ES2835347T3 - Método y sistema para la vaporización de una sustancia - Google Patents
Método y sistema para la vaporización de una sustancia Download PDFInfo
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- ES2835347T3 ES2835347T3 ES18214907T ES18214907T ES2835347T3 ES 2835347 T3 ES2835347 T3 ES 2835347T3 ES 18214907 T ES18214907 T ES 18214907T ES 18214907 T ES18214907 T ES 18214907T ES 2835347 T3 ES2835347 T3 ES 2835347T3
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
- A24D1/14—Tobacco cartridges for pipes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F13/00—Appliances for smoking cigars or cigarettes
- A24F13/02—Cigar or cigarette holders
- A24F13/04—Cigar or cigarette holders with arrangements for cleaning or cooling the smoke
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/18—Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes; Manufacture thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
- A24F40/40—Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
- A24F40/40—Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
- A24F40/42—Cartridges or containers for inhalable precursors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
- A24F40/40—Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
- A24F40/48—Fluid transfer means, e.g. pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
- A24F40/60—Devices with integrated user interfaces
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F42/00—Simulated smoking devices other than electrically operated; Component parts thereof; Manufacture or testing thereof
- A24F42/10—Devices with chemical heating means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F42/00—Simulated smoking devices other than electrically operated; Component parts thereof; Manufacture or testing thereof
- A24F42/60—Constructional details
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F7/00—Mouthpieces for pipes; Mouthpieces for cigar or cigarette holders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
- A61M11/04—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised
- A61M11/041—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters
- A61M11/042—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters electrical
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
- A61M11/04—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised
- A61M11/041—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters
- A61M11/048—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters with a flame, e.g. using a burner
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/0028—Inhalators using prepacked dosages, one for each application, e.g. capsules to be perforated or broken-up
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- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/06—Inhaling appliances shaped like cigars, cigarettes or pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q2/00—Lighters containing fuel, e.g. for cigarettes
- F23Q2/32—Lighters characterised by being combined with other objects
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q3/00—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
- F23Q3/002—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks using piezoelectric elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
- A24F40/20—Devices using solid inhalable precursors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/02—General characteristics of the apparatus characterised by a particular materials
- A61M2205/0266—Shape memory materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3368—Temperature
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
- Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
- Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
Abstract
Un dispositivo para fumar de mano y portátil que comprende una carcasa, un elemento de calentamiento y un aislante (24), en donde el elemento de calentamiento está encajado dentro de la carcasa con el aislante, conforme a lo cual el aislante comprende una carcasa parcialmente hueca que contiene un vacío sellado para minimizar la transferencia térmica desde el elemento de calentamiento hacia la carcasa del dispositivo para fumar de mano y portátil.
Description
DESCRIPCIÓN
Método y sistema para la vaporización de una sustancia
Antecedentes de la invención
Campo de la invención
La presente invención se refiere a mejoras en dispositivos para fumar, particularmente a artículos para fumar que emplean un cartucho de tabaco formado como una fuente para producir vapor mediante transferencia de calor al cartucho por conducción, convección y radiación para generar humo y sabor. La presente invención se refiere a dispositivos de vaporización autónomos y, más particularmente, a un dispositivo de vaporización de baja temperatura para el uso de un producto de tabaco. El dispositivo tiene un cuerpo principal alargado con una boquilla en un extremo y una carcasa tubular fijada en el otro extremo, que tiene una cámara de vaporización y un elemento de calentamiento. La boquilla y la carcasa forman una unidad unitaria.
Descripción de la técnica relacionada
Los dispositivos para fumar, tales como boquillas de cigarrillo y pipas, son bien conocidos en la técnica para proporcionar un vapor con sabor a un usuario a partir de una sustancia fumable, por motivos terapéuticos y por el placer de fumar. Sin embargo, los dispositivos existentes usados no tienen un control del calentamiento y de la combustión de los productos de tabaco. Los dispositivos tienden a producir subproductos tóxicos, bituminosos y cancerígenos que son dañinos e imparten también un sabor amargo y a quemado a la boca de un usuario.
