164系由不影响由低温球囊执行的消融的实质上非绝缘材料(诸如，聚胺甲酸酯、PEBAX聚合物或聚硅氧)形成。在另一具体实例中，外部鞘1164无弹性。在又一具体实例中，外部鞘1164可包含一或多个环形片段(图中未示)而非覆盖低温球囊及限制球囊的至少一部分的连续管状构件。
在又一具体实例中，外部鞘1164可在其远端处封闭，以便形成外部可充气球囊，外部鞘1164环绕并限制低温球囊834/934及限制球囊836/936。除了将低温球囊834/934及限制球囊836/936保持处于邻近并排组态或大体并行组态以外，外部鞘1164亦可在被充气以与导管壁相抵时堵塞血流。因为通过低温球囊的血流可影响所要消融疗法图案，所以可需要堵塞血流。
在其另一具体实例中，消融总成包括用于使低温球囊偏转以远离导管内的非目标组织的一个或多个叉指。更特定言之，图12为部署有消融总成1200的动脉A的部分示意性横截面图。消融总成1200包括用于使组织消融的低温球囊1234及将低温球囊1234定位于动脉内的限制组件1236。在此具体实例中，限制组件1236为使低温球囊1234相抵于导管壁的接触偏转或偏移的一对自膨胀叉指。
图13为用于递送自膨胀叉指的导管系统的实例的侧视图，自膨胀叉指使低温球囊偏转以远离导管壁的非目标组织。更特定言之，球囊导管1306包括界定内腔(图中未示)的外部轴件1316，及界定用于收纳导线1342的导线内腔(图中未示)的内部导线轴件1320。在球囊导管1306的导管构造中，类似于低温供应管324的低温充气轴件(图13中未展示)延伸穿过导管1306，以用于接收低温充气介质从而使低温球囊1334充气。用低温剂使低温球囊1334充气(如上文关于低温球囊334所描述)，且膨胀低温气体或排气经由界定于外部轴件1316的内表面与导线轴件1320及低温充气轴件的外表面之间的空间而离开导管1306。接头1308安置于导管1306的近端处。接头1308包括与低温充气轴件的充气内腔流体连通的充气口1310，及与内部导线轴件1320的导线内腔流体连通的导线口1314。消融总成1300包括安置于导管1306的远端处的低温球囊1334及一对自膨胀叉指1372A、1372B。图13中及下文所描述的图13A、图13B及图14中仅展示叉指1372A、1372B中的一者。
如图13A中所展示，管状鞘1370安置于导管1306上方(图13)，且将该对自膨胀叉指1372A、1372B限制成适于在脉管结构内递送的减小的直径。叉指1372A、1372B耦接至推拉式导线1378(图13)，推拉式导线1378自导管1306在近端向外延伸且可由操作者操控。推拉式导线1378用于在鞘1370内在远端推进及在远端缩回叉指1372A、1372B。当在远端自鞘1370向外推进时，叉指1372A、1372B部署成图13、图13B、图13C、图14及图15中所展示的膨胀组态。出于清楚的目的，分别自图14的侧视图及图15的仰视图/俯视图省略低温球囊1334。藉由叉指1372A、1372B将低温球囊1334推动至导管的一侧，叉指1372A、1372B按压在动脉的相对侧上以导致部分圆周消融图案。低温球囊1334系由非柔性或低柔性材料形成，以防止其在叉指1372A、1372B之间膨胀且膨胀至导管壁上。举例而言，低温球囊1334可由耐纶、PEBAX聚合物或聚对苯二甲酸伸乙酯(PET)形成。
参看图14及图15，每一叉指1372A、1372B包括近端片段1376A、1376B、弯曲片段1374A、1374B，及远端片段1380A、1380B。在一具体实例中，每一叉指1372A、1372B为由单一或整合材料片形成的整体结构。在另一具体实例中，每一叉指的弯曲片段1374A、1374B为可为相同材料或不同材料的单独组件，该组件藉由此项技术中已知的诸如以下方式的任何合适方式附接至近端片段及远端片段：包括电阻焊接、摩擦焊接、雷射焊接或另一形式的焊接的焊接、熔焊、使用黏着剂、将连接组件添加于近端片段与远端片段之间，或藉由另一机械方法。叉指1372A、1372B可由诸如镍钛诺导线的形状内存材料形成，且可自膨胀。镍钛诺导线可为实心或中空的，且可具有圆形、椭圆形、正方形、矩形或任何其他合适的横截面形状。
