JP2004255564A - 硬化性作用基で表面修飾されたカーボンナノチューブを用いたパターン薄膜形成方法および高分子複合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
硬化性作用基で表面修飾されたカーボンナノチューブを用いたパターン薄膜形成方法および高分子複合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- AANIRNIRVXARSN-UHFFFAOYSA-M trifluoromethanesulfonate;trimethylsulfanium Chemical compound C[S+](C)C.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F AANIRNIRVXARSN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZZJNLOGMYQURDL-UHFFFAOYSA-M trifluoromethanesulfonate;tris(4-methylphenyl)sulfanium Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.C1=CC(C)=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 ZZJNLOGMYQURDL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- VMJFYMAHEGJHFH-UHFFFAOYSA-M triphenylsulfanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=CC=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VMJFYMAHEGJHFH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- MBYLVOKEDDQJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-aminoethyl)amine Chemical compound NCCN(CCN)CCN MBYLVOKEDDQJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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Abstract
【解決手段】 カーボンナノチューブの表面に陽イオン重合に参加することが可能なオキシラン基又はアンハイドライド基を導入し、前記カーボンナノチューブを光酸発生剤又は光塩基発生剤と共に有機溶媒に分散させ、基材上にコーティングした後、フォトマスクを介してUVに露光させ、露光部でカーボンナノチューブの陽イオン重合を誘発した後、非露光部を現像液で除去することにより、カーボンナノチューブのネガティブパターンを形成する。また、カーボンナノチューブを熱硬化剤と共に有機溶媒に分散させ、基材上にコーティングした後、熱硬化させてカーボンナノチューブ高分子複合体を製造する。
【選択図】 なし
Description
Saito. et. al.; Phys.Rev. B46, 1804(1992) Hamada et. al.; Phys.Rev.Lett.68, 1579(1992) Zhongfan Liu et.Lanmuir(2000) 16:3569 Smalley et. Chemical Physics Letters(1999) 303:125 Windle et. al.; Adv. Mater. (1992) 11:937 Zhongfan Liu et. al.; Chem. Mater. (2000) 12:1049
(a)下記化学式1で表わされるオキシラン基で表面修飾されたカーボンナノチューブ及び/又は下記化学式2〜7のいずれか一つで表わされるアンハイドライド基で表面修飾されたカーボンナノチューブを、光酸発生剤及び/又は光塩基発生剤と共に有機溶媒に分散させてコーティング液を製造する工程、
(c)前記フィルムを所望のパターンのフォトマスクを介して紫外線で露光させ、露光部において前記カーボンナノチューブの光重合反応を誘発する工程、
(d)前記露光したフィルムを有機現像液で現像することにより、前記フィルムの非露光部を除去してカーボンナノチューブのネガティブパターンを得る工程
(a)下記化学式1で表わされるオキシラン基で表面修飾されたカーボンナノチューブ及び/又は下記化学式2〜7のいずれか一つで表わされるアンハイドライド基で表面修飾されたカーボンナノチューブを、1種以上の熱硬化剤と共に有機溶媒に分散させてコーティング液を製造する工程、
