CN104705793B - 物质雾化的方法和系统 - Google Patents

物质雾化的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN104705793B
CN104705793B CN201510003468.0A CN201510003468A CN104705793B CN 104705793 B CN104705793 B CN 104705793B CN 201510003468 A CN201510003468 A CN 201510003468A CN 104705793 B CN104705793 B CN 104705793B
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J·蒙西斯
A·鲍恩
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Abstract

一种用于产生并向用户口中释放无污染烟雾的吸烟装置，包括烟嘴，用于提供烟雾供用户吸入；包含容纳加热器的管状壳体，用于通过热调节器调节燃料流量使得所述加热器以基本恒定的较低温度加热发烟物质；并且还具有用于凭视觉指示装置运行的装置。

Description

物质雾化的方法和系统
本申请是于2008年1月18日进入中国国家阶段的题为“物质雾化的方法和系统”且中国申请号为200680026317.6的国际申请PCT/US2006/028039的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及吸烟装置的改进，具体涉及使用成型烟丝卷的吸烟装置，该装置通过传导、对流和辐射将热量传递至烟丝卷将该烟丝卷作为产生烟雾的来源用于吸烟和发出烟味。本发明涉及独立的雾化装置，更具体而言涉及用于利用烟草产品的低温雾化装置。所述装置具有细长主体，该细长主体的一端处具有烟嘴而在带有雾化室和加热器的另一端处具有安装好的管状壳体。烟嘴和管状壳体形成一整体单元。
背景技术
吸烟装置(例如烟斗和烟管)用于从可发烟物质中给用户提供有香味的烟雾，用于治疗和获得吸烟的愉悦，这是已公知的现有技术。但是，现有已使用的装置并不控制烟草产品的加热和燃烧。这样的装置容易产生有毒的、焦油状的和致癌的副产品，这是有害的并且会给用户的口腔带来苦涩和烧灼的口感。
另一个问题是没有对因入口和排气口的不恰当比例和位置而导致的混有加热器废气的吸入烟雾混合物的污染进行控制。通常，废气被直接用于加热烟草，而且那些气体含有不完全燃烧产生的有害副产品。
在为了克服这些缺陷的努力过程中，进行了大量的尝试以提供一种装置结构和用于产生供吸入烟雾的物质，其不产生有害副产品，并可以提供一种清凉而舒适的烟雾供吸入。
例如，在2004年12月2日公布的Min的美国专利申请2004/0237974A1中公开了一种可从烟草烟雾中去除焦油和尼古丁的过滤嘴香烟和雪茄烟斗。
在2004年2月19日公布的Steinberg的美国专利申请2004/0031495A1中公开了一种带有利用火焰对发烟物质进行雾化的火焰式滤嘴的雾化烟斗。
在2000年12月26日授权给White的美国专利6,164,287中介绍了一种在低温下从烟草中产生烟雾且不会产生有害副产品的吸烟装置。
在1989年7月18日授权给Chard等人的美国专利4,848,374中，介绍了一种对烟雾前身进行雾化的吸烟装置，这是在凝结成主流烟雾前身之前通过与加热表面接触而不是通过进入吸烟者口中的热气而发生的。
在1980年8月26日授权给Tabatznik等人的美国专利4,219,032中，介绍了一种通过使排出的烟雾经过合适的液体而冷却以产生宜人烟雾的吸烟装置。
在1977年5月3日授权给Nuttall的美国专利4,020,853中，介绍了一种由陶瓷材料例如由彩色装饰陶瓷制成以提高其艺术欣赏价值的烟斗，并且还提供循环气流以保持烟斗外壁的低温和手持的安全性。
