ES2728270T3 - Método y sistema para la vaporización de una sustancia - Google Patents
Método y sistema para la vaporización de una sustancia Download PDFInfo
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- ES2728270T3 ES2728270T3 ES17195788T ES17195788T ES2728270T3 ES 2728270 T3 ES2728270 T3 ES 2728270T3 ES 17195788 T ES17195788 T ES 17195788T ES 17195788 T ES17195788 T ES 17195788T ES 2728270 T3 ES2728270 T3 ES 2728270T3
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- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
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Classifications
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- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F13/00—Appliances for smoking cigars or cigarettes
- A24F13/02—Cigar or cigarette holders
- A24F13/04—Cigar or cigarette holders with arrangements for cleaning or cooling the smoke
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
- A24D1/14—Tobacco cartridges for pipes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/18—Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes; Manufacture thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
- A24F40/40—Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
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- A24F40/42—Cartridges or containers for inhalable precursors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
- A24F40/40—Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
- A24F40/48—Fluid transfer means, e.g. pumps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
- A24F40/60—Devices with integrated user interfaces
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F42/00—Simulated smoking devices other than electrically operated; Component parts thereof; Manufacture or testing thereof
- A24F42/10—Devices with chemical heating means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
- A61M11/04—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised
- A61M11/041—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters
- A61M11/042—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters electrical
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
- A61M11/04—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised
- A61M11/041—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters
- A61M11/048—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters with a flame, e.g. using a burner
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- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/0028—Inhalators using prepacked dosages, one for each application, e.g. capsules to be perforated or broken-up
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- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/06—Inhaling appliances shaped like cigars, cigarettes or pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q2/00—Lighters containing fuel, e.g. for cigarettes
- F23Q2/32—Lighters characterised by being combined with other objects
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
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- F23Q3/00—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
- F23Q3/002—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks using piezoelectric elements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
- A24F40/20—Devices using solid inhalable precursors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3368—Temperature
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
- Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
- Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Un cartucho (30) para su uso en un dispositivo (10) de vaporización de un material, comprendiendo dicho cartucho (30): una capa húmeda (35) que comprende un material de formación de vapor, y; 5 una capa seca (36) que consiste en tabaco u otro relleno; en el que la capa húmeda tiene un contenido de material de formación de vapor mayor que la capa seca.
Description
DESCRIPCIÓN
Método y sistema para la vaporización de una sustancia
Antecedentes de la invención
Campo de la invención
La presente invención está dirigida a mejoras en dispositivos para fumar, particularmente en artículos para fumar que emplean un cartucho de tabaco formado como una fuente para producir vapor mediante transmisión de calor al cartucho por conducción, convección y radiación para el humo y el sabor. La presente invención se refiere a dispositivos de vaporización autónomos y, más particularmente, a un dispositivo de vaporización a baja temperatura para uso de un producto de tabaco. El dispositivo tiene un cuerpo principal alargado con una boquilla en un extremo y una carcasa tubular fijada en el otro extremo, que tiene una cámara de vaporización y un calentador. La boquilla y la carcasa forman un conjunto unitario.
Descripción de la técnica relacionada
Son bien conocidos en la técnica los dispositivos para fumar, tales como las boquillas y las pipas, para proporcionar a un usuario, por placer terapéutico y de fumar, vapor de sabores a partir de una sustancia fumable. Sin embargo, los dispositivos existentes utilizados no tienen ningún control del calentamiento y la combustión de los productos de tabaco. Los dispositivos tienden a producir subproductos tóxicos, bituminosos y carcinógenos que son dañinos y confieren también a la boca de un usuario un sabor amargo y a quemado.
Un problema adicional es que no hay ningún control de la contaminación de la mezcla de vapor inhalada con los gases de salida del calentador, debido a una dosificación y un emplazamiento inapropiados de las entradas y las ventilaciones de salida. Típicamente, los gases de salida se usan para calentar directamente el tabaco, y esos gases contienen subproductos dañinos de combustión incompleta.
