CN1217812A - 氧化物磁性材料、铁氧体颗粒、烧结磁体、粘结磁体、磁记录介质和电机 - Google Patents

氧化物磁性材料、铁氧体颗粒、烧结磁体、粘结磁体、磁记录介质和电机 Download PDF

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CN1217812A
CN1217812A CN98800162.4A CN98800162A CN1217812A CN 1217812 A CN1217812 A CN 1217812A CN 98800162 A CN98800162 A CN 98800162A CN 1217812 A CN1217812 A CN 1217812A
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hcj
equal
ferrite
sintered magnet
strontium
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CN1155022C (zh
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田口仁
饭田和昌
增泽清幸
皆地良彦
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TDK Corp
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Abstract

本发明的目的在于通过实现其饱和磁化强度和磁各向异性均高的六方铁氧体,来提供一种具有已有技术的六方铁氧体磁体无法实现的高剩磁和高矫顽力的铁氧化磁体;提供具有高剩磁和高矫顽力的铁氧体磁体,其矫顽力的温度相关性明显改善而且即使在低温范围内矫顽力的降低也很小;提供具有高剩磁和高矫顽力的铁氧体磁体,其使用颗粒直径超过1μm的相对粗的铁氧体颗粒;提供具有高剩磁和热稳定性好的磁记录介质。为了实现这些目的,采用如下材料构成铁氧体颗粒、烧结磁体、粘结磁体和磁记录介质,即包括具有六方结构的铁氧体主相的氧化物磁性材料,并且其组成包含A、R、Fe和M,其中,A是选自Sr、Ba、Ca和Pb中的至少一种元素,A中必须包含锶,R是选自Bi和包括Y的稀土元素中的至少一种元素,R中必须包含La,M是Co或者Co和Zn,全部各个元素相对于全体金属元素的含量的比例是:A:1-13原子%,R:0.05-10原子%,Fe:80-85原子%,M:0.1-5原子%。

Description

氧化物磁性材料、铁氧体颗粒、烧结磁体、 粘结磁体、磁记录介质和电机
本发明涉及均包含铁氧体的磁体粉末和烧结磁体、均包含所述磁体粉末的粘结磁体和磁记录介质、具有含铁氧体相的薄膜磁层的磁记录介质和使用这些磁体的电机。
氧化物永磁材料包括六方晶系的锶铁氧体和钡铁氧体。通常,主要使用磁铅石型(M型)的锶或钡铁氧体,制成烧结磁体和粘结磁体。
磁体性能中,剩余磁通密度(Br)和内禀矫顽力(HcJ)最为重要。
磁体的Br由磁体的密度和取向度决定,饱和磁化强度(4πIs)由其晶体结构决定,并由下式表达:
Br=4πIs×取向度×密度M型锶和钡铁氧体具有约4.65kG的4πIs值。即使在具有的最高值的烧结磁体的情形,密度和取向度也存在约98%的上限。因此,这些磁体的Br限制在约4.46kG。已有技术中实现大于4.5kG的Br值是基本不可能的。
本发明人在JP-A115715/1997中发现,包含适量的La和Zn,可以使M型铁氧体的4πIs最大提高约200G,从而实现至少4.5kG的Br值。但是此时,由于以下将说明的各向异性场(HA)降低了,难以同时获得至少4.5kG的Br值和至少3.5kOe的HcJ。
HcJ与各向异性场(HA=2K1/Is)乘以单磁畴晶粒分数(fc)的乘积(HA×fc)成正比。这里,K1是与Is一样由晶体结构决定的磁晶各向异性常数。M型钡铁氧体具有的K1=3.3×106erg/cm3,M型锶铁氧体具有的K1=3.5×106erg/cm3。已知M型锶铁氧体具有最大的K1,虽然其难以实现K1的进一步改善。
另一方面,如果铁氧体颗粒为单磁畴状态,则可期望实现最大的HcJ,这是因为为了使磁化状态反向,必须抵抗各向异性场地旋转磁化状态。为了使铁氧体颗粒是单磁畴颗粒,铁氧体颗粒尺寸必须减小至由下式给出的临界直径(dc)以下:dc=2(k·Tc·K1/a)1/2/Is2
这里,k是玻尔兹曼常数,Tc是居里温度,a是铁离子之间的距离。例如由于M型锶铁氧体具有约1μm的dc,所以对于制造烧结磁体而言,必须把烧结体的晶粒尺寸控制在1μm以下。尽管已有技术中在提高密度和取向度以便实现较大的Br的同时,难以实现这种细微晶粒,但本发明人在JP-A53064/1994中提出了新的制备方法,并证明获得了已有技术中尚未发现的较好性能。但是即便按该方法,Br是4.4kG时的HcJ大约是4.0kOe,难以在保持至少4.4kG的高Br的同时,实现至少4.5kOe的高HcJ。
为了把烧结体的晶粒尺寸控制在1μm以下,当考虑了烧结阶段中的晶粒生长,模压阶段的颗粒尺寸应最好控制在0.5μm以下。使用这种细微颗粒通常造成生产率的降低,这是因为模压时间延长,模压产生更多的裂缝。所以极难找到性能提高和高生产率之间的平衡。
而且,已知已有技术中添加Al2O3和Cr2O3对实现高HcJ是有效的。此时,Al3+和Cr3+通过置换在M型结构中具有“向上”自旋的Fe3+有利于提高HA和抑制晶粒生长,从而实现至少4.5kOe的高HcJ。但是,随着Is的降低,烧结密度也同样降低,结果Br明显降低。因此,就提供4.5kOe的HcJ的组成而言,最高也只能获得约4.2kG的Br。
同时,传统的M型铁氧体烧结磁体具有约+13Oe/℃的HcJ温度相关性和约+0.3~0.5%/℃的相当高的温度系数。这导致HcJ在低温侧产生较大下降的退磁的可能性。为了避免这种退磁,室温的HcJ必须大到例如约5kOe,但这样基本上不可能同时获得高Br。M型铁氧体磁体粉末的HcJ的温度相关性优于各向异性烧结磁体,但仍旧是至少+8Oe/℃的数量级,其温度系数至少是+0.15%/℃,这样则难以进一步改善温度特性。
本发明人在JP-A53064/1994中提出通过粉碎铁氧体颗粒产生结晶应变,可以降低HcJ的温度变化率。但是此时,颗粒的HcJ同时也降低。这样,即使M型锶铁氧体的尺寸是亚微米,也难以同时获得高HcJ和HcJ优异的温度特性。
由于铁氧体磁体对周围环境的适应性好而且也廉价,所以常常用于汽车各部位的电机。由于汽车可以在极冷或极热环境下使用,所以要求电机在这种恶劣环境下也能稳定工作。但是,传统的铁氧体磁体存在如下问题,如上所述在低温环境矫顽力发生实质性降低,会发生称为“低温退磁”的不可逆退磁。
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有高剩磁和高矫顽力的铁氧体磁体,其性能在已有技术的六方晶系铁氧体磁体中是不可能实现的,这是通过饱和磁化强度和磁各向异性均较高的六方晶系铁氧体来实现的。本发明的另一目的在于提供一种高剩磁和高矫顽力的铁氧体磁体,同时其矫顽力的温度特性明显改善,即使在低温范围矫顽力也呈现最小的降低。本发明的再一目的在于提供一种高剩磁和高矫顽力的铁氧体磁体,其采用颗粒尺寸超过1μm的相对粗大的铁氧体颗粒。本发明的又一目的在于提供一种具有高剩磁和热稳定性的磁记录介质。本发明的进一步目的在于提供一种尺寸和重量均可降低的高效率和大转矩的电机。
采用如下(1)~(15)所述构成之一实现这些和其它目的。
(1)一种氧化物磁性材料,包括具有六方结构的铁氧体主相,并且其组成包含A、R、Fe和M,其中,
A是选自锶、钡、钙和铅组成的集合中的至少一种元素,A中必须包含锶,
R是选自铋和包括钇的稀土元素组成的集合中的至少一种元素,R中必须包含镧,
M是钴或者钴和锌,全部各个元素相对于全体金属元素的含量的比例如下
A:1~13原子%
R:0.05~10原子%
Fe:80~95原子%
M:0.1~5原子%
(2)根据(1)的氧化物磁性材料,其由下式(Ⅰ)表示:
A1-xRx(Fe12-yMy)zO19其中0.04≤x≤0.9,0.04≤y≤0.5,0.7≤z≤1.2。
(3)根据(1)的氧化物磁性材料,其中钴在M中的比例至少是10原子%。
(4)包括(1)的氧化物磁性材料的铁氧体颗粒。
(5)根据(4)的铁氧体颗粒,其中氧化物磁性材料由下式(Ⅰ)表示:A1-xRx(Fe12-yMy)zO19其中0.04≤x≤0.9,0.04≤y≤0.5,0.8≤x/y≤20,0.7≤z≤1.2。
(6)一种铁氧体颗粒,包括A、R、Fe和M,其中,
A是选自锶、钡、钙和铅组成的集合中的至少一种元素,A中必须包含锶,
R是选自铋和包括钇的稀土元素组成的集合中的至少一种元素,R中必须包含镧,
M是钴或者钴和锌,所述铁氧体颗粒具有的内禀矫顽力(HcJ)和矫顽力的温度相关性(Oe/℃)满足下式(Ⅲ):|ΔHcJ/ΔT|≤5/3HcJ-7/3其中|ΔHcJ/ΔT|代表-50℃~50℃之间的内禀矫顽力(HcJ)的温度相关性(Oe/℃)的数值,HcJ的单位是kOe。
(7)包含根据(4)的铁氧体颗粒的粘结磁体。
(8)包含根据(1)的氧化物磁性材料的烧结磁体。
(9)根据(8)的烧结磁体,其中氧化物磁性材料由下式(Ⅱ)代表:A1-xRx(Fe12-yMy)zO19其中0.04≤x≤0.9,0.04≤y≤0.5,0.4≤x/y≤4,0.7≤z≤1.2。
(10)根据(8)的烧结磁体,其在25℃具有的内禀矫顽力HcJ(单位kOe)和剩磁Br(单位kG),当HcJ≥4时,满足下式(Ⅳ):
Br+1/3HcJ≥5.75当HcJ<4时,满足下式(Ⅴ):
Br+1/10HcJ≥4.82
(11)根据(8)的烧结磁体,其在-25℃具有的矫顽力HcJ(单位kOe)和剩磁Br(单位kG)满足下式(Ⅵ):
Br+1/3HcJ≥5.95
(12)根据(8)的烧结磁体,其中在-50℃~50℃之间的矫顽力的温度系数的数值最高为0.25%/℃。
(13)一种烧结磁体,包括A、R、Fe和M,其中,
