JP2008512686A - 光学コヒーレンス撮像のシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents
光学コヒーレンス撮像のシステムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】検体40および参照物に向けて少なくとも1つの電磁放射光を生成する。複数の検出器を使用し、少なくとも1つの検出器が検体から受けた少なくとも1つの第一電磁放射および前記参照物から受けた少なくとも1つの第二電磁放射の組合せに関連する信号を検出可能とする。少なくとも1つの特定の検出器は、特定の電気的積分時間を有してよく、予め設定された閾値よりも大きい第一パワーレベルを有する第一の部分および第一の部分の直前または直後の第二の部分を有する時間分、少なくとも信号の一部を受信する。第二の部分は、予め設定された閾値よりも低い第二パワーレベルを有してよく、少なくとも第二の部分は、特定の電気的積分時間、例えば約10%以上の時間の間延長する。
【選択図】図1
Description
本発明は2004年9月10日に出願された米国特許出願番号60/608,800からの優先権を主張し、その全体がここに参考資料として組み込まれている。
A.F.Fercher他、「後方散乱スペクトル干渉法による眼球内距離の測定」Opt.Comm.117、43−48(1995)。
G.Hausler他、「コヒーレンスレーダおよびスペクトルレーダ‐皮膚診断用の新しいツール」、J.Biomed.Opt.3、21−31(1998)。
M.Wojtkowski他、「高速スペクトル光学コヒーレンストモグラフィによる実時間生体内撮像」、Opt.Lett.28、1754−1747(2003)。
N.Nassif他、「超高速スペクトル領域光学コヒーレンストモグラフィによる実時間人間の網膜撮影」、Opt.Lett.29、480−482(2004)。
S.H.Yun他、「1.3ミクロン波長での高速スペクトル領域光学コヒーレンストモグラフィ」、Opt.Express、11、3598−3604(2003)。
さらに光学周波数領域撮影(「OFDI」)では下記の論文がある。
S.R.Chinn、E.SwansonおよびJ.G.Fujimoto、「周波数可変光学光源を使用した光学コヒーレンストモグラフィ」、Opt.Lett、22、340−342(1997)。
B.Golubovic他、「高速波長同調Cr4+フォルステライトレーザを使用した光学周波数領域反射光測定法」、Opt.Lett、22、1704−1706(1997)。
F.Lexer他、「眼球内距離の波長同調干渉法」、Appl.Opt、36、6548−6553(1997)。
S,H.Yun他、「高速光学周波数領域撮像」、Opt.Express、11、2953−2963(2003)。これら公開の全部がここに参考資料として組み込まれる。
SD−OCT技術を使用して、周波数干渉縞は回折格子および電荷結合デバイス(「CCD」)を使用して空間領域で測定できる。例としてのOFDI技術で、スペクトル縞は周波数掃引光源を使用し、時間の関数として受光器で測定されて、時間領域にマップされる。両方の方法において軸方向反射プロファイル(A‐line)は、取得したデータの離散的フーリエ変換を実行して得られる。フーリエ変換プロセスは単一のAライン期間中に得られた全体のデータセットの積分を含んでいるので、以下の論文に記述されているように、信号対雑音比(「SNR」)は時間領域レンジングに比べて強化される。S,H.Yun他、「高速光学周波数領域撮像」、Opt.Express、11、2953−2963(2003)。
R.Leitgeb他、「フーリエ領域対時間領域光学コヒーレンストモグラフィの性能」、Opt.Express、11、889−894(2003)。
J.F.deBoer他、「時間領域に比べて改良されたスペクトル領域中の光学コヒーレンストモグラフィ信号対雑音比」、Opt.Lett.28、2067−2069(2003)。およびM.A.Choma他、「掃引光源およびフーリエ領域光学コヒーレンストモグラフィの感度の利点」、Opt.Express.11、2183−2189(2003)。
これらの全体はここに参考資料として組み込まれる。
20 カップラ
22 検体アーム
24 リファレンスアーム
26 ミラー
30 プローブ
40 検体
44 サーキュレータ
50 スペクトロメータ
52 コリメータ
54 回折格子
56 レンズ
60 CCDアレイ
62 カメラ
70 ディジタイザ
74 コンピュータ
200 モードロック広帯域幅連続波光源
210 シャッタ
220 Qスイッチポンプレーザ
230 スーパコンティニューム非線形ファイバ
240 ダイオードポンプレーザ
250 非線形ファイバ
300 広帯域幅光源
310 波長走査フィルタ
320 利得媒質
330 フィルタ
340 出力カップラ
350 レーザキャビティ
360 ソリトン光源
370 ラマン媒質
400 広スペクトル光
410 CCDアレイ
420 垂直なバー
450 半導体光学増幅器(SOA)
460 走査ミラー
462 コリメータレンズ
464 合焦レンズ
466 サーキュレータ
472,474 レンズ
500 光源
502 スキャナドライバ
504 スキャナクロック発生器
510 光トリガ発生器
514 光狭帯域幅フィルタ
516 光検出器
518 TTL生成回路
520 サーキュレータ
522 偏光コントローラ
524 偏光器
534 10/90結合器
536 コリメータ
538 ニュートラル濃度フィルタ
540 リファレンスミラー
542 ガルバノメータ搭載ミラー
544 ガルバノメータドライバ
546 結像レンズ
550 検体
560 検出スペクトロメータ
582 4チャンネル、12ビットデータ取得ボード
584 パーソナルコンピュータ
Claims (60)
- 検体の少なくとも一部を撮像するシステムであって、
前記検体および参照物に向けて少なくとも1つの電磁放射光を生成する光源装置と、
前記検体から受けた少なくとも1つの第一電磁放射光および前記参照物から受けた少なくとも1つの第二電磁放射光の組合せに関連する信号を検出可能な少なくとも1つの検出器により複数の検出器を含む少なくとも1つの検出装置とを備え、
前記検出器の少なくとも1つの特定の検出器は、特定の電気的積分時間を有し、
前記少なくとも1つの特定の検出器は、予め設定された閾値よりも大きい、少なくとも1つの第一パワーレベルを有する第一の部分および前記少なくとも1つの第一の部分の直前または直後の第二の部分を有する時間分、少なくとも前記信号の一部を受信し、
前記少なくとも第二の部分は、予め設定された閾値よりも低い、少なくとも1つの第二パワーレベルを有するとともに、
前記少なくとも第二の部分は、前記特定の電気的積分時間の少なくとも約10%の時間の間延長する、
ことを特徴とするシステム。 - 前記信号は、少なくとも1つの組合せの周波数成分であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの特定の検出器は、前記周波数成分の少なくとも1つを受けることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記光源装置は、パルス広帯域幅光源であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記パルス光源によって生成された前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光は、前記特定の電気的積分時間当たり1回のパルスであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 前記パルス光源は、Qスイッチレーザ、キャビティ−ダンプモードロックレーザ、および利得スイッチレーザの少なくとも1つを含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記光源装置によって生成された前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光は、前記特定の電気的積分時間の最大約90%の間の放射光のバーストであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 前記放射光のバーストは、複数のパルスを含むことを特徴とする請求項7に記載のシステム。