En un esfuerzo para superar estas carencias, se han realizado numerosos intentos para proporcionar una estructura de dispositivo y la sustancia que produce vapor para fumar que esté libre de subproductos dañinos, y que proporcionaría un vapor refrescante y calmante para fumar.
Por ejemplo, la solicitud de patente de EE. UU. número 2004/0237974 A1, publicada el 2 de diciembre de 2004, de Min, describe una boquilla de cigarrillos con filtro y de puros que elimina el alquitrán y la nicotina del humo del tabaco.
La solicitud de patente de EE. UU. número 2004/0031495 A1, publicada el 19 de febrero de 2004, de Steinberg, describe una pipa de vaporización con filtro de llama, que usa una llama para vaporizar la sustancia a fumar.
La patente de EE. UU. número 6.164.287, expedida el 26 de diciembre de 2000, a White, describe un dispositivo para fumar que produce humo a partir de tabaco a bajas temperaturas, sin producir subproductos dañinos.
La patente de EE. UU. número 4.848.374, expedida el 18 de julio de 1989, a Chard et al., describe un dispositivo para fumar que vaporiza un precursor de aerosol, un caso que precede a la condensación para el precursor de aerosol predominante por contacto con una superficie calentada, en lugar de por gases calientes al interior de la boca de un fumador.
La patente de EE. UU. número 4.219.032, expedida el 26 de agosto de 1980, a Tabatznik et al., describe un dispositivo para fumar en donde el humo extraído es enfriado, haciéndolo pasar a través de un líquido adecuado, para proporcionar humo calmante.
La patente de EE. UU. número 4.020.853, expedida el 3 de mayo de 1977, a Nuttall, describe una pipa para fumar hecha de material cerámico, tal como porcelana coloreada y ornamental para mejorar el aspecto artístico, y para proporcionar también aire de circulación a fin de mantener fría y segura para su manipulación la pared exterior de la pipa.
La patente de EE. UU. número 3.792.704, expedida el 19 de febrero de 1974, a Parker, describe un sistema para fumar tabaco de pipa, en donde la pipa y la cápsula de tabaco están diseñadas mutuamente para producir una combinación para fumar con una línea de poco espesor que se puede fabricar a partir de un material termoplástico a temperatura relativamente baja.
El documento EP 0311581 A1 describe una porción de tabaco.
Compendio de la invención
La presente invención explica un cartucho para su uso en un dispositivo de vaporización de un material, comprendiendo dicho cartucho: una capa húmeda que comprende un material de formación de vapor, y; una capa seca que consiste en tabaco u otro relleno; en el que la capa húmeda tiene un contenido de material de formación de vapor mayor que la capa seca.
Preferiblemente, el cartucho de tabaco está formado y conformado para una inserción más fácil en la cámara de calentamiento y para ajustar apretadamente dentro de la cavidad de dicha cámara de calentamiento, para una conducción térmica y una vaporización mejoradas. Los cartuchos están formados y envueltos en la envoltura, lo que no produce una cantidad significativa de gases dañinos.
Estos y otros objetos de la presente invención llegarán a ser fácilmente evidentes tras una revisión adicional de la memoria descriptiva y los dibujos siguientes.
Breve descripción de los dibujos
La figura 1 es una vista lateral de un ejemplo de un dispositivo de vaporización portátil para su uso con el cartucho de la presente invención. La figura 2 es una vista, en corte, del mismo ejemplo. La figura 3 es una vista, en perspectiva, de un calentador, según el mismo ejemplo. La figura 4 es una vista parcial de un ejemplo alternativo, según la presente invención. La figura 5 es una vista, en detalle y en corte, de un cartucho de tabaco, según una realización preferida. La figura 6 es una vista, en perspectiva, de un cartucho de tabaco, según la realización preferida. La figura 7 es una vista, en detalle y en corte, de un cartucho de tabaco, según una realización alternativa. La figura 8 es una vista, en detalle y en corte, de un cartucho de tabaco, según una realización alternativa.
