JP2010511995A - リチウム電池内における電解質の分離 - Google Patents
リチウム電池内における電解質の分離 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2010511995A JP2010511995A JP2009540250A JP2009540250A JP2010511995A JP 2010511995 A JP2010511995 A JP 2010511995A JP 2009540250 A JP2009540250 A JP 2009540250A JP 2009540250 A JP2009540250 A JP 2009540250A JP 2010511995 A JP2010511995 A JP 2010511995A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- cathode
- electrolyte
- electrolyte solvent
- lithium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 302
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 287
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 173
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 170
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017083 AlN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002706 AlOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 45
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 59
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 40
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 14
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COC(C)OC SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 5
- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000014233 sulfur utilization Effects 0.000 description 5
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910012424 LiSO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical class C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 3
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratrole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPZNOMCNRMUKPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1 DPZNOMCNRMUKPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJDXSTIWUARVEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane Chemical compound C1CCCC21OCCO2 IJDXSTIWUARVEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DRWHSZVZYXVEER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-[2-(methoxymethoxy)ethyl]benzene Chemical compound COCOCCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 DRWHSZVZYXVEER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GFISDBXSWQMOND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethoxyoxolane Chemical compound COC1CCC(OC)O1 GFISDBXSWQMOND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NUNQKTCKURIZQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CCOCCOC(C)(C)C NUNQKTCKURIZQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003003 Li-S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine;nitric acid Chemical compound NC(N)=N.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CAQYAZNFWDDMIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOC CAQYAZNFWDDMIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQKDMKKMCVJJTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylpropoxymethyl)oxirane Chemical compound CC(C)COCC1CO1 AQKDMKKMCVJJTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFQQYIUTYJVYFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpentyl 2-cyanoprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCOC(=O)C(=C)C#N HFQQYIUTYJVYFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N AIBN Substances N#CC(C)(C)\N=N\C(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
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- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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Abstract
Description
リチウムアノードを含む電池のためのゲルポリマー電解質の合成
8.9gの電解質(ジメトキシエタン(40%)、ジオキソラン(40%)、リチウムビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミド(16%)、硝酸リチウム(4%))、1gの1−メトキシ−2−(4−ビニルフェニル)メトキシエタンモノマー、0.1gのジビニルベンゼン架橋剤、および0.01gのAIBN、を混合することによってゲルポリマー電解質を形成した。混合物を50°Cで39時間加熱し、透明なゲルポリマー電解質を得た。この電解質は、5.2mSのイオン導電率を有した。