(a)まず、カルボキシル化されたカーボンナノチューブを、DMF、4−ヒドロキシ−4−メチル−2−ペンタノン(4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone)、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル(Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether)、2−メトキシエタノール(2-Methoxyethanol)などの有機溶媒に添加し、超音波処理(ultrasonication)によってカーボンナノチューブ粒子を均一に分散させる。
(b)その後、オキシラン基またはアンハイドライド基の導入を容易にするための目的で、カーボンナノチューブの表面にあるカルボキシ基のヒドロキシ末端をクロリンで置換するため、前記分散液にチオニルクロライドを添加して60〜80℃で20〜30時間十分撹拌する。
(c)反応終了後、反応混合物を無水THFで希釈した後、遠心分離して茶色の浮遊溶液を注ぎ捨てる。その後、沈澱物のみを再び無水THFで数回洗浄して精製した後、残っている黒色の固体を室温で減圧乾燥させ、クロリンの置換されたカーボンナノチューブを得る。
(d)次に、前記クロリン置換カーボンナノチューブを、クロロホルム、ジメチルホルムアミドなどの有機溶媒に分散させた後、
(d−1)ピリジンのような塩基触媒の存在下に、グリシドールのようなオキシラン化合物と30〜60時間還流反応させることにより、オキシラン基が表面に導入されたカーボンナノチューブを得る。
あるいは
(d−2)分子の一端にヒドロキシ基を有するジメチルエステル誘導体と反応させ、ジメチルエステル基で置換されたカーボンナノチューブを先に得た後、前記ジメチルエステル基で置換されたカーボンナノチューブを水酸化ナトリウムの存在下に水と反応させてジカルボン酸を生成し、その後、縮合反応を行い、最終的にアンハイドライド基が表面に導入されたカーボンナノチューブを得る。
(e)反応終了後、未反応物はメタノールまたは適当な溶媒で数回洗浄して除去する。 このとき、カーボンナノチューブの表面に置換された作用基の存在は、ラマンスペクトルで容易に確認することができる。
(N-methylphenothiazine)、イソプロピルチオキサントン(isopropylthioxanthone)などを使用することもできる。
100mgのカーボンナノチューブ(商品名ILJIN CNT AP-Grade、イルジンナノテック、韓国)を、還流管付き500mlのフラスコ内で50mlの蒸留水を用いて100℃で12時間還流させた。次に、フィルタによって濾過された物質を60℃で12時間乾燥させた後、トルエンで残留フラーレンを洗い出した。残っている煤状の物質をフラスコから回収して470℃の加熱炉で20分間加熱した後、最後に、6Mの塩酸で洗浄することにより、金属成分が全て除去された純粋なカーボンナノチューブを得た。
前記製造例1で得られた純粋なカーボンナノチューブを、硝酸:硫酸=7:3(v/v)の混合酸溶液を入れたソニケータで24時間還流させた。得られた溶液を0.2μmのポリカーボネートフィルタで濾過した。次に、濾過物を硝酸に浸漬して90℃で45時間還流させた後、12,000rpmで遠心分離して得た上澄液を0.1μmのポリカーボネートフィルタで濾過し、得られた濾過物を60℃で12時間乾燥させた。乾燥したカーボンナノチューブをDMFに分散させた後、再び0.1μmのポリカーボネートフィルタで濾過して選別した。
前記製造例2で得られた、表面にカルボキシル基が導入されたカーボンナノチューブ0.03gを、内部が火炎乾燥(flame dry)された2ネックシュレンクフラスコ(2-neck Schrenk flask)内で、窒素雰囲気下、20mlのDMF中で1時間超音波処理して均一に分散させた後、チオニルクロライド20mlを添加し、さらに70℃で24時間程度撹拌して反応させた。反応終了後、反応混合物を無水THFで希釈し、その後、遠心分離して茶色の浮遊溶液を注ぎ捨てた。次に、残っているペレットを、さらに無水THFで3回繰り返し洗浄して精製した。残っている黒色の固体を室温で減圧乾燥させて、表面にアセチルクロライド基が導入されたカーボンナノチューブを得た。
前記製造例3で得られた、表面にアセチルクロライド基が導入されたカーボンナノチューブ40mgを、クロロホルム20mlに入れて30分間超音波処理して分散させた後、ピリジン4mlとグリシドール1mlを順次添加し、還流条件の下で48時間程度撹拌して反応させた。反応終了後、反応混合物をメタノールで数回洗浄して未反応のグリシドールを除去し、残っている黒色の固体を室温で減圧乾燥させ、表面にグリシジルエーテル基が導入されたカーボンナノチューブを得た。