在1974年2月19日授权给Parker的美国专利3,792,704中，介绍了一种烟斗丝吸烟系统，其中烟斗和烟丝囊彼此设计为可产生细长的可由相对低温的热塑性材料加工而成的吸烟组合。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种新的吸烟装置，包括烟嘴和壳体，壳体具有加热器、低温雾化室、燃料罐和具有控制装置的点火器，该控制装置用于在燃烧过程中通过保持工作温度在400°F以下，优选在350°F以下来维持平衡点，由此为了保持稳定的工作温度而使用热调节器来控制燃料流率。
因此，本发明的一个主要目的是提供一种由高温无毒材料，例如陶瓷、玻璃或者高温塑料例如PEI树脂(商标名Ultem)制成的烟嘴。但是，也可以使用合适的塑料或者木材等材料，不过附加需要绝热材料以避免过多的热量触及用户的嘴唇。
另外，空气入口向下设置，这样可以引入新鲜的外界空气与雾化室内产生的烟雾混合，雾化室位于可发烟物质烟丝卷上方，然后通过位于烟丝卷下方的入口从烟丝卷吸入用户口中。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种具有一定尺寸和方向以允许外界空气进入雾化室的一个或者多个空气入口，以加热发烟物质并且不影响工作温度，所述空气入口还可调节外界空气的进入速度，并以如下的速度与通过燃烧、辐射和对流在雾化室内产生的烟雾混合，使得比例吸入通道给用户提供一种烟雾是通过香烟吸入的感觉。
本发明还有另一个目的是提供一种通过绝热介质例如由PTFE、陶瓷或者其它绝热材料制成的套环与雾化室隔离的加热器，从而可以阻止加热器产生的废气进入雾化室并污染聚集在雾化室内用于吸入的烟雾。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种由导热外壳和催化剂构成的加热器，外壳可能由一种或者多种材料通过焊接或压制成型。其中，催化剂可以是铂或者钯浸渍金属或玻璃或其它合适的材料，该材料在加热时提供燃料的高效无火焰燃烧并发出红光来指示装置处于激活状态。另外，可以使用反馈回路来控制所需的温度。
优选将烟丝卷制作并成型为更容易装入加热室中的形状并紧密地装入加热室内的空腔中以提高热传导性和雾化程度。烟丝卷被成型并包装在不会产生大量有害气体的包装件中。
本发明的这些以及其它目的将通过下面说明书和附图的进一步介绍而变得很明显。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明优选实施方式的便携式雾化装置的侧视图；
图2是同一实施方式的截面图；
图3是根据同一实施方式的加热器的透视图；
图4是根据本发明的一种替代实施方式的剖视图；
图5是根据优选实施方式的烟丝卷的详细截面图；
图6是根据优选实施方式的烟丝卷的透视图；
图7是根据一种替代实施方式的烟丝卷的详细截面图；
图8是根据一种替代实施方式的烟丝卷的详细截面图。
具体实施方式
根据图1和图2，装置10的外部包括烟嘴11、管状壳体12和丁烷罐21的底座14。烟嘴是可拆下的并与壳体内部空间形成气密密封。拆下烟嘴后，将烟丝卷(图5)装入加热器16的雾化室15中。然后将烟嘴重新插回以封闭该装置。
烟嘴由高温无毒材料例如陶瓷、玻璃或者各种高温塑料例如PEI树脂(商标名Ultem)制成。通过使用高温材料，设计工作得以简化，但是也可以使用附加有绝热部件以避免任何过多的热量接触到用户嘴唇的标准塑料或者木材等材料。
为了激活该装置，轴向向外抽动丁烷罐，将其部分地从壳体移出。这将通过打开主阀18而使丁烷开始流动，并随后激活压电点火器13。丁烷罐在使用期间保持在部分移出的位置。主阀打开时，丁烷流过热调节器17，并流入汽化器20。外界空气通过槽19流入壳体。汽化器内的文丘里效应可以引入空气，使其与丁烷混合。混合物随后流入加热器16。
点火器引线位于加热器内。由点火器的火花(紧接起始气流)将气体点燃随后热量开始传遍加热器。热量通过传导、对流和辐射方式传递给烟丝卷。烟丝卷被成型为填满雾化室的形状，以最大化热传导接触面。
随着烟丝卷的加热，烟丝卷及其上方空间内立刻产生烟雾。当用户吸该装置时，新鲜空气即可经空气入口22进入，与烟雾混合，随后混合物通过吸入通道23送至用户。在优选的实施方式中，单个或多个空气入口向下设置，以改善从烟丝卷对烟雾的提取。空气入口也可以沿烟嘴对角线方向，或者沿壳体自身的侧面方向，设置在烟丝卷上方。
