CN110537737A - 具有绝热体的装置 - Google Patents

具有绝热体的装置 Download PDF

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CN110537737A
CN110537737A CN201910661487.0A CN201910661487A CN110537737A CN 110537737 A CN110537737 A CN 110537737A CN 201910661487 A CN201910661487 A CN 201910661487A CN 110537737 A CN110537737 A CN 110537737A
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J·蒙西斯
A·鲍恩
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Ewell Laboratories Ltd
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Abstract

本申请公开了一种用于产生可吸入蒸气的装置,所述装置包括:本体;在所述本体内设置的加热器,并且所述加热器被配置成加热可蒸发材料,以产生可吸入蒸气,所述加热器包含蒸发室,所述蒸发室具有配置成保持所述可蒸发材料的腔;在所述本体内的绝缘体,并且所述绝缘体被配置成将自所述加热器至所述本体的热传递最小化;嘴件,其被配置成将可吸入蒸气输送至用户;和控制器,其被配置成控制所述蒸发室的工作温度。

Description

具有绝热体的装置
本案是2006年7月18日递交的中国发明专利申请No.201510003468.0(PCT/US2006/028039)的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及吸烟装置的改进,具体涉及使用成型烟草料盒的吸烟装置,该装置通过传导、对流和辐射将热量传递至料盒将该烟草料盒作为产生烟雾的来源用于吸烟和发出烟味。本发明涉及独立的蒸发装置,更具体而言涉及用于利用烟草产品的低温蒸发装置。所述装置具有细长主体,该细长主体的一端处具有嘴件而在带有蒸发室和加热器的另一端处具有附接的管状壳体。嘴件和管状壳体形成一整体单元。
背景技术
吸烟装置(例如烟斗和烟管)用于从可发烟物质中给用户提供有香味的烟雾,用于治疗和获得吸烟的愉悦,这是已公知的现有技术。但是,现有已使用的装置并不控制烟草产品的加热和燃烧。这样的装置容易产生有毒的、焦油状的和致癌的副产品,这是有害的并且会给用户的口腔带来苦涩和烧灼的口感。
另一个问题是没有对因入口和排气口的不恰当比例和位置而导致的混有加热器废气的吸入烟雾混合物的污染进行控制。通常,废气被直接用于加热烟草,而且那些气体含有不完全燃烧产生的有害副产品。
在为了克服这些缺陷的努力过程中,进行了大量的尝试以提供一种装置结构和用于产生供吸入烟雾的物质,其不产生有害副产品,并可以提供一种清凉而舒适的烟雾供吸入。
例如,在2004年12月2日公布的Min的美国专利申请2004/0237974 A1中公开了一种可从烟草烟雾中去除焦油和尼古丁的过滤嘴香烟和雪茄烟斗。
在2004年2月19日公布的Steinberg的美国专利申请2004/0031495 A1中公开了一种带有利用火焰对发烟物质进行蒸发的火焰式滤嘴的蒸发烟斗。
在2000年12月26日授权给White的美国专利6,164,287中介绍了一种在低温下从烟草中产生烟雾且不会产生有害副产品的吸烟装置。
在1989年7月18日授权给Chard等人的美国专利4,848,374中,介绍了一种对烟雾前身进行蒸发的吸烟装置,这是在凝结成主流烟雾前身之前通过与加热表面接触而不是通过进入吸烟者口中的热气而发生的。