Descripción detallada de la invención
Haciendo referencia a la figura 1 y la figura 2, el exterior del dispositivo 10 comprende una boquilla 11, una carcasa tubular 12 y la base 14 de un depósito de butano 21. La boquilla es extraíble y crea un sellado hermético con el interior de la carcasa. Con la boquilla extraída, se introduce un cartucho de tabaco (figura 5) en la cámara de vaporización 15 de un calentador 16. La boquilla se vuelve a insertar a continuación para cerrar el dispositivo.
La boquilla está hecha de un material de altas temperaturas y salubre, tal como cerámica, vidrio, o diversos plásticos de altas temperaturas, tales como resina PEI (nombre comercial Ultem). El diseño se simplifica usando materiales de altas temperaturas, pero se podría usar también plástico o madera estándar, etc., con la adición de un componente aislante que impida que el calor excesivo alcance los labios del usuario.
Para activar el dispositivo, se tira axialmente hacia fuera del depósito de butano, extrayéndolo parcialmente de la carcasa. Esto da comienzo al flujo de butano al abrir una válvula maestra 18 y al activar a continuación un elemento de ignición piezoeléctrico 13. El depósito permanece en la posición parcialmente extraída durante el tiempo de uso. Mientras la válvula maestra está abierta, el butano fluye a través de un regulador térmico 17 y al interior de un carburador 20. El aire ambiente entra en la carcasa a través de una ranura 19. Un aparato venturi en el carburador arrastra aire, haciendo que se mezcle con el butano. La mezcla entra a continuación en el calentador 16.
El cable del ignitor está situado en el calentador. Con la chispa del ignitor (inmediatamente a continuación del comienzo del flujo de gas), el gas inicia la ignición y el calor comienza su conducción por todo el calentador. El calor se transmite al cartucho por conducción, convección y radiación. El cartucho está conformado para llenar la cámara, a fin de maximizar el contacto superficial para la conducción térmica.
A medida que el cartucho se calienta, se genera vapor en su interior y en el espacio inmediatamente por encima del mismo. Cuando un usuario da una calada en el dispositivo, entra aire fresco a través de una entrada de aire 22, se mezcla con el vapor y la mezcla se suministra al usuario por el paso de inhalación 23. En la realización preferida, la entrada o entradas de aire están dirigidas hacia abajo, a fin de mejorar la extracción de vapor del cartucho. Podrían estar también dirigidas a lo largo de una diagonal a través de la boquilla, o lateralmente a través de la propia carcasa, por encima del cartucho.
La figura 3 representa una vista detallada del calentador 16. El calentador comprende un cuerpo envolvente 26 y un catalizador 27 térmicamente conductores. El cuerpo envolvente podría estar constituido por un material, o una combinación de materiales soldados o apretados juntos. El catalizador podría ser platino, o metal o vidrio impregnado con paladio, u otro material adecuado conocido para los expertos en la técnica. El catalizador proporciona una combustión eficiente sin llama del butano. La ventilación 28 del calentador está situada de manera que es visible a través de la ranura 29 del cuerpo, como se muestra en la figura 1. Esto permite que el usuario vea el catalizador que, cuando está calentado, puede brillar con un color rojo para indicar que ha sido activado el dispositivo.
Haciendo referencia de nuevo a la figura 3, el regulador térmico 17 está adyacente al calentador y en contacto térmico íntimo. A medida que aumenta la temperatura del calentador, lo mismo hace la del regulador. El regulador está diseñado para restringir el flujo de butano a medida que aumenta la temperatura, creando así un bucle de realimentación. En la realización preferida, el regulador consiste en una tira bimetálica 60 y un tubo de silicona 61, que es el conducto del butano. Los dos están dispuestos de manera que a medida que se calienta la tira bimetálica, se curva para aprisionar el tubo de silicona y restringir por ello el flujo de butano. El flujo reducido de butano da como resultado menos calor generado. El calentador se enfría posteriormente, y lo mismo hace el regulador, permitiendo que circule de nuevo más butano. El resultado total es que se establece una temperatura de funcionamiento estable
en el calentador. Tal sistema se puede poner a punto fácilmente para conseguir una temperatura de funcionamiento que varía en menos de /- 5 grados Fahrenheit.
