EP0853160A2 - Wagen zum Abziehen von auf Transportwagen gelagerten Langschienen - Google Patents
Wagen zum Abziehen von auf Transportwagen gelagerten Langschienen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0853160A2 EP0853160A2 EP97890239A EP97890239A EP0853160A2 EP 0853160 A2 EP0853160 A2 EP 0853160A2 EP 97890239 A EP97890239 A EP 97890239A EP 97890239 A EP97890239 A EP 97890239A EP 0853160 A2 EP0853160 A2 EP 0853160A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rail
- carriage
- long
- drive
- pulling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B29/00—Laying, rebuilding, or taking-up tracks; Tools or machines therefor
- E01B29/16—Transporting, laying, removing, or replacing rails; Moving rails placed on sleepers in the track
- E01B29/17—Lengths of rails assembled into strings, e.g. welded together
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rail-movable carriage for pulling Long rails mounted on trolleys, with one on rail trolleys supported trolley frame and a rail pulling device for grasping and moving a long rail in the longitudinal direction of the carriage.
- Such a rail puller is known from EP 0 467 001 B1, whereby the rail pulling device similar to a crane boom with guide rollers and a rail clamp is formed. This to capture the deductible Long rail-shaped pliers are driven by a drive in the pulling direction longitudinally displaceable. The long rail is repeated by Captured by the rail clamp and repeated return of the Rail pull-off device gradually towards a pull-off device postponed. With this, the rail track is pushed forward towards the front end of a track laying train.
- This well-known Rail pulling device is inefficient and, above all, requires a low-friction mounting of the long rails on rollers in order to reduce the pulling resistance to minimize.
- the object of the present invention is to create a rail-driven wagon of the generic type, with which too Long rails that are not upstream and especially long are easily removable.
- the rail trigger device from a two deflection rollers spaced apart from one another and having an axis of rotation deflectable, equipped with a drive caterpillar chain in the pulling direction contact plates arranged one behind the other for contact with the Long rail and one by a drive in relation to the caterpillar track adjustable and rollable abutment is formed on the long rail.
- This rail-pulling device which acts like a pincer, provides a special feature high pull-off force available, so that for example 120-meter-long Rails are easily removable.
- the pulling forces are to be increased in such a way that also only supported on intermediate layers of long rails inevitably a particularly high resistance to displacement oppose, are peelable.
- the preferably at least in width contact plates to be formed on the rail foot allow a maximum Contact or contact surface, even with particularly high contact forces damage of the long rail of around 32 tons is to be excluded.
- Another particular advantage of the rail pulling device is also because the deduction can be carried out continuously is so that parallel to the rail pull in connection with one track laying machine connected to the wagon also a continuous Threshold laying and laying the removed long rails is feasible on the installed sleepers.
- a carriage 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for pulling on transport carriages 2 long rails 3 is mounted with two mutually independent Rail pulling devices 4 for gripping and moving the long rails 3 equipped.
- the rail pulling devices 4 are on one attached to rail carriages 5 supported car frame 6, the common with the neighboring trolley 2 in a not shown Track laying train for the continuous laying of a new one the long rails 3 and new sleepers formed track incorporated is.
- the two rail pulling devices 4 are in the transverse direction of each other spaced apart and each from an approximately in the longitudinal direction running track chain 7 and an abutment located above 8 formed. Both rail pulling devices 4 are both by one vertical as well as horizontal and perpendicular to the machine longitudinal direction extending axis 20.46 pivotally mounted.
- this is made up of four in the conveying direction Double track rim rollers 18 arranged one behind the other with parallel to the axis of rotation 10 extending axes 19 formed abutments 8 in the vertical direction positioned above the crawler belt 7 and adjustable in relation to this educated.
- Two of the four double-track roller wheels 18 are in each case an axis 21 running parallel to the axes 19 is pivotable a yoke 22 mounted, which in turn is pivotable on one end Support frame 13 articulated and at its other end with a drive 23 is connected.
- each yoke 22 of the abutment 8 two drives spaced apart from one another in the transverse direction of the carriage 23 assigned, each with its lower ends on the support frame 13 of the rail pull-off device 4 are fastened.
- the double track wheel pulleys 18 each have two spaced apart in the direction of the axis 19 Flanges 24 on, so that a rail head 25 of the long rail 3 between the flanges 24 can be centered.
