JP2008297315A - Il−6産生に起因する疾患の治療剤 - Google Patents
Il−6産生に起因する疾患の治療剤 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】インターロイキン−6レセプターに対する抗体(IL−6R抗体)を含んで成る、インターロイキン−6の産生に起因する疾患、特に悪液質又は貧血、の予防治療剤。IL−6R抗体としては、マウス、ラット等のヒト以外の動物の抗体、これらとヒト抗体との再構成ヒト抗体等が使用できる。
【選択図】なし
Description
しかしながら、インターロイキン−6レセプターに対する抗体が、インターロイキンの生産に対する疾患に対して有効であることは知られていない。
インターロイキン−6の生産に起因する疾患としては、例えばプラズマサイト−シス、例えばリウマチ、キャスルマン病(Castleman’s disease);高イムノグロブリン血症;貧血;腎炎、例えばメサンギウム増殖性腎炎;悪液質等が挙げられる。
モノクローナル抗体は、基本的には公知技術を使用し、以下のようにして作成できる。すなわち、IL−6Rを感作抗原として使用して、これを通常の免疫方法にしたがって免疫し、得られる免疫細胞を通常の細胞融合法によって公知の親細胞と融合させ、通常のスクリーニング法により、モノクローナルな抗体産生細胞をスクリーニングすることによって作成できる。
また、マウス由来の前記感作抗原としては、日本特許出願公開番号特開平3−155795に開示されたマウスIL−6Rの遺伝子配列を用い、上記ヒトIL−6Rの遺伝子配列を用いたのと同様な方法にしたがえばよい。
感作抗原で免疫される哺乳動物としては、特に限定されるものではないが、細胞融合に使用する親細胞との適合性を考慮して選択するのが好ましく、一般的にはマウス、ラット、ハムスター、ウサギ等が使用される。
前記免疫細胞と融合される他方の親細胞としての哺乳動物のミエローマ細胞は、すでに、公知の種々の細胞株、例えば、P3(P3x63Ag8.653)(J.Immunol.123:1548, 1978), p3−U1 (Current Topics in Micro-biology and Immunology 81:1-7, 1978), NS−1 (Eur.J.Immunol.6:511-519, 1976), MPC−11 (Cell, 8:405-415, 1976): SP2/0 (Nature, 276:269-270, 1978), FO (J.Immunol.Meth.35:1-21, 1980),S194 (J.Exp.Med.148:313-323, 1978), R210 (Nature, 277:131-133, 1979)等が好適に使用される。
より具体的には、前記細胞融合は例えば、細胞融合促進剤の存在下に通常の栄養培養中で実施される。融合促進剤としては例えば、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、センダイウィルス(HVJ)等が使用され、更に所望により融合効率を高めるためにジメチルスルホキシド等の補助剤を添加使用することもできる。
当該ハイブリドーマからモノクローナル抗体を取得するには、当該ハイブリドーマを通常の方法にしたがい培養し、その培養上清として得る方法、あるいはハイブリドーマをこれと適合性がある哺乳動物に移植して増殖させ、その腹水として得る方法などが採用される。前者の方法は、高純度の抗体を得るのに適しており、一方、後者の方法は、抗体の大量生産に適している。
このようにして、作成されるモノクローナル抗体は、放射免疫測定法(RIA)、酵素免疫測定法(EIA,ELISA)、蛍光抗体法(Immunofluorescence Analysis)等の通常の免疫学的手段により抗原を高感度かつ高精度で認識することを確認することができる。