Un problema adicional es que no hay un control de la contaminación de la mezcla de vapor inhalada con los gases de escape del elemento de calentamiento, debido a una provisión y una ubicación inapropiadas de las entradas y de las ventilaciones de salida. Típicamente, el gas de escape se usa para calentar directamente el tabaco, y esos gases contienen subproductos dañinos de una combustión incompleta.
En un esfuerzo para superar estas deficiencias, ha habido numerosos intentos de proporcionar una estructura de dispositivo y la sustancia para producir vapor para fumar que esté libre de subproductos dañinos y que proporcionaría un vapor refrescante y calmante para fumar.
Por ejemplo, la solicitud de patente US N° 2004/0237974 A1, publicada el 2 de diciembre de 2004, de Min, divulga una boquilla para cigarrillos con filtro y para puros que elimina el alquitrán y la nicotina del humo del tabaco.
La solicitud de patente US N° 2004/0031495 A1, publicada el 19 de febrero de 2004, de Steinberg, divulga una pipa de vaporización con filtro de llama, que usa una llama para vaporizar la sustancia a fumar.
La patente US N° 6.164.287, concedida el 26 de diciembre de 2000, a White, describe un dispositivo para fumar que produce humo a partir de tabaco a bajas temperaturas, sin producir subproductos dañinos.
La patente US N° 4.848.374, concedida el 18 de julio de 1989, a Chard et al., describe un dispositivo para fumar para vaporizar un precursor de aerosol, un evento que precede a la condensación al precursor de aerosol predominante por contacto con una superficie calentada, en lugar de por gases calientes al interior de la boca de un fumador.
La patente US N° 4.219.032, concedida el 26 de agosto de 1980, a Tabatznik et al., describe un dispositivo para fumar en el que el humo extraído se enfría pasándolo a través de un líquido adecuado para proporcionar humo calmante. La patente US N° 4.020.853, concedida el 3 de mayo de 1977, a Nuttall, describe una pipa para fumar realizada en material cerámico, tal como porcelana coloreada y decorada para mejorar el aspecto artístico, y también para proporcionar aire circulante para mantener la pared exterior de la pipa fría y segura para su manipulación.
La patente US N° 3.792.704, concedida el 19 de febrero de 1974, a Parker, describe un sistema para fumar tabaco de pipa, en el que la pipa y la cápsula de tabaco están diseñadas mutuamente para producir una combinación para fumar con un diseño delgado que puede fabricarse a partir de un material termoplástico a temperatura relativamente baja. [insertar el contenido de la página 2a aquí]
Sumario de la invención
La presente invención se refiere a un nuevo dispositivo para fumar
La publicación internacional WO 03/082031A1 divulga una pipa de vaporización que utiliza una llama para vaporizar sustancias a partir de materiales para fumar tales como tabaco. En la pipa descrita, el elemento de calentamiento no hace falta que esté encerrado en una carcasa de la pipa y en lugar de esto está expuesto al aire que lo rodea. Por el contrario, una carcasa de filtro, que puede tener un espacio hueco para proporcionar una conductividad térmica baja,
está situada adyacente al elemento de calentamiento y contiene un filtro de llama. según se describe en las reivindicaciones adjuntas.
La presente invención será claramente evidente tras una revisión adicional de las siguientes especificaciones y dibujos. Breve descripción de los dibujos
La Fig. 1 es una vista lateral de un dispositivo de vaporización portátil, según una realización preferida de la presente invención.
La Fig. 2 es una vista en sección de la misma realización.
La Fig. 3 es una vista en perspectiva de un elemento de calentamiento según la misma realización.
La Fig. 4 es una vista en corte de una realización alternativa según la presente invención.
La Fig. 5 es una vista detallada en sección de un cartucho de tabaco, según la realización preferida.
La Fig. 6 es una vista en perspectiva de un cartucho de tabaco, según la realización preferida.
La Fig. 7 es una vista detallada en sección de un cartucho de tabaco, según una realización alternativa.
La Fig. 8 es una vista detallada en sección de un cartucho de tabaco, según una realización alternativa.