- the rail pull-off device 4 is fastened on a telescopic support 26, by a drive 27 horizontally and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the car is designed to be extendable and fastened to the carriage frame 6.
- the carrier 26 together with the rail pulling device 4 is around the horizontal and perpendicular to the carriage longitudinal axis 46 with With the help of a swivel drive 28.
- the pivoting of the Rail pulling device 4 about the vertical axis 20 relative to the carrier 26 is carried out by a further swivel drive 29 (see FIG. 4).
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are adjacent to the transport carriage 2 End of the car 1 two winches 30 and one by one Drive 31 height-adjustable, vertical and horizontal guide roller 32 is provided for supporting the two long rails 3 to be removed.
- a pull rope 33 which can be wound on the winch 30 is at the end connected to a clamp hook 34 and a return rope 35. This can in each case be wound on a cable winch 36 only shown in FIG. 1.
- In the longitudinal direction of the carriage between the two winches 30 and the rail take-off devices 4 are two height and by drives 37 laterally adjustable on the carriage frame 6 fixed rail guides 38 are provided.
- each clamp hook 34 moved in the direction of the long rails 3 to be removed. To do this the two winches 30 are depressurized.
- the two return cables 35 diverting pulleys 39 can be moved mounted on a support frame 40. After connecting each with a quick release equipped clamping hook 34 with a long rail 3 their deduction in the deduction direction shown by arrow 14 as soon as the respective cable winch 30 acts to wind up the pull cable 33 is. In parallel, the associated winch 36 is depressurized.
- the clamping hooks 34 are released, the drives 23 for pressing on the double track roller 18 on the long rail 3 and the drives 11 applied to the rotation of the caterpillar tracks 7.
- the drives 28, 29 are depressurized.
- 120 meters long Pulling off long rails is, according to experience, for the double-track roller wheels 18 a contact pressure of 32 tons is required.
- the one to pull off the long rails 3 required tensile force is about 8 tons.
- the pull-off force to be transmitted through the contact plates 15 of the crawler belt 7 can still be selected by appropriate choice of plate material and Increase track length 7.
- the two rail pullers 4 are expediently at the distance from the winches 30 Position the end of the carriage so that there is between the transport carriage 2 and Rail pulling devices 4 can form a corresponding bending line.
- the two long rails 3 are loaded of the two drives 11 on one, for example, by the input described EP 0 467 001 B1 known track laying train to the front End transported further.
- the rail pulling devices 4 pulled off long rails 3 immediately come to rest in front of the caterpillar tracks 7 (see Fig. 1), the deduction stopped at short notice.
- Next are described in the Way two more long rails 3 with the help of the clamp hooks 34 and Cable winches 30 are pulled off the trolley 2 until the front ends this long rails 3 the rear ends of the already through the two Rail pulling devices 4 touch long rails 3.
- the carriage 1 described with the rail trigger devices 4 can of course also in connection with already known and in the introduction to the description also listed rail loading trains (DE 12 08 326 B) for Pull off the long rails transported to the construction site.
- abutment 8 is also formed as a crawler belt 42, the can optionally also have its own drive for rotation.
- the upper caterpillar track 42 makes contact during the withdrawal of the long rail 3 whose rail head is and with the help of drives 23 towards the lower Track 7 pressed.
- the upper crawler belt 42 is displaceable in height stored in a support frame 43 which is horizontal and Axis 45 extending perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wagon is pivotable a lower support frame 44 connected to the carriage frame 6 is.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
- Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
- Carriers, Traveling Bodies, And Overhead Traveling Cranes (AREA)
- Handcart (AREA)
- Platform Screen Doors And Railroad Systems (AREA)
- Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- Schienenverfahrbarer Wagen (1) zum Abziehen von auf Transportwagen (2) gelagerten Langschienen (3), mit einem auf Schienenfahrwerken (5) abgestützten Wagenrahmen (6) und einer Schienenabzugvorrichtung (4) zum Erfassen und Verschieben einer Langschiene (3) in Wagenlängsrichtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schienenabzugvorrichtung (4) aus einer um zwei voneinander distanzierte, eine Drehachse (10) aufweisende Umlenkrollen (9) umlenkbaren, mit einem Antrieb (11) ausgestatteten Raupenkette (7) mit in Abziehrichtung hintereinander angeordneten Kontaktplatten (15) zur Anlage an die Langschiene (3) sowie einem durch einen Antrieb (23) in Bezug auf die Raupenkette (7) verstellbaren und auf der Langschiene (3) abrollbaren Widerlager (8) gebildet ist.