A是选自锶、钡、钙和铅组成的集合中的至少一种元素,A中必须包含锶,
R是选自铋和包括钇的稀土元素组成的集合中的至少一种元素,R中必须包含镧,
M是钴或者钴和锌,
所述烧结磁体具有的矫顽力HcJ(单位kOe)和剩磁(单位kG),当HcJ≥4时,满足下式(Ⅳ):
Br+1/3HcJ≥5.75当HcJ<4时,满足下式(Ⅴ):
Br+1/10HcJ≥4.82
(14)一种烧结磁体,包括A、R、Fe和M,其中,
A是选自锶、钡、钙和铅组成的集合中的至少一种元素,A中必须包含锶,
R是选自铋和包括钇的稀土元素组成的集合中的至少一种元素,R中必须包含镧,
M是钴或者钴和锌,
所述烧结磁体在-25℃具有的矫顽力HcJ(单位kOe)和剩磁Br(单位kG)满足下式(Ⅵ):
Br+1/3HcJ≥5.95
(15)包含根据(8)的烧结磁体的电机。
(16)一种磁记录介质,包括含根据(1)的氧化物磁性材料的薄膜磁层。
根据本发明,调整六方锶铁氧体的组成,以使至少镧和钴以最佳含量包含在内,如上述公式任意一项所示。结果,通过提高Is而不是降低Is,并通过同时提高K1,则可以提高HA,从而实现高Br和高HcJ。更具体地讲,本发明的烧结磁体容易获得在室温或25℃以上满足上述公式(Ⅳ)或(Ⅴ)的性能。对于已有技术的锶铁氧体烧结磁体,有报道实现了4.4kG的Br和4.0kOe的HcJ,但是没有具有至少4kOe的HcJ并满足上述公式(Ⅳ)的磁体。这是因为提高HcJ会导致Br的降低。当向本发明烧结磁体混合添加钴和锌时,矫顽力变得低于单独添加钴时的矫顽力,甚至低于4kOe,而剩磁则明显改善。这样获得满足上述公式(Ⅴ)的磁性能。已有技术中,还不能获得HcJ低于4kOe并满足上述公式(Ⅴ)的锶铁氧体烧结磁体。
根据本发明的铁氧体具有比已有技术大的各向异性常数(K1)或各向异性场(HA)。这样,本发明的铁氧体如果颗粒尺寸不变则可提供较高的HcJ,如果需要HcJ不变则可使颗粒尺寸较大。例如,当烧结磁体的平均颗粒尺寸为0.3~1μm时,可提供至少4.5kOe的HcJ,即使当平均颗粒尺寸为1~2μm时,也可提供至少3.5kOe的HcJ。这样可以减少粉碎时间和模压时间,也可以改善产品产量。
根据本发明的组成的M型铁氧体,其饱和磁化强度(4πIs)提高了约2%,磁晶各向异性常数(K1)或各向异性场(HA)最大值提高了10~20%。磁晶各向异性常数(K1)或各向异性场(HA)的精确测量并不容易,尚无确定的方法。可列举的方法包括利用扭矩计通过测量和分析各向异性样品的扭矩曲线,计算磁晶各向异性常数(K1,K2等)的方法,在易磁化方向(c轴)和难磁化方向(a轴)分别测量各向异性样品的初始磁化曲线,由它们的交叉点确定各向异性场(HA)的方法,和由难磁化方向(a轴)的各向异性样品的初始磁化曲线的二阶微分计算的方法。
当根据本发明的磁体的各向异性场(HA)的是由如下方法确定的时,即在易磁化方向(c轴)和难磁化方向(a轴)分别测量各向异性样品的初始磁化曲线,由它们的交叉点确定各向异性场(HA)的方法,获得了至少19kOe的高HA值,甚至最大值大于20kOe,如表6所示。这与已有技术组成的锶铁氧体相比最大值至少改善了10%。
虽然根据本发明制备的铁氧体颗粒需要与粘结剂例如塑料和橡胶混合以便形成粘结磁体,但特别当本发明应用于烧结磁体时,HcJ有较大的改善。
根据本发明的铁氧体颗粒和烧结磁体具有的HcJ的温度相关性得以降低,特别是,根据本发明的铁氧体颗粒具有最小的HcJ的温度相关性。更具体地讲,对于根据本发明的烧结磁体,在-50℃~50℃之间的HcJ温度系数值是12Oe/℃以下(0.25%/℃以下),并可以容易地降低到9Oe/℃以下(0.20%/℃以下)。对于根据本发明的铁氧体颗粒,在-50℃~50℃之间的HcJ温度系数值是7Oe/℃以下(0.1%/℃以下),并可以容易地降低到5Oe/℃以下(0.05%/℃以下),甚至温度系数可以降低为零。基于HcJ的温度特性的这种改善,获得在-25℃满足上式(Ⅵ)的磁性能。已有技术的锶铁氧体磁体不能实现这种在低温环境下的高磁性能。
本发明还涉及包括磁性层的涂敷型磁记录介质,该磁性层具有分散于粘结剂中的上述限定的铁氧体颗粒。本发明还涉及包括薄膜磁性层的磁记录介质,该磁性层具有与上述磁体相同的六方磁铅石型铁氧体相。在这两种情形中,通过利用铁氧体颗粒或相的高剩磁的优点,实现了以高输出和高信/噪比为特征的磁记录介质。而且,由于该磁记录介质可以作为垂直磁记录介质使用,所以可提高记录密度。此外,由于HcJ的温度系数值降低了,所以也可获得热稳定的磁记录介质。
同时,科学院科学通报USSR,物理卷(English Transl.),Vol.25,(1961)pp.1405-1408(以下称为参考文献1)公开了一种由下式表示的钡铁氧体:Ba1-xM3+ xFe12-xM2+ xO19在此钡铁氧体中,M3+是La3+、Pr3+或Bi3+,M2+是Co2+或Ni2+。参考文献1的钡铁氧体是粉末还是烧结磁体不定,对于本发明的锶铁氧体而言,包含镧和钴这一点是相同的。参考文献1的图1展示了含有镧和钴的钡铁氧体的饱和磁化强度是如何随x的变化而变化的。由图1可见,饱和磁化强度随x的增加而下降。而且图1还展示了矫顽力提高了几倍,但缺少数值数据。
相反,通过使用在锶铁氧体烧结磁体中含有最佳含量的镧和钴的组成,本发明实现了HcJ的实质性改善和Br的小量提高,达到了在HcJ的温度相关性上的实质性改善。此外,通过在锶铁氧体磁体粉末中含有最佳含量的镧和钴,本发明提高了HcJ并实质上降低了HcJ的温度相关性。由本发明人首先发现了对锶铁氧体组合添加镧和钴时,可以获得这些优点。
“印度纯物理和应用物理学报”,Vol.8,July 1970,pp.412-415(以下称为参考文献2)公开了如下式的铁氧体:La3+Me2+Fe3+ 11O19其中,Me2+是Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Co2+或Mg2+。此铁氧体在同时含有镧和钴这一点上与本发明的铁氧体颗粒和烧结磁体是一样的。但是参考文献2中,当Me2+是Co2+时,铁氧体的饱和磁矩σs在室温下低至42cgs单位,在0K下低至50cgs。而且,参考文献2中虽然缺少测量值,但其表明由于矫顽力低,所以该铁氧体不能用做磁体材料。这可能是因为参考文献2公开的铁氧体组成(过多含量的镧和钴)处于本发明的范围之外。
JP-A100417/1987(参考文献3)公开了组成由下式表示的等轴六方铁氧体颜料:Mx(Ⅰ)My(Ⅱ)Mz(Ⅳ)Fe12-(y+z)O19其中M(Ⅰ)是具有一价正离子的Sr、Ba或稀土金属的混合物,M(Ⅱ)是Fe(Ⅱ)、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd或Mg,M(Ⅳ)是Ti等。参考文献3中公开的六方铁氧体颜料在同时含有稀土金属和钴这一点上与本发明的铁氧体颗粒和烧结磁体相同。但是参考文献3没有任何一处说明同时添加镧和钴的实施例,并缺少共同添加这些元素有利于改善饱和磁化强度和矫顽力两者的说明。在添加钴的参考文献3的实施例中,同时添加钛作为元素M(Ⅳ)。由于元素M(Ⅳ)特别是钛可以降低饱和磁化强度和矫顽力两者,由此可见参考文献3没有给出本发明的构成和优点的指教。
JP-A119760/1987(参考文献4)公开了一种磁铅石型钡铁氧体的磁光记录材料,其特征在于用La部分置换Ba,用Co部分置换Fe。该钡铁氧体在含有镧和钴这一点上似乎与本发明的锶铁氧体类似。但是,参考文献4的铁氧体是用于“磁光记录”的材料,其模式是通过使用光的热效应在磁性薄膜中把记录信息写入磁畴,通过使用磁光效应读出信息,属于不同于本发明的磁体和“磁记录介质”的技术领域。而且,参考文献4仅公开了其中必须含有Ba、La和Co的组成式(Ⅰ)和其中额外添加四价或更多价金属离子(尽管没有限定)的组成式(Ⅱ)和(Ⅳ)。相反,本发明的铁氧体不同于参考文献4的组成,即本发明涉及必须含有锶并且添加适量镧和钴的锶铁氧体。亦即,正如前面结合参考文献1说明的,本发明的锶铁氧体实现了HcJ的实质性改善和Br的小量提高,通过使用其中含有最佳量的镧和钴的锶铁氧体组成达到了HcJ的温度相关性的实质性改善。由不同于参考文献4的本发明的组成首次实现了这些优点。
JP-B41218/1930(参考文献5)公开了通过向M型钡、锶或镨铁氧体的煅烧体添加CaO、SiO2、CoO或者Cr和Al2O3中的一种或两种,可以制备具有高矫顽力的铁氧体烧结体。但是,没有涉及稀土元素例如镧。实施例中给出的磁性能较差。具有相等Br的实施例之间的对比表明HcJ仅改善了约100Oe。这是因为与本发明相反没有含有稀土元素例如镧。参考文献5公开的铁氧体明显不同于本发明的铁氧体。
图1是锶铁氧体烧结磁体的磁性能与La和Co置换量(x,y)的关系曲线图。
图2是锶铁氧体烧结磁体的磁性能与La和Co置换量(x,y)的关系曲线图。
图3是锶铁氧体烧结磁体的磁性能与La和Co置换量(x,y)的关系曲线图。
图4是锶铁氧体烧结磁体的居里温度(Tc)与La和Co置换量(x,y)的关系曲线图。
图5是锶铁氧体烧结磁体的磁性能与煅烧和烧结温度的关系曲线图。
图6是展示晶粒结构的图形替代照片,并且是锶铁氧体煅烧体的SEM显微照片。
图7是展示晶粒结构的图形替代照片,并且是锶铁氧体煅烧体的SEM显微照片。
图8是展示晶粒结构的图形替代照片,并且是锶铁氧体煅烧体的SEM显微照片。
图9是展示晶粒结构的图形替代照片,并且是锶铁氧体烧结磁体剖面(平行于晶面)的SEM显微照片。
图10是展示晶粒结构的图形替代照片,并且是锶铁氧体烧结磁体剖面(平行于晶面)的SEM显微照片。
图11是展示晶粒结构的图形替代照片,并且是锶铁氧体烧结磁体剖面(平行于晶面)的SEM显微照片。
图12是展示晶粒结构的图形替代照片,并且是锶铁氧体烧结磁体剖面(平行于晶面)的SEM显微照片。
图13是锶铁氧体烧结磁体和钡铁氧体烧结磁体的(BH)max和Br与HcJ的关系曲线图。
图14是锶铁氧体煅烧体的HcJ的温度相关性的曲线图。
图15是锶铁氧体烧结磁体的HcJ的温度相关性的曲线图。
图16是各向异性场(HA)的测量中所用的立方锶铁氧体烧结磁体的透视图,展示了晶轴方向。