El regulador comprende además una placa de soporte 62 desplazable que permite la capacidad de ajuste de la temperatura de funcionamiento ajustando la temperatura a la que el accionador bimetálico cierra la válvula del tubo. Esto se ha de realizar una vez durante la fabricación, para calibrar el dispositivo. En las realizaciones alternativas, se podrían usar medios de control para permitir que la temperatura objetivo del dispositivo cambie durante el funcionamiento.
En la realización preferida, el regulador comprende, en parte, una tira bimetálica y una válvula del tubo de silicona. En las realizaciones alternativas, el regulador podría estar constituido por otros materiales y configuraciones, como se describe más adelante.
Con el propósito de vaporizar la mayoría de las plantas medicinales en este dispositivo, la temperatura de funcionamiento deseada está por debajo de 205 °C (400 °F); preferiblemente por debajo de 175 °C (350 °F).
En la realización preferida, el diámetro de la entrada de aire está dimensionado de manera que se impide algo la inhalación. Esto proporciona tiempo para que se caliente el aire ambiente que entra en la cámara y no afecta considerablemente a la temperatura de funcionamiento. Esto aumenta también la velocidad del aire que entra, lo que mejora la circulación y la mezcla en la cámara de vaporización. Esto crea también un vacío parcial, bajando la temperatura del punto de vapor para el material contenido en la cámara de vaporización. La reducción en la tasa de extracción puede servir también para tener la impresión de estar dando caladas a un cigarrillo o una pipa. Tanto la entrada de aire fresco como el paso de inhalación se pueden ajustar para proporcionar una tasa de extracción apropiada para la temperatura de funcionamiento del dispositivo, y la percepción que se pretende para el usuario. Una vez que se ha consumido el cartucho, se apaga el dispositivo empujando el depósito de vuelta al interior de la carcasa, cerrando la válvula maestra. El cartucho de tabaco gastado se extrae abriendo el dispositivo y dando la vuelta al cuerpo. En la realización preferida, el cartucho simplemente cae. En las realizaciones alternativas, se podría usar un mecanismo para extraer rápida y fácilmente el cartucho. Este mecanismo podría incluir, pero no requiere, el uso de un pasador o una parte deslizante para expulsar el cartucho cuando es desplazada o extraída otra parte del dispositivo. El mecanismo de extracción podría implicar también la introducción de un objeto extraño. En una realización alternativa, la boquilla está fijada permanentemente al cuerpo. En ese caso, se podría acceder a la cámara de vaporización accionando una puerta deslizante o articulada, o medios similares, incorporados en el dispositivo.
El calentador del dispositivo está ajustado dentro de la carcasa con un aislador 24. El aislador podría estar hecho de PEI (nombre comercial Ultem), cerámica u otro material aislante. El aislador sirve para minimizar la transmisión térmica desde el calentador a la carcasa, al tiempo que crea un sellado hermético. El sellado impide que los gases de salida producidos por el calentador entren en la cámara de vaporización. Los gases de salida se ventilan, en cambio, hacia fuera de las ranuras de la carcasa. Ya que la entrada de aire está distante de las ranuras, no existe sustancialmente contaminación de la mezcla de vapor inhalada debida a los gases de escape del calentador.
En una realización alternativa, el aislador podría ser un cuerpo envolvente parcialmente hueco, que contiene un vacío sellado. En otra realización, el calentador se podría sellar directamente a la carcasa recociendo en un horno de vacío, a fin de crear vacío entre los dos y obviar la necesidad de un componente aislador.
En la realización preferida, el depósito está hecho de un material translúcido. Esto permite que el usuario determine el nivel de combustible restante al mirar la base del depósito.
En la realización preferida, la carcasa está hecha de un material que es un buen conductor térmico (tal como aluminio) o uno malo (tal como cerámica). En ambos casos, el efecto es que el cuerpo permanece suficientemente frío para poder tocar sobre una gran parte de su superficie.