- Wagen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schienenabzugvorrichtung (4) um eine vertikale Achse (20) verschwenkbar am Wagenrahmen (6) befestigt ist.
- Wagen nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das in Form von wenigstens zwei in Abziehrichtung hintereinander angeordneten Doppelspurkranzrollen (18) mit parallel zur Drehachse (10) verlaufenden Achsen (19) ausgebildete Widerlager (8) in vertikaler Richtung oberhalb der Raupenkette (7) positioniert ist.
- Wagen nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß insgesamt vier Doppelspurkranzrollen (18) mittig zwischen den beiden Drehachsen (10) der Raupenkette (7) vorgesehen sind.
- Wagen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schienenabzugvorrichtung (4) auf einem Träger (26) befestigt ist, der durch einen Antrieb (27) horizontal und senkrecht zur Wagenlängsrichtung verlängerbar ausgebildet und am Wagenrahmen (6) befestigt ist.
- Wagen nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Träger (26) um eine horizontal und senkrecht zur Wagenlängsrichtung verlaufende Achse (46) verschwenkbar am Wagenrahmen (6) gelagert und mit einem Schwenkantrieb (28) verbunden ist.
- Wagen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an einem Wagenende eine Seilwinde (30) sowie eine durch einen Antrieb (31) höhenverstellbare Führungsrolle (32) zur Abstützung der Langschiene (3) vorgesehen ist.
- Wagen nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei voneinander unabhängige Schienenabzugvorrichtungen (4) am von der Seilwinde (30) weiter distanzierten Wagenende angeordnet sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT3097 | 1997-01-10 | ||
AT30/97 | 1997-01-10 | ||
AT3097 | 1997-01-10 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0853160A2 true EP0853160A2 (de) | 1998-07-15 |
EP0853160A3 EP0853160A3 (de) | 2002-12-04 |
EP0853160B1 EP0853160B1 (de) | 2004-05-12 |
Family
ID=3479671
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97890239A Expired - Lifetime EP0853160B1 (de) | 1997-01-10 | 1997-11-27 | Wagen zum Abziehen von auf Transportwagen gelagerten Langschienen |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5961271A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0853160B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3828653B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1106485C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE266769T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU722775B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2226615C (de) |
DE (1) | DE59711617D1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0853160T3 (de) |
PL (1) | PL186255B1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2132895C1 (de) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1028194A1 (de) * | 1999-02-12 | 2000-08-16 | Robel Bahnbaumaschinen GmbH | Vorrichtung zum Abladen von Schienen |
AT413710B (de) * | 2004-03-30 | 2006-05-15 | Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz | Transportfahrzeug und verfahren |
FR2968018A1 (fr) * | 2010-11-29 | 2012-06-01 | Europ De Travaux Ferroviaires Etf | Procede de construction de voie ferree. |
FR2983877A1 (fr) * | 2011-12-12 | 2013-06-14 | Europ De Travaux Ferroviaires Etf | Wagon pousseur de rails. |
WO2014080118A1 (fr) * | 2012-11-23 | 2014-05-30 | Etf | Train et procédé de renouvellement de rails ferroviaires |
CN114940191A (zh) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-08-26 | 中车哈尔滨车辆有限公司 | 一种铁路平车及其车体 |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT6158U3 (de) * | 2003-01-29 | 2004-03-25 | Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz | Maschine zur behandlung eines gleises |
US6981452B2 (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2006-01-03 | Herzog Contracting Corp. | Method and apparatus for unloading ribbon rails from rail cars |
EP1799909B1 (de) | 2004-08-20 | 2016-03-09 | Loram Maintenance Of Way, Inc. | Langschienen-abnehmer- und -ablieferungssystem |