在递送期间，每一叉指1372A、1372B被限制成在鞘1370内的实质上笔直的组态，且当每一叉指1372A、1372B自鞘1370释放时，每一叉指1372A、1372B采取将球囊的外表面按压在相对导管壁上的其预成型形状或已部署组态。更特定言之，在已部署组态中，近端片段1376A、1376B为自推拉式导线1378在远端延伸的相对短且实质上笔直的片段。如图15的仰视图中所展示，近端片段1376A、1376B在相对径向方向上发散以将叉指1372A、1372B置于低温球囊1334的相对侧上。如图14的侧视图中所展示，近端片段1376A、1376B在平行于导管的纵向轴线的平面内延伸。弯曲片段1374A、1374B在远端自近端片段1376A、1376B延伸，且在径向方向上朝向导管壁弯曲。弯曲片段1374A、1374B操作以接触及推压低温球囊1334的近端部分，从而使低温球囊1334的部分偏转以远离导管壁。大体上笔直的远端片段1380A、1380B在平行于导管的纵向轴线的方向上在远端地自弯曲片段1374A、1374B延伸。远端片段1380A、1380B将叉指1372A、1372B按压及/或留置(lodge)在导管的一侧上，而低温球囊1334按压在导管的相对侧上。
在其他具体实例中，可使用使低温球囊1334偏转以远离导管壁的非目标组织的自膨胀叉指的不同组态。举例而言，图16展示具有经由V形接合片段1682而连接的远端的叉指1672A、1672B，且图17展示具有用修圆U形接合片段1782而连接的远端的叉指1772A、1772B。接合片段1682、1782可整合地形成于两个叉指之间，或可为耦接至两个叉指的单独组件。连接叉指的远端可本质上形成稳定性改良的用于使低温球囊偏转的单一叉指。图18中的叉指1872A、1872B类似于叉指1672A、1672B，但亦包括在其间延伸以用于使偏转叉指稳定及/或加强的对角支撑片段1884。最后，一般熟习此项技术者将理解，替代部署机构可用于部署偏转叉指。举例而言，参看图19，每一叉指1972A、1972B可耦接至用于单独地控制每一叉指的部署的单独推拉式导线1978A、1978B。每一叉指1972A、1972B的单独部署提供对被偏转以远离导管壁的低温球囊的量的选择性控制，且因此提供对消融疗法图案的选择性控制。举例而言，可仅部署叉指1972A、1972B中的一者以较少地限制低温球囊，且因此围绕导管的圆周的较大部分发生消融，而可部署两个叉指1972A、1972B以用于更多地限制低温球囊，且因此围绕导管的圆周的较少部分发生消融。在另一具体实例中，如一般熟习此项技术者将理解，可藉由鞘1370的缩回而实现及/或辅助自膨胀叉指的部署。
因为通过低温球囊的血流可影响所要消融疗法图案，所以本文所描述的任何具体实例可包括堵塞球囊或其他堵塞器件。可围绕如关于图11的外部鞘所描述的消融总成而同心地置放堵塞器件，或可将堵塞器件置于消融总成的近端或远端。另外，堵塞器件可整合地形成于消融总成的递送导管上，或可为供消融总成的递送导管利用的单独器件。
