CN1218330C - 氧化物磁性材料的制造方法和氧化物磁性材料 - Google Patents

氧化物磁性材料的制造方法和氧化物磁性材料 Download PDF

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CN1218330C
CN1218330C CN03138146.4A CN03138146A CN1218330C CN 1218330 C CN1218330 C CN 1218330C CN 03138146 A CN03138146 A CN 03138146A CN 1218330 C CN1218330 C CN 1218330C
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magnetic material
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oxide
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CN1462045A (zh
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梅本卓史
吉川秀树
平野均
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供的氧化物磁性材料是含Sr的六角晶系铁氧体的氧化物磁性材料,该材料在晶粒周围存在晶粒间界相,在晶粒间界相中含有不小于2重量%,较好不小于5重量%的Sr,以及不小于10重量%,较好不小于25重量%的至少一种选自Bi、V、B和Cu的添加元素。

Description

氧化物磁性材料的制造方法和氧化物磁性材料
技术领域
本发明涉及高频电路部件等中的多层式电感器和层叠式陶瓷基材等用的氧化物磁性材料,并涉及该种氧化物磁性材料的制造方法。
背景技术
近年来,由于电子装置的小型化以及高频的使用,对高频波段用的磁性材料的需求日益增加。目前,一般使用NiCuZn系列的尖晶石铁氧体作为这类高频下使用的磁性材料,然而,在数百MHz或更高频率下,这类材料会引起自然共振,导致损耗增加,且不能作为磁性材料实际使用。作为能在高达GHz频带使用的磁性材料,有代表性的是有高磁性各向异性的六角晶系铁氧体等,其化学式为Ba3Me2Fe24O42(Me:二价金属)。而且,为了通过改进各向异性来改善高频性能,尝试了用Sr代替所述六角晶系铁氧体中的一些Ba。
然而,在GHz频带,磁导率的虚数部分(μ”)变大,使得这类用于电感器的铁氧体使用中的损耗增加。
人们一直试图在高频电路元件中使用包含相互层叠的磁性陶瓷基材和介电陶瓷基材的层叠陶瓷基材来进行小型化。对这样的层叠陶瓷基材,在介电陶瓷基材上形成电容器的电路图案,而在磁性陶瓷基材上形成电感器的电路图案。
图4是层叠陶瓷基材的一个例子的透视图,图5是其展开透视图。如图4和图5所示,将许多层陶瓷基材3和4层叠构成层叠的陶瓷基材。包括电感器和电容器的许多电路图案则通过丝网印刷等方法在各陶瓷基材3和4上形成。
在陶瓷基材3是磁性陶瓷基材,而陶瓷基材4是介电陶瓷基材的情况下,将包括电感器的电路图案11形成在磁性陶瓷基材3上,而将包括电容器的电路图案11形成在介电陶瓷基材4上。基材间的电路图案11则通过通孔12连接。
层叠之后,这些陶瓷基材3和4在高温下烧结结合之,获得层叠的陶瓷基材。
使用Ag或高导电率的其他材料形成电路图案11时,要求在低至约900℃的温度下进行烧结。如果在高温下进行烧结,Ag等材料的电路图案形状会变形,不能在各基材上形成要求的电路。
然而,常规的磁性陶瓷材料如六角晶系铁氧化体等,其合适的烧结温度为1300℃或更高,而存在的问题是在约900℃低温下进行烧结时,不能获得优良的磁性。
曾经加入烧结助剂如B2O3、CuO和Bi2O3,试图在低温下进行烧结,但是,迄今仍未能在低温下进行有效烧结,也未能有效地降低磁性损耗。尤其是对部分Ba被Sr取代的六角晶系铁氧体,目前未获得有效的结果。
发明概述
本发明目的是提供一种能在低温下烧结制造的氧化物磁性材料,这种材料在高频波段具有优良的磁性,还提供这种氧化物磁性材料的制造方法。