- 前記パルス広帯域幅光源によって生成された前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光は、約700ナノメートルから2000ナノメートルの間の中心波長のスペクトルを有することを特徴とする請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 前記パルス広帯域幅光源によって生成された前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光は、前記中心波長の約1%より大きなスペクトル幅のスペクトルを有することを特徴とする請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 前記パルス広帯域幅光源によって生成された前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光は、およそ1マイクロ秒よりも短いパルス幅を有することを特徴とする請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記放射光のバーストの持続期間は、約1マイクロ秒よりも短いことを特徴とする請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 前記光源装置は、光ゲートスイッチを含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光の周波数は、時間とともに変化することを特徴とする請求項3に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光の平均周波数は、実質的に時間とともに連続的にミリセカンド当り100テラヘルツよりも大きな同調速度で変化することを特徴とする請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 前記平均周波数は、前記特定の電気的積分時間の約90%よりも短い繰返し周期で変化することを特徴とする請求項15に記載のシステム。
- 前記光源装置によって生成された前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光は、約700ナノメートルから2000ナノメートルの間の中心波長を有することを特徴とする請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 前記光源装置によって生成された前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光は、前記中心波長の約1%より大きな同調範囲を有することを特徴とする請求項17に記載のシステム。
- 前記光源装置によって生成された前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光は、瞬時線幅が同調範囲よりも約10%狭い、前記瞬時線幅および前記同調範囲を有することを特徴とする請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 前記光源装置は、同調レーザを含むことを特徴とする請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 前記光源装置は、同調フィルタを含むことを特徴とする請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 前記光源装置は、媒質を含み、当該媒質に関連する非線形性に基づいて前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光を生成することを特徴とする請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 前記周波数は、実質的に時間とともに線形に変化することを特徴とする請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 前記周波数は、実質的に時間とともに正弦波状に変化することを特徴とする請求項14に記載のシステム。
- 前記検出器は、前記第一および第二電磁放射光の組合せと関連付けられた光電子の伝送をゲートするように適合され、前記光電子の伝送を許可するためのゲートの時間が前記特定の電気的積分時間の約90%より短い、電気シャッタをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載のシステム。
- 前記検体は、生体の検体であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のシステム。
- 前記検出装置は、少なくとも1つの電荷結合デバイスを含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載のシステム。
- 前記光源装置は、パルス広帯域幅光源であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記検出装置は、少なくとも1つの電荷結合デバイスを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの第一電磁放射光、前記少なくとも1つの第二電磁放射光および前記少なくとも1つの周波数成分の組合せのスペクトルを分離する、少なくとも1つのスペクトル分離ユニットをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のシステム。
- 検体の少なくとも一部を撮像する方法であって、
前記検体および参照物に向けて少なくとも1つの電磁放射光を生成するステップと、
検出装置の複数の検出器における少なくとも1つの検出器を使用して前記検体から受けた少なくとも1つの第一電磁放射光および前記参照物から受けた少なくとも1つの第二電磁放射光の組合せに関連する信号を検出するステップとを備え、
前記検出器の少なくとも1つの特定の検出器は、特定の電気的積分時間を有し、
前記少なくとも1つの特定の検出器は、予め設定された閾値よりも大きい、第一パワーレベルを有する第一の部分および当該第一の部分の直前または直後の第二の部分を有する時間分、少なくとも前記信号の一部を受信し、
前記第二の部分は、予め設定された閾値よりも低い第二パワーレベルを有するとともに、前記特定の電気的積分時間の少なくとも約10%の時間の間延長する、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記信号は、少なくとも1つの組合せの周波数成分であることを特徴とする請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの特定の検出器は、前記周波数成分の少なくとも1つを受けることを特徴とする請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記生成するステップは、パルス広帯域幅光源である光源装置により行うことを特徴とする請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記パルス光源によって生成された前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光は、前記特定の電気的積分時間当たり1回のパルスであることを特徴とする請求項34に記載の方法。