Descripción detallada de la invención
Con referencia a la Fig. 1 y a la Fig. 2, el exterior del dispositivo 10 comprende una boquilla 11, una carcasa 12 tubular y la base 14 de un depósito 21 de butano. La boquilla es extraíble y crea un sello hermético con el interior de la carcasa. Con la boquilla extraída, se introduce un cartucho de tabaco (Fig. 5) en la cámara 15 de vaporización de un elemento 16 de calentamiento. A continuación, la boquilla se vuelve a insertar para cerrar el dispositivo.
La boquilla está realizada en un material resistente a altas temperaturas y seguro para los alimentos, tal como cerámica, vidrio o diversos plásticos resistentes a altas temperaturas, tales como resina PEI (nombre comercial Ultem). El diseño se simplifica mediante el uso de materiales resistentes a altas temperaturas, pero podrían usarse también plásticos o madera, etc., estándares, con la adición de un componente aislante que evita que llegue un calor excesivo a los labios del usuario.
Para activar el dispositivo, se tira del depósito de butano axialmente hacia el exterior, extrayéndolo parcialmente desde la carcasa. Esto inicia el flujo de butano al abrir una válvula 18 maestra y, a continuación, al activar un elemento 13 de ignición piezoeléctrico. El depósito permanece en la posición parcialmente extraída durante el tiempo de uso. Mientras la válvula maestra está abierta, el butano fluye a través de un regulador 17 térmico y al interior del carburador 20. El aire ambiente entra a la carcasa a través de una ranura 19. Un elemento de tipo venturi en el carburador arrastra el aire, provocando que se mezcle con el butano. A continuación, la mezcla fluye al interior del elemento 16 de calentamiento.
El cable del elemento de ignición está posicionado en el elemento de calentamiento. Con la chispa del elemento de ignición (inmediatamente después del inicio del flujo de gas), el gas se inflama y comienza a conducirse calor a través del elemento de calentamiento. El calor se transmite al cartucho por conducción, convección y radiación. El cartucho está conformado para llenar la cámara, con el fin de maximizar el contacto superficial para la conducción térmica. A medida que el cartucho se calienta, se genera vapor en el interior del cartucho y en el espacio inmediatamente encima del mismo. Cuando un usuario da una calada en el dispositivo, entra aire fresco a través de una entrada 22 de aire, se mezcla con el vapor y la mezcla se suministra al usuario a través del conducto 23 de inhalación. En la realización preferida, la entrada o las entradas de aire están dirigidas hacia abajo, con el fin de mejorar la extracción de vapor desde el cartucho. Podrían estar dirigidas también a lo largo de una diagonal a través de la boquilla, o lateralmente a través de la propia carcasa, encima del cartucho.
La Fig. 3 representa una vista detallada del elemento 16 de calentamiento. El elemento de calentamiento comprende una carcasa 26 térmicamente conductora y un catalizador 27. La carcasa podría estar constituida en un material, o una combinación de materiales soldados o prensados juntos. El catalizador podría ser platino o un metal o vidrio impregnado con paladio, u otro material adecuado conocido por las personas expertas en la técnica. El catalizador proporciona una combustión sin llama eficiente del butano. La ventilación 28 del elemento de calentamiento está posicionada de manera que sea visible a través de la ranura 29 del cuerpo, tal como se muestra en la Fig. 1. Esto permite que el usuario vea el catalizador que, cuando se calienta, puede brillar con un color rojo para indicar que el dispositivo ha sido activado.
Con referencia una vez más a la Fig. 3, el regulador 17 térmico está adyacente al elemento de calentamiento y en contacto térmico íntimo con el mismo. A medida que aumenta la temperatura del elemento de calentamiento, también lo hace la del regulador. El regulador está diseñado para restringir el flujo de butano a medida que aumenta la temperatura, creando de esta manera un bucle de realimentación. En la realización preferida, el regulador consiste en una tira 60 bimetálica y un tubo 61 de silicona, que es el conducto del butano. Los dos están dispuestos de manera que a medida que la tira bimetálica se calienta, se curva para pinzar el tubo de silicona y restringir de esta manera el flujo de butano. El flujo reducido de butano resulta en menos calor generado. Posteriormente, el elemento de calentamiento se enfría y también lo hace el regulador, permitiendo de nuevo que circule más butano. El resultado global es que se establece una temperatura de funcionamiento estable en el elemento de calentamiento. Dicho sistema puede ajustarse fácilmente para conseguir una temperatura de funcionamiento que varía menos de 2,8 grados Celsius.