本发明的氧化物磁性材料是含Sr的氧化物磁性材料,具有晶粒间界相,在晶粒间界中Sr的含量不小于2重量%,并包含不小于10重量%的至少一种选自Bi、V、B和Cu的元素。
本发明的氧化物磁性材料,在晶粒间界中存在不小于2重量%的Sr,且含有不小于10%的上述元素,这种材料能降低磁性损耗,并且具有优良的磁性。而且,这种氧化物磁性材料是可以在低温下烧结来制造的。
晶粒间界相中的Sr含量以不小于2重量%为宜,不小于5重量%更好,其上限不大于30重量%为宜。当晶粒间界相中的Sr含量小于2重量%时,几乎观察不到在约900℃低温下烧结之后的收缩,烧结后样品的机械强度等性质不够好,磁性损耗也增加。另一方面,如果Sr含量超过30重量%,其它元素如Bi等的含量相对下降,有时在低温烧结后达不到致密化。
在晶粒间界相中的其他添加元素的总含量以不小于10重量%为宜,不小于25重量%更好,其上限不大于70重量%为宜。如果其他添加元素的总含量小于10重量%时,几乎观察不到在约900℃低温下烧结之后的收缩,烧结后样品的机械强度等性质不够好,磁性损耗也增加。另一方面,如果其他添加元素的总含量超过70重量%,有些情况下磁导率(实数部分)会下降。
最好使用Bi作为其它元素。在氧化物磁性材料的原料粉末经预焙烧获得的预焙烧粉末中,加入含添加元素的氧化物,并烧结所获的混合物,可使添加的元素包含在氧化物磁性材料中。包含添加元素的氧化物包括Bi2O3、V2O5、B2O3、CuO等。晶粒间界相中的添加元素含量可通过调节加入到预焙烧粉末中的氧化物量来调节。
本发明中,在预焙烧粉末中,与含添加元素的氧化物一起还可加入含Sr的氧化物,将获得的混合物进行烧结,以在氧化物磁性材料中加入Sr。在预焙烧的粉末中加入含Sr氧化物能增加尤其在晶粒间界相中的Sr含量。改变在粉碎和混合预焙烧粉末与含Sr氧化物时的粉碎和混合条件,也可以控制Sr在晶粒间界相中的含量。例如,如果混合长时间,可增加Sr在晶粒间界相中的含量。而且,改变与预焙烧氧化物磁性材料原料粉末时的温度,也可以控制Sr在晶粒间界相中的含量。即如果降低预焙烧温度,Sr在晶粒间界相中的含量可增加。
本发明中,在晶粒间界相中还包含Si。Si在晶粒间界相中的含量以不小于2重量%为宜,不小于3重量%更好,其上限不大于20重量%为宜。晶粒间界中相存在的Si会增加烧结氧化物磁性材料的收缩率,并改善磁性。如果Si在晶粒间界相中的含量小于2重量%,Si涂覆晶粒从而抑制损耗的作用不明显(即,μ’/μ”的比值变小)。而如果Si含量超过20重量%,磁导率值(实数部分)会明显下降。
在氧化物磁性材料的预焙烧粉末中,与含添加元素的氧化物一起加入含Si的氧化物,将获得的混合物进行烧结,就可使晶粒间界相含有Si。有时,不需要Si均匀分布在晶粒间界相中,而是在晶粒间界相的有些区域不均匀分布。例如,添加元素如Bi会更多地存在于晶粒间界相的某些区域,而Si更多地存在于晶粒间界相的另一些区域。
本发明氧化物磁性材料可含有元素周期表Ia族或IIa族元素。元素周期表Ia族和IIa族元素的例子,包括Ca、K、Na、Sr和Ba,其中Ca为最好。
在氧化物磁性材料的预焙烧粉末中加入含其他添加元素的氧化物的同时,还加入元素周期表Ia族元素或IIa族元素与VIIb族元素化合物作为添加剂,烧结获得的混合物,就可使氧化物磁性材料含有Ia族或IIa族的元素。
本发明的氧化物磁性材料的晶粒的平均粒径等于或大于0.01微米直至等于或小于3微米为佳。晶粒的平均粒径可用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)拍摄的截面照片来测定。比较实际的办法,是将SEM的截面照片进行图象处理,计算各晶粒的表面积,在假设晶粒的截面为真正的圆形情况下,算出该圆的相应直径,作为晶粒的直径。如果平均晶粒直径大于3微米,在约900℃低温下烧结后几乎观察不到收缩,烧结后样品的机械强度等性质不够好,有些情况下磁性损耗会增加。而如果平均晶粒直径的太小,小于0.01微米,晶粒容易团聚,有些情况下难以获得磁性材料均匀分散的浆料。
本发明氧化物磁性材料较好是六角晶系铁氧体。实际上,晶粒具有六角晶系铁氧体的结晶结构为宜。更好的是此六角晶系铁氧体具有按M3Me2Fe24O41(M指Ba和/或Sr,Me指二价金属)所示的Z相作为主相。而且,主相较好的是(SrxBa1-x)3Me2Fe24O41(x是满足0≤x≤1的值)。
