JP5548233B2 - 物質を蒸発させるための方法とシステム - Google Patents

物質を蒸発させるための方法とシステム Download PDF

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JP5548233B2
JP5548233B2 JP2012106389A JP2012106389A JP5548233B2 JP 5548233 B2 JP5548233 B2 JP 5548233B2 JP 2012106389 A JP2012106389 A JP 2012106389A JP 2012106389 A JP2012106389 A JP 2012106389A JP 5548233 B2 JP5548233 B2 JP 5548233B2
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モンシーズ,ジェームズ
ボーウェン,アダム
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Description

本発明は、喫煙装置の改良に、具体的には、煙と香りの伝導、対流、及び輻射により熱をカートリッジへ伝達することによって、蒸気を生成するソースとして形成されているタバコカートリッジを利用する喫煙具に向けられている。本発明は、自立式蒸発装置に、より具体的には、タバコ製品を使用するための低温蒸発装置に関する。本装置は、一端にはマウスピースが付いており、他端には蒸気チャンバと加熱器を有する管状ケーシングが取り付けられている細長い本体で構成されている。マウスピースとケーシングは、一体のユニットを形成している。
巻きタバコホルダー及びパイプの様な喫煙装置は、治療や喫煙の嗜好のために、喫煙可能な物質から、香りを含んだ蒸気をユーザーに提供するためのものとして、当技術では良く知られている。しかしながら、使用されている既存の装置は、タバコ製品の加熱と燃焼を制御してはいない。同装置は、有害で、その上ユーザーの口に苦くて焦げた味を付与する毒性の、タール状の、発ガン性副産物を生み出す傾向がある。
更なる問題は、吸入口と排出口の比率と位置が不適切であるために、吸込まれる蒸気混合物の、加熱器の排気による汚染を制御していないことである。通常、排気は、タバコを直接加熱するのに用いられ、それらの気体は有害な不完全燃焼の副産物を含んでいる。
これらの欠点を克服する努力の中で、有害な副産物無しに喫煙するために蒸気を生成し、喫煙時に冷たくて鎮静効果のある蒸気を提供する装置構造と物質を提供するため、数多くの試行が重ねられている。
例えば、2004年12月2日にMinに発行された米国特許出願第2004/0237974AI号は、タバコの煙からタールとニコチンを取り除く濾過式巻きタバコ及び葉巻ホルダーを開示している。
2004年2月19日にSteinbergに発行された米国特許出願第2004/0031495AI号は、火炎を使用して喫煙物質を気化させる火炎フィルター付きの蒸気パイプを開示している。
2000年12月26日にWhiteに発行された米国特許第6,164,287号は、タバコから、低温で、有害な副産物を生成することなく、煙を生成する喫煙装置について述べている。
1989年7月18日にChardらに発行された米国特許第4,848,374号は、エアゾール前駆物質を、主流のエアゾール前駆物質へ凝縮される前に、高温の気体を喫煙者の口に流すのではなく、加熱された表面と接触させることによって、気化させる喫煙装置について述べている。
1980年8月26日にTabatznikらに発行された米国特許第4,219,032号は、抽出された煙を適した液体に通すことによって冷却し、鎮静効果のある煙を提供する喫煙装置について述べている。
1977年5月3日にNuttallに発行された米国特許第4,020,853号は、芸術的な外観を強調し、循環気を提供して扱い易いようにパイプの外壁を冷たく安全な状態に維持するために、色づけされた装飾用磁器の様なセラミック材料で作られている喫煙パイプについて述べている。