前記製造例3で得られた、表面にアセチルクロライド基が導入されたカーボンナノチューブ40mgを、ジメチルクロロホルムアミド2mlに入れて超音波処理で分散させた後、ピリジン10mlと4−ヒドロキシフタル酸ジメチルエステル2gを順次添加し、70℃で18時間程度撹拌して反応させた。反応終了後、反応混合物を蒸留水で数回洗浄した。さらに残っている黒色の固体にアセトン20mlと、0.2gの水酸化ナトリウムが溶解している蒸留水10mlを順次添加した後、60℃で18時間程度撹拌して反応させた。反応終了後、希塩酸水溶液、蒸留水およびエチルアセテートで数回洗浄し、室温で減圧乾燥させた。乾燥した固体に酢酸5mlと無水酢酸5mlを加え、125℃で8時間程度反応させた後、メタノールで数回洗浄して未反応物を除去し、室温で減圧乾燥させ、表面にアンハイドライド基が導入されたカーボンナノチューブを得た。
前記製造例4で得られた、オキシラン基で表面修飾されたカーボンナノチューブを用いて、次の組成で光硬化用コーティング液を製造した。
製造例4で得られたカーボンナノチューブ 0.1g
光酸発生剤(トリフェニルスルホニウムペンタフルオロアルセネート) 0.001g
溶媒(DMF) 3g
前記製造例4で得られた、オキシラン基で表面修飾されたカーボンナノチューブを用いて次の組成で光硬化用コーティング液を製造した。
製造例4で得られたカーボンナノチューブ 0.1g
光酸発生剤(トリフェニルスルホニウムトリフルオロメタンスルホネート)
0.0005g
光酸発生剤(1−ジアゾ−1−ベンゼンスルホニル−3,3−ジメチル−2−ブタノンン) 0.0005g
溶媒(DMF) 2g
溶媒(メトキシプロピルアセテート) 1g
前記製造例4で得られた、オキシラン基で表面修飾されたカーボンナノチューブを用いて次の組成で光硬化用コーティング液を製造した。
製造例4で得られたカーボンナノチューブ 0.01g
高分子バインダー(ポリスチレン、分子量5000) 0.15g
光酸発生剤(トリフェニルスルホニウムトリフルオロメタンスルホネート)
0.0005g
光酸発生剤(1−ジアゾ−1−ベンゼンスルホニル−3,3−ジメチル−2−ブタノンン) 0.0005g
溶媒(DMF) 1.5g
溶媒(メトキシプロピルアセテート) 1g
溶媒(トルエン) 0.5g
前記製造例4で得られた、オキシラン基で表面修飾されたカーボンナノチューブを用いて次の組成で光硬化用コーティング液を製造した。
製造例4で得られたカーボンナノチューブ 0.01g
高分子バインダー
(ポリビニルアルコール、分子量6000、加水分解80%) 0.15g
光塩基発生剤(トリメチルベンズヒドリルアンモニウムトリフラート) 0.001g
溶媒(DMF) 1.5g
溶媒(メトキシプロピルアセテート) 1g
前記製造例5で得られた、アンハイドライド基で表面修飾されたカーボンナノチューブを用いて次の組成で光硬化用コーティング液を製造した。
製造例5で得られたカーボンナノチューブ 0.01g
高分子バインダー(ポリスチレン、分子量5000) 0.15g
光酸発生剤(トリフェニルスルホニウムトリフルオロメタンスルホネート)
0.0005g
光酸発生剤(1−ジアゾ−1−ベンゼンスルホニル−3,3−ジメチル−2−ブタノンン) 0.0005g
溶媒(DMF) 1.5g
溶媒(メトキシプロピルアセテート) 1g
前記製造例5で得られた、アンハイドライド基で表面修飾されたカーボンナノチューブを用いて次の組成で光硬化用コーティング液を製造した。
製造例5で得られたカーボンナノチューブ 0.01g
高分子バインダー(ポリスチレン、分子量5000) 0.15g
光酸発生剤(2,2',4,4'−テトラ(2,2,2−トリフルオロエタンスルホニルオキシ)ベンゾフェノン) 0.001g
光増感剤(イソプロピルチオキサントン) 0.0002g
溶媒(DMF) 1.5g
溶媒(メトキシプロピルアセテート) 1g
前記製造例4と製造例5でそれぞれ得られた、オキシラン基とアンハイドライド基で表面修飾されたカーボンナノチューブを混合使用して、次の組成で光硬化用コーティング液を調製した。
製造例4で得られたカーボンナノチューブ 0.01g
製造例5で得られたカーボンナノチューブ 0.01g
高分子バインダー(ポリビニルアルコール、分子量6,000、加水分解80%)
0.3g
光酸発生剤(1,2,3−トリス(p−フルオロベンゼンスルホニルオキシ)ベンゼン) 0.001g
溶媒(DMF) 2.5g
溶媒(メトキシプロピルアセテート) 1g
前記製造例4で得られた、オキシラン基で表面修飾されたカーボンナノチューブを用いて、次の組成で光硬化用のコーティング液を調製し、このコーティング液を用いてフィルムキャスティングを行った。
製造例4で得られたカーボンナノチューブ 0.01g
高分子バインダー(ポリスチレン、分子量5000) 1g
硬化剤(エチレンジアミン) 0.002g
溶媒(トルエン) 9g
溶媒(DMF) 1g
次の組成でコーティング液を製造したことを除いては、前記実施例8と同様にして、フィルムキャスティングによって試片を作成して、その機械的物性を測定した(参照:表1)。
製造例4で得られたカーボンナノチューブ 0.02g
高分子バインダー(ポリスチレン、分子量5000) 1g