图3是加热器16的详细视图。加热器包括导热外壳26和催化剂27。外壳可以由单一材料或者焊接或压制在一起的多种材料构成。催化剂可以是铂或者钯浸渍金属或玻璃或其它本领域技术人员认为合适的材料。催化剂用于丁烷的高效的无火焰燃烧。加热器的通风孔28位于通过图1所示主体的槽29可见的位置。这就使得用户能够看到催化剂，在被加热时催化剂发出红光来指示装置已处于激活状态。
还是如图3所示，邻近加热器并紧密热接触的是热调节器17。随着加热器的温度升高，调节器的温度也升高。调节器设计用于在温度升高时限制丁烷的流量，从而建立起反馈回路。在优选实施方式中，调节器由双金属片60和作为丁烷管路的硅树脂管61组成。这两个部件被设置为双金属片随着加热而弯曲以挤压硅树脂管从而限制丁烷的流量。丁烷流量的减少就导致产生的热量减少。随后加热器逐渐冷却，热调节器也逐渐冷却，从而再次允许更多丁烷流动。总的结果就是在加热器中建立起稳定的工作温度。能够很容易地将该系统的工作温度调整为在小于±5°F的范围内变化。
调节器还包括可移动的挡板62，其允许通过调节双金属片致动装置关闭管阀时的温度来调节工作温度。这在制造加工时进行，以对装置进行标定。在替代实施方式中，可以使用控制装置使装置的目标温度在工作过程中变化。
在优选实施方式中，调节器部分包括双金属片和硅树脂管阀。在替代实施方式中，调节器可能还包括其它材料和结构，下文中将予以介绍。
为了实现在本装置内雾化绝大部分植物烟丝卷的目的，期望工作温度在400°F以下；优选地在350°F以下。
在优选实施方式中，空气入口直径尺寸设计为在一定程度上抑制吸入。这样可以留出进入雾化室内的外界空气的加热时间并且不会显著影响工作温度。还增加了空气进气速度从而改善了雾化室内的循环和混合效果。还产生出部分真空，降低了雾化室内材料的雾化点温度。吸入率的降低给人一种在香烟或烟斗上抽吸的感觉。新鲜空气入口和吸入通道都能够被调节，以提供适当的与本装置的工作温度对应的吸入率，和想要给用户带来的感觉。
一旦烟丝卷用尽，即可通过将燃料罐推回壳体，关闭主阀而关掉该装置。用完的烟丝卷可以通过打开并翻转该主体而倒出。在优选实施方式中，烟丝卷被简单倒出。在替代实施方式中，可以使用能够快速简便地取出烟丝卷的机构。该机构可能包括，但不是必需包括，在吸烟装置的另一部分被移动或移除的过程中使用销或者可滑动部件弹出烟丝卷。移除机构还可能涉及引入外来物体。
在一种替代实施方式中，烟嘴永久性地与主体相连。在此情况下，可以通过操作内置于装置中的滑动门或铰接门或类似装置来进入雾化室。
本装置的加热器被放入具有绝热层24的壳体中。绝热层可以由PEI(商标名Ultem)、陶瓷或其它绝热材料制成。绝热层用于在建立气密密封时最小化从加热器到壳体的热传递。密封可防止加热器产生的废气进入雾化室。废气改为从壳体槽排出。由于空气入口远离该槽，因此吸入的烟雾混合物基本不会被加热器废气污染。
在一种替换实施方式中，绝热层可以是部分中空壳体，包括密封的真空。在另一种实施方式中，通过真空炉加热的加热器可能直接被密封到壳体上，以在两者之间建立真空而不再需要绝热层部分。
在优选实施方式中，燃料罐由透明材料制成。这就允许用户通过观察燃料罐的底座来确定剩余的燃料量。
在优选实施方式中，壳体或者由导热性能良好的材料(例如铝)或由导热性能差的材料(例如陶瓷)制成。两种情况下，都可以使主体保持足够低温从而能触摸其大部分表面。
在优选实施方式中，在调节器中使用双金属致动装置。在一种替代实施方式中，可以使用成型记忆合金例如镍钛诺。或者可以使用能够膨胀和收缩以调节丁烷流量的石蜡填充部件。作为一种替代实施方式，可以使用这样一种系统，该系统例如借助热电偶传感器测量当前温度并且例如借助微控制器对当前温度和预定温度进行比较，并控制机电阀(例如伺服阀或电磁阀)。在具有用户设定温度功能的实施方式中，如上所述，设定温度可以被用作该系统的输入。
在优选实施方式中，使用热调节器。在一种替代实施方式中，装置被构造为不含有源调节部件。这样做的结果是能够降低复杂性和整套装置的成本。在此情况下，丁烷流量设为较低值。使用时，雾化室内的温度升高至引入的附加热量与损失到环境中的热量相等的平衡点为止。热量通过装置主体的传导和送至用户的烟雾而损失。该平衡点决定了装置的工作温度。通过改变丁烷流率、燃料装置的尺寸和材质以及其它因素，即可将系统标定在相当稳定的期望工作温度。
优选双金属调节器反馈回路方法相对于平衡方法的主要优势是工作温度不依赖于环境因素例如环境温度和风。