El regulador comprende además una placa 62 posterior móvil que permite la capacidad de ajuste de la temperatura de funcionamiento mediante el ajuste de la temperatura a la que el actuador bimetálico cierra la válvula del tubo. Esto debe realizarse una vez durante la fabricación, para calibrar el dispositivo. En realizaciones alternativas, podría usarse un medio de control que permita que la temperatura objetivo del dispositivo cambie durante el funcionamiento.
En la realización preferida, el regulador comprende, en parte, una tira bimetálica y una válvula de tubo de silicona. En las realizaciones alternativas, el regulador podría estar compuesto por otros materiales y configuraciones, tal como se describe más adelante.
Con el propósito de vaporizar la mayoría de las plantas medicinales en este dispositivo, la temperatura de funcionamiento deseada es menor de 204,4aC; preferiblemente menor de 176,7°C.
En la realización preferida, el diámetro de la entrada de aire está dimensionado de manera que se impida en cierto grado la inhalación. Esto proporciona tiempo para que el aire ambiente que entra en la cámara se caliente y no afecta considerablemente a la temperatura de funcionamiento. Esto aumenta también la velocidad del aire entrante, lo que mejora la circulación y el mezclado en la cámara de vaporización. Esto crea también un vacío parcial, bajando la temperatura del punto de vapor para el material contenido en la cámara de vaporización. La reducción en la tasa de aspiración puede servir también para dar la impresión de dar caladas a un cigarrillo o a una pipa. Tanto la entrada de aire fresco como el conducto de inhalación pueden ajustarse para proporcionar una tasa de aspiración apropiada para la temperatura de funcionamiento del dispositivo, y la percepción deseada para el usuario.
Una vez consumido el cartucho, el dispositivo se apaga empujando el depósito de nuevo al interior de la carcasa, cerrando la válvula maestra. El cartucho de tabaco gastado se extrae abriendo el dispositivo y dando la vuelta al cuerpo. En la realización preferida, el cartucho simplemente se cae. En las realizaciones alternativas, podría usarse un mecanismo para extraer rápido y fácilmente el cartucho. Este mecanismo podría incluir, pero no requiere, el uso de un pasador o una parte deslizante para expulsar el cartucho cuando otra parte del dispositivo es desplazada o extraída. El mecanismo de extracción podría implicar también la introducción de un objeto extraño.
En una realización alternativa, la boquilla está fijada de manera permanente al cuerpo. En ese caso, podría accederse a la cámara de vaporización accionando una puerta deslizante o articulada, o medios similares, incorporados en el dispositivo.
El elemento de calentamiento del dispositivo está encajado en el interior de la carcasa con un aislante 24. El aislante podría estar realizado en PEI (nombre comercial Ultem), cerámica u otro material aislante. El aislante sirve para minimizar la transferencia térmica desde el elemento de calentamiento a la carcasa, mientras crea un sello hermético al aire. El sello evita que los gases de escape producidos por el elemento de calentamiento entren a la cámara de vaporización. Por el contrario, los gases de escape se ventilan hacia el exterior desde las ranuras de la carcasa. Debido a que la entrada de aire está alejada de las ranuras, no existe sustancialmente contaminación de la mezcla de vapor inhalada por los gases de escape del elemento de calentamiento.
En una realización alternativa, el aislante podría ser una carcasa parcialmente hueca, que contiene un vacío sellado. En otra realización, el elemento de calentamiento podría sellarse directamente a la carcasa mediante recocido en un horno de vacío, con el fin de crear un vacío entre los dos y obviar la necesidad de un componente aislante.
En la realización preferida, el depósito está realizado en un material translúcido. Esto permite al usuario determinar el nivel de combustible restante mirando a la base del depósito.