在1980年8月26日授权给Tabatznik等人的美国专利4,219,032中,介绍了一种通过使排出的烟雾经过合适的液体而冷却以产生宜人烟雾的吸烟装置。
在1977年5月3日授权给Nuttall的美国专利4,020,853中,介绍了一种由陶瓷材料例如由彩色装饰陶瓷制成以提高其艺术欣赏价值的烟斗,并且还提供循环气流以保持烟斗外壁的低温和手持的安全性。
在1974年2月19日授权给Parker的美国专利3,792,704中,介绍了一种烟斗丝吸烟系统,其中烟斗和烟丝囊彼此设计为可产生细长的可由相对低温的热塑性材料加工而成的吸烟组合。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种新的吸烟装置,包括嘴件和壳体,壳体具有加热器、低温蒸发室、燃料罐和具有控制装置的点火器,该控制装置用于在燃烧过程中通过保持工作温度在400°F以下,优选在350°F以下来维持平衡点,由此为了保持稳定的工作温度而使用热调节器来控制燃料流率。
因此,本发明的一个主要目的是提供一种由高温无毒材料,例如陶瓷、玻璃或者高温塑料例如PEI树脂(商标名Ultem)制成的嘴件。但是,也可以使用合适的塑料或者木材等材料,不过附加需要绝热材料以避免过多的热量触及用户的嘴唇。
另外,空气入口向下设置,这样可以引入新鲜的外界空气与蒸发室内产生的烟雾混合,蒸发室位于可发烟物质料盒上方,然后通过位于料盒下方的入口从料盒吸入用户口中。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种具有一定尺寸和方向以允许外界空气进入蒸发室的一个或者多个空气入口,以加热发烟物质并且不影响工作温度,所述空气入口还可调节外界空气的进入速度,并以如下的速度与通过燃烧、辐射和对流在蒸发室内产生的烟雾混合,使得比例吸入通道给用户提供一种烟雾是通过香烟吸入的感觉。
本发明还有另一个目的是提供一种通过绝热介质例如由PTFE、陶瓷或者其它绝热材料制成的套环与蒸发室隔离的加热器,从而可以阻止加热器产生的废气进入蒸发室并污染聚集在蒸发室内用于吸入的烟雾。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种由导热外壳和催化剂构成的加热器,外壳可能由一种或者多种材料通过焊接或压制成型。其中,催化剂可以是铂或者钯浸渍金属或玻璃或其它合适的材料,该材料在加热时提供燃料的高效无火焰燃烧并发出红光来指示装置处于激活状态。另外,可以使用反馈回路来控制所需的温度。
优选将烟草料盒制作并成型为更容易装入加热室中的形状并紧密地装入加热室内的腔中以提高热传导性和蒸发程度。料盒被成型并包装在不会产生大量有害气体的包装件中。
本发明的这些以及其它目的将通过下面说明书和附图的进一步介绍而变得很明显。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明优选实施方式的便携式蒸发装置的侧视图;
图2是同一实施方式的截面图;
图3是根据同一实施方式的加热器的透视图;
图4是根据本发明的一种替代实施方式的剖视图;
图5是根据优选实施方式的烟草料盒的详细截面图;
图6是根据优选实施方式的烟草料盒的透视图;
图7是根据一种替代实施方式的烟草料盒的详细截面图;
图8是根据一种替代实施方式的烟草料盒的详细截面图。
具体实施方式
根据图1和图2,装置10的外部包括嘴件11、管状壳体12和丁烷罐21的底座14。嘴件是可拆下的并与壳体内部空间形成气密密封。拆下嘴件后,将烟草料盒(图5)装入加热器16的蒸发室15中。然后将嘴件重新插回以封闭该装置。
嘴件由高温无毒材料例如陶瓷、玻璃或者各种高温塑料例如PEI树脂(商标名Ultem)制成。通过使用高温材料,设计工作得以简化,但是也可以使用附加有绝热部件以避免任何过多的热量接触到用户嘴唇的标准塑料或者木材等材料。
为了激活该装置,轴向向外抽动丁烷罐,将其部分地从壳体移出。这将通过打开主阀18而使丁烷开始流动,并随后激活压电点火器13。丁烷罐在使用期间保持在部分移出的位置。主阀打开时,丁烷流过热调节器17,并流入汽化器20。外界空气通过槽19流入壳体。汽化器内的文丘里效应可以引入空气,使其与丁烷混合。混合物随后流入加热器16。