在优选实施方式中，使用压电点火器。可以使用其它的点火器，例如火石点火器或者电池驱动的电阻线圈。
在优选实施方式中，丁烷罐是可再充的，并具有用于该目的的端口25。作为一种替代实施方式，丁烷罐也可以是一旦燃料用尽后可抛弃的。可以使用释放机构例如销或者凸轮以供用户快速拆除用完的罐并替换为满载罐。可更换的罐可能包括装置的附加部件，该附加部件包括但并不限于点火器和加热器。丁烷是优选的燃料源，但是也可以用其它液体燃料，例如乙醇代替。
在本发明的替代实施方式中，可以使用各种反馈方式来指示装置的下列状态或者量度：1)装置已打开，2)雾化室的当前温度，3)雾化室低于预定的工作温度，4)雾化室已达到预定的工作温度且供吸入的烟雾已准备就绪，和5)雾化室已超过预定的工作温度。
反馈方式包括物理和电子两种实施方法。可能的方式包括热色涂料、发光二极管和液晶显示器等。电子反馈的测量和控制手段可以通过使用热电偶和微控制器实现，正如本领域技术人员已公知的那样。
植物性烟丝卷中包含的活性成分在不同温度下汽化。在优选实施方式中，装置被标定为建立单个稳定温度，用于单独雾化例如烟草或黄春菊。在替代实施方式中，可以使用能够选择多个温度设定值的控制装置。用户能够基于所用的烟丝卷类型来选择设置。控制装置能够机械地例如通过改变阀的流率或者电气地例如通过电动阀和中间微控制器来实现设定温度。
丁烷被认为是能量密度最高和最实用的燃料源。在本发明的替代实施方式中，丁烷加热系统可被电池驱动的电加热器或者其它小型热源代替。
图4示出了更类似于传统的烟斗形式的一种替代实施方式的剖视图。该实施方式中的装置保留了优选实施方式的所有重要部件。用户在可滑动顶部件41下方插入烟丝卷40，烟丝卷在此与加热器42相配。通过拨动转盘44打开主阀45以释放罐43内的燃料。燃料流过调节器51，然后流过汽化器46，在此经入口47吸入空气并以与优选实施方式相似的方式催化燃烧。烟丝卷40达到其工作温度后用户即可将烟嘴48放入口中并通过吸入进气口49和预先冷却的烟雾通道50吸入空气。
图5示出了烟丝卷30的截面图。在优选实施方式中，烟丝卷包括包在包装材料32中具有缺口33和通风口34的烟草材料31。已包装的烟丝卷能够很容易地装入并且处理烟草材料时不产生脏乱，而缺口则可以释放已成形的烟雾释放。烟丝卷用尽后能够很容易地整体处理。
这里，烟草或者烟草材料定义为能够被雾化用于愉悦或者医疗用途的天然和合成材料的组合。例如，作为本发明实施方式中的一种测试烟丝卷使用烟熏烟草、甘油和香料。烟草产品制造领域的普通技术人员熟知这些或者其它用于香烟、雪茄及类似产品的成分。测试烟丝卷的生产过程是将烟草切成小块(直径小于3mm，优选小于2mm)、加入其它成分然后混合直至达到均匀一致为止。
在优选实施方式中，烟丝卷主要是圆柱形的。在其它实施方式中，可以根据不同的原因来调整其形状。例如，烟丝卷外壁可设计成更易于装入雾化室。或者，烟丝卷底部可能具有凹槽，该凹槽当与雾化室的表面空腔上的对应特征结合时能够有更多的表面接触从而提高热传导能力。
任何在烟丝卷被加热到工作温度时不会产生大量有害气体的材料都可以用作包装材料。铝箔和羊皮纸是两个示例。使用纸可以将烟丝卷加工成叠杯样式，如图6所示。使用薄膜或者金属薄片，包装材料能够被压制或者吹塑加工成合适的形状。
在优选实施方式的加工过程中，烟丝卷被完全包装起来，并在顶部开孔以使烟雾能够向上散发。在开孔步骤中，或者在附加步骤中，可以加工出可选的通风口。
在一种替代实施方式中，烟丝卷的其它各面可能均被包装但是暴露其顶部，如图7所示。这是完全可能的，因为包装的主要目的在于防止烟草材料与雾化室的各侧面及其底部接触。
在又一种实施方式中，烟丝卷顶部的材料可能是可透过烟雾的，这样就无需开孔。
在再一种实施方式中，用户所购买的烟丝卷并没有开口，而是要在装入吸烟装置之前或者说装在雾化装置上时将其刺破。后者可以通过在吸烟装置的烟嘴上增加中空的刺孔装置来实现。例如，烟嘴的吸入通道可以延伸出一个中空管。当烟嘴被重新装回以关闭该装置时，中空管即可刺穿先前装入的烟丝卷，并形成供烟雾流出至用户的通路。
在优选实施方式中，烟草材料为均匀的混合物。在一种替代实施方式中，烟草材料可能分为两层，如图8所示。潮湿层35的成烟物质含量比干燥层36要高，干燥层36包括起到过滤器作用的干烟草或者其它材料。干燥层用于防止任何液体在加热过程中鼓泡并从烟丝卷中渗出。