图17是展示锶铁氧体煅烧体的磁性能如何受相对于La置换的Co的置换影响的曲线图。
图18是展示锶铁氧体烧结磁体的磁性能如何受相对于La置换的Co的置换影响的曲线图。
图19是展示锶铁氧体烧结磁体的磁性能如何受相对于Zn置换的Co的置换影响的曲线图。
图20是用不同的La添加量实现的磁性能对比曲线图,展示了1200℃的煅烧温度下的Br-HcJ曲线。
图21是用不同的La添加量实现的磁性能对比曲线图,展示了1200℃的煅烧温度下的σs和HcJ。
图22是用不同的La添加量实现的磁性能对比曲线图,展示了1200℃的煅烧温度下的Hk/HcJ和(BH)max。
图23是用不同的La添加量实现的磁性能对比曲线图,展示了1300℃的煅烧温度下的Br-HcJ曲线。
图24是用不同的La添加量实现的磁性能对比曲线图,展示了1300℃的煅烧温度下的HcJ、Hk/HcJ和Br。
图25是用不同的La添加量实现的磁性能对比曲线图,展示了1300℃的煅烧温度下的Br和HcJ与x的曲线。
图26图解展示了1250℃的煅烧温度下的煅烧体的磁性能(σs和HcJ)。
图27图解展示了通过在空气中1220℃下烧结图26的煅烧体1小时获得的烧结磁体的磁性能(Br和HcJ)。
图28是用通过在100%氧浓度下烧结图26的煅烧体获得的烧结磁体的HcJ减去在20%氧浓度下烧结获得的烧结磁体的HcJ标绘的图。
本发明的氧化物磁性材料包括六方铁氧体主相,最好是六方磁铅石型(M型)铁氧体。其组成包含A、R、Fe和M,其中A是选自锶、钡、钙和铅组成的集合中的至少一种元素,A中必须包含锶,R是选自铋和包括钇的稀土元素组成的集合中的至少一种元素,R中必须包含镧,M是钴或者钴和锌,全部各个元素相对于全体金属元素的含量的比例如下
A:1~13原子%
R:0.05~10原子%
Fe:80~95原子%
M:0.1~5原子%优选组成是:
A:3~11原子%
R:0.2~6原子%
Fe:83~94原子%
M:0.3~4原子%更优选组成是:
A:3~9原子%
R:0.5~4原子%
Fe:86~93原子%
M:0.5~3原子%
对于各组成元素,A是选自锶、钡、钙和铅组成的集合中的至少一种元素,而且必须包含锶。A含量过少,则不能形成M型铁氧体或者形成较多的非磁性相例如α-Fe2O3。A含量过多,则不能形成M型铁氧体或者形成较多的非磁性相例如SrFeO3-x。A中锶的比例应至少是51原子%,至少是70原子%更好,100原子%最好。A中Sr的比例过少,将不可能实现饱和磁化强度的改善和矫顽力的明显改善。
R是选自铋和包括钇的稀土元素组成的集合中的至少一种元素。R中必须包含镧。R含量过低,则形成少量M的固溶体,无法实现本发明的优点。R含量过高,则形成更多的非磁性杂相例如正铁氧体。R中的La比例应至少是40原子%,至少是70原子%更好,为了改善饱和磁化强度最好只使用镧作为R。这是因为比较在六方M型铁氧体中的可固溶性的限度,镧是最高的。因此,R中的La比例过低,则不能提高R的固溶量,结果也不能提高M的固溶量,有损于本发明的优点。而且,铋的共同存在有利于生产率,因为可以降低煅烧和烧结温度。
元素M是钴或者钴和锌的混合物。M的含量过低,则不能实现本发明的优点,而M的含量过高,则反而降低Br和HcJ,不能实现本发明的优点。M中的Co比例应至少是10原子%,至少是20原子%更好。Co比例过低,则矫顽力的改善不足。
而且,本发明的氧化物磁性材料最好是由下式(Ⅰ)表示:
A1-xRx(Fe12-yMy)zO19其中,x,y和z代表摩尔数,其满足以下范围:
0.04≤x≤0.9,特别是0.04≤x≤0.6
0.04≤y≤0.5,和
0.7≤z≤1.2。较好的范围是:
0.04≤x≤0.5,
0.04≤y≤0.5,和
0.7≤z≤1.2。更好的范围是:
0.1≤x≤0.4,
0.1≤y≤0.4,和
0.8≤z≤1.1,特别是0.9≤z≤1.05。
式(Ⅰ)中,如果x过小,亦即如果元素R的含量过小,则不能增加与六方铁氧体形成固溶体的元素M的量,导致饱和磁化强度和/或各向异性场的改善不足。如果x过大,则过量的元素R不能与六方铁氧体形成取代固溶体,例如形成含元素R的正铁氧体,有损于饱和磁化强度。如果y过小,则会导致饱和磁化强度和/或各向异性场的改善不足。如果y过大,则过量的元素M不能与六方铁氧体形成取代固溶体。即使在元素M可以形成取代固溶体的范围内,也将导致各向异性常数(K1)和各向异性场(HA)的实质性的损失。如果z过小,则含有锶和元素R的非磁性相的量增加,导致饱和磁化强度降低。如果z过大,则α-Fe2O3相或者含有元素M的非磁性尖晶石铁氧体相的量增加,导致饱和磁化强度降低。应予注意上式(Ⅰ)是在不含杂质的假设下确定的。
在上式(Ⅰ)代表的组成中,氧(O)的摩尔数是19。该式表示的是化学计量组成比,其中R全部是三价的,x=y,z=1。氧的摩尔数随着R的类型和x、y和z的值而变化。而且,烧结气氛是还原气氛时,例如存在留下氧空位的可能性。此外,在M型铁氧体中铁一般是以三价存在的但也可以变为二价的。也存在由M表示的元素例如钴改变其化合价的可能性。由于这些可能性,氧与金属元素的比例变化。虽然在本发明的说明书中提到,无论R的类型和x、y和z的值如何,氧(O)的摩尔数是19,但是氧的实际摩尔数可以稍微偏离化学计量组成比。例如,已经确信如果在锶铁氧体中形成二价铁,则铁氧体的电阻率降低( )。在多晶的情况下,晶界电阻通常大于穿晶电阻,据此可以改变烧结磁体的实际电阻。
可以利用荧光x射线定量分析测量氧化物磁性材料的组成。利用x射线可以证实主相的存在。
氧化物磁性材料可以含有B2O3。包含B2O3有利于降低煅烧和烧结温度,因而从生产率的角度来看是有利的。以氧化物磁性材料为基,B2O3的含量最好是最高为0.5wt%。B2O3含量过高将导致降低饱和磁化强度。
氧化物磁性材料中,可以含有钠、钾和铷中的至少一种。当这些元素以Na2O、K2O和Rb2O计算时,其含量总和最高应是氧化物磁性材料整体的3wt%。如果其含量过高,饱和磁化强度会降低。由M1表示这些元素时,M1包含在氧化物磁性材料中,例如按以下形式
Sr1.3-2aRaM1 a-0.3Fe11.7M0.3O19此时,a应在如下范围:0.3<a≤0.5。a值过大将产生饱和磁化强度降低和烧结时更多的M1被挥发的问题。
除了这些杂质之外,可以氧化物的形式含有例如Si、Al、Ga、In、Li、Mg、Mn、Ni、Cr、Cu、Ti、Zr、Ge、Sn、V、Nb、Ta、Sb、As、W、Mo等,各含量最高分别是,1wt%的氧化硅、5wt%的氧化铝、5wt%的氧化镓、3wt%的氧化铟、1wt%的氧化锂、3wt%的氧化镁、3wt%的氧化锰、3wt%的氧化镍、3wt%的氧化铬、3wt%的氧化铜、3wt%的氧化钛、3wt%的氧化锆、3wt%的氧化锗、3wt%的氧化锡、3wt%的氧化钒、3wt%的氧化铌、3wt%的氧化钽、3wt%的氧化锑、3wt%的氧化砷、3wt%的氧化钨、和3wt%的氧化钼。
而且,本发明的铁氧体颗粒由上述氧化物磁性材料组成。当氧化物磁性材料由下式(Ⅰ)表示时:
A1-xRx(Fe12-yMy)zO19其中,x,y和z代表摩尔数,其满足以下范围:
0.04≤x≤0.9,特别是0.04≤x≤0.6
0.04≤y≤0.5,
0.8≤x/y≤20,特别是0.8≤x/y≤5,和
0.7≤z≤1.2。较好的范围是:
0.04≤x≤0.5,
0.04≤y≤0.5,
0.8≤x/y≤5,和
0.7≤z≤1.2。更好的范围是:
0.1≤x≤0.4,
0.1≤y≤0.4,
0.8≤x/y≤5,和
0.8≤z≤1.1,特别是0.9≤z≤1.05。
式(Ⅰ)中,x/y过小或过大时,元素R与元素M之间不能建立化合价平衡,容易形成杂相。由于元素M是二价的,当元素R是四价离子时,理论上x/y等于1。在x/y超过1的区域提供可允许的范围的原因是,即使y较小时也可通过 的还原达到化合价的平衡。另外,限制x、y和z的原因与前述相同。而且,如果x/y稍大于1,则可获得另外的效果,即相对于煅烧气氛(氧分压)磁性能(HcJ)变得稳定。
包括氧化物磁性材料的本发明的铁氧体颗粒,即使主颗粒的平均颗粒直径大于1μm,也可以提供高于已有技术的矫顽力。主颗粒的平均颗粒直径应最大为2μm,最大为1μm更好,0.1~1μm最好。平均颗粒直径过大表明磁体粉末具有较多比例的多畴颗粒,因而降低了HcJ。平均颗粒直径过小,则将由于热扰动有损于磁性,对磁场模压中的取向和模压性有不利影响。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种铁氧体颗粒,包括A、R、Fe和M,其中,
A是选自锶、钡、钙和铅组成的集合中的至少一种元素,A中必须包含锶,
R是选自铋和包括钇的稀土元素组成的集合中的至少一种元素,R中必须包含镧,
M是钴或者钴和锌,所述铁氧体颗粒具有的内禀矫顽力(HcJ)和矫顽力的温度相关性(Oe/℃)满足下式(Ⅲ):
HcJ≤5/3×HcJ-7/3其中ΔHcJ代表-50℃~50℃之间的内禀矫顽力(HcJ)的温度相关性(Oe/℃)的数值或绝对值,HcJ的单位是kOe。使用上述限定的组成的氧化物磁性材料或者通过以下将要说明的制备方法,可以获得具有这样的性能的铁氧体颗粒。
铁氧体颗粒通常用于通过用粘结剂粘结颗粒来形成粘结磁体。作为粘结剂通常使用NBR橡胶、氯化聚乙烯、尼龙12(聚酰胺树脂)和尼龙6(聚酰胺树脂)。
上述限定的组成的氧化物磁性材料通常具有425~460℃的居里温度。
对于铁氧体颗粒的制备,存在各种可选用的方法,包括固相反应法、液相法例如共沉淀和水热合成、玻璃沉淀法、雾化热解法、和气相法。这些方法中,作为制备粘结磁体所用的铁氧体颗粒的方法,固相反应法最为广泛地应用于工业。用于涂敷型磁记录介质的铁氧体颗粒主要通过液相法或玻璃沉淀法制备。
在固相反应法中,使用氧化铁粉末和含有元素A、R和M的粉末,并烧结(或煅烧)这些粉末的混合物,制备铁氧体颗粒。在煅烧体中,铁氧体的初步颗粒聚集成团并呈现所谓的“粒状”态。因此,通常煅烧之后进行粉碎。粉碎可以是干式或湿式的。由于在铁氧体颗粒中产生应力,使磁性能(主要是HcJ)劣化,所以粉碎之后通常进行退火。