US7707943B2 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2010-05-04 | Herzog Contracting Corp. | Self-propelled rail unloading machine |
ES2361309B1 (es) * | 2009-06-23 | 2012-05-16 | Fcc Construccion S.A. | Procedimiento de instalación de v�?a férrea, sobre balasto, sin v�?a auxiliar. |
US8181577B2 (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2012-05-22 | Herzog Contracting Corp. | Rail train |
CN102767126A (zh) * | 2012-08-13 | 2012-11-07 | 浙江天铁实业股份有限公司 | 一种轨道交通线路维修设备 |
CN102797201B (zh) * | 2012-09-05 | 2015-04-29 | 董涛 | 一种简支梁轨排铺设车 |
CN102899994B (zh) * | 2012-10-16 | 2014-12-24 | 中铁十九局集团有限公司 | 板式无砟轨道板施工车 |
CN104452498A (zh) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-03-25 | 株洲旭阳机电科技开发有限公司 | 一种钢轨快速换轨方法 |
CN103669135B (zh) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-06-17 | 中国北车集团沈阳机车车辆有限责任公司 | 拨轨装置及作业尾车 |
ES2522923B1 (es) * | 2014-01-27 | 2015-09-08 | Ferrovial Agromán S.A. | Plataforma ferroviaria para la descarga de trenes carrileros |
ES2561928B1 (es) * | 2014-04-11 | 2017-01-04 | Ferrovial Agroman, S.A. | Procedimiento de montaje de vías de ferrocarril |
CN109811604B (zh) * | 2019-03-20 | 2024-04-09 | 中铁一局集团有限公司 | 一种长钢轨跨股道拨移装置 |
RU2724078C1 (ru) * | 2019-07-01 | 2020-06-19 | Федеральное государственное казённое военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военная академия материально-технического обеспечения им. генерала армии А.В. Хрулёва" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации | Способ обособленного длительного хранения элементов одиночного железнодорожного стрелочного перевода на деревянных шпалах |
RU2715318C1 (ru) * | 2019-07-01 | 2020-02-26 | Федеральное государственное казённое военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военная академия материально-технического обеспечения им. генерала армии А.В. Хрулёва" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации | Способ обособленного длительного хранения элементов рельсошпальной решётки железнодорожного пути на деревянных шпалах |
CN114763170B (zh) * | 2021-01-15 | 2023-07-14 | 中车沈阳机车车辆有限公司 | 钢轨转移装置及长钢轨运输车组 |
CN114162632A (zh) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-11 | 安徽海螺中南智能机器人有限责任公司 | 一种袋装物料换道继续装车的方法 |
CN114438835A (zh) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-05-06 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所 | 百米定尺轨的连续卸轨施工工艺 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1208326B (de) | 1963-04-20 | 1966-01-05 | Robel & Co G | Auf- und Abladeeinrichtung fuer Schienen, insbesondere Langschienen |
DE2734748B2 (de) | 1977-08-02 | 1979-12-13 | Georg Robel Gmbh & Co, 8000 Muenchen | Fahrbare Einrichtung zum Transport sowie zum Auf- und Abladen von Schienen, insbesondere Langschienen |
EP0467001B1 (de) | 1990-07-19 | 1993-09-29 | Scheuchzer S.A. | Zug zum Verlegen neuer Gleise und Verfahren zum Verlegen derselben mit einem solchen Zug |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1200853B (de) * | 1960-02-04 | 1965-09-16 | Heinrich Arneke & Co Kom Ges | Vorrichtung zum Abziehen von Langschienen von schienengebundenen Plattformwagen |
US3330219A (en) * | 1963-09-23 | 1967-07-11 | Plasser Franz | Method and apparatus for replacing an old track by a new track |
US3557703A (en) * | 1968-08-08 | 1971-01-26 | John E Moorefield | Railway rail handling apparatus |
US4028903A (en) * | 1975-11-12 | 1977-06-14 | Hydrotech International, Inc. | Method and apparatus for maneuvering pipe ends in a subsea location |
US4076130A (en) * | 1976-02-27 | 1978-02-28 | Hydrotech International, Inc. | Apparatus for mounting a coupling member over a pipe end in a subsea location |
CH630680A5 (de) * | 1977-04-21 | 1982-06-30 | Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz | Fahrbare einrichtung zum aufnehmen und/oder verlegen von aus schienen und schwellen bestehenden gleisjochen, weichenjochen oder ganzen weichen. |