En la realización preferida, la carcasa está realizada en un material que es o bien un buen conductor térmico (tal como aluminio) o bien uno malo (tal como cerámica). En ambos casos, el efecto es que el cuerpo permanece lo suficientemente frío como para tocar sobre una gran parte de su superficie.
En la realización preferida, se usa un actuador bimetálico en el regulador. En realizaciones alternativas, podría usarse un actuador de aleación con memoria de forma, tal como aleaciones de níquel-titanio ("Nitinol"). De manera alternativa,
podría emplearse un componente lleno de parafina que se expande y se contrae para modular el flujo de butano. De manera alternativa, podría emplearse un sistema para medir la temperatura actual, por ejemplo, con un sensor de tipo termopar, y compararla con una temperatura prescrita, por ejemplo, con un microcontrolador, y controlando una válvula electromecánica, por ejemplo, una servoválvula o una válvula de solenoide. En una realización con temperatura seleccionada por el usuario, tal como se ha descrito anteriormente, la temperatura seleccionada podría usarse como una entrada a este sistema.
En la realización preferida, se usa un regulador térmico. En una realización alternativa, el dispositivo está construido sin un elemento de regulación activo. Esto podría resultar en una menor complejidad y una reducción del coste total del dispositivo. En este caso, el flujo de butano se ajusta a un nivel bajo. Durante el uso, la temperatura en el interior de la cámara aumenta hasta un punto de equilibrio, donde el calor adicional introducido es igual al calor perdido al entorno. El calor se pierde por conducción a través del cuerpo del dispositivo, y con el vapor suministrado al usuario. Este punto de equilibrio determina la temperatura de funcionamiento del dispositivo. Cambiando el caudal de butano, el tamaño y el material del quemador, y otros factores, el sistema puede calibrarse para proporcionar una temperatura de funcionamiento deseada bastante estable.
La ventaja principal de los métodos con bucle de realimentación con regulador bimetálico preferidos con respecto al método de equilibrio es que la temperatura de funcionamiento no depende de factores medioambientales tales como la temperatura ambiente y el viento.
En la realización preferida, se usa un elemento de ignición piezoeléctrico. Podrían usarse otros elementos de ignición, tales como, un encendedor de piedra o una bobina resistiva alimentada con baterías.
En la realización preferida, el depósito de butano se supone que es rellenable y tiene un puerto 25 para este propósito. Como una realización alternativa, el depósito podría ser desechable una vez que se agota su combustible. Se emplearía un mecanismo de liberación, tal como un pasador o una leva, que permite al usuario extraer rápidamente el depósito agotado y reemplazarlo por uno lleno. El depósito reemplazable podría incluir partes adicionales del dispositivo, incluyendo el elemento de ignición y el elemento de calentamiento, pero que no están limitadas a los mismos. El butano es la fuente de combustible preferida, pero podría reemplazarse por otros combustibles líquidos, tales como etanol.
En realizaciones alternativas de la presente invención, podrían usarse diversos medios de realimentación para indicar los siguientes estados o métricas del dispositivo: 1) el dispositivo está encendido, 2) la temperatura actual de la cámara de vaporización, 3) la cámara está por debajo de una temperatura de funcionamiento prescrita, 4) la cámara ha alcanzado una temperatura de funcionamiento prescrita y el vapor está listo para su consumo, y 5) la cámara ha excedido una temperatura de funcionamiento prescrita.
Los medios de la realimentación incluyen implementaciones tanto físicas como electrónicas. Las posibilidades incluyen una pintura termocromática, unos diodos emisores de luz y una pantalla de cristal líquido. Los medios de detección y de control para la realimentación electrónica podrían implementarse haciendo uso de un termopar y un microcontrolador, tal como conocen las personas expertas en la técnica.
Los elementos activos contenidos en las plantas medicinales se vaporizan a temperaturas diferentes. En la realización preferida, el dispositivo está calibrado para establecer una única temperatura estable, destinada a vaporizar solamente tabaco o solamente camomila, por ejemplo. En realizaciones alternativas, se usarían unos medios de control para seleccionar una diversidad de ajustes de temperatura. El usuario elegiría el ajuste en base al tipo de cartucho usado. Los medios de control podrían conseguir una temperatura deseada mecánicamente, tal como cambiando el caudal de la válvula, o electrónicamente, tal como mediante una válvula electromecánica y un microcontrolador intermedios.