此外,生产片状橡胶磁体时,必须通过机械加压使铁氧体颗粒取向。在这方面,为了提供高取向度,铁氧体颗粒的形状应是片状的。
利用固相反应法制备铁氧体颗粒时,以下各点是重要的。
(1)避免铁氧体颗粒的聚集。
(2)从铁氧体颗粒中去除应力。
(3)进行机械取向时铁氧体颗粒应是片状的。
(4)铁氧体颗粒的尺寸应在适当的范围。
为了实现这些要点,可以采用如下方法,向氧化铁粉末、含有元素A的粉末、含有元素R的粉末和含有元素M的粉末的混合物添加氯化钡或氯化锶,烧结(或煅烧)所得混合物,之后把添加的氯化物漂洗掉。另一可选择的方法涉及粉碎煅烧体,添加氯化钡或氯化锶,再次烧结(或煅烧)该混合物,之后把氯化物漂洗掉(参见JP-B19046/1980)。
除了上述原材料粉末之外,如果需要,作为添加剂或附带的杂质,还可以含有B2O3和其它化合物,例如Si、Al、Ga、In、Li、Mg、Mn、Ni、Cr、Cu、Ti、Zr、Ge、Sn、V、Nb、Ta、Sb、As、W、Mo等的化合物。
可以在空气中进行煅烧,例如在1000~1350℃煅烧约1秒~约10小时,特别是约1秒~约3小时。
如此获得煅烧体具有基本是磁铅石型的铁氧体结构,其主颗粒应具有最大为2μm的平均颗粒直径,最大为1μm较好,0.1~1μm更好,0.1~0.5μm最好。可以利用扫描电镜测量平均颗粒直径。
接着,通常把煅烧体粉碎或者破碎成铁氧体颗粒粉末。铁氧体颗粒与各种粘结剂例如树脂、金属和橡胶混合,在有磁场或无磁场的条件下模压。之后,对模压部件进行可选择的固化,获得粘结磁体。
另外,通过铁氧体颗粒与粘结剂混合,形成涂敷组成,把涂敷组成涂敷于树脂等的基底,对涂敷进行可选择的固化形成磁性层,由此获得涂敷型磁记录介质。
本发明还提供一种烧结磁体,包括上述氧化物磁性材料,其中氧化物磁性材料的组成比例由下式(Ⅱ)表示:A1-xRx(Fe12-yMy)zO19其满足以下范围:
0.04≤x≤0.9,
0.04≤y≤0.5,
0.4≤x/y≤4,特别是0.8≤x/y≤4,和
0.7≤z≤1.2。较好的范围是:
0.04≤x≤0.9,
0.04≤y≤0.5,
0.8≤x/y≤2,和
0.7≤z≤1.2。更好的范围是:
0.04≤x≤0.5,
0.04≤y≤0.5,
0.8≤x/y≤2,特别是0.8≤x/y≤1.7和
0.7≤z≤1.2。
式(Ⅱ)中的A、R、M、x、y和z的定义极其限制的原因与上述式(Ⅰ)相同。x/y的限制原因也与上述式(Ⅰ)相同。这些元素之外可能含有的杂质与上述氧化物磁性材料的相同。而且,如果x/y稍大于1,则可获得磁性能(HcJ)相对于烧结气氛(氧分压)变得稳定的附加效果。
对利用作为铁氧体颗粒制备方法的上述各种方法已经制备的铁氧体颗粒进行压制成型,烧结成型体,制备烧结磁体。作为制备烧结磁体的方法,虽然通过固相反应法制备的铁氧体颗粒的使用在工业上得到最为广泛应用,但是也可以使用通过其它方法制备的铁氧体颗粒。对铁氧体颗粒的来源要求并不严格。
由于煅烧料通常是粒状的,最好首先进行干式粗磨,以便粉碎或破碎煅烧料。干式粗磨也会把结晶应力引入铁氧体颗粒,从而降低其矫顽力HcB。矫顽力的降低抑制了颗粒的聚集成团,因而改善了分散性。抑制颗粒的聚集成团也改善了取向度。在颗粒中引入的结晶应力在后续的烧结工序被释放,从而矫顽力被恢复,获得了永久磁体。应予注意在烧结时转换为CaO的SiO2和CaCO3通常在干式粗磨时添加。部分SiO2和CaCO3可以在煅烧之前添加。多数杂质和添加的Si和Ca在晶界和三相点位置偏析,同时其一部分位于颗粒内的铁氧体部分(主相)中。具体地,钙易于占据锶的位置。
在干式粗磨后,应制备含有铁氧体颗粒和水的粉碎浆料,对浆料进行湿式粉碎。
湿式粉碎之后,把粉碎浆料浓缩成模压浆料。可以通过离心或者使用压滤机进行浓缩。
模压可以是干式或湿式的,虽然湿式模压有利于提高取向度。
在湿式模压工序中,模压浆料在磁场中进行模压。模压压力约为0.1~0.5吨/cm2,施加的磁场约为5~15kOe。
对于湿式模压,可以使用无水分散介质或含水分散介质。使用无水分散介质时,可以通过向有机溶剂例如甲苯或二甲苯添加表面活性剂例如油酸来获得,如JP-A53064/1994所述。使用这种分散介质可以实现最大约98%的磁取向度,即使使用难以分散的亚微米尺寸的铁氧体颗粒也是如此。另一方面,这里使用的含水分散介质可以通过向水添加各种表面活性剂来获得。
在模压工序之后,在空气或氮气中于100~500℃对模压体加热,使添加的分散剂彻底地分解掉。在接着的烧结工序中,例如在空气中于1150~1270℃的温度烧结模压体,在1160~1240℃烧结约0.5~3小时更好,由此获得各向异性铁氧体烧结磁体。
本发明的烧结磁体应具有最大为2μm的平均晶粒直径,最大为1μm较好,0.5~1.0μm更好。本发明的烧结磁体呈现十分高的矫顽力,即使平均晶粒直径超过1μm也是如此。利用扫描电镜可以测量晶粒直径。电阻率约为100Ωm以上。
应注意烧结磁体也可以通过如下方式获得,利用破碎机等粉碎模压体,通过筛网分选碎屑,收集平均颗粒直径约为100~700μm的可磁场取向的颗粒的粒度级,在磁场中干式模压颗粒,随后烧结。
本发明中,涉及具有薄膜磁层的磁记录介质。与上述本发明的铁氧体颗粒类似,此薄膜磁层含有具有由上式(Ⅰ)代表的六方铁氧体相的氧化物磁性材料。杂质含量与上述氧化物磁性材料相同。
对于形成薄膜磁层,通常最好使用溅射。对于溅射,上述烧结磁体可以用做靶。利用两个或更多氧化物靶的多靶溅射也可以使用。形成溅射膜之后,进行一定时间的热处理,建立六方磁铅石结构。
应用本发明的氧化物磁性材料时,通常获得以下优点,以致可以获得优异的应用产品。更具体地讲,只要应用产品具有与传统铁氧体产品相同的形状,产生更大磁通密度的磁体有利于产品性能的改善,例如在电机中实现更高的转矩,在扬声器或耳机中,由于增强的磁路实现线性度改善的声音质量。而且,如果应用产品具有与已有技术的产品相同的功能,可以减少(减薄)磁体的尺寸(厚度),有利于尺寸和重量的降低(扁平化)。而且,在使用卷绕电磁铁作为场磁体的电机情形中,可以用铁氧体磁体取代电磁铁,有利于减轻重量,缩短制造工艺和降低成本。由于矫顽力(HcJ)的温度特性得以改善,所以在传统铁氧体磁体存在低温退磁(永久退磁)危险的低温环境中使用铁氧体磁体成为可能。明显改善了在寒冷地区和高海拔地带使用的产品可靠性。
使用本发明的氧化物磁性材料制备的粘结磁体和烧结磁体,加工成要求形状之后可以找到各种广泛的应用,如下所述。
本发明的磁体适合用于汽车电机,例如燃料泵、电动车窗、ABS、风扇、刮水器、动力转向装置、主动悬挂、启动装置、门锁和反光镜;商用机器和视听设备所用电机,例如FDD轴、VCR驱动轮、VCR旋转磁头、VCR磁带盘、VCR加载、VCR摄象机驱动轮、VCR摄象机旋转磁头、VCR摄象机变焦装置、VCR摄象机聚焦装置、带盒驱动轮、CD、LD和MD驱动轴、CD、LD和MD加载、CD和LD光学拾取头;家用电器的电机,例如空调压缩机、电冰箱压缩机、电动工具、电风扇、微波炉风扇、微波炉旋转盘、搅拌器驱动器、干燥风扇、剃须刀驱动器、和电动牙刷;工厂自动设备的电机,例如机械手轴、连接驱动、机械手驱动、机床工作台驱动、和机床皮带驱动;以及各种组件,包括摩托车发动机、扬声器磁体、耳机磁体、磁控管、MRI磁场发生系统、CD-ROM支架、分布传感器、ABS传感器、燃料/油位面传感器和磁体锁。
实施例1(烧结磁体:与A-R-Fe-M组成比较)
这里所用原材料如下。
Fe2O3粉末(主颗粒直径0.3μm,含有Mn、Cr、Si和Cl作为杂质)
SrCO3粉末(主颗粒直径2μm,含有Ba和Ca作为杂质)
Co3O4和CoO粉末的混合物(主颗粒直径1~5μm)
La2O3粉末(纯度99.9%)
混合这些原材料以便获得预定的组成。而且,向原材料添加
SiO2粉末(主颗粒直径0.01μm)和
CaCO3粉末(主颗粒直径1μm)添加量分别是原材料的0.2wt%和0.15wt%。所得混合物在湿式碾磨机中粉碎2小时,干燥,过筛,在空气中于1200℃煅烧3小时,获得粒状煅烧料(磁体粉末)。
对在1200℃煅烧获得的煅烧料添加0.4wt%的上述SiO2和1.25wt%的上述CaCO3。在干式棒磨机中粉碎直至达到7m2/g的比表面积。
接着,使用二甲苯作为无水溶剂和油酸作为表面活性剂,在球磨机中对煅烧料粉末进行湿式粉碎。油酸添加量是煅烧粉末的1.3wt%。浆料中煅烧料粉末的浓度是33wt%。粉碎持续达到8~9m2/g的比表面积。
上述粉碎工序在煅烧粉末引入了粉碎应力,以致煅烧粉末的HcJ降低至粉碎前的HcJ的15~60%。因粉碎机本身引入了某些Fe和Cr。
利用离心分离机对粉碎后的浆料进行处理,以便把浆料中的煅烧粉末浓度调节到约为85%。在从浆料中去除溶剂的同时,在纵向施加的约13kG的磁场中用浆料模压成为圆筒形状,直径是30mm,高度是15mm。模压压力是0.4吨/cm2。对部分浆料干燥和在1000℃烧结,以便在用荧光x射线定量分析确定成分含量之前使全部成分转换成为氧化物。结果示于表1。                                    表1荧光x射线定量分析结果样品    组成(原子%)No.      Fe      Sr      Ba      Ca      La      Co      Mn      Si      Cr11      88.0     5.1     0.0     1.1     2.2     2.2     0.3     0.6     0.112      88.3     5.2     0.0     1.1     2.0     2.2     0.4     0.7     0.213      87.9     5.2     0.0     1.1     2.3     2.2     0.3     0.7     0.114      88.1     4.4     0.0     1.1     2.9     2.2     0.3     0.7     0.215*    88.1     7.2     0.1     1.1     0.0     2.3     0.3     0.7     0.116*    88.6     0.0     0.0     1.0     7.0     2.0     0.3     0.6     0.417*    90.1     5.4     0.0     1.1     2.3     0.0     0.3     0.7     0.1*对比例