硬化剤(エチレンジアミン) 0.002g
溶媒(トルエン) 9g
溶媒(DMF) 1g
次の組成でコーティング液を製造したことを除いては、前記実施例8と同様にして、フィルムキャスティングによって試片を作成して、その機械的物性を測定した(参照:表1)。
製造例4で得られたカーボンナノチューブ 0.05g
高分子バインダー(ポリスチレン、分子量5000) 1g
硬化剤(エチレンジアミン) 0.002g
溶媒(トルエン) 9g
溶媒(DMF) 1g
次の組成でコーティング液を製造したことを除いては、前記実施例8と同様にして、フィルムキャスティングによって試片を作成して、その機械的物性を測定した(参照:表1)。
製造例2で得られたカーボンナノチューブ 0.01g
高分子バインダー(ポリスチレン、分子量5000) 1g
硬化剤(エチレンジアミン) 0.002g
溶媒(トルエン) 9g
溶媒(DMF) 1g
次の組成でコーティング液を製造したことを除いては、前記実施例8と同様にして、フィルムキャスティングによって試片を作成し、その機械的物性を測定した(参照:表1)。
製造例2で得られたカーボンナノチューブ 0.02g
高分子バインダー(ポリスチレン、分子量5000) 1g
硬化剤(エチレンジアミン) 0.002g
溶媒(トルエン) 9g
溶媒(DMF) 1g
次の組成のコーティング液を製造したことを除いては、前記実施例8と同様にして、フィルムキャスティングによって試片を作成し、その機械的物性を測定した(参照:表1)。
製造例2で得られたカーボンナノチューブ 0.05g
高分子バインダー(ポリスチレン、分子量5000) 1g
硬化剤(エチレンジアミン) 0.002g
溶媒(トルエン) 9g
溶媒(DMF) 1g
Claims (16)
- 次の工程を含むカーボンナノチューブのネガティブパターン形成方法。
(a)下記化学式1で表わされるオキシラン基で表面修飾されたカーボンナノチューブ及び/又は下記化学式2〜7のいずれか一つで表わされるアンハイドライド基で表面修飾されたカーボンナノチューブを、光酸発生剤及び/又は光塩基発生剤と共に有機溶媒に分散させてコーティング液を製造する工程、
(c)前記フィルムを所望のパターンのフォトマスクを介して紫外線で露光させ、露光部において前記カーボンナノチューブの光重合反応を誘発する工程、
(d)前記露光したフィルムを有機現像液で現像することにより、前記フィルムの非露光部を除去してカーボンナノチューブのネガティブパターンを得る工程。 - 前記コーティング液が、カーボンナノチューブを3〜95質量%含み、さらに光酸発生剤および光塩基発生剤から選ばれる少なくとも1種をカーボンナノチューブ100質量部当たり0.1〜15質量部含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のカーボンナノチューブのネガティブパターン形成方法。
- 前記コーティング液が、2−エチル−9,10−ジメトキシアントラセン、9,10−ジクロロアントラセン、1−クロロアントラセン、2−メチルアントラセン、9−メチルアントラセン、2−t−ブチルアントラセン、アントラセン、1,2−ベンズアントラセン、1,2,3,4−ジベンズアントラセン、1,2,5,6−ジベンズアントラセン、1,2,7,8−ジベンズアントラセン、9,10−ジメトキシジメチルアントラセン、2−エチル−9,10−ジメトキシアントラセン、N−メチルフェノチアジン、イソプロピルチオキサントンからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の光増感剤を、カーボンナノチューブ100質量部当たり0.3〜2質量部の割合でさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のカーボンナノチューブのネガティブパターン形成方法。
- 前記コーティング液で用いる有機溶媒が、DMF、4−ヒドロキシ−4−メチル−2−ペンタノン、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、2−メトキシエタノール、メトキシプロピルアセテート、エチル−3−エトキシプロピオネート及びシクロヘキサノンからなる群より選ばれる1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のカーボンナノチューブのネガティブパターン形成方法。
- 前記コーティング液が、アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、フェニルアミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン、グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、イソシアナートプロピルトリエトキシシラン、イソプロピルトリイソステアロイルチタネート及びアセトアルコキシアルミニウムジイソプロピレートからなる群より選ばれる1種以上のカップリング剤を、カーボンナノチューブの100質量部当たり0.1〜10質量部の割合でさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のカーボンナノチューブのネガティブパターン形成方法。