本发明制造方法是能制造上述本发明氧化物磁性材料的制造方法,该方法包括下列步骤:预先焙烧氧化物磁性材料的原料粉末制成预焙烧粉末,将含至少一种选自Bi、V、B和Cu的添加元素的氧化物与预焙烧粉末混合制备粉末混合物,烧结该粉末混合物,方法的特点是在烧结后的氧化物磁性材料的晶粒周围的晶粒间界相中含有Sr。
可以使用就本发明氧化物磁性材料描述的那些材料作为含添加元素的氧化物。
本发明的制造方法中,含Sr氧化物与含添加元素的氧化物一起与预焙烧粉末混合。Sr在晶粒间界相中的含量可以通过控制含Sr氧化物的加入量来加以控制。实际上,增加Sr氧化物的加入量可提高Sr在晶粒间界相中的含量。
本发明的制造方法中,在预焙烧粉末中加入含添加元素的氧化物和/或含Sr氧化物,并与之混合。此时一般宜是用球磨机等机械进行粉碎的同时进行混合。此时,控制粉碎混合的条件,来控制Sr在晶粒间界相中的含量。例如,如果延长混合时间,Sr在晶粒间界相中的含量可增加。
Sr在晶粒间界相中的含量还可以通过控制预焙烧温度来加以控制。实际上,降低预焙烧温度,可提高Sr在晶粒间界相中的含量。
而且,本发明制造方法中,可以将含Si氧化物和含添加元素的氧化物一起与预焙烧粉末进行混合。将含Si氧化物与预焙烧粉末混合,就可使晶粒间界相含有Si。
本发明制造方法中,可将Ia族元素或IIa族元素与VIIa族元素的化合物和含添加元素的氧化物一起加入到氧化物磁性材料的预焙烧粉末中。在预焙烧粉末中加入这样的添加剂,可以使Ia族元素或IIa族包含在氧化物磁性材料中。
添加剂的熔点宜为900℃或更低。熔点为900℃或更低的添加剂的例子包括CaCl2(熔点为772℃)、KF(熔点为830℃)、KI(熔点为723℃)、NaCl(熔点为800℃)、NaI(熔点为651℃)、SrBr2(熔点为643℃)、SrCl2(熔点为873℃)、BaBr2(熔点为847℃)、BaI2(熔点为740℃)等。其中,最好使用CaCl2
预焙烧粉末中添加剂的加入量不大于25重量%为宜。即,在100重量份预焙烧粉末中宜加入33.3重量份添加剂。如果添加剂的加入量超过25重量%,磁性陶瓷材料的比例相对下降,磁性会变差。添加剂加入量更好为0.05-25重量%,最好是0.05-1重量%。如果加入量太低,有些情况下,低温烧结不能提供优良的磁性。
本发明制造方法中,混合粉末在成形为基材形状后进行烧结。因此,可制得磁性基材。将混合粉末成形为基材形状的方法,采用的一种方法包括在混合粉末中加入粘合剂,制得粉末混合物的浆料,再由该浆料形成坯料片。在混合粉末中加入粘合剂后,还可将制得的粉末混合物压制成基材形状。
将形成基材形状的坯料片叠加在由另一种材料如介电材料形成的基材坯料片上,再将获得的层叠体烧结。结果,获得包括磁性基材和由另一种材料如介电材料构成的基材的层叠陶瓷基材。
在烧结之前,可用丝网印刷等方法,在基材坯料片上形成电路图案。还可以形成通孔等。
由于本发明的氧化物磁性材料可在较低烧结温度烧结,就可以使用例如Ag等材料作为电路图案用的材料。
附图简述
图1是本发明一个实施例的μ’/μ”图。
图2是本发明一个实施例的μQ图。
图3是本发明实施例2的氧化物磁性材料截面的扫描电子显微镜照片。
图4是层叠陶瓷基材一个例子的透视图。
图5是层叠陶瓷基材一个例子的分解透视图。
较好实施方式的描述
下面,结合下列实施例描述本发明,但是,本发明不受这些实施例的限制。
实施例1-5
使用BaO、SrO、CoO和Fe2O3作为原料粉末。称取各原料粉末,使化学计量组成式(SrxBa1-x)3Co2Fe24O41中Sr的取代率x为:x=0,x=0.25,x=0.5,x=0.75和x=1;将称重的原料粉末用球磨机粉碎为混合24小时,该球磨机包括由氧化锆制成的球磨筒和球。在1,250℃对所得的混合物进行2小时预烧结(在x=0的情况,为1,300℃),获得式子为(SrxBa1-x)3Co2Fe24O41(x=0,x=0.25,x=0.5,x=0.75或x=1)的Z型结构的六角晶系铁氧体预焙烧粉末。
在获得的各96重量份的预焙烧粉末中,加入5重量份Bi2O3粉末和1重量份SrO粉末,用筒和球都由氧化锆制的球磨机将上述三种粉末研磨混合之。在各混合粉末中加入一种有机溶剂和PVA基粘合剂,再用球磨机进行湿混合。PVA基粘合剂加入量为5重量%。
湿混合之后,进行干燥和分级,将获得的各粉末成形为其外径8毫米,内径4毫米,高2毫米的环。获得的环在900℃烧结2小时。使用阻抗分析仪测定制得的环形试样的磁导率。