接着,在100~300℃对模压体进行热处理,彻底去除油酸,然后通过在空气中以5℃/分的加热速率加热并在1200℃保持1小时进行烧结。获得烧结产品。在其上下表面加工烧结产品之后,检测其4πIs、剩磁(Br)、矫顽力(HcJ)、Ir/Is、Hk/HcJ、最大磁能积((BH)max)、和烧结密度。结果如表2所示。表2烧结产品的性能样品    4πIs    Br     HcJ     Ir/Is      Hk/HcJ      (BH)max      烧结密度No.     (kG)    (kG)    (kOe)   (%)       (%)        (MGOe)       (g/cm3)11      4.50    4.39    4.55    97.6       83.1        4.7          5.0412      4.53    4.41    4.59    97.4       77.6        4.8          5.0313      4.59    4.48    4.38    97.7       83.5        4.9          5.0614      4.50    4.42    4.72    98.3       84.1        4.8          5.0315*    4.43    4.06    1.42    91.6       8.8         1.2          4.9216*    0.96    0.68    1.73    71.5       12.7        0.1          4.9117*    4.32    4.20    2.89    97.3       97.2        4.3          4.97*对比例
从表2中可见,本发明范围内的烧结磁芯,指定的样品No.11~14呈现优异的性能。
实施例2(烧结磁体:与R-M置换对比)
这里所用原材料如下。
Fe2O3粉末(主颗粒直径0.3μm,含有Mn、Cr、Si和Cl作为杂质)
SrCO3粉末(主颗粒直径2μm,含有Ba和Ca作为杂质)
Co3O4和CoO粉末的混合物(主颗粒直径1~5μm)
La2O3粉末(纯度99.9%)
混合这些原材料以便获得组成:Sr1-xLaxFe12-yCoyO19。而且,向原材料添加
SiO2粉末(主颗粒直径0.01μm)和
CaCO3粉末(主颗粒直径1μm)添加量分别是原材料的0.2wt%和0.15wt%。在湿式碾磨机中粉碎所得混合物2小时,干燥,过筛,在空气中于1150~1300℃煅烧3小时,获得煅烧料。接着按与实施例1相同的工序制备烧结产品。
在烧结产品的上下表面加工,之后检测剩磁(Br)、矫顽力(HcJ和HcB)、和最大磁能积((BH)max)与La和Co置换率x和y(条件是x=y)的关系。结果与烧结温度一起如图1和2所示。
从图1和2可见,当x和y处于本发明的范围内时,通过优化烧结温度可以实现HcJ和HcB的明显改善,同时保持Br≥4.4kG和(BH)max≥4.6MGOe的高磁性能。为了确实证明这一事实,对煅烧和烧结温度均是1200℃的那些烧结产品,图3展示了x变化时产生的Br与HcJ的关系和(BH)max与HcJ的关系。出于对比的目的,图3中也展示了标以“对比例(LaZn置换)”的在上述日本专利申请145006/1996所述烧结产品的性能。此对比例的烧结产品具有由下式表示的主相:
Sr0.7La0.3Fe11.7Zn0.3O19图3所示实施例的烧结产品(其中x是0.1~0.4)具有至少4kOe的HcJ和满足下式(Ⅳ)的Br:
Br+1/3HcJ≥5.75相反,图3所示对比实施例的烧结产品具有小于4kOe的HcJ和不满足下式(Ⅴ)的Br:
Br+1/10HcJ≥4.82对于烧结温度是1220℃的那些烧结产品,图4展示了居里温度(Tc)与置换率x和y(条件是x=y)的关系。从图4可见随着x和y的增加Tc降低。
实施例3(烧结磁体:对比于煅烧温度和烧结温度)
按实施例1一样制备烧结产品,不同的是混合原材料以便给出以下组成:
Sr1-xLaxFe12-xCoyO19其中x=0.3和y=0.3,煅烧温度和烧结温度如图5所示变化。从图5可见,为了提供高Br和高HcJ,最好是煅烧温度低于1300℃和烧结温度是1180~1220℃。应注意即使在1300℃进行煅烧,1240℃的烧结温度也可获得包括4.4kG的Br和4.0kOe的HcJ的高磁性能。
为了分析此特征现象,利用扫描电镜(SEM)检测煅烧产品和烧结产品的晶构。图6、7和8分别是在1200℃、1250℃和1300℃的煅烧温度(T1)获得的煅烧产品的SEM显微照片。由其可见在1300℃煅烧温度获得的煅烧产品,主要是晶粒直径超过10μm的粗晶粒。
也利用SEM检测烧结产品的晶构。图9~12展示了SEM显微照片。所用的煅烧温度(T1)和烧结温度(T2)如下:
图9:T1=1200℃,T2=1200℃
图10:T1=1200℃,T2=1240℃
图11:T1=1300℃,T2=1200℃
图12:T1=1300℃,T2=1240℃这些照片展示了平行于晶面的剖面。由其可见即使在具有4.5kOe以上的HcJ的烧结产品中,存在相当多的晶粒直径超过1μm的晶粒。还可见在1300℃的煅烧温度获得的烧结产品中,大多数晶粒具有超过1μm的晶粒直径。尽管晶粒直径这么大,仍可以获得最大高达约4kOe的HcJ,这表明本发明可有效地改善磁性能晶粒直径相关性特别是HcJ。
当煅烧温度高达1250℃时,煅烧产品(x=0.3,y=0.3)具有高达1μm的平均主颗粒直径,而在高达1220℃温度通过烧结煅烧产品获得的烧结产品具有高达1.5μm的平均晶粒直径。相反,当煅烧温度是1300℃时,煅烧产品具有至少3μm的平均主颗粒直径,而通过粉碎煅烧产品、模压和在高达1220℃温度烧结所获得的烧结产品具有高达3μm的平均晶粒直径。
实施例4(烧结磁体:Sr铁氧体磁体和Ba铁氧体磁体之间的对比)
按实施例1制备煅烧料,所不同的是混合原材料以便给出如下组成:
Sr1-xLaxFe12-yCoyO19其中x=y等于0.2或0.3。煅烧温度是1200℃。烧结煅烧产品,获得锶铁氧体烧结磁体。烧结温度选自1180~1260℃的范围。
为了对比,通过混合原材料以便给出如下主相组成,制备钡铁氧体烧结磁体:Ba1-xLaxFe12-yCoyO19其中x=y等于0.2或0.3,煅烧温度设为1200℃,烧结温度与锶铁氧体磁体一样选自1180~1260℃的范围。利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察烧结产品的晶构,发现钡铁氧体的晶粒具有较大的长宽比而且扁平。在如此获得的钡铁氧体磁体中,表3展示了x=0.3和y=0.3的磁体的HcJ、在a轴(直径)方向和c轴(高度)方向的收缩比、和烧结温度是1220℃的磁体的烧结密度。当收缩比之比(shh/shφ)高时,存在晶粒扁平化的普遍趋势,利用实施例7的方法测量的x=0.3的钡铁氧体的各向异性场(HA)是16.6kOe。表3
当x=0.3和y=0.3时的HcJ、在c轴(h)方向和
a轴(φ)方向的收缩比之比、和烧结密度
    HcJ max         Shh/Shφ    烧结密度组成    (kOe)           [1220℃]    (g/cm3)Sr      4.93(1180℃)    1.89        5.06Ba      3.51(1180℃)    2.65        5.13
图13展示了这些烧结产品的磁性能。图13中展示了组成相同、但烧结温度不同的多个烧结产品的磁性能。可见在钡铁氧体的情形,由于各向异性场(HA)低和晶粒扁平化容易,不可能获得较大的HcJ。事实上,如图13所示,HcJ最大约为3.5kOe,此值大约等于传统的锶铁氧体磁体中可以获得的值。
图13中,锶铁氧体烧结产品(全部具有至少4kOe的HcJ)具有满足上式(Ⅳ)的Br和HcJ。相反,钡铁氧体烧结产品(全部具有小于4kOe的HcJ)具有的Br和HcJ不满足上式(Ⅴ).
实施例5(铁氧体颗粒:HcJ的温度特性)
对于其组成和煅烧温度如表4所示的锶铁氧体煅烧料,利用VSM在图14所示温度范围内测量I-H磁滞回线。从这些I-H磁滞回线确定HcJ的温度相关性。图14展示了代表HcJ的温度相关性的曲线。基于这些结果,利用线性近似法计算在-50℃~+50℃范围内HcJ的温度系数。在-50℃~+50℃范围内的温度系数和相关系数也如表4所示。注意表4中的温度系数ΔHcJ/HcJ/ΔT是25℃的HcJ的变化百分比。表4
LaCo-置换的Sr铁氧体煅烧产品(Sr1-xLaxFe12-yCoyO19)的HcJ的温
度特性与置换量(x,y)的关系(-50℃~+50℃之间)煅烧           煅烧温度    HcJ[25℃]   ΔHcJ/ΔT   ΔHcJ/HcJ/    相关样品   x,y    (℃)         (kOe)       (Oe/℃)     ΔT(%/℃)    系数No.101*  0      1200         5.24         8.0         0.15          0.999102    0.2    1200         6.15         4.0         0.07          0.995103    0.3    1200         5.14        -1.7        -0.03          0.994104    0.3    1250         5.35         1.2         0.02          0.939*对比例