En la realización preferida, se usa un accionador bimetálico en el regulador. En las realizaciones alternativas, se podría usar un accionador de aleación con memoria de forma, tal como las aleaciones de níquel-titanio ("Nitinol"). Alternativamente, se podría emplear un componente lleno de parafina que se expande y se contrae para modular el flujo de butano. Alternativamente, se podría emplear un sistema para medir la temperatura actual, p. ej., con un sensor de termopar, y compararla con una temperatura prescrita, p. ej., con un microcontrolador, y controlando una válvula electromecánica, p. ej., una servoválvula o una válvula de solenoide. En una realización con temperatura seleccionada por el usuario, como se ha descrito anteriormente, la temperatura seleccionada se podría usar como una entrada para este sistema.
En la realización preferida, se usa un regulador térmico. En una realización alternativa, el dispositivo está construido sin un elemento de regulación activo. Esto podría dar como resultado una complejidad reducida y una bajada del coste total del dispositivo. En este caso, el flujo de butano se ajusta a un bajo nivel. En uso, la temperatura en el interior de la cámara aumenta hasta un punto de equilibrio donde el calor adicional introducido es igual al calor perdido al entorno. Se pierde calor por conducción a través del cuerpo del dispositivo, y con el vapor suministrado al usuario. Este punto de equilibrio determina la temperatura de funcionamiento del dispositivo. Cambiando el caudal
de butano, el tamaño y el material del quemador, y otros factores, el sistema se puede calibrar para proporcionar una temperatura de funcionamiento deseada bastante estable.
La ventaja principal de los métodos preferidos de bucle de realimentación con regulador bimetálico sobre el método de equilibrio es que la temperatura de funcionamiento no depende de factores medioambientales tales como la temperatura ambiente y el viento.
En la realización preferida, se usa un ignitor piezoeléctrico. Se podrían usar otros ignitores, tales como, un encendedor de piedra o una bobina resistiva alimentada con baterías.
En la realización preferida, el depósito de butano se supone que es rellenable y tiene un orificio 25 con este propósito. Como una realización alternativa, el depósito podría ser desechable una vez que se agota su combustible. Se emplearía un mecanismo de liberación, tal como un pasador o una leva, que permite que el usuario extraiga rápidamente el depósito agotado y lo reemplace por uno lleno. El depósito reemplazable podría incluir partes adicionales del dispositivo que incluyen, pero no están limitadas al ignitor y al calentador. El butano es la fuente de combustible preferida, pero se podría reemplazar por otros combustibles líquidos, tales como etanol.
En las realizaciones alternativas de la presente invención, se podrían usar diversos medios de realimentación para indicar los siguientes estados o métrica del dispositivo: 1) el dispositivo está encendido, 2) la temperatura actual de la cámara de vaporización, 3) la cámara está por debajo de una temperatura de funcionamiento prescrita, 4) la cámara ha alcanzado una temperatura de funcionamiento prescrita y el vapor está listo para su consumo, y 5) la cámara ha excedido una temperatura de funcionamiento prescrita.
Los medios de la realimentación incluyen implementaciones tanto físicas como electrónicas. Las posibilidades incluyen una pintura termocromática, unos diodos emisores de luz y una pantalla de cristal líquido. Los medios de detección y control para la realimentación electrónica se podrían implementar usando un termopar y un microcontrolador, como es conocido para los expertos en la técnica.
Los elementos activos contenidos en las plantas medicinales se vaporizan a diferentes temperaturas. En la realización preferida, el dispositivo está calibrado para establecer una única temperatura estable, destinada a vaporizar exclusivamente tabaco o exclusivamente camomila, por ejemplo. En las realizaciones alternativas, se usarían medios de control para seleccionar una variedad de ajustes de temperatura. El usuario elegiría qué ajuste es basándose en el tipo de cartucho utilizado. Los medios de control podrían lograr una temperatura deseada mecánicamente, tal como cambiando el caudal de la válvula, o electrónicamente, tal como por intermediación de una válvula electromecánica y un microcontrolador.
Se encontró que el butano era la fuente de combustible con mayor densidad de energía y más práctica. En las realizaciones alternativas de la invención, el sistema de calentamiento con butano se reemplaza por un calentador eléctrico alimentado con baterías o por otra fuente de calor compacta.