在烟丝卷的一种替代实施方式中，下方隔间可能完全由成烟介质例如甘油构成。上方区域则由待雾化的烟草材料构成，且二者之间被一种仅允许介质以烟雾或者气态通过的材料隔离。Gore-tex(商标名)就是一种这样的材料。在使用过程中，在下方区域中产生的烟雾流过半渗透膜，挥发出烟草中的活性成分，随后两者的混合物通过吸入而送至用户。
在一种替代实施方式中，烟草材料的坚实度使得不再需要包装。这是完全可能的，只要烟丝卷的至少外表面足够干燥和粘连以确保不会在装置内留下残留物即可。这样的烟丝卷能够通过将烟草材料在模具内成型而制得。如果成品表面过于潮湿，可以通过烤箱加热来干燥烟丝卷。
本发明不应理解为仅限于上述的实施方式，而应理解为包括在权利要求范围内的任意以及全部的实施方式。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于产生可吸入烟雾的装置，包括：
a.加热器，其包括被构造成保持可发烟材料的雾化室，其中所述加热器被构造成加热所述雾化室和其中保持的所述可发烟材料以产生所述可吸入烟雾；以及
b.微控制器，其被构造成控制所述加热器的工作温度，
所述装置还包括烟丝卷，烟丝卷包括：
a.所述可发烟材料，其中所述烟丝卷在所有侧面封闭：以及
b.位于所述烟丝卷的顶部的穿孔，其中所述穿孔允许通过加热所述可发烟材料产生的所述可吸入烟雾离开。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述烟丝卷包括用于容纳所述可发烟材料的包装件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置，其中，所述包装件包括铝箔或纸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述烟丝卷被加热到足以雾化所述烟丝卷内容纳的所述可发烟材料的温度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述烟丝卷被加热到400°F或低于400°F的温度。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述可发烟材料包括能够被雾化用于愉悦或者医疗用途的天然和合成材料的任何组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述可发烟材料包括植物性材料。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述可发烟材料包括烟草。
9.一种用于产生可吸入烟雾的装置，所述装置包括烟丝卷，烟丝卷包括：
a.容纳在所述烟丝卷内的可发烟材料，其中所述烟丝卷在所有侧面封闭：以及
b.位于所述烟丝卷的顶部的穿孔，其中所述穿孔允许通过加热所述可发烟材料产生的所述可吸入烟雾离开。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置，其中，所述烟丝卷包括用于容纳所述可发烟材料的包装件。
11.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其中，所述包装件包括铝箔或纸。
12.根据权利要求9所述的装置，包括电加热器，电加热器包括雾化室，其中所述烟丝卷被插入所述雾化室。
13.根据权利要求12所述的装置，包括烟嘴，烟嘴包括用于将所述雾化室内产生的所述可吸入烟雾释放到使用者的吸入通道，并且其中所述吸入通道通过中空管延伸到上述雾化室内。
14.根据权利要求9所述的装置，其中，所述烟丝卷被加热到足以雾化所述烟丝卷内容纳的所述可发烟材料的温度。
15.根据权利要求9所述的装置，其中，所述烟丝卷被加热到400°F或低于400°F的温度。
16.根据权利要求9所述的装置，其中，所述可发烟材料包括能够被雾化用于愉悦或者医疗用途的天然和合成材料的任何组合。
17.根据权利要求9所述的装置，其中，所述可发烟材料包括植物性材料。
18.根据权利要求9所述的装置，其中，所述可发烟材料包括烟草。
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