实施例1、实施例2、实施例3、实施例4和实施例5中,Sr的取代率分别控制在x=1,x=0.25,x=0.5,x=0.75和x=0。
比较例1和2
按照和实施例2相同的方式,制造比较例1的环形试样,不同之处,是在1,300℃预焙烧获得的预焙烧粉末中没有加入SrO,仅加入5重量份的Bi2O3
按照和实施例3相同的方式,制造比较例2的环形试样,不同之处,是在1,300℃预焙烧获得的预焙烧粉末中没有加入SrO,仅加入5重量份的Bi2O3
与前面实施例类似,测定制得的环形试样的磁导率。
图1和图2所示为各环形试样的磁导率的测定结果。
图1所示是在1.8GHz实数部分μ’和虚数部分μ”的μ’/μ”比值(=Q)与Sr取代率关系的曲线。图2所示是在1.8GHz磁导率的实数部分μ’和Q的乘积(μQ)的曲线。图1和图2中,·代表实施例1-5,△代表比较例1和2。
由图1和图2可知,实施例1-5的μ’/μ”大于比较例1和2,表明降低了磁性损耗。另外,实施例1-5,在μQ中的μ’/μ”也大于比较例1和2,表明具有更好的感应性能。
图3所示为实施例2环形试样的截面的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片。图3中,相对白色而亮的部分表示晶粒间界相,相对黑色而暗的部分表示晶粒。同时实施例2的晶粒测得的平均粒径为0.6微米。比较例1的晶粒的平均粒径为4.5微米。
用EPMA测定晶粒间界相中Bi和Sr的含量。测定结果列于表1。对所有实施例和比较例,按此方法测定Bi和Sr在晶粒间界相中的含量。
                      表1
    Sr含量(重量%)     Bi含量(重量%)
  实施例1     6     39
  实施例2     8     35
  实施例3     9     34
  实施例4     11     34
  实施例5     13     33
  比较例1     <1     43
  比较例2     1     41
由表1可知,本发明的实施例1-5中,发现Sr以高浓度存在于晶粒间界相中。
用XPS还发现,Bi和Sr以其氧化物形式存在于晶粒间界相中。
实施例6
采用刮涂法,使用实施例2中加入粘合剂进行混合后的浆料,制成坯料片。采用丝网印刷法在该坯料片上用Ag糊的形成图案,获得要求的无源电路。还制备了同样形成的不同无源电路的其它坯料片,将10块这样的坯料片叠加在一起,用等静压水压机进行压制粘合,然后900℃烧结,获得多层电感器。发现制得的多层电感器的烧结状态良好。
制造介电材料的坯料片,并在该坯料片上同样叠加上本发明的氧化物磁性材料构成的坯料片,同样压制粘合各多层叠加体,并于900℃烧结,获得多层电感器。制得的多层电感器烧结状态良好。
实施例7-9
按照表2列出的比例,在96重量份按照和实施例2相同方式获得的预烧结粉末中加入BaO、SrO和SiO2,并按照和前面实施例相同的方式制得环形试样。
                       表2
    Bi2O3     SrO   SiO2
  实施例7     5重量份     1重量份   0.5重量份
  实施例8     5重量份     1重量份   1.0重量份
  实施例9     5重量份     1重量份   1.5重量份
按照和前面实施例相同的方式,测得实施例7-9中各试样在晶粒间界相中Bi、Sr和Si的含量。测定结果列于表3。
                           表3
  Sr含量(重量%)   Bi含量(重量%)   Si含量(重量%)
  实施例7   7   33   3
  实施例8   7   30   6
  实施例9   6   27   10
和前面实施例一样,测定实施例7-9各试样的磁导率,测定结果列于表4。还测定烧结的收缩率,测定结果列于表4。通过测定烧结前后的尺寸来计算收缩率。表4也列出了实施例2和比较例1的结果。
                            表4
    收缩率(%)    μ’/μ”(1.8GHz)     μQ(1.8GHz)
  实施例7     9.6    5.64     10.87
  实施例8     12.3    7.49     11.46