- 前記コーティング液が、前記オキシラン基含有モノマ、前記オキシラン基含有モノマのオリゴマーおよびそのポリマー、ならびに前記アンハイドライド基含有モノマおよびそのポリマーよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を、カーボンナノチューブ100質量部当り1〜95質量部の割合で、さらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のカーボンナノチューブのネガティブパターン形成方法。
- 前記コーティング液が、ポリエステル、ポリカーボネート、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリアセタール、ポリアリレート、ポリアミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリフェニレンエーテル、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリフタルアミド、ポリエーテルニトリル、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリベンズイミダゾール、ポリカルボジイミド、ポリシロキサン、ポリメチルメタクリラート、ポリメタクリルアミド、ニトリルゴム、アクリルゴム、ポリエチレンテトラフルオライド、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ウレア樹脂、ポリブテン、ポリペンテン、エチレン−プロピレン共重合体、エチレン−ブテン−ジエン共重合体、ポリブタジエン、ポリイソプレン、エチレン−プロピレン−ジエン共重合体、ブチルゴム、ポリメチルペンテン、ポリスチレン、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、水素添加(hydrogenated)スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、水素添加ポリイソプレン及び水素添加ポリブタジエンの中から選ばれる1種以上の高分子バインダーを、カーボンナノチューブ100質量部当たり1〜30質量部の割合でさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のカーボンナノチューブのネガティブパターン形成方法。
- 前記(c)工程の露光後、前記露光したフィルムを後硬化させる工程をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のカーボンナノチューブのネガティブパターン形成方法。
- 前記請求項1に記載の方法により製造されたカーボンナノチューブのネガティブパターン。
- 前記コーティング液が、カーボンナノチューブを3〜95質量%含み、さらに熱硬化剤をカーボンナノチューブ100質量部当たり1〜35質量部含むことを特徴とする請求項10に記載のカーボンナノチューブ高分子複合体の製造方法。
- 前記コーティング液で用いる有機溶媒が、DMF、4−ヒドロキシ−4−メチル−2−ペンタノン、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、2−メトキシエタノール、メトキシプロピルアセテート、エチル−3−エトキシプロピオネート及びシクロヘキサノンからなる群より選ばれる1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載のカーボンナノチューブ高分子複合体の製造方法。
- 前記コーティング液が、アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、フェニルアミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン、グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、イソシアナートプロピルトリエトキシシラン、イソプロピルトリイソステアロイルチタネート及びアセトアルコキシアルミニウムジイソプロピレートからなる群より選ばれる1種以上のカップリング剤を、カーボンナノチューブ100質量部当たり0.1〜10質量部の割合でさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項10に記載のカーボンナノチューブ高分子複合体の製造方法。