1974年2月19日にParkerに発行された米国特許第3,792,704号は、パイプとタバコのカプセルが、比較的低温の熱可塑性材料で製造することのできる細い喫煙器具となるように相互設計されている、パイプタバコ喫煙システムについて述べている。
米国特許第6,164,287号明細書 米国特許第4,848,374号明細書 米国特許第4,219,032号明細書 米国特許第4,020,853号明細書 米国特許第3,792,704号明細書
本発明は、マウスピースと、加熱器、低温蒸発チャンバ、燃料タンク、及び燃焼中の作動温度を400F(204℃)未満、望ましくは350F(177℃)未満に保つことによって平衡点を維持し、これにより安定した作動温度を維持するために、熱調整器を使用して燃料の流量を制御するための制御手段を備えている点火器、を有するケーシングと、から成る画期的な喫煙装置に向けられている。
従って、本発明の基本的な目的は、セラミック、ガラスの様な高温と食品に安全な材料、又はPEI樹脂(商標名Ultem)として知られている高温プラスチックで作られているマウスピースを提供することである。しかしながら、適したプラスチック又は木材なども利用できるが、過剰な熱がユーザーの唇に達しないように、絶縁材を追加しなくてはならない。
更に、空気の入口は下に向けられているので、入口を通して引き込まれた新鮮な周囲の空気は、生成された蒸気と混ざり合って喫煙可能物質のカートリッジの上方に配置されている蒸発チャンバの中へと流れ、この混合気は、カートリッジの下方に配置されている入口によってカートリッジから抽出され、吸気に際してユーザーの口に吸い込まれる。
本発明の別の目的は、周囲の空気をチャンバに入れて、物質を加熱するが、作動温度には影響を与えないような寸法に作られた直径と方向を有していて、周囲の空気が流入し、チャンバ内の燃焼、輻射、及び対流から生成された蒸気と混ざり合う速度を、釣り合いのとれた吸入経路が、巻きタバコを通して煙が引き入れられるかの様にユーザーに認識させる速度に調整するような、1つ又は複数の空気入口を提供することである。
本発明のまた別の目的は、PTFE、セラミック、又は他の絶縁材料の様な絶縁媒体によって蒸気チャンバから分離されており、而して加熱器によって生成される排気が、蒸発チャンバに入り、吸気のために集められたその中の蒸気を汚染するのを防ぐ、加熱器を提供することである。
本発明の別の目的は、導電性の外殻と触媒で形成されている加熱器を提供することであり、外殻は、一体に溶接又はプレスすることによって形成される1つ又は複数の材料で作られている。一方、触媒は、プラチナ又はパラジウム含浸金属か、ガラスか、又は他の適した材料であり、炎を出さない効果的な燃料燃焼を提供し、加熱されると赤くなり、装置が作動していることを示す。更に、所望の温度に調整するのに、フィードバックループを利用してもよい。
タバコカートリッジは、加熱チャンバに容易に挿入でき、熱伝導と蒸発を改良するために加熱チャンバの空洞にぴったり嵌合するような形状寸法に作られているのが望ましい。カートリッジは、形成され、多量の有害ガスを生成しない包装紙で巻かれる。
本発明の以上及びこの他の目的は、以下の明細書と図面を見れば、容易に明らかになるであろう。
本発明の好適な実施形態による、携帯式蒸発装置の側面図である。 同じ実施形態の断面図である。 同じ実施形態による、加熱器の斜視図である。 本発明による別の実施形態の破断図である。 好適な実施形態による、タバコカートリッジの断面の詳細図である。 好適な実施形態による、タバコカートリッジの斜視図である。 別の実施形態による、タバコカートリッジの断面の詳細図である。 別の実施形態による、タバコカートリッジの断面の詳細図である。
図1と図2に示すように、装置10の外側は、マウスピース11、管状ケーシング12、及びブタンタンク21の基部14を備えている。マウスピースは、取り外し可能であり、ケーシングの内側と共に気密シールを作っている。マウスピースを取り外した状態で、タバコカートリッジ(図5)が、加熱器16の蒸気チャンバ15に導入される。次に、装置を閉鎖するためにマウスピースが再度挿入される。