本文关于导管壁的部分圆周消融来描述一些具体实例。然而，在一些应用中，可能需要执行导管壁的全圆周消融，其亦为非连续或螺旋状的。非连续的全圆周消融可包括形成围绕导管壁的整个圆周共同延伸的两个或两个以上部分圆周消融。螺旋状、全圆周消融可包括形成一或多个消融，该一或多个消融弯曲以围绕导管壁的整个圆周延伸，而在垂直于导管的任何单一平面中不为全圆周消融。相比于其他全圆周消融，此等全圆周消融的非连续或螺旋状性质可减少对导管的任一区的结构改变。一般熟习此项技术者将理解，其用于产生部分圆周消融图案的具体实例亦可用于产生非连续或螺旋状全圆周消融图案。举例而言，具有本文所描述的消融总成的导管可在导管内纵向平移且在需要时旋转，以便执行围绕导管壁的整个圆周共同延伸的多个顺序的部分圆周消融。在一些具体实例中，长度介于2毫米与5毫米之间的相对短球囊可在导管中旋转及纵向地移动以产生非连续及螺旋状消融图案。
示例
1.一种低温治疗装置，其包括：
包括远端部分的伸长轴件，该轴件被配置为将该远端部分置于解剖学脉管中；
在该远端部分处的第一球囊；
沿着该轴件至少一部分的第一供应腔；
沿着该轴件至少一部分的第一排放腔，该第一排放腔经由该第一球囊而流体连接至该第一供应腔；
与该第一供应腔及该第一排放腔流体分离的在该远端部分处的第二球囊，该第二球囊被配置为防止该第一球囊将与该解剖学脉管长度垂直的大体上任何平面内的该解剖学脉管壁的全周缘低温冷却；
沿着该轴件的至少一部分的第二供应腔；及
沿着该轴件的至少一部分的第二排放腔，该第二排放腔经由该第二球囊而流体连接至该第二供应腔。
2.如示例1所述的低温治疗装置，其中—
该第一球囊为非柔性或半柔性的，且
该第二球囊为柔性的。
3.如示例1所述的低温治疗装置，其中—
该第一球囊的柔性小于10％，且
该第二球囊的柔性介于50％与100％之间。
4.如示例1所述的低温治疗装置，其中—
该第二球囊包括近端部分及远端部分，
该第二供应腔包括在该第二球囊的近端部分和远端部分中的一处的开口，且
该第二排放腔包括在该第二球囊的近端部分和远端部分中的另一处的开口。
5.如示例1所述的低温治疗装置，其中—
该低温治疗装置被配置为在加压冷冻剂通过该第一供应腔而递送至该第一球囊、在该第一球囊中膨胀并通过该第一排放腔而从该第一球囊排出时将接近该第一球囊的解剖学脉管壁的部分低温冷却，且
该低温治疗装置被配置为在热传递流体经由该第二供应腔而递送至该第二球囊、在该第二球囊内移动并通过该第二排放腔而从该第二球囊排出时暖化该第一球囊。
6.一种用于治疗患者的方法，其包括：
将低温治疗装置的伸长轴件的远端部分置于该患者的解剖学脉管内；
将冷冻剂递送至该低温治疗装置的在该远端部分处的第一球囊；
使该冷冻剂在该第一球囊内膨胀以冷却该第一球囊；
使接近该第一球囊的该解剖学脉管壁的部分冷却；及
使热传递流体循环通过该低温治疗装置的接近该第一球囊并与该第一球囊流体分离的第二球囊，以暖化该第一球囊并缓和该解剖学脉管壁的该部分的冷却。
7.如示例6所述的方法，其中使该热传递流体循环致使该第一球囊的温度介于-10℃与-40℃之间。
8.如示例6所述的方法，其还包括使该解剖学脉管壁的介于45°与225°之间的部分与该第一球囊接触。
9.如示例6所述的方法，其还包括—
使含有该冷冻剂的该第一球囊半柔性或非柔性地膨胀；及
使含有该热传递流体的第二球囊柔性地膨胀。
10.如示例6所述的方法，其还包括使用该第二球囊以防止该第一球囊将与该解剖学脉管长度垂直的大体上任何平面内的该解剖学脉管壁的全周缘低温冷却。
11.一种低温治疗装置，其包括：
第一导管，该第一导管包括一
具有远端部分的第一伸长轴件，
在该第一轴件的远端部分处的第一球囊，
沿着该第一轴件的至少一部分的供应腔，
沿着该第一轴件的至少一部分的排放腔，该排放腔经由该
第一球囊而流体连接至该供应腔；
第二导管，该第二导管包括—
具有远端部分的第二伸长轴件，及
在该第二轴件的远端部分处的第二球囊；及
耦接器套筒，该耦接器套管设置在解剖学脉管内并用来以平行排列收纳该第一导管及该第二导管。
12.如示例11所述的低温治疗装置，其还包括第三导管，其中—
该第三导管包括—
具有远端部分的第三伸长轴件，及
在该第三轴件的远端部分处的第三球囊，
该第二球囊及该第三球囊被配置为膨胀至不同大小，和