- 前記コーティング液が、オキシラン基含有モノマおよびアンハイドライド基含有モノマから選ばれる少なくとも1種と、前記オキシラン基含有モノマまたはアンハイドライド基含有モノマのオリゴマーもしくはポリマーとを、カーボンナノチューブ100質量部当り1〜95質量部の割合で、さらに含むことを特徴とするカーボンナノチューブ高分子複合体の製造方法。
- 前記コーティング液が、ポリエステル、ポリカーボネート、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリアセタール、ポリアリレート、ポリアミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリフェニレンエーテル、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリフタルアミド、ポリエーテルニトリル、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリベンズイミダゾール、ポリカルボジイミド、ポリシロキサン、ポリメチルメタクリラート、ポリメタクリルアミド、ニトリルゴム、アクリルゴム、ポリエチレンテトラフルオライド、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ウレア樹脂、ポリブテン、ポリペンテン、エチレン−プロピレン共重合体、エチレン−ブテン−ジエン共重合体、ポリブタジエン、ポリイソプレン、エチレン−プロピレン−ジエン共重合体、ブチルゴム、ポリメチルペンテン、ポリスチレン、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、水素添加(hydrogenated)スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、水素添加ポリイソプレン及び水素添加ポリブタジエンの中から選ばれる1種以上の高分子バインダーを、カーボンナノチューブ100質量部当たり1〜30質量部の割合でさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項10に記載のカーボンナノチューブ高分子複合体の製造方法。
- 前記請求項10に記載の方法により製造されたカーボンナノチューブ高分子複合体。
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN100391832C (zh) * | 2005-09-29 | 2008-06-04 | 上海交通大学 | 碳纳米管表面化学修饰的方法 |
JP2008037974A (ja) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-02-21 | Yoichiro Ito | 光変色性粒子及びその製造方法 |
JP2021041671A (ja) * | 2019-09-13 | 2021-03-18 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 複合体および複合体の製造方法 |
JP7360690B2 (ja) | 2019-09-13 | 2023-10-13 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 複合体および複合体の製造方法 |
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EP1457821B1 (en) | 2014-01-01 |
JP4270452B2 (ja) | 2009-06-03 |
CN1530404A (zh) | 2004-09-22 |
EP2166412B1 (en) | 2019-01-16 |
US20080153991A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
US7229747B2 (en) | 2007-06-12 |
US8383317B2 (en) | 2013-02-26 |
KR100947702B1 (ko) | 2010-03-16 |
JP2009093186A (ja) | 2009-04-30 |
KR20040076512A (ko) | 2004-09-01 |
US8211957B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 |
EP1457821A1 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
US20100159219A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
EP2166412A1 (en) | 2010-03-24 |
US20040265755A1 (en) | 2004-12-30 |
CN100339766C (zh) | 2007-09-26 |
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