本発明の予防治療剤は、好ましくは非経口的に、たとえば、静脈内注射、筋肉内注射、腹腔内注射、皮下注射等により全身あるいは局部的に投与することができる。さらに、少なくとも一種の医薬用担体または希釈剤とともに医薬組成物やキットの形態をとることができる。
参考例1. B6L d −IL−6トランスジェニックマウスの作製
H−2Ld プロモーターと連結したヒトIL−6cDNAを含有する3.3kbp のSphI−XhoI断片(Ld −IL−6)(Suematsuら、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.,86,7547,1989)を、Yamamuraら、J.Biochem.96,357,1984 に記載されている方法に従ってC57BL/6J(B6)マウス(日本クレア)からの受精卵の前核にマイクロインジェクションにより注入した。
マウス可溶性IL−6R生産性CHO細胞を Saitoら、J.Immunol.147,168-173,1991に記載されているようにして調製した。この細胞を、5%ウシ胎児血清(FBS)を含有するαMEM中で37℃にて、空気中5%CO2 の加湿雰囲気下で培養した。馴化 (conditioned)培地を回収し、そしてマウスsIL−6R調製物として使用した。培地中のマウスsIL−6Rの濃度は、サンドイッチELISAにより、モノクローナル抗マウスIL−6R抗体RS15(Saito ら、J.Immunol.147,168-173,1991)及びラビットポリクローナル抗−マウスIL−6R抗体を用いて測定した。
参考例1において作製したB6 IL−6トランスジェニックマウス(B6 IL−6
Tgm)を自家繁殖したヒトIL−6 cDNAを持つトランスジェニックマウス31匹及びヒトIL−6 cDNAを持たない正常同腹仔11匹(いずれも4週齢;雄性)を用いた。B6 IL−6 Tgmは6匹づつ5群(第1〜5群)に分け、第1群のみ7匹とした。また正常同腹仔に第6群5匹及び第7群6匹に分けた。
第1群(B6 IL−6 Tgm):4週齢(実験第1日)にラットIgG1抗体(KH5)(対照抗体)を2mg/0.2ml静脈内注射し、5週齢(実験第8日)以降、週2回づつ(3ないし、4日毎)100μgのKH5抗体を皮下注射した。
第2群(B6 IL−6 Tgm):4週齢にMR16−1抗体を2mg/0.2ml静脈内注射し、5週齢以後週2回づつ100μgのMR16−1を皮下注射した。
第4群(B6 IL−6 Tgm):4週齢に2mg/0.2mlのMR16−1を静脈内注射し、そして5週齢以降2週間ごとに400μgのMR16−1を皮下注射した。
第6群(B6 同腹仔):4週齢に対照抗体KH5を2mg/0.2ml静脈内注射し、そして5週齢以降週2回づつ100μgのKH5を皮下注射した。
第7群(B6 同腹仔):4週齢に2mg/0.2mlのMR16−1を静脈内注射し、そして5週齢以降週2回づつ100μgのMR16−1を皮下投与した。
体重および尿蛋白測定:毎週体重測定ならびに尿蛋白試験紙(Combistics三共)による尿蛋白測定を行った。尿蛋白は3+(100−300mg/dl)以上を陽性とした。
採血:実験開始時(4週齢)より隔週に眼窩静脈叢より採血を行い、実験終了時(18週齢)には後大静脈より全採血を行った。
血中hIL−6濃度測定:hIL−6特異的ELISAで測定を行った。
血中抗ラットIgG抗体価(IgG class)測定:投与抗体はマウスにとって異種抗体であるため投与抗体に対する抗体産生の有無をラットIgGを抗原としたELISAで測定を行った。測定はラット抗体を投与されたadultのIL−6 Tgm血清をstandardとし、ユニット化して表示した。
実験終了時の1,2,3,6および7群のマウスの血清について、総蛋白質(TP)、アルブミン(Alb)、グルコース(Glu)、トリグリセライド(TG)、クレアチニン(CRE)、血中尿素窒素(BUN)、カルシウム(Ca)、アルカリフォスファターゼ(ALP)、グルタミン−オキサロ酢酸トランスアミナーゼ(GOT)およびグルタミン酸−ピルビン酸トランスアミナーゼ(GPT)の各値をオートアナライザー(COBAS FARAII,Roche社)で測定した。