从表4可知,通过镧和钴的组合添加,锶铁氧体煅烧产品的HcJ的温度系数明显降低。
实施例6(烧结磁体:HcJ和Br的温度特性)
制备相组成中x=y为0~1而且z=1的锶铁氧体烧结产品。煅烧温度和烧结温度均是1200℃。把这些烧结产品加工成为直径为5mm、高度为6.5mm的圆柱形状(高度方向沿c轴),按实施例5的方式检测HcJ的温度相关性。结果如图15和表5所示。25℃的Br和HcJ以及-25℃的Br和HcJ也示于表5。表5
LaCo-置换的Sr铁氧体烧结产品(Sr1-xLaxFe12-yCoyO19)的HcJ的温
度特性与置换量(x,y)的关系(-50℃~+50℃之间)烧结         Br        Br         HcJ      HcJ     ΔHcJ      ΔHcJ样品  x,y    [25℃]    [-25℃]    [25℃]   [-25℃]  /ΔT       /HcJNo.          (kG)      (kG)       (kOe)    (kOe)    (Oe/℃)    /ΔT    相关
                                                           (%/℃) 系数201* 0      4.40      4.83       3.80     3.17     12.5       0.33    0.999202  0.3    4.40      4.85       5.01     4.76     5.1        0.10    0.997
从表5可见,通过组合添加镧和钴明显改善了锶铁氧体烧结产品的HcJ的温度特性。
对于25℃的磁性能,x=0.3和y=0.3的烧结产品(HcJ大于4kOe)给出:
Br+1/3HcJ=6.07因而满足上式(Ⅳ),而x=0和y=0的烧结产品(HcJ小于4kOe)给出:
Br+1/10HcJ=4.78因而不满足上式(V)。对于-25℃的磁性能,x=0.3的烧结产品给出:
Br+1/3HcJ=6.44因而满足上式(Ⅵ),而x=0和y=0的烧结产品仅给出:
Br+1/3HcJ=5.89因而不满足上式(Ⅵ)。
实施例7(烧结磁体:各向异性场)
按实施例1制备烧结产品,所不同的是混合原材料以便给出如下组成:
Sr1-xLaxFe12-yCoyO19其中x和y(x=y)如表6所示。从这些烧结产品中切割出各边均为12mm的立方体。如图16所示,立方体的一个侧表面垂直于c轴。在立方体的a和c轴方向,测量4πIs-H曲线的第一象限,从其交叉点确定各向异性场(HA)。结果如表6所示。每个立方体的饱和磁化强度4πIs和密度也示于表6。表6
LaCo-置换的Sr铁氧体烧结产品(Sr1-xLaxFe12-yCoyO19)的各向异性场(HA)与置换量(x,y)的关系(煅烧温度1200℃和烧结温度1240℃)
x,y    HA(kOe)    4πIs(kG)    密度(g/cm3)
0.0    18.5       4.56         5.00
0.1    19.0       4.59         5.02
0.2    19.3       4.58         5.05
0.3    20.3       4.64         5.07
0.4    19.8       4.62         5.09
0.6    18.8       4.43         4.92
从表6可见,在本发明的范围内,当x为0.1~0.4和y为0.1~0.4时,4πIs和HA均提高。在此范围内K1(=(HA·Is)/2)也提高。
实施例8(烧结磁体、铁氧体颗粒:La≠Co)
按实施例1制备煅烧产品和烧结产品,所不同的是混合原材料以便给出以下组成:
Sr0.7La0.3Fe11.7(Co1-vFev)0.3O19其对应于Sr1-xLaxFe12-yCoyO19,其中y=0.3(1-v)和v=0.3-y/0.3。图17展示了煅烧产品的磁性能如何随v以及随煅烧温度变化。图18展示了烧结产品的磁性能如何随v以及随煅烧和烧结温度变化。
从图17可见,当在1200℃煅烧和在1250℃煅烧时,获得了具有已有技术从未实现过的至少6kOe(最大6.6kOe)的高HcJ的铁氧体颗粒。
但是,应注意对于Sr0.7La0.3Fe11.7(Co1-vFev)0.3O19在v>0.8的范围,亦即对于Sr1-xLaxFe12-yCoyO19在La/Co=x/y>5的范围,磁性能的降低变得显著。
而且,从图18可见,对于Sr0.7La0.3Fe11.7(Co1-vFev)0.3O19在v>0.5的范围,亦即对于Sr1-xLaxFe12-yCoyO19在La/Co=x/y>2的范围,磁性能的降低变得显著。
实施例9(烧结磁体:添加Co+Zn)
按实施例1制备煅烧产品和烧结产品,所不同的是混合原材料以便给出以下组成:Sr0.7La0.3Fe11.7(Co1-wZnw)0.3O19图19展示了煅烧温度为1200℃的烧结产品的磁性能如何随w以及随烧结温度变化。
从图19可见,通过改变钴与锌的比例可以选择地改善4πIs或者HcJ。可见性能在高饱和磁化强度型与高矫顽力型之间可以连续变化。
实施例10(烧结磁体)
按实施例1制备烧结产品,所不同的是混合原材料以便给出以下组成:Sr0.7La0.3Fe11.7M0.3O19其中M=Zn、Mg、Mn、Ni、Co或Li+Fe,煅烧温度是1200℃,烧结温度是1220℃。测量这些烧结产品的磁性能和密度。结果如表7所示。表7Sr0.7La0.3Fe11.7M0.3O19烧结产品的磁性能
  Br     HcJ     (BH)max     密度M     (kG)   (kOe)    (MGOe)      (g/cm3)Zn    4.61   2.62     5.14        5.06Mg    4.35   2.45     4.57        4.99Mn    4.11   3.35     4.15        5.02Ni    4.33   3.11     4.46        5.02Co    4.48   4.51     4.91        5.06Li+Fe 4.14   2.80     4.19        4.99
从表7可见,通过组合添加镧和钴改善了矫顽力。M是Zn时,获得高Br和高(BH)max,但是HcJ较低。添加除锌之外的元素时,全部性能均低于M是钴时获得的性能。
已经发现上述实施例中制备的锶铁氧体中,部分镧被铋置换时,通过添加铋可以降低煅烧温度。亦即,可以获得最佳性能的煅烧温度能够移向低温侧而矫顽力没有实质性损失。而且,制备镧被其他稀土元素部分置换的组成的煅烧产品和烧结产品,如同上述实施例一样,证实了组合添加稀土元素和钴可以改善HcJ。
而且,在基底上形成包含按上述实施例制备的锶铁氧体颗粒的涂敷型磁层,制造磁卡。对于这些磁卡,与上述实施例一样获得了对应于置换率x和y的同样结果。当置换率x和y在本发明的范围内时获得了高输出和高信/噪。
此外,通过溅射在基底上形成薄膜并进行热处理,形成如同上述实施例的六方磁铅石型铁氧体相,以使薄膜用做薄膜磁层,制造磁记录介质。对于这些磁记录介质,如同上述实施例一样获得了对应于置换率x的相同结果。当置换率x和y在本发明的范围内时获得了高输出和高S/N。
实施例11(烧结磁体:电阻率的测量)
按实施例2制备其中x在0~1变化和y在0~1变化(条件是X=Y)的样品,所不同的是煅烧温度是1200℃和烧结温度是1180℃。电阻率随着x和y值的变化很大。虽然原因尚不清楚,但一个合适的起因是Fe2+的形成。
在a和c轴方向测量所获得的样品的直流电阻率。结果如表8所示。正如从表8所见,电阻率低,但是处于可实用的范围内。表8
Sr1-xLaxFe12-yCoyO19的电阻率(Ωm)x,y    a轴方向    c轴方向0.0    1.9×103    1.3×1030.1    1.5×103    5.4×1030.2    3.6×102    8.3×1020.3    9.7×101    4.9×1020.4    3.5×100    2.3×1010.6    7.9×103    4.2×1040.8    2.0×103    1.2×1051.0    8.9×102    1.7×105
实施例12(烧结磁体:1200℃的煅烧温度下La的添加量的对比)
按实施例1制备烧结产品,所不同的是混合原材料以便给出如下最终组成:Sr1-xLaxFe11.7Co0.3O19其中x在0.0~1.0,煅烧温度是1200℃。测量Br-HcJ特性、ps、HcJ、Hk/HcJ、和(BH)max。结果如图20~22所示。使用B-H曲线绘图仪,对1240℃的烧结产品确定难磁化轴方向的初始磁化曲线和易磁化轴方向的磁滞回线,由此确定各向异性场HA。结果如表9所示。通过在空气中于1200℃烧结获得的烧结产品,测量其在c轴方向(高度方向)的电阻率。结果如表10所示。其中x等于0.1和0.2的样品展示了大于106的高电阻率,超出了所用仪器的测量限度。表9x     HA(kOe)0.0    3.40.1    14.30.2    18.30.3    20.90.4    21.30.6    20.70.8    20.51.0    16.3表10
Sr1-xLaxFe11.7Co0.3O19的电阻率(Ωm)x      c轴方向0.0    6.8×1020.1    >1060.2    >1060.3    7.6×1020.4    3.8×1000.6    1.1×1040.8    2.6×1041.0    3.8×101
从图20~22可见,当x等于0.3和0.4时,Br-HcJ曲线变成基本相同的曲线,在这种条件下获得最高的磁性能。这两者也具有大致相等的Hk/HcJ。当x在0~0.4的范围内时,单位重量的饱和磁化强度(σs)基本保持不变,而当镧或锶的含量变小时,HcJ呈现显著的剧烈下降。