- 前記パルス光源は、Qスイッチレーザ、キャビティ−ダンプモードロックレーザ、および利得スイッチレーザの少なくとも1つを含むことを特徴とする請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記光源装置によって生成された前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光は、前記特定の電気的積分時間の最大約90%の間の放射光のバーストであることを特徴とする請求項34に記載の方法。
- 前記放射光のバーストは、複数のパルスを含むことを特徴とする請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記パルス広帯域幅光源によって生成された前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光は、約700ナノメートルから2000ナノメートルの間の中心波長のスペクトルを有することを特徴とする請求項34に記載の方法。
- 前記パルス広帯域幅光源によって生成された前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光は、前記中心波長の約1%より大きなスペクトル幅のスペクトルを有することを特徴とする請求項39に記載の方法。
- 前記パルス広帯域幅光源によって生成された前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光は、およそ1マイクロ秒よりも短いパルス幅を有することを特徴とする請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記放射光のバーストの持続期間は、約1マイクロ秒よりも短いことを特徴とする請求項34に記載の方法。
- 前記光源装置は、光ゲートスイッチを含むことを特徴とする請求項34に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光の周波数は、時間とともに変化することを特徴とする請求項33に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光の平均周波数は、実質的に時間とともに連続的にミリセカンド当り100テラヘルツよりも大きな同調速度で変化することを特徴とする請求項44に記載の方法。
- 前記平均周波数は、前記特定の電気的積分時間の約90%よりも短い繰返し周期で変化することを特徴とする請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記光源装置によって生成された前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光は、約700ナノメートルから2000ナノメートルの間の中心波長を有することを特徴とする請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記光源装置によって生成された前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光は、前記中心波長の約1%より大きな同調範囲を有することを特徴とする請求項47に記載の方法。
- 前記光源装置によって生成された前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光は、瞬時線幅が同調範囲よりも約10%狭い、前記瞬時線幅および前記同調範囲を有することを特徴とする請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記光源装置は、同調レーザを含むことを特徴とする請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記光源装置は、同調フィルタを含むことを特徴とする請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記光源装置は、媒質を含み、当該媒質に関連する非線形性に基づいて前記少なくとも1つの電磁放射光を生成することを特徴とする請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記周波数は、実質的に時間とともに線形に変化することを特徴とする請求項44に記載の方法。
- 前記周波数は、実質的に時間とともに正弦波状に変化することを特徴とする請求項44に記載の方法。
- 前記検出器は、前記第一および第二電磁放射光の組合せと関連付けられた光電子の伝送をゲートするように適合され、前記光電子の伝送を許可するためのゲートの時間が前記特定の電気的積分時間の約90%より短い、電気シャッタをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記検体は、生体の検体であることを特徴とする請求項33に記載の方法。
- 前記検出するステップは、少なくとも1つの電荷結合デバイスである検出装置により行うことを特徴とする請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記生成するステップは、パルス広帯域幅光源である光源装置により行うことを特徴とする請求項33に記載の方法。
- 前記検出するステップは、少なくとも1つの電荷結合デバイスを含む検出装置により行うことを特徴とする請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの第一電磁放射光、前記少なくとも1つの第二電磁放射光および前記少なくとも1つの周波数成分の組合せのスペクトルを分離するステップをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項33に記載の方法。
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WO2006039091A3 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
EP2302364A2 (en) | 2011-03-30 |
US7365859B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 |
KR101269455B1 (ko) | 2013-05-30 |
KR20070072515A (ko) | 2007-07-04 |
WO2006039091A2 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
EP2302364A3 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
USRE44042E1 (en) | 2013-03-05 |
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US20060055936A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
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