La figura 4 representa una vista parcial de una realización alternativa que se asemeja más detalladamente a una forma de pipa tradicional. En esta realización, el dispositivo conserva todos los elementos críticos de la realización preferida. El usuario inserta un cartucho de tabaco 40, bajo una pieza superior 41 deslizante, donde el cartucho coincide con el calentador 42. El combustible contenido en el depósito 43 se libera haciendo girar un elemento indicador 44 para abrir una válvula maestra 45. El combustible se desplaza a través del regulador 51 y, a continuación, a través del carburador 46, donde se extrae aire a través de la lumbrera de admisión 47 y se cataliza de manera similar a la de la realización preferida. A medida que el cartucho 40 alcanza su temperatura de funcionamiento, el usuario coloca la boquilla 48 en su boca y extrae aire a través de la lumbrera de admisión de inhalación 49 y a través del paso de vapor 50, donde es enfriado previamente.
La figura 5 representa una vista, en corte, del cartucho de tabaco 30. En la realización preferida, el mismo consiste en material de tabaco 31, encerrado en una envoltura 32, con unas perforaciones 33 y unos pocillos de aireación 34. El cartucho envuelto permite la inserción y la eliminación fáciles del material de tabaco sin crear un lío, mientras que las perforaciones permiten que se libere el vapor formado. Cuando se agota el cartucho, se puede desechar fácilmente en su totalidad.
En este caso, el tabaco o el material de tabaco se define como cualquier combinación de material natural y sintético que puede ser vaporizada por placer o uso medicinal. Como ejemplo, se preparó un cartucho de ensayo como una realización de la presente invención usando tabaco curado al humo, glicerina y saborizantes. Los expertos en la técnica de la fabricación de productos de tabaco están familiarizados con estos y otros componentes utilizados para cigarrillos, puros y similares. El cartucho de ensayo se produjo cortando tabaco en trozos finos (menores que 3 mm de diámetro, preferiblemente menores que 2 mm), añadiendo los otros componentes y mezclando hasta que se consiguió una consistencia uniforme.
En la realización preferida, el cartucho es principalmente cilíndrico. En otras realizaciones, la forma se podría modificar por diversas razones. Como ejemplo, las paredes del cartucho podrían estar inclinadas lateralmente para una inserción más fácil en la cámara de vaporización. O bien, la parte inferior del cartucho podría poseer unos receptáculos que, cuando se combinan con unas características complementarias en la cavidad superficial de la cámara de vaporización, permitirían más contacto superficial y, por consiguiente, una conducción térmica mejorada.
Se podría usar cualquier material para la envoltura, siempre que cuando se caliente a la temperatura de funcionamiento, no produzca cantidades significativas de gases dañinos. La lámina de aluminio y el papel pergamino son dos ejemplos. Con papeles, el cartucho estaría fabricado con un diseño de copa plegada, similar al mostrado en la figura 6. Con películas o láminas metálicas, la envoltura se podría prensar o moldear por soplado a la forma apropiada.
Durante la fabricación de la realización preferida, el cartucho está cerrado por todos los lados y perforado en la parte superior de manera que los vapores pueden emanar hacia arriba. En la etapa de perforación, o en una etapa adicional, se crearían los pocillos de aireación opcionales.
En una realización alternativa, el cartucho podría estar envuelto por todos los lados pero dejando expuesta la parte superior, como se muestra en la figura 7. Esto es posible ya que el propósito de la envoltura es principalmente impedir que el material de tabaco toque los lados y la parte inferior de la cámara de vaporización.
En otra realización, el material para la parte superior del cartucho podría ser permeable al vapor, de manera que no son necesarias las perforaciones.
En otra realización, el cartucho, como lo compra el usuario, no tiene ninguna abertura, sino que se perfora antes de su inserción en el dispositivo, o al introducirlo en el dispositivo de vaporización. Esto último se podría conseguir añadiendo medios de perforación huecos a la parte de boquilla del dispositivo. Por ejemplo, el paso de inhalación de la boquilla podría extenderse mediante un tubo hueco. Cuando la boquilla se vuelve a insertar para cerrar el dispositivo, perfora el cartucho previamente introducido y forma una trayectoria para que salga vapor al usuario. En la realización preferida, el material de tabaco es una mezcla homogénea. En otra realización, podría haber dos capas, como se muestra en la figura 8. La capa húmeda 35 tiene un contenido de material de formación de vapor mayor que la capa seca 36, que consiste en tabaco seco o en otro material que actúa como un filtro. La capa seca sirve para impedir que algo de líquido burbujee hacia arriba y salga del cartucho durante el calentamiento.