该第二导管及该第三导管相对于该耦接器套筒可互换。
13.如示例11所述的低温治疗装置，其还包括连接至该耦接器套筒的可膨胀外部鞘，其中该第一球囊及该第二球囊被配置为在该第一导管及该第二导管处于该耦接器套筒内时在该可膨胀外部鞘内匹配在一起。
14.如示例11所述的低温治疗装置，其中该低温治疗装置被配置为在加压冷冻剂经由该第一供应腔而递送至该第一球囊、在该第一球囊中膨胀并经由该第一排放腔而从该第一球囊排出时将接近该第一球囊的该解剖学脉管壁的部分低温冷却。
15.如示例11所述的低温治疗装置，其中该第二球囊被配置为防止该第一球囊将与该解剖学脉管长度垂直的大体上任何平面内的该解剖学脉管壁的全周缘低温冷却。
16.如示例11所述的低温治疗装置，其中—
该第一导管包括沿着该第一轴件的至少一部分并延伸穿过该第一球囊的第一导丝腔，和
该第二导管包括沿着该第二轴件的至少一部分并延伸穿过该第二球囊的第二导丝腔。
17.一种用于治疗患者的方法，其包括：
将第一导管的第一伸长轴件的远端部分置于该患者的解剖学脉管内；
将冷冻剂递送至该第一导管的在该第一轴件的远端部分处的第一球囊；
使该冷冻剂在该第一球囊内膨胀以冷却该第一球囊；
使该解剖学脉管壁的接近该第一球囊的部分冷却；
基于该解剖学脉管的大小及该第二导管的第二球囊的大小从多个导管中选择第二导管；
将该第二导管的第二伸长轴件的远端部分置于该解剖学脉管内接近该第一伸长轴件的第一远端部分，该第二球囊在该第二伸长轴件的远端部分处；和
使该第二球囊在该第一球囊与该解剖学脉管壁之间膨胀，以防止该第一球囊将与该解剖学脉管长度垂直的大体上任何平面内的该解剖学脉管壁的全周缘低温冷却。
18.如示例17所述的方法，其中安置该第一轴件的远端部分与安置该第二轴件的远端部分大体上同时进行。
19.如示例17所述的方法，其还包括在选择该第二导管之后耦接该第一导管与该第二导管。
20.如示例19所述的方法，其中耦接该第一导管与该第二导管包括将该第一导管及该第二导管引入至耦接器套筒中。
21.一种低温治疗装置，其包括：
包括远端部分的伸长轴件，该轴件被配置为将该远端部分置于解剖学脉管中；
在该远端部分处的伸长球囊；
沿着该轴件的至少一部分的供应腔；
沿着该轴件的至少一部分的排放腔，该排放腔经由该球囊而流体连接至该供应腔；及
在该远端部分处的伸长自膨胀的叉，其，
其中—
该球囊被配置为优先膨胀以远离该叉指，且
该叉指被配置为防止该球囊将与该解剖学脉管长度垂直的大体上任何平面内的该解剖学脉管壁的全周缘低温冷却。
22.如示例21所述的低温治疗装置，其中该球囊为非柔性或半柔性的。
23.如示例21所述的低温治疗装置，其中该球囊的柔性小于10％。
24.如示例21所述的低温治疗装置，其中—
该叉指为第一叉指，
该低温治疗装置还包括第二叉指，和
该第一叉指与该第二叉指可独立地或者一起使用以改变该解剖学脉管的被该球囊低温冷却的部分的大小。
25.如示例21所述的低温治疗装置，其中—
该叉指为第一叉指，
该低温治疗装置还包括第二叉指，和
该第一叉指与该第二叉指在近端连接至推/拉式导线。
26.如示例25所述的低温治疗装置，其中—
该第一叉指与该第二叉指在远端连接，和
该低温治疗装置还包括在该第一叉指与该第二叉指之间的对角支撑件。
27.一种用于治疗患者的方法，其包括：
将导管的伸长轴件的远端部分置于该患者的解剖学脉管内；
将在该轴件的远端部分处的伸长叉指按压在该解剖学脉管壁的第一部分上，
将冷冻剂递送至该导管的在该轴件的远端部分处的球囊以冷却该球囊并优选地使该球囊在远离该叉指的径向方向上膨胀；及
使该解剖学脉管壁的接近该球囊的第二部分冷却，其中该叉指迫使该球囊紧靠该解剖学脉管壁的第二部分并使该球囊与该解剖学脉管壁的第一部分间隔开。
28.如示例27所述的方法，其中该解剖学脉管壁的该第一部分及该第二部分处于该解剖学脉管壁的大体上相对侧处。