剖検:実験終了時に剖検を実施し、脾重量の測定ならびに主要臓器の肉眼的観察を行った。
体重:各群の体重推移を図1に示した。1群および3群では体重増加が観察された。他の群には体重変化の違いは観察されなかった。
尿蛋白:1群では13週齢より尿蛋白陽性個体が出現し(図2)、剖検時までに7匹中4匹(16週齢で2匹、17週齢で2匹)が死亡したが他の群では死亡例は観察されなかった。3群でも実験終了時までに6例中2例で尿蛋白陽性個体が出現したが、それ以外の群では認められなかった。
血中抗ラットIgG抗体価:1,3および6群ではラットIgGに対する抗体が検出された(表2)。1および3群では全例高い抗体価を示したが、6群で抗体価が上昇していたのは5匹中2匹であった。一方、その他の群では有意の上昇は観察されなかった。
次に、この実験の結果を説明する。コントロール抗体投与IL−6 Tgm(1群)では、IgG1プラズマサイト−シス、貧血、血小板増加、血小板減少、腎不全、血清生化学値の異常など多彩な病態が観察されたが、これらの発症をMR16−1はほぼ完全に抑制し得ることが明らかとなった。
Tgmでは骨髄中の顆粒球系前駆細胞と考えられるGr−1陽性細胞比率の増加および末梢好中球比率の増加が観察された。IL−6が好中球を増加させることは知られているもののその詳細な機序は未だ明らかになっていない。今回の検討でこの作用が骨髄の前駆細胞レベルですでに起こっている現象であることが判明した。ここでもMR16−1はIL−6の作用を完全に抑制し、骨髄と末梢血中の好中球レベルには影響を与えなかった。
MR16−1はラットIgG1で、マウスにとっては異種蛋白であるため投与抗体に対する抗体が産生され投与抗体が無効になることが容易に想像される。
今回の実験で、抗IL−6レセプター抗体が正常レベルには影響を与えずにIL−6産生に起因する種々の疾患に対して極めて有効であることが明らかとなった。
colon26誘導悪液質モデルに対するマウスIL−6レセプター抗体の効果を検討した。マウスは6週齢の雄性BALB/cを用い、実験開始日にcolon26の2mm角のブロックをマウスの側腹部皮下に移植した。マウスIL−6レセプター抗体MR16−1(参考例2参照)は、実験開始日のcolon26移植直前に2mg/マウスを静脈内投与し、それ以降7,11,14,18日目に0.5mg/マウスを皮下投与した(n=7)。
上記実験と同様のスケジュールで延命効果を確認する実験を行った(n=10)。その結果、MR16−1投与群では、延命効果があることが認められた(図16)。
高カルシウム血症を伴うocc−1誘導悪液質モデルに対するIL−6レセプター抗体の効果を検討した。マウスは、6週齢の雄性ヌードマウスを用い、実験開始日にヒト口腔底癌細胞株occ−1をマウスの側腹部皮下に移植した。マウスIL−6レセプター抗体MR16−1(参考例2参照)は、実験開始日のocc−1移植直前に2mg/マウスを静脈内投与し、それ以降7および10日目に100μg/マウスを皮下投与した。(n=6)。
担癌コントロール群では、体重減少が観察されたが、MR16−1投与群では非担癌コントロール群と同様の体重の推移を示し、体重減少が抑制された(図17)。
血中イオン化カルシウム濃度は、担癌コントロール群で非担癌コントロール群に比べ著明な上昇が認められたが、MR16−1投与群では上昇が強く抑制された(図18)。
Claims (5)
- インターロイキン−6レセプターに対する抗体を含んでなる、悪液質の予防または治療剤。
- インターロイキン−6レセプターに対する抗体を含んでなる、貧血の予防または治療剤。
- 前記抗体が、モノクローナル抗体である、請求項1または2に記載の予防または治療剤。
- 前記抗体が、再構成ヒト抗体である、請求項3に記載の予防または治療剤。
- 前記抗体が、再構成ヒトPM-1抗体である、請求項4に記載の予防または治療剤。
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