表9中,各向异性场的测量呈现单调升直至x=0.3,当x在0.3~0.8时达到20kOe的基本恒定值,在x=1.0时再下降。
实施例13(烧结磁体:1300℃的煅烧温度下La的添加的对比)
按实施例1制备烧结产品,所不同的是混合原材料以便给出如下最终组成:Sr1-xLaxFe11.7Co0.3O19其中x在0.0~1.0,煅烧温度是1300℃。测定Br-HcJ特性、Hk/HcJ和Br与HcJ的关系、Br和HcJ与x的关系。结果如图23~25所示。
从图23~25可见,在x=0.4的条件下获得最高磁性能,Br和HcJ随着烧结温度而提高。但是,在可使Br和HcJ提高至基本与在1200℃的煅烧温度所达到的相同水平的1240℃的烧结温度,Hk/HcJ降低至86.5%。在1200℃的煅烧温度情况下,在x=0.3和x=0.4之间获得基本相同的特性。在1300℃的煅烧温度情况下,在x=0.4获得较高的特性。而且,在x=0.8获得至少6kOe的高HcJ值。
实施例14(烧结磁体:就x和y而言的磁性能的评价)
按实施例1制备煅烧产品和烧结产品,所不同的是混合原材料以便给出如下最终组成:
Sr1-xLaxFe12-7CoyO19其中x和y是预定值,煅烧温度是1250℃。测量其磁性能。象实施例1一样分析成分。
图26展示了煅烧产品的磁性能(σs和HcJ)。表11展示了测试样品的分析值。从分析值计算的x、y和z值也展示于表11。图27中,通过在空气中于1220℃烧结1小时所获得的烧结产品的磁性能(Br和HcJ),按表11中的x和y的函数标绘。图28中,标绘了通过在100%的氧浓度中烧结所获得的烧结产品的HcJ减去通过在20%的氧浓度中烧结所获得的烧结产品的HcJ的值。
                                       表11烧结产品的分析值(原子%)样品    Fe        Mn       Sr       Ba       Si       Ca       La       Co       Al       Cr       x       y       z0*     90.27     0.33     7.19     0.07     0.70     1.07     0 04     0.03     0.11     0.19     0.00    0.00    1.044004    89.91     0.35     7.01     0.07     0.70     1.10     0.30     0.31     0.11     0.14     0.04    0.04    1.03401     89.48     0.35     6.96     0.07     0.70     1.10     0.29     0.75     0.10     0.18     0.04    0.10    1.04402     88.79     0.35     6.86     0.07     0.68     1.04     0.34     1.53     0.10     0.23     0.05    0.20    1.051004    89.90     0.35     6.51     0.06     0.69     1.10     0.75     0.33     0.10     0.19     0.10    0.04    1.03101     89.43     0.35     6.56     0.06     0.70     1.11     0.73     0.77     0.10     0.18     0.10    0.10    1.03102     88.86     0.35     6.44     0.06     0.69     1.05     0.73     1.47     0.10     0.22     0.10    0.20    1.052004    89.86     0.35     5.85     0.06     0.69     1.11     1.45     0.33     0.10     0.17     0.20    0.04    1.03201     89.42     0.34     5.86     0.06     0.71     1.11     1.48     0.75     0.12     0.15     0.20    0.10    1.02202     88.69     0.34     5.84     0.06     0.70     1.11     1.47     1.49     0.10     0.18     0.20    0.19    1.03203     88.13     0.35     5.74     0.06     0.68     1.05     1.44     2.19     0.11     0.24     0.20    0.29    1.05204     87.37     0.34     5.73     0.06     0.68     1.04     1.44     2.92     0.16     0.24     0.20    0.39    1.05205     86.71     0.34     5.72     0.06     0.69     1.04     1.44     3.64     0.11     0.25     0.20    0.43    1.05301     89.37     0.34     5.11     0.05     0.70     1.11     2.18     0.81     0.11     0.19     0.30    0.11    1.03302     88.65     0.34     5.14     0.05     0.69     1.11     2.22     1.50     0.10     0.17     0.30    0.20    1.02303     87.97     0.34     5.16     0.05     0.68     1.10     2.22     2.27     0.10     0.15     0.30    0.30    1.02304     87.27     0.34     5.07     0.05     0.69     1.08     2.18     2.96     0.10     0.23     0.30    0.39    1.04305     86.57     0.34     5.06     0.05     0.69     1.06     2.17     3.69     0.10     0.25     0.30    0.49    1.04401     89.45     0.34     4.39     0.04     0.70     1.09     2.87     0.81     0.09     0.21     0.40    0.11    1.04402     88.72     0.33     4.41     0.04     0.71     1.09     2.92     1.50     0.10     0.16     0.10    0.20    1.03403     87.98     0.33     4.40     0.04     0.71     1.09     2.92     2.25     0.10     0.16     0.40    0.30    1.03404     87.20     0.33     4.40     0.04     0.73     1.10     2.92     3.00     0.12     0.15     0.40    0.40    1.03405     86.06     0.34     4.40     0.04     0.69     1.09     2.92     3.71     0.10     0.16     0.42    0.50    1.10502     88.71     0.34     3.66     0.04     0.69     1.09     3.61     1.49     0.16     0.19     0.50    0.20    1.03503     87.99     0.33     3.62     0.04     0.69     1.09     3.61     2.23     0.22     0.17     0.50    0.30    1.04504     87.13     0.33     3.60     0.04     0.69     1.11     3.66     2.99     0.27     0.17     0.50    0.40    1.03505     86.42     0.33     3.61     0.04     0.69     1.11     3.66     3.74     0.24     0.16     0.50    0.51    1.01703     88.14     0.34     2.17     0.03     0.69     1.08     5.00     2.22     0.08     0.24     0.70    0.30    1.05904     87.60     0.35     0.77     0.01     0.66     1.04     6.25     2.86     