リチウムアノードを含む電池のためのゲルポリマー電解質の合成
混合物を100°Cで6分間加熱したことを除いて実施例1に記載された方法を用いて、ゲルポリマー電解質を形成した。この電解質は、5.1mSのイオン導電率を有した。
低/ゼロポリスルフィド溶解度の電解質を有するセル
65wt%のジエトキシメタン(DEM)、33wt%のリチウムイミド塩、および2wt%のLiNO3の混合物を形成した。上記の電解質(7.6g)を、標準設計のセル(73wt%硫黄、16wt%カーボンXE2、6wt%カーボンケッチェンブラックおよび5wt%ポリエチレンを含むカソード、リチウム金属アノードおよびセパレータ)に加えた。セルを50mAで2.5Vまで充電し、50mAで1.7Vまで放電することにより動作させた。10サイクル後に第1組のセルを分解した。LiアノードのESM像は、よく密集した金属リチウム堆積物を示した。加えて、第1組のセルは、膨張しなかった。第2組のセルを、+50℃で140時間サイクルさせた。第2組のセルは、ガス発生が見られなかった。
ポリスルフィド溶解度が高い電解質を有する電気化学セル
ポリスルフィド溶解度が相対的に低い電解質を用いなかったことを除いて実施例3に記載されたものと同様のセルを形成した。代わりに、セルを満たすために、DME/DOL(1:1w/w)、16wt%リチウムイミド、および4%硝酸リチウムを含む電解質を用いた。
カソードに5wt%ポリフッ化ビニリデンを含む電気化学セル
この例は、ポリフッ化ビニリデンを全体に取り込んで含むカソードを製造する方法を示す。
カソードに5wt%のポリエチレンを含む電気化学セル
5wt%のポリエチレンを分散して含む基準カソードを有する対照セルを作製した。カソードの配合は、標準的なRexam/Al/PET基板上の73wt%硫黄、16wt%XE2、6wt%ケッチェンブラック、および5wt% Kynarであり、1.58mgS/cm2とした。2つのカーボンブラック粉末を、最初に50%の速度で20分間(媒質なしに)ボールミル粉砕した。硫黄およびPEをイソプロピルアルコール(IPA)と混合し、粉砕機において高速(350rpm)で15分間粉砕した。速度を100rpmに下げ、次にカーボンを加えてさらに5分間粉砕を続け、粉末を分散させて懸濁液を作製した。次に、粉砕機を300rpmで5分間にわたって排出させた。次に,スロットダイを用いてRexam/Al/PET基板上に懸濁液をコーティングした。200〜350°Fに設定した10フィートの赤外線および対流組み合わせ炉でスラリーを乾燥させた。
カソードにwt%のポリフッ化ビニリデンを含む電気化学セル
この例は、カソード全体に取り込んだポリフッ化ビニリデンを含むまた別の電池の製造について示す。
カソードに10wt%のポリエチレンを含む電気化学セル
10wt%のポリエチレンを分散して含む基準カソードを用いて、対照セルを作製した。カソードの配合は、68wt%硫黄、16wt% XE2、6wt%ケッチェン、および10wt%ポリエチレンであった。
アノードにポリマー層を堆積させ、カソードを付加するのに先立って該ポリマー層を第1の電解質溶媒に暴露することによって形成した電気化学セル
この例は、アノードのポリマー層を堆積させて、次にカソードおよび第2の電解質溶媒を付加するのに先立って(該ポリマー層を含む)アノードを第1の電解質溶媒に暴露することによる電気化学セルの作製について示す。
比較例として、Liアノードをジブチルエーテル溶媒で膨潤するポリマーで覆わないことを除いて、実施例6に記載されたものと同じ電気化学セルを形成した。電気化学セルに、単一の溶媒、84wt%の1,2−ジメトキシエタンおよび16wt%の塩−リチウム=ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホンイミド)(例えば、第2の電解質溶媒)を満たした。かかる電気化学セルでは、いかなる溶媒の区分化も予測されなかった。
Claims (44)
- 活性アノード種としてリチウムを備えるアノード、
カソード電流コレクターによって担持された活性カソード種を備えるカソード、および
第1の電解質溶媒および第2の電解質溶媒を備える、前記アノードと前記カソード電流コレクターとの間の不均一電解質であって、使用時に、前記第1の電解質溶媒は前記アノードに偏在し、前記第2の電解質溶媒は前記カソードに偏在し、前記第2の電解質溶媒は前記アノードと逆に反応する少なくとも1つの種を含む、不均一電解質
を備えるリチウム電池。 - 前記アノードは、前記活性アノード種としてリチウム金属を備える、請求項1に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記アノードは、前記活性アノード種としてリチウム合金を備える、請求項1に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記アノードは、前記活性アノード種としてリチウム層間化合物を備える、請求項1に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記第2の電解質溶媒は、本質的に前記アノードと接触しない、請求項1に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記第1および/または第2の電解質溶媒は、リチウム塩を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記第1の電解質溶媒を偏って含み、前記アノードと接触したポリマーゲル層、および
前記ポリマーゲル層と前記カソード電流コレクターとの間の領域に偏って存在する前記第2の電解質溶媒
をさらに備えるリチウム電池であって、
前記カソードは前記カソード活性種として硫黄を備え、
前記第2の電解質溶媒は、前記第1の電解質溶媒より多くポリスルフィド種を含む、
請求項1に記載のリチウム電池。 - 前記第1の電解質溶媒は、本質的にポリスルフィド種を含まない、請求項1に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記アノードと前記カソードとの間に配置されたセパレータをさらに備える、請求項1に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記セパレータは、前記第2の電解質溶媒を偏って含む、請求項9に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記ポリマーゲル層は、前記リチウムと接触している、請求項8に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記ポリマーゲル層は、アノード保護層と接触している、請求項8に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記第2の電解質溶媒と前記第1の電解質溶媒との間のポリスルフィド溶解度の比率は、2:1より大きい、請求項1に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記第1の電解質溶媒のデューティサイクル当たりのLi枯渇wt%の、前記第2の電解質溶媒のデューティサイクル当たりのLi枯渇wt%に対する比率は、0.2:1より小さい、請求項1に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記第1および第2の電解質溶媒は、非混和性である、請求項1に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記第1および第2の電解質溶媒は、最初の放電開始の前には混和性であるが、後には非混和性である、請求項15に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記アノードに偏在する前記第1の電解質溶媒、
前記カソードと接触したポリマー物質、および