点火器引线位于加热器内。由点火器的火花(紧接起始气流)将气体点燃随后热量开始传遍加热器。热量通过传导、对流和辐射方式传递给料盒。料盒被成型为填满蒸发室的形状,以最大化热传导接触面。
随着料盒的加热,烟丝卷及其上方空间内立刻产生烟雾。当用户吸该装置时,新鲜空气即可经空气入口22进入,与烟雾混合,随后混合物通过吸入通道23送至用户。在优选的实施方式中,单个或多个空气入口向下设置,以改善从料盒对蒸气/烟雾的提取。空气入口也可以沿嘴件对角线方向,或者沿壳体自身的侧面方向,设置在料盒上方。
图3是加热器16的详细视图。加热器包括导热外壳26和催化剂27。外壳可以由单一材料或者焊接或压制在一起的多种材料构成。催化剂可以是铂或者钯浸渍金属或玻璃或其它本领域技术人员认为合适的材料。催化剂用于丁烷的高效的无火焰燃烧。加热器的通风孔28位于通过图1所示主体的槽29可见的位置。这就使得用户能够看到催化剂,在被加热时催化剂发出红光来指示装置已处于激活状态。
还是如图3所示,邻近加热器并紧密热接触的是热调节器17。随着加热器的温度升高,调节器的温度也升高。调节器设计用于在温度升高时限制丁烷的流量,从而建立起反馈回路。在优选实施方式中,调节器由双金属片60和作为丁烷管路的硅树脂管61组成。这两个部件被设置为双金属片随着加热而弯曲以挤压硅树脂管从而限制丁烷的流量。丁烷流量的减少就导致产生的热量减少。随后加热器逐渐冷却,热调节器也逐渐冷却,从而再次允许更多丁烷流动。总的结果就是在加热器中建立起稳定的工作温度。能够很容易地将该系统的工作温度调整为在小于±5°F的范围内变化。
调节器还包括可移动的挡板62,其允许通过调节双金属片致动装置关闭管阀时的温度来调节工作温度。这在制造加工时进行,以对装置进行标定。在替代实施方式中,可以使用控制装置使装置的目标温度在工作过程中变化。
在优选实施方式中,调节器部分包括双金属片和硅树脂管阀。在替代实施方式中,调节器可能还包括其它材料和结构,下文中将予以介绍。
为了实现在本装置内蒸发绝大部分植物烟丝卷的目的,期望工作温度在400°F以下;优选地在350°F以下。
在优选实施方式中,空气入口直径尺寸设计为在一定程度上抑制吸入。这样可以留出进入蒸发室内的外界空气的加热时间并且不会显著影响工作温度。还增加了空气进气速度从而改善了蒸发室内的循环和混合效果。还产生出部分真空,降低了蒸发室内材料的蒸发点温度。吸入率的降低给人一种在香烟或烟斗上抽吸的感觉。新鲜空气入口和吸入通道都能够被调节,以提供适当的与本装置的工作温度对应的吸入率,和想要给用户带来的感觉。
一旦料盒用尽,即可通过将燃料罐推回壳体,关闭主阀而关掉该装置。用完的烟草料盒可以通过打开并翻转该主体而倒出。在优选实施方式中,料盒被简单倒出。在替代实施方式中,可以使用能够快速简便地取出料盒的机构。该机构可能包括,但不是必需包括,在吸烟装置的另一部分被移动或移除的过程中使用销或者可滑动部件弹出料盒。移除机构还可能涉及引入外来物体。
在一种替代实施方式中,嘴件永久性地与主体相连。在此情况下,可以通过操作内置于装置中的滑动门或铰接门或类似装置来进入蒸发室。
本装置的加热器被放入具有绝热体24的壳体中。绝热体可以由PEI(商标名Ultem)、陶瓷或其它绝热材料制成。绝热体用于在建立气密密封时最小化从加热器到壳体的热传递。密封可防止加热器产生的废气进入蒸发室。废气改为从壳体槽排出。由于空气入口远离该槽,因此吸入的烟雾混合物基本不会被加热器废气污染。
在一种替换实施方式中,绝热体可以是部分中空壳体,包括密封的真空。在另一种实施方式中,通过真空炉加热的加热器可能直接被密封到壳体上,以在两者之间建立真空而不再需要绝热体部分。
在优选实施方式中,燃料罐由透明材料制成。这就允许用户通过观察燃料罐的底座来确定剩余的燃料量。