マウスピースは、セラミック、ガラスの様な高温と食品に安全な材料か、又は、PEI樹脂(商標名Ultem)の様な各種高温プラスチックで作られている。設計は、高温材料を使用することによって単純化されるが、絶縁構成要素を追加して過剰な熱がユーザーの唇に到達するのを防げば、標準的なプラスチック又は木材などを使用することもできる。
装置を作動させる際は、ブタンタンクを軸方向外向きに引き、ケーシングから部分的に外す。これは、主弁18を開いてブタンの流れを開始させ、次に、圧電点火器13を作動させることになる。タンクは、使用中は、部分的に取り外された位置に留まる。主弁が開いている間、ブタンは、熱調整器17を通り気化器20に流入する。周囲の空気は、スロット19を通ってケーシングに入る。気化器のベンチュリ管は、空気を巻き込んで、それをブタンと混合させる。混合気は、加熱器16へと流れる。
点火器のリード線は、加熱器の中に配置されている。気体は、(気体が流れ始めた直後の)点火器の火花によって着火し、熱が加熱器に伝わり始める。熱は、伝導、対流、及び輻射によってカートリッジに伝達される。カートリッジはチャンバを一杯にする形に作られているので、熱伝導のための表面接触が最大になっている。
カートリッジが熱くなると、カートリッジ内と、その直ぐ上の空間の中に蒸気が発生する。ユーザーが装置を吸引すると、新鮮な空気が空気入口22を通って入り、蒸気と混ざり合い、混合気が、吸入路23を通してユーザーへ送られる。好適な実施形態では、1つ又は複数の空気入口は、カートリッジからの蒸気の抽出を改良するため下に向けられている。空気入口は、マウスピースを通り対角線に沿って、又は、カートリッジ上方のケーシング自体を通り横方向に向けられていてもよい。
図3は、加熱器16の詳細な図を示している。加熱器は、熱伝導性外殻26と触媒27を備えている。外殻は、1つの材料、又は一体に溶接又はプレスされた材料の組み合わせで構成されている。触媒は、プラチナ又はパラジウム含浸金属又はガラスでもよいし、当業者には既知の他の適した材料でもよい。触媒は、ブタンを効率的に無炎燃焼させる。加熱器の通気孔28は、図1に示す様に、本体のスロット29から見えるように配置されている。これにより、ユーザーは、加熱されると赤く輝いて装置が作動していることを示す触媒を見ることができる。
これも図3に示すように、熱調整器17は、加熱器に隣接し、熱的に密接している。加熱器の温度が上昇すると、調整器の温度も上昇する。調整器は、温度が上昇するとブタンの流れを制限し、而してフィードバックループを作るように設計されている。好適な実施形態では、調整器は、バイメタル条片60と、ブタンの導管であるシリコン管61とで構成されている。両者は、バイメタル条片は熱くなると巻いてシリコン管を締め付け、ブタンの流れを制限するように配置されている。ブタンの流れが制限されると、発生する熱は少なくなる。その後、加熱器が冷めると、調整器も冷めるので、ブタンが再び流れるようになる。その結果、全体的には、加熱器内に安定した作動温度が確立される。その様なシステムは、作動温度が華氏+/−5度(摂氏+/−3度)未満の範囲で変化するように容易に調整することができる。
調整器は、更に、バイメタル作動器が管弁を閉じる温度を調整することによって、作動温度を調整できるようにする可動背板62を備えている。これは、装置を較正するために製造業者のところで一度行われる。別の実施形態では、使用中に装置の目標温度を変えることできるようにするため、制御手段が用いられている。
好適な実施形態では、調整器は、部分的には、バイメタル条片とシリコン管弁を備えている。別の実施形態では、調整器は、後で述べる様な他の材料と構成を備えている。
この装置の大部分の植物性要素を蒸発させる目的で、所望の作動温度は、400F(204℃)未満であり、350F(177℃)未満であるのが望ましい。
好適な実施形態では、空気入口の直径は、吸入が幾らか抑制されるような寸法に作られている。これは、チャンバに入ってくる周囲の空気が加熱される時間を考慮し、作動温度に大して影響しないようにしている。これは、入ってくる空気の速度を上げ、蒸発チャンバ内の循環と混合を改良する効果もある。これは、更に、部分的な真空状態を作り出し、蒸発チャンバ内に含まれている材料の気化点温度を下げる。吸引速度の低下は、巻きタバコ又はパイプの吸引を印象付ける働きもする。新鮮な空気の入口と吸気路の両方は、装置の作動温度とユーザーの意図する認識に適した吸引速度を提供するため調整することができる。