Se ha descubierto que el butano es la fuente de combustible con mayor densidad de energía y la más práctica. En realizaciones alternativas de la invención, el sistema de calentamiento con butano se reemplaza por un elemento de calentamiento eléctrico alimentado con baterías u otra fuente de calor compacta.
La Fig. 4 representa una vista en corte de una realización alternativa que se asemeja más estrechamente a una forma de pipa tradicional. En esta realización, el dispositivo conserva todos los elementos críticos de la realización preferida. El usuario inserta un cartucho 40 de tabaco, bajo una pieza 41 superior deslizante, donde el cartucho se acopla con el elemento 42 de calentamiento. El combustible contenido en el depósito 43 se libera girando una perilla 44 para abrir una válvula 45 maestra. El combustible se desplaza a través del regulador 51 y, a continuación, a través del carburador 46, donde introduce aire a través del puerto 47 de admisión y se cataliza de manera similar a la de la realización preferida. A medida que el cartucho 40 alcanza su temperatura de funcionamiento, el usuario coloca la boquilla 48 en su boca y aspira aire a través del puerto 49 de admisión de inhalación y a través del conducto 50 de vapor, donde es enfriado previamente.
La Fig. 5 representa una vista en sección del cartucho 30 de tabaco. En la realización preferida, consiste en material 31 de tabaco, encerrado en una envoltura 32, con perforaciones 33 y pocillos 34 de aireación. El cartucho envuelto
permite una inserción y una eliminación fáciles del material de tabaco sin hacerse un lío, mientras que las perforaciones permiten la liberación del vapor formado. Cuando el cartucho se agota, puede desecharse fácilmente en su totalidad.
En este caso, el tabaco o el material de tabaco se define como cualquier combinación de material natural y sintético que pueda ser vaporizada por placer o para uso medicinal. Como un ejemplo, se preparó un cartucho de ensayo como una realización de la presente invención usando tabaco curado al humo, glicerina y saborizantes. Las personas expertas en la técnica de la fabricación de productos de tabaco están familiarizadas con estos y con otros ingredientes usados para cigarrillos, puros y similares. El cartucho de ensayo se produjo cortando tabaco en trozos finos (menores de 3 mm de diámetro, preferiblemente menores de 2 mm), añadiendo los otros ingredientes y mezclando hasta que se consiguió una consistencia uniforme.
En la realización preferida, el cartucho es principalmente cilíndrico. En otras realizaciones, la forma podría modificarse por diversas razones. Como un ejemplo, las paredes del cartucho podrían diseñarse para una inserción más fácil en la cámara de vaporización. O la parte inferior del cartucho podría poseer receptáculos que, cuando se combinan con características complementarias en la cavidad superficial de la cámara de vaporización, permitirían un mayor contacto superficial y, por consiguiente, una mejor conducción térmica.
Podría usarse cualquier material para la envoltura, siempre que cuando se caliente a la temperatura de funcionamiento, no produzca cantidades significativas de gases dañinos. La lámina de aluminio y el papel pergamino son dos ejemplos. Con los papeles, el cartucho se fabricaría con un diseño de copa plegada, similar al mostrado en la Fig. 6. Con películas o láminas metálicas, la envoltura podría prensarse o moldearse por soplado a la forma apropiada.
Durante la fabricación de la realización preferida, el cartucho se cierra en todos los lados y se perfora en la parte superior de manera que los vapores puedan emanar hacia arriba. En la etapa de perforación, o en una etapa adicional, se crearían pocillos de aireación opcionales.
En una realización alternativa, el cartucho podría estar envuelto por todos los lados, pero dejando la parte superior expuesta, tal como se muestra en la Fig. 7. Esto es posible debido a que el propósito de la envoltura es principalmente evitar que el material de tabaco toque los lados y la parte inferior de la cámara de vaporización.
En otra realización, el material para la parte superior del cartucho podría ser permeable al vapor, de manera que no se necesiten perforaciones.