En otra realización del cartucho, un compartimento inferior podría consistir enteramente en un medio de formación de vapor, tal como glicerina. Una zona superior consistiría en el material de tabaco a vaporizar, y los dos estarían separados por un material que permite solamente que el medio pase en una fase vapor o gaseosa. Gore-tex (nombre comercial) es uno de tales materiales. En uso, el vapor generado en la zona inferior pasaría a través de la membrana semipermeable, volatizaría los componentes activos del tabaco, y una mezcla de los dos se suministraría al usuario al inhalar.
En otra realización, la consistencia del material de tabaco es tal que no es necesaria la envoltura. Esto es posible si al menos la superficie exterior del cartucho está seca y es suficientemente cohesiva para no dejar depósitos en el interior del dispositivo. Tal cartucho se puede realizar formando material de tabaco en un molde. Si la superficie resultante está excesivamente húmeda, se puede secar calentando el cartucho en un horno.
Claims (14)
1. Un cartucho (30) para su uso en un dispositivo (10) de vaporización de un material, comprendiendo dicho cartucho (30):
una capa húmeda (35) que comprende un material de formación de vapor, y;
una capa seca (36) que consiste en tabaco u otro relleno;
en el que la capa húmeda tiene un contenido de material de formación de vapor mayor que la capa seca.
2. El cartucho (30) según la reivindicación 1, que comprende una envoltura (32), preferiblemente una lámina de aluminio, para contener la capa húmeda (35) y la capa seca (36).
3. El cartucho (30) según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, en el que la envoltura (32) deja expuesto un lado superior de la capa seca (36), preferiblemente por al menos una perforación (33).
4. El cartucho (30) según cualquier reivindicación precedente, en el que un pocillo de aireación (34) se extiende a través de la capa húmeda (35) y la capa seca (36).
5. El cartucho (30) según cualquier reivindicación precedente, en el que el cartucho (30) está configurado para producir vapor cuando se calienta hasta por debajo de 204 grados C (400 grados F).
6. El cartucho (30) según cualquier reivindicación precedente, en el que la capa húmeda (35) comprende glicerina.
7. El cartucho (30) según cualquier reivindicación precedente, en el que la capa húmeda (35) y la capa seca (36) están separadas por un material que permite solamente que un medio pase en una fase vapor o gaseosa.
8. El cartucho (30) según cualquier reivindicación precedente, en el que la capa húmeda (35) consiste íntegramente en el medio de formación de vapor.
9. El cartucho (30) según cualquier reivindicación precedente, en el que la capa seca (36) está dispuesta para impedir que el líquido burbujee hacia arriba y salga del cartucho (30) durante el calentamiento.
10. Uso del cartucho (30) según cualquier reivindicación precedente, para un dispositivo (10) de generación de vapor.
11. Un sistema de generación de vapor, que comprende:
un dispositivo (10) de generación de vapor y el cartucho (30) según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 9, en el que
dicho dispositivo comprende una cámara de calentamiento (15) dispuesta para recibir y calentar dicho cartucho (30).
12. Un método para generar vapor usando el cartucho (30) según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 9, comprendiendo el método:
generar vapor a partir de la capa húmeda (35), que comprende un material de formación de vapor;
transmitir dicho vapor a través de la capa seca (36), que consiste en tabaco u otro relleno.
13. El método según la reivindicación 12, en el que el vapor se genera calentando hasta por debajo de 204 grados C (400 grados F).
14. El método según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes 12 o 13, en el que el método comprende que el vapor desde la capa húmeda (35) sea transmitido a través de la capa seca (36) y volatilizar compuestos activos de la capa seca (36).
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