29.如示例27所述的方法，其中将冷冻剂递送至该球囊使该球囊非柔性或半柔性地膨胀。
30.如示例27所述的方法，其还包括控制该叉指的偏转以控制该解剖学脉管壁的该第二部分的大小。
31.如示例27所述的方法，其还包括选择在该轴件的远端部分处的多个伸长叉指以按压在该解剖学脉管壁的该第一部分上，从而控制该解剖学脉管壁的该第二部分的大小。
结论
虽然上文已描述根据本技术的各种具体实例，但应理解，该等具体实例仅藉由说明及实例来呈现，且并非用来限制。对于熟习相关技术者将显而易见，可在不脱离本发明的精神及范畴的情况下在本发明中进行形式及细节的各种改变。因此，本发明的广度及范畴不应藉由上述具体实例中的任一者限制。亦将理解，可结合任何其他具体实例的特征使用本文所论述的每一具体实例的每一特征及本文所引用的每一参考的每一特征。本文所论述的所有专利及公开案的全文以引用的方式并入本文中。
在上下文准许时，单数项或复数项亦可分别包括复数项或单数项。此外，除非词“或”明确地限于仅意谓参考两个或两个以上项目清单的单一项目而排除其他项目，否则在此清单中“或”的使用将解释为包括(a)该清单中的任何单一项目、(b)该清单中的所有项目，或(c)该清单中的项目的任何组合。另外，术语“包含”及其类似者贯穿本发明用以意谓包括至少所叙述特征，以使得不排除任何较大数目个相同特征及/或额外类型的其他特征。亦将了解，可在不偏离本技术的情况下对所描述的具体实例作出各种修改。另外，虽然与本技术的某些具体实例相关联的优点已在彼等具体实例的上下文中予以描述，但其他具体实例亦可展现此等优点，且并非所有具体实例皆必需展现此等优点而使其属于本技术的范畴。因此，揭示内容及相关联的技术可涵盖本文中未明确展示或描述的其他具体实例。

Claims (5)

1.一种低温治疗装置，其包括：
包括远端部分的伸长轴件，所述轴件被配置为将所述远端部分置于解剖学脉管中；
在所述远端部分处的第一球囊；
沿着所述轴件至少一部分的第一供应腔；
沿着所述轴件至少一部分的第一排放腔，所述第一排放腔经由所述第一球囊而流体连接至所述第一供应腔；
与所述第一供应腔及所述第一排放腔流体分离的在所述远端部分处的第二球囊，所述第二球囊被配置为防止所述第一球囊将与所述解剖学脉管长度垂直的大体上任何平面内的所述解剖学脉管壁的全周缘低温冷却；
沿着所述轴件的至少一部分的第二供应腔；及
沿着所述轴件的至少一部分的第二排放腔，所述第二排放腔经由所述第二球囊而流体连接至所述第二供应腔，
其中近端结合件环绕第二供应腔和第二排放腔以密封第二球囊的内部使其不与所述伸长轴件的腔连通。
2.如权利要求1所述的低温治疗装置，其中—
所述第一球囊为非柔性或半柔性的，且
所述第二球囊为柔性的。
3.如权利要求1所述的低温治疗装置，其中—
所述第一球囊具有小于10％的百分比柔度，且
所述第二球囊具有介于50％与100％之间的百分比柔度，
其中球囊的百分比柔度对应于在操作压力下的球囊和在额定压力下的球囊之间发生的膨胀百分比。
4.如权利要求1所述的低温治疗装置，其中—
所述第二球囊包括近端部分及远端部分，
所述第二供应腔包括在所述第二球囊的近端部分和远端部分中的一处的开口，且
所述第二排放腔包括在所述第二球囊的近端部分和远端部分中的另一处的开口。
5.如权利要求1所述的低温治疗装置，其中—
所述低温治疗装置被配置为，在加压冷冻剂通过所述第一供应腔而递送至所述第一球囊、在所述第一球囊中膨胀并通过所述第一排放腔而从所述第一球囊排出时将接近所述第一球囊的解剖学脉管壁的部分低温冷却，且
所述低温治疗装置被配置为，在热传递流体经由所述第二供应腔而递送至所述第二球囊、在所述第二球囊内移动并通过所述第二排放腔而从所述第二球囊排出时暖化所述第一球囊。
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