カートリッジが消費されると、タンクをケーシング内へと押し戻し、主弁を閉じることによって、装置のスイッチが切られる。使い尽くされたタバコカートリッジは、装置を開き、本体を回すことによって外される。好適な実施形態では、カートリッジは、簡単に落ちる。別の実施形態では、機構を用いて、カートリッジを迅速且つ容易に取り外すこともできる。この機構は、必ずというわけではないが、装置の別の部分が動かされるか又は取り外される際にピン又は滑動部分を用いてカートリッジを排出することを含んでいる。取り外し機構は、異物の導入にも関わっている。
別の実施形態では、マウスピースは本体に永久的に取り付けられている。その場合、装置に内蔵されている滑動式又はヒンジ式ドア又は同様の手段を操作することによって、蒸発チャンバにアクセスすることができる。
装置の加熱器は、絶縁体24と共にケーシングの中に嵌め込まれている。絶縁体は、PEI(商標名Ultem)、セラミック、又は他の絶縁材料で作られている。絶縁体は、気密シールを作ると同時に、加熱器からケーシングへの熱伝達を最小にする働きをする。シールは、加熱器によって生成される排気が、蒸発チャンバに入るのを防ぐ。排気は、そうではなく、ケーシングのスロットから排気される。空気の入口はスロットから離れているので、吸込まれる蒸気混合気が加熱器の排気によって汚染されることは実質的にない。
別の実施形態では、絶縁体は、中が密閉された真空状態になっている部分的に中空の外殻である。別の実施形態では、加熱器は、真空炉内で蒸し焼きにすることによってケーシングに直接密封されるので、両者の間に真空状態が生じ、絶縁体構成要素が不要になっている。
好適な実施形態では、タンクは半透明な材料で作られている。これにより、ユーザーは、タンクの基部を見ることによって、残っている燃料のレベルを判断することができる。
好適な実施形態では、ケーシングは、(アルミニウムの様な)優れた熱導体又は(セラミックの様な)劣った熱導体の何れかの材料で作られている。どちらの場合も、効果は、本体が、その表面の大部分に触れることができるほど低温に保たれるということである。
好適な実施形態では、バイメタル作動器が調整器に用いられている。別の実施形態では、ニッケル−チタン合金(「ニチノール」)の様な形状記憶合金の作動器が用いられている。代わりに、伸縮してブタンの流れを調節するパラフィン充填構成要素を利用してもよい。代わりに、現在の温度を、例えば熱電対センサーを使って測定し、それを、例えばマイクロ制御器を使って所定の温度と比較し、電気機械弁、例えばサーボ又はソレノイド弁を制御する、システムを利用してもよい。先に述べた様に、ユーザーが温度を選択する実施形態では、選択された温度が、このシステムへの入力として用いられる。
好適な実施形態では、熱調整器が用いられている。別の実施形態では、装置は、能動調整要素無しで作られている。これにより、複雑さが減り、装置の全体コストが低下する。この場合、ブタンの流れは低いレベルに設定される。使用時、チャンバ内の温度は、導入される追加の熱が環境へ出て行く熱と等しい平衡点に至るまで上昇する。熱は、装置本体を通る伝導と、ユーザーに送られる蒸気によって失われる。この平衡点は、装置の作動温度を決定する。ブタンの流量、バーナーの寸法と材料、及び他の因子を変えることによって、システムは、十分に安定した所望の作動温度を提供できるように較正される。
好適なバイメタル調整器のフィードバックループ法の、平衡法を凌ぐ基本的な利点は、作動温度が、周囲の温度及び風の様な環境要因に左右されないことである。
好適な実施形態では、圧電点火器が用いられている。フリント開始器又はバッテリー駆動供給抵抗コイルの様な他の点火器を使用してもよい。
好適な実施形態では、ブタンタンクは補充可能に作られており、そのための口部25を有している。別の実施形態としては、タンクは、その燃料が使い尽くされると、廃棄できるようになっている。ピン又はカムの様な解除機構を利用すれば、ユーザーは、使い尽くされたタンクを迅速に取り外し、満タンのものに取り替えることができる。取替可能なタンクには、限定するわけではないが、点火器と加熱器を含む装置の追加部品が含まれる。ブタンは、好適な燃料源であるが、エタノールの様な他の液体燃料と取り替えてもよい。