0.12     0.34     0.89    0.38    1.07905     86.85     0.35     0.71     0.01     0.68     1.05     6.26     3.57     0.10     0.41     0.90    0.47    1.08LF004* 90.29     0.35     6.87     0.07     0.70     1.10     0.32     0.01     0.08     0.20     0.04    0.00    1.05LF01*  90.29     0.35     6.46     0.07     0.70     1.10     0.74     0.01     0.09     0.19     0.10    0.10    1.05LF02*  90.28     0.35     5.78     0.06     0.69     1.09     1.46     0.00     0.08     0.18     0.20    0.00    1.04LF03*  90.84     0.35     5.08     0.05     0.71     1.11     2.19     0.00     0.09     0.20     0.30    0.00    1.04LF04*  90.29     0.35     4.29     0.05     0.69     1.09     2.88     0.00     0.09     0.27     0.40    0.00    1.05LF05*  90.31     0.35     3.55     0.04     0.69     1.09     3.57     0.00     0.09     0.29     0.50    0.00    1.06Co2*   89.97     0.35     7.19     0.07     0.68     1.10     0.03     0.32     0.08     0.19     0.00    0.04    1.04Co3*   89.54     0.35     7.22     0.08     0.69     1.09     0.00     0.74     0.08     0.19     0.00    0.10    1.04Co4*   88.80     0.36     7.15     0.07     0.67     1.07     0.01     1.47     0.09     0.30     0.00    0.20    1.05Co5*   88.12     0.36     7.12     0.08     0.69     1.07     0.00     2.18     0.09     0.27     0.00    0.29    1.06Co6*   87.44     0.35     7.12     0.07     0.67     1.08     0.00     2.85     0.09     0.30     0.00    0.33    1.06Co7*   86.66     0.35     7.16     0.07     0.69     1.10     0.00     3.56     0.09     0.30     0.00    0.47    1.05* 对比例
从这些图可见,在本发明的范围内获得了高磁性能。当利用x射线衍射分析时,证实在所有点存在磁铅石相(M相)。
从图27和28可见,当x/y是1.3~2时获得了高HcJ。而且,在此范围内,HcJ对烧结气氛的相关性降低。
实施例15(用于粘结磁体的铁氧体颗粒)
在实施例14中获得的其中x=y=0(对比例)和x=y=0.3(本发明)的煅烧产品,在干式振动球磨机中粉碎,然后在空气中于1000℃退火5分钟。在此,测量铁氧体的HcJ和HcJ的温度特性。使用VSM,同样测量市售塑性磁体的HcJ和HcJ的温度特性。结果如以下所示。表12
样品              HcJ(HcJ)    ΔHcJ/HcJ(Oe/℃)作为粉碎的实施例       2.10                0.8作为退火的实施例       4.31               -1.6作为粉碎的对比例       1.75                1.5作为退火的对比例       3.96                3.9对比例(市售塑性磁体)   3.18                4.4
从上述表可见,本发明的样品在HcJ和HcJ的温度特性方面得以改善。
通过添加硅烷偶联剂对上述制备的用于粘结磁体的铁氧体颗粒进行表面处理。90重量份的处理后的铁氧体颗粒与10重量份的尼龙12混合,捏合并造粒。之后,利用注射成型机在磁场中对该混合物进行成型成型,测量模制件的磁性能。结果,发现HcJ的温度特性与上述实施例一样得以改善。
实施例16(烧结磁体的应用)
按实施例1的方式获得用于电机的C状烧结磁体,但不同的是本发明的样品形状从测量用的圆筒形状改为用于C状电机的磁场磁体的形状。如此获得的磁芯装入电机代替传统材料的烧结磁体,电机在额定条件下工作,发现性能令人满意。根据转矩测量,发现转矩大于使用传统材料磁芯的电机。
通过上述实施例证实了本发明的效果。
通过提高六方铁氧体的饱和磁化强度和各向异性场,本发明提供了已有技术的六方铁氧体磁体无法实现的高剩磁和高矫顽力。本发明的另一个目的是提供具有高剩磁和高矫顽力的铁氧体磁体,其矫顽力的温度相关性明显改善而且即使在低温范围矫顽力的降低也很小。本发明的再一目的是提供具有高剩磁和高矫顽力的铁氧体磁体,其使用颗粒直径超过1μm的相对粗的铁氧体颗粒。本发明的又一目的是提供具有高剩磁的磁记录介质。本发明的进一步目的是提供效率高且转矩大的电机,可以降低尺寸和重量。

Claims (16)

1.一种氧化物磁性材料,包括具有六方结构的铁氧体主相,并且其组成包含A、R、Fe和M,其中,
A是选自锶、钡、钙和铅组成的集合中的至少一种元素,A中必须包含锶,
R是选自铋和包括钇的稀土元素组成的集合中的至少一种元素,R中必须包含镧,
M是钴或者钴和锌,全部各种元素相对于全体金属元素的含量的比例如下
A:1~13原子%
R:0.05~10原子%
Fe:80~95原子%
M:0.1~5原子%。
2.根据权利要求1的氧化物磁性材料,其由下式(Ⅰ)表示:
A1-xRx(Fe12-yMy)zO19其中0.04≤x≤0.9,0.04≤y≤0.5,0.7≤z≤1.2。
3.根据权利要求1的氧化物磁性材料,其中钴在M中的比例至少是10原子%。
4.包含权利要求1的氧化物磁性材料的铁氧体颗粒。
5.根据权利要求4的铁氧体颗粒,其中氧化物磁性材料由下式(Ⅰ)表示:
A1-xRx(Fe12-yMy)zO19其中0.04≤x≤0.9,0.04≤y≤0.5,0.8≤x/y≤20,0.7≤z≤1.2。
6.一种铁氧体颗粒,包括A、R、Fe和M,其中,A是选自锶、钡、钙和铅组成的集合中的至少一种元素,A中必须包含锶,
R是选自铋和包括钇的稀土元素组成的集合中的至少一种元素,R中必须包含镧,
M是钴或者钴和锌,所述铁氧体颗粒具有的内禀矫顽力(HcJ)和矫顽力的温度相关性(Oe/℃)满足下式(Ⅲ):
         |ΔHcJ/ΔT|≤5/3HcJ-7/3其中|ΔHcJ/ΔT|代表-50℃~50℃之间的内禀矫顽力(HcJ)的温度相关性(Oe/℃)的数值,HcJ的单位是kOe。
7.包含权利要求4的铁氧体颗粒的粘结磁体。
8.包含权利要求1的氧化物磁性材料的烧结磁体。
9.根据权利要求8的烧结磁体,其中氧化物磁性材料由下式(Ⅱ)代表:
         A1-xRx(Fe12-yMy)zO19其中0.04≤x≤0.9,0.04≤y≤0.5,0.4≤x/y≤4,0.7≤z≤1.2。
10.根据权利要求8的烧结磁体,其在25℃具有的内禀矫顽力HcJ(单位kOe)和剩磁Br(单位kG),当HcJ≥4时,满足下式(Ⅳ):
         Br+1/3HcJ≥5.75当HcJ<4时,满足下式(Ⅴ):
         Br+1/10HcJ≥4.82。
11.根据权利要求8的烧结磁体,其在-25℃具有的矫顽力HcJ(单位kOe)和剩磁Br(单位kG)满足下式(Ⅵ):
         Br+1/3HcJ≥5.95。
12.根据权利要求8的烧结磁体,其中在-50℃~50℃之间的矫顽力的温度系数的数值最高为0.25%/℃。
13.一种烧结磁体,包括A、R、Fe和M,其中,
A是选自锶、钡、钙和铅组成的集合中的至少一种元素,A中必须包含锶,
R是选自铋和包括钇的稀土元素组成的集合中的至少一种元素,R中必须包含镧,
M是钴或者钴和锌,
所述烧结磁体具有的矫顽力HcJ(单位kOe)和剩磁(单位kG),当HcJ≥4时,满足下式(Ⅳ):
Br+1/3HcJ≥5.75当HcJ<4时,满足下式(Ⅴ):
Br+1/10HcJ≥4.82。
14.一种烧结磁体,包括A、R、Fe和M,其中,
A是选自锶、钡、钙和铅组成的集合中的至少一种元素,A中必须包含锶,
R是选自铋和包括钇的稀土元素组成的集合中的至少一种元素,R中必须包含镧,
M是钴或者钴和锌,所述烧结磁体在-25℃具有的矫顽力HcJ(单位kOe)和剩磁Br(单位kG)满足下式(Ⅵ):
Br+1/3HcJ≥5.95
15.包含权利要求8的烧结磁体的电机。
16.一种磁记录介质,包括含有权利要求1的氧化物磁性材料的薄膜磁层。
CNB988001624A 1997-02-25 1998-02-25 氧化物磁性材料、铁氧体颗粒、烧结磁体、粘结磁体、磁记录介质和电机 Ceased CN1155022C (zh)

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