前記ポリマー物質および/または前記カソードを備える領域に偏在する前記第2の電解質溶媒
を備え、
前記カソードは前記カソード活性種として硫黄を備える、
請求項1に記載のリチウム電池。 - 前記ポリマー物質は、前記カソード上の層として形成される、請求項17に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記ポリマー物質は、前記カソード中に分散される、請求項17に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記アノードと前記カソードとの間に配置されたセパレータをさらに備える、請求項17に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記アノードまたはカソードと接触したポリマー層をさらに備える、請求項1に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記アノードまたはカソードと接触した前記ポリマー層は、ヘテロゴナスな不溶性の充填材を備える、請求項1に記載のリチウム電池。
- 前記充填材は、金属酸化物、オキシ水酸化物、硫化物、窒化物、またはそれらの組み合わせを備える、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記充填材は、Al2O3、AlOOH、SiO2、AlN、BN、またはLi3Nを備える、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記アノードと接触した前記ポリマー層は、順次コーティングされた1つより多いポリマー層を備える、請求項22に記載の方法。
- リチウム電池を形成する方法であって、
前記活性アノード種としてリチウムを備えるアノードを提供すること、
前記アノード上にポリマーおよび第1の電解質溶媒を備える混合物を堆積させること、
前記混合物が前記アノードとカソードとの間にあるように前記カソードを配置すること、
前記カソードを第2の電解質溶媒に暴露すること、および
前記第1および第2の電解質溶媒の少なくとも部分を前記電池内で分離させること
を備える、方法。 - 前記アノードは、前記活性アノード種としてリチウム金属を備える、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物を堆積させることは、モノマーと前記第1の電解質溶媒との混合物を前記アノード上に堆積させること、および次に前記ポリマーを形成するために前記モノマーを重合させることを備える、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物を堆積させることは、前記ポリマーと前記第1の電解質溶媒との混合物を前記アノード上に堆積させることを備える、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物はゲルの形態である、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物は、前記アノードの活物質層上に堆積される、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物は、前記アノードの保護層上に堆積される、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物は、リチウム塩を備える、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の電解質溶媒のデューティサイクル当たりのLi枯渇wt%の、前記第2の電解質溶媒のデューティサイクル当たりのLi枯渇wt%に対する比率は、0.2:1より小さい、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の電解質溶媒と前記第1の電解質溶媒との間のポリスルフィド溶解度の比率は、2:1より大きい、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の電解質溶媒は前記アノードに偏在し、前記第2の電解質溶媒は前記カソードに偏在する、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記活性アノード種としてリチウムを備えるアノード、カソード、および少なくとも第1および第2の電解質溶媒を備える電解質、を備えるリチウム電池を動作させること、および
前記第1の電解質溶媒は前記アノードに偏在し、前記第2の電解質溶媒は前記カソードに偏在するように、前記第1および第2の電解質溶媒の少なくとも部分を区分化することであって、前記第2の電解質溶媒は、前記アノードと逆に反応する少なくとも1つの種を含む、区分化すること
を備える、リチウム電池を動作させる方法。 - 前記アノードは、前記活性アノード種としてリチウム金属を備える、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記リチウム電池は、前記アノードと接触したポリマー層をさらに備え、前記ポリマー層は、前記第2の電解質溶媒より大きい度合いで前記第1の電解質溶媒に選択的に結合する、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記アノードと接触した前記ポリマー層は、ヘテロゴナスな不溶性の充填材を備える、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 前記充填材は、金属酸化物、オキシ水酸化物、硫化物、窒化物、またはそれらの組み合わせを備える、請求項40に記載の方法。
- 前記充填材は、Al2O3、AlOOH、SiO2、AlN、BN、またはLi3Nを備える、請求項40に記載の方法。
- 前記アノードと接触した前記ポリマー層は、順次コーティングされた1つより多いポリマー層を備える、請求項40に記載の方法。
- リチウム電池を形成する方法であって、
前記活性アノード種としてリチウムを備えるアノードを提供すること、
前記アノード上にポリマー層を堆積させること、
前記ポリマー層を第1の電解質溶媒に暴露すること、
前記ポリマー層が前記アノードとカソードとの間に配置されるように、前記カソードを前記アノードに近接して配置すること、
前記カソードを第2の電解質溶媒に暴露すること、および
前記第1および第2の電解質溶媒の少なくとも部分を前記電池内で分離させること
を備える、方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US11316204B2 (en) | 2022-04-26 |
US8617748B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 |
US20140062411A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
US20200350631A1 (en) | 2020-11-05 |
CN101601150A (zh) | 2009-12-09 |
KR101422311B1 (ko) | 2014-07-22 |
EP2102924B1 (en) | 2018-03-28 |
WO2008070059A3 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
CN101601150B (zh) | 2015-02-18 |
KR20090086575A (ko) | 2009-08-13 |
EP2102924A2 (en) | 2009-09-23 |
US10629954B2 (en) | 2020-04-21 |
JP5564260B2 (ja) | 2014-07-30 |
US20100129699A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
WO2008070059A2 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
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