在优选实施方式中,壳体或者由导热性能良好的材料(例如铝)或由导热性能差的材料(例如陶瓷)制成。两种情况下,都可以使主体保持足够低温从而能触摸其大部分表面。
在优选实施方式中,在调节器中使用双金属致动装置。在一种替代实施方式中,可以使用成型记忆合金例如镍钛诺。或者可以使用能够膨胀和收缩以调节丁烷流量的石蜡填充部件。作为一种替代实施方式,可以使用这样一种系统,该系统例如借助热电偶传感器测量当前温度并且例如借助微控制器对当前温度和预定温度进行比较,并控制机电阀(例如伺服阀或电磁阀)。在具有用户设定温度功能的实施方式中,如上所述,设定温度可以被用作该系统的输入。
在优选实施方式中,使用热调节器。在一种替代实施方式中,装置被构造为不含有源调节部件。这样做的结果是能够降低复杂性和整套装置的成本。在此情况下,丁烷流量设为较低值。使用时,蒸发室内的温度升高至引入的附加热量与损失到环境中的热量相等的平衡点为止。热量通过装置主体的传导和送至用户的烟雾而损失。该平衡点决定了装置的工作温度。通过改变丁烷流率、燃料装置的尺寸和材质以及其它因素,即可将系统标定在相当稳定的期望工作温度。
优选双金属调节器反馈回路方法相对于平衡方法的主要优势是工作温度不依赖于环境因素例如环境温度和风。
在优选实施方式中,使用压电点火器。可以使用其它的点火器,例如火石点火器或者电池驱动的电阻线圈。
在优选实施方式中,丁烷罐是可再充的,并具有用于该目的的端口25。作为一种替代实施方式,丁烷罐也可以是一旦燃料用尽后可抛弃的。可以使用释放机构例如销或者凸轮以供用户快速拆除用完的罐并替换为满载罐。可更换的罐可能包括装置的附加部件,该附加部件包括但并不限于点火器和加热器。丁烷是优选的燃料源,但是也可以用其它液体燃料,例如乙醇代替。
在本发明的替代实施方式中,可以使用各种反馈方式来指示装置的下列状态或者量度:1)装置已打开,2)蒸发室的当前温度,3)蒸发室低于预定的工作温度,4)蒸发室已达到预定的工作温度且供吸入的烟雾已准备就绪,和5)蒸发室已超过预定的工作温度。
反馈方式包括物理和电子两种实施方法。可能的方式包括热色涂料、发光二极管和液晶显示器等。电子反馈的测量和控制手段可以通过使用热电偶和微控制器实现,正如本领域技术人员已公知的那样。
植物性烟丝卷中包含的活性成分在不同温度下汽化。在优选实施方式中,装置被标定为建立单个稳定温度,用于单独蒸发例如烟草或黄春菊。在替代实施方式中,可以使用能够选择多个温度设定值的控制装置。用户能够基于所用的料盒类型来选择设置。控制装置能够机械地例如通过改变阀的流率或者电气地例如通过电动阀和中间微控制器来实现设定温度。
丁烷被认为是能量密度最高和最实用的燃料源。在本发明的替代实施方式中,丁烷加热系统可被电池驱动的电加热器或者其它小型热源代替。
图4示出了更类似于传统的烟斗形式的一种替代实施方式的剖视图。该实施方式中的装置保留了优选实施方式的所有重要部件。用户在可滑动顶部件41下方插入烟草料盒40,料盒在此与加热器42相配。通过拨动转盘44打开主阀45以释放罐43内的燃料。燃料流过调节器51,然后流过汽化器46,在此经入口47吸入空气并以与优选实施方式相似的方式催化燃烧。料盒40达到其工作温度后用户即可将嘴件48放入口中并通过吸入进气口49和预先冷却的烟雾通道50吸入空气。
图5示出了烟草料盒30的截面图。在优选实施方式中,料盒包括包在包装材料32中具有缺口33和通风口34的烟草材料31。已包装的料盒能够很容易地装入并且处理烟草材料时不产生脏乱,而缺口则可以释放已成形的烟雾释放。料盒用尽后能够很容易地整体处理。
这里,烟草或者烟草材料定义为能够被蒸发用于愉悦或者医疗用途的天然和合成材料的组合。例如,作为本发明实施方式中的一种测试料盒使用烟熏烟草、甘油和香料。烟草产品制造领域的普通技术人员熟知这些或者其它用于香烟、雪茄及类似产品的成分。测试料盒的生产过程是将烟草切成小块(直径小于3mm,优选小于2mm)、加入其它成分然后混合直至达到均匀一致为止。