AT389338B (de) * | 1987-02-06 | 1989-11-27 | Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz | Gleisverfahrbare anlage bzw. maschinenkombination zum aufnehmen, transportieren und ablegen bzw. auswechseln von guetern, insbesondere schwellen |
IT1214197B (it) * | 1987-08-04 | 1990-01-10 | Danieli Off Mecc | Sistema per alimentare ed evacuare in continuo materiali in operazioni di risanamento piattaforme ferroviarie e simili. |
DE4418303B4 (de) * | 1994-05-26 | 2010-12-30 | Robel Bahnbaumaschinen Gmbh | Schienenverladezug zum Transportieren von Langschienen |
-
1997
- 1997-11-27 DK DK97890239T patent/DK0853160T3/da active
- 1997-11-27 EP EP97890239A patent/EP0853160B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-27 DE DE59711617T patent/DE59711617D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-27 AT AT97890239T patent/ATE266769T1/de active
-
1998
- 1998-01-05 RU RU98101115A patent/RU2132895C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-01-06 PL PL98324157A patent/PL186255B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-01-09 JP JP00275498A patent/JP3828653B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-09 CA CA002226615A patent/CA2226615C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-09 AU AU50409/98A patent/AU722775B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-01-09 CN CN98103909A patent/CN1106485C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-12 US US09/005,878 patent/US5961271A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1208326B (de) | 1963-04-20 | 1966-01-05 | Robel & Co G | Auf- und Abladeeinrichtung fuer Schienen, insbesondere Langschienen |
DE2734748B2 (de) | 1977-08-02 | 1979-12-13 | Georg Robel Gmbh & Co, 8000 Muenchen | Fahrbare Einrichtung zum Transport sowie zum Auf- und Abladen von Schienen, insbesondere Langschienen |
EP0467001B1 (de) | 1990-07-19 | 1993-09-29 | Scheuchzer S.A. | Zug zum Verlegen neuer Gleise und Verfahren zum Verlegen derselben mit einem solchen Zug |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1028194A1 (de) * | 1999-02-12 | 2000-08-16 | Robel Bahnbaumaschinen GmbH | Vorrichtung zum Abladen von Schienen |
AT413710B (de) * | 2004-03-30 | 2006-05-15 | Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz | Transportfahrzeug und verfahren |
FR2968018A1 (fr) * | 2010-11-29 | 2012-06-01 | Europ De Travaux Ferroviaires Etf | Procede de construction de voie ferree. |
FR2968017A1 (fr) * | 2010-11-29 | 2012-06-01 | Europ De Travaux Ferroviaires Etf | Procede de construction de voie ferree. |
WO2012072901A1 (fr) * | 2010-11-29 | 2012-06-07 | Europeenne De Travaux Ferroviaires (Etf) | Procede de construction de voie ferree |
WO2012072921A1 (fr) * | 2010-11-29 | 2012-06-07 | Europeenne De Travaux Ferroviaires (Etf) | Procede de construction de voie ferree |
FR2983877A1 (fr) * | 2011-12-12 | 2013-06-14 | Europ De Travaux Ferroviaires Etf | Wagon pousseur de rails. |
WO2013088022A1 (fr) | 2011-12-12 | 2013-06-20 | Etf | Wagon pousseur de rails |
WO2014080118A1 (fr) * | 2012-11-23 | 2014-05-30 | Etf | Train et procédé de renouvellement de rails ferroviaires |
FR2998590A1 (fr) * | 2012-11-23 | 2014-05-30 | Europ De Travaux Ferroviaires Etf | Train et procede de renouvellement de rails ferroviaires a haut rendement. |
CN114940191A (zh) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-08-26 | 中车哈尔滨车辆有限公司 | 一种铁路平车及其车体 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59711617D1 (de) | 2004-06-17 |
US5961271A (en) | 1999-10-05 |
JP3828653B2 (ja) | 2006-10-04 |
DK0853160T3 (da) | 2004-08-16 |
ATE266769T1 (de) | 2004-05-15 |
AU722775B2 (en) | 2000-08-10 |
AU5040998A (en) | 1998-07-16 |
CA2226615C (en) | 2005-01-04 |
PL186255B1 (pl) | 2003-12-31 |
EP0853160B1 (de) | 2004-05-12 |
CN1106485C (zh) | 2003-04-23 |
CA2226615A1 (en) | 1998-07-10 |
JPH10195804A (ja) | 1998-07-28 |
PL324157A1 (en) | 1998-07-20 |
RU2132895C1 (ru) | 1999-07-10 |
CN1187558A (zh) | 1998-07-15 |
EP0853160A3 (de) | 2002-12-04 |
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