本発明の別の実施形態では、様々なフィードバック手段を用いて装置に関する以下の状態又は測度、即ち、1)装置がオンになっている、2)蒸発チャンバの現在の温度、3)チャンバが所定の作動温度未満である、4)チャンバが所定の作動温度に達し、蒸気は消費される準備ができている、及び5)チャンバは所定の作動温度を越えている、を表示する。
フィードバックの手段は、物理的及び電気的方策の両方を含んでいる。熱彩色塗料、発光ダイオード、及び液晶ディスプレイなどが考えられる。電子フィードバックの感知及び制御手段は、当業者には知られている様に、熱電対及びマイクロ制御器を使用して具体化される。
植物性要素に含まれている活性成分は、異なる温度で蒸発する。好適な実施形態では、装置は、例えば、タバコだけ、又はカモミールだけを蒸発させるために、1つの安定した温度を確立するように較正される。別の実施形態では、制御手段を用いて、様々な温度設定を選択する。ユーザーは、使用されるカートリッジの型式に基づいて、何れかの設定を選択する。制御手段は、所望の温度に、弁の流量を変える等して機械的に、又は、電気機械弁及びマイクロ制御器の仲介による等して電子的に、影響を与える。
ブタンは、エネルギー密度が最も高くて実用的な燃料源であることが分かっている。本発明の別の実施形態では、ブタンの加熱システムは、バッテリー駆動電気加熱器又は他の小型の熱源に取り替えられている。
図4は、伝統的なパイプの形態に良く似ている別の実施形態の破断図である。この実施形態では、装置は、好適な実施形態からの重要な全ての要素を保持している。ユーザーは、タバコのカートリッジ40を、滑動式上部片41の下に挿入し、そこでカートリッジは加熱器42と噛み合う。タンク43に保持されている燃料は、タイヤル44を回転させ主弁45を開くことによって放出される。燃料は、調整器51を通り、気化器46を通り、そこで、吸入口47を通して空気を引き込み、好適な実施形態と同様の方法で触媒作用を及ぼす。カートリッジ40がその作動温度に達すると、ユーザーは、マウスピース48を口に入れ、吸入口49と、予め冷却されている蒸発経路50とを通して空気を吸引する。
図5は、タバコカートリッジ30の断面図を示している。好適な実施形態では、カートリッジは、包装紙32内に封入され、孔33と通気井戸34が設けられている、タバコ材料31で構成されている。包装されているカートリッジは、タバコ材料を、散らかすことなく容易に挿入及び廃棄することができるようにし、孔は、形成された蒸気が放出されるようにしている。カートリッジを使用し尽くしたときは、全体を容易に廃棄することができる。
ここで、タバコ又はタバコ材料は、嗜好又は医薬用途として気化させることのできる天然及び合成材料の任意の組み合わせと定義されている。一例として、1つの試験カートリッジが、熱風乾燥タバコ、グリセリン、及び香料を使って、本発明の実施形態として準備された。タバコ製品製造業の当業者であれば、巻きタバコ、葉巻などに用いられる以上及び他の成分について良く知っている。試験カートリッジは、タバコを微細片(直径3mm未満、望ましくは2mm未満)に刻み、他の成分を加え、均一な粘度になるまで混ぜ合わせることによって作られた。
好適な実施形態では、カートリッジは、基本的に円筒形である。他の実施形態では、形態は、様々な理由で修正される。一例として、カートリッジの壁は、蒸発チャンバに容易に挿入できるように抜き勾配が付けられている。そうでない場合は、カートリッジの底部は、差込口を有しており、差込口は、蒸発チャンバの表面空洞の相補型の造形と組み合わせられると、接触面積が大きくなり、従って、熱伝導が改良される。
作動温度に加熱されるとき大量の有害な気体を発生しない限り、どの様な材料を包装紙に用いてもよい。2つ例を挙げると、アルミニウム箔と硫酸紙である。カートリッジは、紙の場合、図6に示しているのと同様の折り畳み式カップのデザインで製造される。包装紙は、フィルム又は金属箔の場合、適切な形状にプレス又はブロー成形される。