  实施例9     13.1    9.33     15.45
  实施例2     9.0    3.32     10.17
  比较例1     0    1.85     5.64
由表4的所列结果可以清楚地知道,由于在晶粒间界相中存在SiO2,所以发现实施例与比较例相比,烧结收缩率提高,磁性也得到改善。本发明的磁性材料可包含元素周期表Ia族或IIa族的元素。加入这类元素能进一步得到良好的磁性,并可以在较低温度进行烧结。在氧化物磁性材料中加入添加剂即VIIb族元素与Ia族元素或IIa族元素的化合物,可以在氧化物磁性材料中加入这些元素。宜使用熔点为900℃或更低的那些化合物作为前面所述的化合物。前面所述熔点为900℃或更低的化合物的例子,包括CaCl2、KF、KI、NaCl、NaI、SrBr2、SrCl2、BaBr2、BaI2等。其中最好使用CaCl2
实施例10
使用6.77重量份SrO粉末、10.02重量份BaO粉末、6.53重量份CoO粉末和83.46重量份Fe2O3粉末作为原料粉末,用筒和球都用氧化锆制的球磨机将上述原料粉末研磨混合24小时。获得的混合粉末在1,250℃预焙烧2小时,获得式子为Sr1.5Ba1.5Co2Fe24O41的Z型结构六角晶系铁氧体的预焙烧粉末。
在获得的93.9重量份预焙烧粉末中,加入5重量份Bi2O3粉末、1重量份SrO粉末和0.1重量份CaCl2粉末,再次用球磨机进行混合。将获得的混合粉末压制成环,该坯料环在900℃烧结2小时。
制得的环形试样在1.8GHz的μ’/μ”比值为3.74,1.8GHz的μQ为13.27。晶粒间界相中Sr的含量为9重量%,Bi含量为34重量%。
根据本发明,可以通过低温烧结制造在高频波段具有优良的磁性的氧化物磁性材料。

Claims (15)

1.含Sr的氧化物磁性材料,在晶体颗粒周围存在晶粒间界相,在晶粒间界相中含有2-30重量%的Sr,以及10-70重量%选自下列的至少一种添加元素:Bi、V、B和Cu,所述的氧化物磁性材料是具有化学式为(SrxBa1-x)3Me2Fe24041的Z相作为主相的六角晶系铁氧体,其中x是满足0≤x≤1的值;所述晶粒的平均粒径不小于0.01微米,不大于3微米。
2.如权利要求1所述的氧化物磁性材料,其特征在于所述添加元素是Bi。
3.如权利要求1所述的氧化物磁性材料,其特征在于所述材料还包含Ca、K、Na、Sr和Ba。
4.制造如权利要求1所述的含Sr氧化物磁性材料的方法,该方法包括下列步骤:预先焙烧氧化物磁性材料的原料粉末制备预焙烧粉末;在预焙烧粉末中加入含至少一种选自Bi、V、B和Cu的添加元素的氧化物和含Sr的氧化物制备混合的粉末;烧结该混合粉末,获得所述的氧化物磁性材料。
5.如权利要求4所述的制造氧化物磁性材料的方法,其特征在于所述添加元素是Bi。
6.如权利要求4所述的制造氧化物磁性材料的方法,其特征在于将含Sr氧化物和含添加元素的氧化物一起与预焙烧粉末进行混合。
7.如权利要求4所述的制造氧化物磁性材料的方法,其特征在于将含Si氧化物和含添加元素的氧化物一起与预焙烧粉末进行混合。
8.如权利要求4所述的制造氧化物磁性材料的方法,其特征在于将CaCl2、KF、KI、NaCl、NaI、SrBr2、SrCl2、BaBr2、BaI2作为添加剂和含添加元素的氧化物一起与预焙烧粉末进行混合。
9.如权利要求8所述的制造氧化物磁性材料的方法,其特征在于所述添加剂熔点为900℃或更低。
10.如权利要求8所述的制造氧化物磁性材料的方法,其特征在于所述添加剂是CaCl2
11.如权利要求8所述的制造氧化物磁性材料的方法,其特征在于所述添加剂在预焙烧粉末中的加入量为0.05-25重量%,。
12.磁性基材,由权利要求1所述的氧化物磁性材料制成。
13.层叠的陶瓷基材,包括如权利要求12所述的磁性基材和叠加在该磁性基材上的介电基材。
14.磁性基材,由权利要求1所述的氧化物磁性材料构成。
15.层叠的陶瓷基材,包括如权利要求14所述的磁性基材和介电基材。
CN03138146.4A 2002-05-31 2003-05-30 氧化物磁性材料的制造方法和氧化物磁性材料 Expired - Fee Related CN1218330C (zh)

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