在优选实施方式中,料盒主要是圆柱形的。在其它实施方式中,可以根据不同的原因来调整其形状。例如,料盒外壁可设计成更易于装入蒸发室。或者,料盒底部可能具有凹槽,该凹槽当与蒸发室的表面腔上的互补特征结合时能够有更多的表面接触从而提高热传导能力。
任何在烟丝卷被加热到工作温度时不会产生大量有害气体的材料都可以用作包装材料。铝箔和羊皮纸是两个示例。使用纸可以将料盒加工成叠杯样式,如图6所示。使用薄膜或者金属薄片,包装材料能够被压制或者吹塑加工成合适的形状。
在优选实施方式的加工过程中,料盒在所有侧上被封装起来,并在顶部开孔以使烟雾能够向上散发。在开孔步骤中,或者在附加步骤中,可以加工出可选的通风口。
在一种替代实施方式中,料盒在所有侧上可被包装但是暴露其顶部,如图7所示。这是完全可能的,因为包装的主要目的在于防止烟草材料与蒸发室的各侧面及其底部接触。
在又一种实施方式中,料盒顶部的材料可能是可透过烟雾的,这样就无需开孔。
在再一种实施方式中,用户所购买的料盒并没有开口,而是要在装入吸烟装置之前或者说装在蒸发装置上时将其刺破。后者可以通过在吸烟装置的嘴件上增加中空的刺孔装置来实现。例如,嘴件的吸入通道可以延伸出一个中空管。当嘴件被重新装回以关闭该装置时,中空管即可刺穿先前装入的料盒,并形成供烟雾流出至用户的通路。
在优选实施方式中,烟草材料为均匀的混合物。在一种替代实施方式中,烟草材料可能分为两层,如图8所示。潮湿层35的蒸气形成物质含量比干燥层36要高,干燥层36包括起到过滤器作用的干烟草或者其它材料。干燥层用于防止任何液体在加热过程中鼓泡并从料盒中渗出。
在料盒的一种替代实施方式中,下方隔间可能完全由成烟介质例如甘油构成。上方区域则由待蒸发的烟草材料构成,且二者之间被一种仅允许介质以烟雾或者气态通过的材料隔离。Gore-tex(商标名)就是一种这样的材料。在使用过程中,在下方区域中产生的烟雾流过半渗透膜,挥发出烟草中的活性成分,随后两者的混合物通过吸入而送至用户。
在一种替代实施方式中,烟草材料的坚实度使得不再需要包装。这是完全可能的,只要料盒的至少外表面足够干燥和粘连以确保不会在装置内留下残留物即可。这样的料盒能够通过将烟草材料在模具内成型而制得。如果成品表面过于潮湿,可以通过烤箱加热来干燥料盒。
本发明不应理解为仅限于上述的实施方式,而应理解为包括在权利要求范围内的任意以及全部的实施方式。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于产生可吸入蒸气的装置,所述装置包括:
本体;
在所述本体内设置的加热器,并且所述加热器被配置成加热可蒸发材料,以产生可吸入蒸气,所述加热器包含蒸发室,所述蒸发室具有配置成保持所述可蒸发材料的腔;
在所述本体内的绝缘体,并且所述绝缘体被配置成将自所述加热器至所述本体的热传递最小化;
嘴件,其被配置成将可吸入蒸气输送至用户;和
控制器,其被配置成控制所述蒸发室的工作温度。
2.一种用于产生可吸入蒸气的装置,所述装置包括:
蒸发室,所述蒸发室被配置成保持可蒸发材料;
在管状壳体内设置的加热器,并且所述加热器被配置成加热所述蒸发室内的可蒸发材料,以产生蒸气;
绝缘体,所述绝缘体被配置成将自所述加热器至所述管状壳体的热传递最小化;
嘴件,其被配置成将所述蒸气输送至用户;和
控制器,其被配置成控制所述蒸发室的工作温度。
3.一种用于产生可吸入蒸气的装置,所述装置包括:
具有管状壳体的细长的主体,所述细长的主体包含蒸发室以及电池驱动的电加热器;
在所述细长的主体的近侧端部上设置的嘴件,所述嘴件的取下暴露所述蒸发室,并且所述嘴件的替换覆盖所述蒸发室;
绝缘体,所述绝缘体被配置成将自所述加热器至所述管状壳体的热传递最小化;
微控制器,所述微控制器被配置成调节所述蒸发室的温度;和
控制器,所述控制器被配置成从多个温度设定中进行选择。
4.一种用于产生可吸入蒸气的装置,所述装置包括加热器和绝缘体,所述绝缘体包括中空壳体,其包含密封的真空,以最小化自所述加热器至所述装置的壳体的热传递。
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