好適な実施形態の製造中に、カートリッジは、全面が閉じられ、蒸気が上方向に発散できるように上部に孔が開けられる。孔を開ける段階又は追加の段階で、随意的に通気井戸が作られる。
別の実施形態では、カートリッジは、全面が包装されるが、上部は、図7に示している様に露出したままにされる。これは、包装紙の目的が、主に、タバコ材料が蒸発チャンバの側面と底部に接触するのを防ぐことにあるので、構わない。
別の実施形態では、カートリッジの上部の材料が蒸気透過性なので、孔は必要ない。
別の実施形態では、ユーザーが購入するカートリッジは、開口部を有していないが、装置に挿入される前に、又は蒸発装置への導入時に、孔が開けられる。後者は、中空の穿孔手段を、装置のマウスピース部分に追加することによって実現される。例えば、マウスピースの吸入路は、中空管によって伸ばされる。マウスピースが再挿入され、装置が閉じられると、マウスピースは、先に導入されているカートリッジを穿孔し、蒸気がユーザーまで出る経路ができる。
好適な実施形態では、タバコ材料は同質の混合物である。別の実施形態では、図8に示す様に、2つの層がある。湿潤層35は、蒸気形成材料の含有率が、フィルターとして作用する乾燥タバコ又は他の材料で構成されている乾燥層36よりも高い。乾燥層は、液体が加熱中に泡となってカートリッジから出るのを防ぐ働きをする。
別のカートリッジの実施形態では、下側の区画は、全体がグリセリンの様な蒸気形成媒体で構成されている。上側の領域は、気化されるタバコ材料で構成されており、両者は、媒体が蒸気又は気体相で通過するのだけを許容する材料によって分離されている。Gore-tex(商標名)は、その様な材料の1つである。使用時、下側の領域で生成された蒸気は、半透過性の膜を通過し、タバコの活性成分を揮発させ、両者の混合物が、吸入時にユーザーに送られる。
別の実施形態では、タバコ材料の粘度は、包装紙が必要ないほどである。これは、カートリッジの少なくとも外側表面が乾いていて、装置の内側に沈着物が残らないほどに粘着性である場合は、構わない。その様なカートリッジは、タバコ材料を金型の中で形成することによって作られる。出来上がった表面が過剰に湿っていれば、カートリッジをオーブン内で加熱することによって乾燥させることができる。
本発明は、上に述べた実施形態に限定されるのではなく、特許請求の範囲内の何れのそして全ての実施形態をも包含しているものと理解されたい。

Claims (8)

  1. 携帯式の手持ちの喫煙装置であって、
    中に空洞が配置されている蒸気チャンバと、
    前記蒸気チャンバの空洞と一致する形状を有する喫煙カートリッジと、
    包装紙と、を備えており、
    前記包装紙は、前記喫煙カートリッジの全側面と底面を包み、上面を、蒸気が出て行けるように露出したままにしている、ことを特徴とする喫煙装置。
  2. 前記喫煙カートリッジの上面は、蒸気透過性の材料で形成されている、請求項1に記載の喫煙装置。
  3. 前記喫煙カートリッジは、蒸気が出て行けるように、上面に孔を有している、請求項1に記載の喫煙装置。
  4. 前記喫煙カートリッジは、蒸気が出て行けるように、上面に通気井戸を有している、請求項1に記載の喫煙装置。
  5. 前記包装紙は、不透過性であり、前記側面と前記底面を覆い、前記上面は、前記蒸気チャンバの前記空洞表面を保護するために開いたままにしている、請求項1に記載の喫煙装置。
  6. 前記喫煙カートリッジは、加熱中にどの様な液体も泡となって前記喫煙カートリッジから出ることの無いようにするために、前記底面において湿潤層と、前記上面において乾燥層の二つの層を備えている、請求項1に記載の喫煙装置。
  7. 本体、前記本体内の加熱器であって、湿った喫煙可能な物質を加熱して吸入可能な蒸気を発生する加熱器、及び、マウスピースを有する装置と、
    前記湿った喫煙可能な物質を含むカートリッジと、
    を備えたキットであって、
    前記カートリッジが穿孔可能である、ことを特徴とするキット。
  8. 前記マウスピースが、前記カートリッジに孔を開けることができる少なくとも1つの突起部を備える、請求項7に記載のキット。
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