En otra realización, el cartucho, tal como lo compra el usuario, no tiene aberturas, sino que se perfora antes de su inserción en el dispositivo, o tras su introducción en el dispositivo de vaporización. Esto último podría conseguirse añadiendo medios de perforación huecos a la parte de boquilla del dispositivo. Por ejemplo, el conducto de inhalación de la boquilla podría extenderse mediante un tubo hueco. Cuando la boquilla se vuelve a insertar para cerrar el dispositivo, perfora el cartucho introducido previamente y forma una trayectoria para la salida de vapor al usuario.
En la realización preferida, el material de tabaco es una mezcla homogénea. En otra realización, podría haber dos capas, tal como se muestra en la Fig. 8. La capa 35 húmeda tiene un mayor contenido de material formador de vapor que la capa 36 seca, que consiste en tabaco seco u otro material que actúa como un filtro. La capa seca sirve para prevenir que ningún líquido burbujee hacia arriba y salga del cartucho durante el calentamiento.
En otra realización del cartucho, un compartimento inferior podría consistir en su totalidad en un medio formador de vapor, tal como glicerina. Una región superior consistiría en el material de tabaco a ser vaporizado, y los dos estarían separados por un material que solo permite que el medio pase en una fase vapor o gaseosa. Gore-tex (nombre comercial) es uno de dichos materiales. Durante el uso, el vapor generado en la región inferior pasaría a través de la membrana semipermeable, volatizaría los componentes activos del tabaco, y se suministraría una mezcla de los dos al usuario tras la inhalación.
En otra realización, la consistencia del material de tabaco es tal que la envoltura no es necesaria. Esto es posible si al menos la superficie exterior del cartucho está seca y es lo suficientemente cohesiva como para no dejar depósitos en el interior del dispositivo. Dicho cartucho puede realizarse formando material de tabaco en un molde. Si la superficie resultante está excesivamente húmeda, puede secarse calentando el cartucho en un horno.
Debe entenderse que la presente invención no está limitada a las realizaciones descritas anteriormente, sino que abarca cualquiera y todas las realizaciones dentro del alcance de las siguientes reivindicaciones.
Claims (6)
1. Un dispositivo para fumar de mano y portátil que comprende
una carcasa,
un elemento de calentamiento y un aislante (24),
en donde el elemento de calentamiento está encajado dentro de la carcasa con el aislante,
conforme a lo cual el aislante comprende una carcasa parcialmente hueca que contiene un vacío sellado para minimizar la transferencia térmica desde el elemento de calentamiento hacia la carcasa del dispositivo para fumar de mano y portátil.
2. El dispositivo para fumar de mano y portátil según la reivindicación 1, en donde el elemento de calentamiento (16) está configurado para ser capaz de calentar un material (31) fumable en un cartucho (30) para generar un vapor inhalable.
3. El dispositivo para fumar de mano y portátil según la reivindicación 1, en donde el elemento de calentamiento (16) está dentro de la carcasa parcialmente hueca, y encajado en la carcasa (12), y el elemento de calentamiento (16) está configurado para ser capaz de calentar un material (31) fumable en un cartucho (30) para generar un vapor inhalable.
4. El dispositivo para fumar de mano y portátil según la reivindicación 1, que comprende, además
una cámara de vaporización que tiene una cavidad dispuesta en la misma; y
un cartucho para fumar que tiene una forma que se adapta a la cavidad de la cámara de vaporización; en el que la cámara de vaporización está en la carcasa parcialmente hueca.
5. El dispositivo para fumar de mano y portátil según la reivindicación 3, que comprende, además una cámara de vaporización que tiene una cavidad dispuesta en su interior; en donde el cartucho tiene una forma que se adapta a la cavidad de la cámara de vaporización; y la cámara de vaporización está dentro de la carcasa parcialmente hueca.
6. El dispositivo para fumar de mano y portátil según la reivindicación 5, en donde además la carcasa es una carcasa tubular; en donde la carcasa tubular comprende:
la carcasa parcialmente hueca con el aislante, que contiene el elemento de calentamiento y la cámara de vaporización.
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