CN1154381A - 用于含氯聚合物的稳定剂组合物 - Google Patents
用于含氯聚合物的稳定剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1154381A CN1154381A CN96112735A CN96112735A CN1154381A CN 1154381 A CN1154381 A CN 1154381A CN 96112735 A CN96112735 A CN 96112735A CN 96112735 A CN96112735 A CN 96112735A CN 1154381 A CN1154381 A CN 1154381A
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- compound
- ester
- butyl
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- Prior art date
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- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 22
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 17
- -1 disaccharide alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 258
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000004925 dihydropyridyl group Chemical group N1(CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 54
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- PPQREHKVAOVYBT-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;tricarbonate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O PPQREHKVAOVYBT-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical group [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940118662 aluminum carbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- AZYPFBHBVLBWIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-amino-1,3-diethyl-2-sulfanylidenepyrimidin-4-one Chemical compound CCN1C(N)=CC(=O)N(CC)C1=S AZYPFBHBVLBWIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229950000329 thiouracil Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 abstract description 10
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 101100379080 Emericella variicolor andB gene Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 67
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 43
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 40
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 39
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 39
- 229920003319 Araldite® Polymers 0.000 description 37
- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine Substances CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 31
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 20
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 17
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 16
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 15
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical class OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 14
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 12
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrotriazine Chemical compound C1NNNC=C1 FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 11
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 10
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 9
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 9
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 8
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 7
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910017090 AlO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacontan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- FTWUXYZHDFCGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-diphenyloxamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FTWUXYZHDFCGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical group O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 5
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 4
- ICHKVCYUNCKCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(C)C.OCCCCCCO Chemical compound CN(C)C.OCCCCCCO ICHKVCYUNCKCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-hydrazinyl-3-oxopropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(=O)NN HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VDTIMXCBOXBHER-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy-bis(sulfanyl)-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound OP(S)(S)=S VDTIMXCBOXBHER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052674 natrolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940038384 octadecane Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 125000003884 phenylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- ORECYURYFJYPKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexane-1,6-diamine;2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine;2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)N.ClC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1.C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1NCCCCCCNC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 ORECYURYFJYPKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADUAOVRJMDDTIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-dibutylhexanediamide Chemical compound CCCCNC(=O)CCCCC(=O)NCCCC ADUAOVRJMDDTIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WIBFFTLQMKKBLZ-SEYXRHQNSA-N n-butyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC WIBFFTLQMKKBLZ-SEYXRHQNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTIVLGJBKUFOEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tetradecoxyaniline Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCONC1=CC=CC=C1 OTIVLGJBKUFOEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001206 natural gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IOMMMLWIABWRKL-WUTDNEBXSA-N nazartinib Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)/C=C/CN(C)C)CCCC[C@H]1N1C2=C(Cl)C=CC=C2N=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C)=C1 IOMMMLWIABWRKL-WUTDNEBXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZWLPBLYKEWSWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-toluic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O ZWLPBLYKEWSWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCRLWVVFAVLSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(O)O KCRLWVVFAVLSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004893 oxazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GIPDEPRRXIBGNF-KTKRTIGZSA-N oxolan-2-ylmethyl (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC1CCCO1 GIPDEPRRXIBGNF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001312 palmitoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-2-ene Chemical group CCC=CC QMMOXUPEWRXHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVINKLZTQUQDJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecane-2,4-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(C)=O HVINKLZTQUQDJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
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- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenolate Chemical compound [O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003279 phenylacetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003008 phosphonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical compound OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWMPFIOTEAXAGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidin-1-amine Chemical compound NN1CCCCC1 LWMPFIOTEAXAGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFTLXPLETRYGPB-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium (4-oxo-1,3,2-dioxalumetan-2-yl) carbonate Chemical compound C([O-])([O-])=O.[K+].[Al+3].C([O-])([O-])=O UFTLXPLETRYGPB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940114930 potassium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;octadecanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006233 propoxy propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004309 pyranyl group Chemical class O1C(C=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010499 rapseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- XGMYCEAOOAQZEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N s-dodecyl ethanethioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSC(C)=O XGMYCEAOOAQZEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052679 scolecite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- MGLWZSOBALDPEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N simetryn Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(NCC)=NC(SC)=N1 MGLWZSOBALDPEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000429 sodium aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012217 sodium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CTDQAGUNKPRERK-UHFFFAOYSA-N spirodecane Chemical compound C1CCCC21CCCCC2 CTDQAGUNKPRERK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003696 stearoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006158 tetracarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940072958 tetrahydrofurfuryl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)CCCC1 UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGWLTJRQYVEDMR-UHFFFAOYSA-F tetramagnesium;tetracarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O OGWLTJRQYVEDMR-UHFFFAOYSA-F 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UVZICZIVKIMRNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodiacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CSCC(O)=O UVZICZIVKIMRNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007944 thiolates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NJRXVEJTAYWCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiomalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(S)C(O)=O NJRXVEJTAYWCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiosalicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940103494 thiosalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012745 toughening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021654 trace metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQOWHRYOXYEMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazin-4-amine Chemical compound N=C1C=CN=NN1 QQOWHRYOXYEMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002507 tricarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960001147 triclofos Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFENPMLASUEABX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCOP(=O)(OCCCCCC)OCCCCCC SFENPMLASUEABX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005591 trimellitate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTVDYMGQGCNETM-UHFFFAOYSA-N trityl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(OC(=O)C(=C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 PTVDYMGQGCNETM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
- C08K5/151—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having one oxygen atom in the ring
- C08K5/1515—Three-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/014—Stabilisers against oxidation, heat, light or ozone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/005—Stabilisers against oxidation, heat, light, ozone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3442—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having two nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/3462—Six-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
- C08K5/39—Thiocarbamic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. dithiocarbamates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
- Anti-Oxidant Or Stabilizer Compositions (AREA)
- Epoxy Resins (AREA)
Abstract
本发明描述了主要用于PVC的稳定剂组合物,它包括:A)至少一种式I化合物和B)至少一种选自下述各组的化合物:B1)高氯酸盐化合物,B2)缩水甘油化合物,B3)β-二酮类和β-酮酯类,B4)二氢吡啶类和聚二氢吡啶类,B5)多羟基化物和二糖醇类,B6)位阻胺(四烷基哌啶化合物),B7)碱金属硅铝酸盐(沸石),B8)水滑石,B9)碱金属铝碳酸盐(道生利特),B10)碱金属(或碱土金属)的氢氧化物,碳酸(氢)盐或羧酸盐,B11)抗氧剂和润滑剂,B12)有机锡稳定剂。
Description
本发明涉及适于稳定含氯聚合物、尤其是PVC的稳定剂组合物,该组合物由下示式I化合物以及至少一种选自下述的另外物质构成:高氯酸盐,缩水甘油化合物,β-二酮,β-酮酯,二氢吡啶类,聚二氢吡啶,多羟基化合物,二糖醇,位阻胺(四烷基哌啶化合物),碱金属硅铝酸盐,水滑石(hydrotalcites)和碱金属铝碳酸盐(道生利特),碱金属(或碱土金属)的羧酸盐,碳酸(氢)盐或氢氧化物,抗氧剂,润滑剂或有机锡化合物。PVC可以被大量添加物稳定。铅,钡和镉的化合物特别适合于此目的,但现在因为生态原因或由于重金属含量而引起争论(参见“Kunstoffadditive”(Pastics additives),R.Gchter/-H.Müller,CarlHanser Verlag 3rd Edition,1989,P303-311,以及“Kunststoff HandbuchPVC”(Plastics-Handbook PVC),Volume 2/1,W.Becker/D.Braun,Carl,Hanser Verlag,2nd Edition,1985,P531-538;和Kirk-Othmer:“Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology”,4th Ed.,1994,Vol 12,HeatStabilizers p1071-1091)。因此人们正试图寻求其它无铅、钡和镉的有效稳定剂和稳定剂组合物。DE-PS 1694873,EP 65934和EP 41479中早已对式I化合物进行了描述,并且可以按照已知方法通过一步或多步方法步骤制备。现已发现,为了稳定含氯聚合物,尤其是PVC,A)式I化合物其中R1 *和R2 *彼此相互独立代表C1-C12烷基;C3-C6链烯基;未取代的或被1-3个下述基团取代的C5-C8环烷基:C1-C4烷基,C1-C4烷氧基,C5-C8-环烷基或羟基或氯原子;或未取代的或苯环部分被1-3个下述基团取代的C7-C9苯基烷基:C1-C4-烷基,C1-C4烷氧基,C5-C8环烷基或羟基或氯原子,
并且R1 *和R2 *另外可以代表氢和C1-C12烷基,以及
Y为S或O,
可以与B)至少一种选自下述各组的化合物组合:
高氯酸盐和/或
缩水甘油化合物和/或
β-二酮,β-酮酯和/或
二氢吡啶类化合物,聚二氢吡啶类和/或
多羟基化合物,二糖醇类和/或
位阻胺(四烷基哌啶类化合物)和/或
碱金属硅铝酸盐(沸石)和/或
水滑石和/或
碱金属铝碳酸盐(道生利特)和/或
碱金属(或碱土金属)的羧酸盐,碳酸(氢)盐和氢氧化物,和/或
抗氧剂和润滑剂和/或
有机锡化合物。对于式I化合物:
C1-C4烷基是指,例如,甲基,乙基,正-丙基,异丙基,正-,异-,仲-或叔丁基。
C1-C12烷基是指,例如,除上面刚提及的那些基团之外,还包括戊基,己基,庚基,辛基,2-乙基己基,异辛基,癸基,壬基,十一烷基或十二烷基。
C1-C4烷氧基是指,例如,甲氧基,乙氧基,丙氧基,异丙氧基,丁氧基或异丁氧基。
C5-C8环烷基是指,例如,环戊基,环己基,环庚基或环辛基。
C7-C9苯烷基是指,例如,苄基,1-或2-苯乙基,3-苯基丙基,α,α-二甲基苄基或2-苯基异丙基,优选苄基。
当环烷基或苯基烷基中的苯基被取代时,则它们优选被所述取代基中的两个或-个取代基取代,尤其是被Cl,羟基,甲基或甲氧基取代。
C3-C6链烯基是指,例如,乙烯基,烯丙基,甲代烯丙基,1-丁烯基或1-己烯基,优选烯丙基。
优选下述式I化合物,其中:R1 *和R2 *彼此独立代表C1-C4烷基和氢。特别优选其中R1 *与R2 *相同并代表甲基,乙基,丙基,丁基或烯丙基,或者R1 *与R2 *不同并代表乙基和烯丙基的式I化合物。
为实现在含氯聚合物中的稳定化作用,组分A)化合物以最好为0.01至10%(重量比),优选为0.05至5%(重量比),尤其是0.1至3%(重量比)的量使用。
B)中所提及的各组化合物如下所述:高氯酸盐化合物
上述化合物的实例为式M(ClO4)n所表示的那些化合物,其中M代表Li,Na,K,Mg,Ca,Sr,Zn,Al,La或Ce。根据M的价值,指数n为1,2或3。所述高氯酸盐可以与醇(多羟基化合物,环糊精)或醚醇或酯醇配合。醇酯还包括多羟基化合物的部分酯。对于多元醇或多羟基化合物,它们的二聚体,三聚体,低聚体和聚合物也同样合适,如二-,三-,四-和聚-乙二醇,以及二-,三-和四-季戊四醇或不同聚合度的聚乙烯醇。高氯酸盐可以以各种已知形式掺入,例如,以盐或水溶液形式施加于底物,如PVC,硅酸钙,沸石或水滑石,或通过化学反应在水沸石中键合。甘油单醚和甘油单硫醚为优选的多羟基化合物的部分醚。其它形式见EP 394 547,EP 457 471和WO 94/24200中所述。
按100份PVC重量计,高氯酸盐可以以,例如,0.001至5,最好0.01至3,尤其是0.01至2份重量比的量使用。缩水甘油化合物
这些化合物含有缩水甘油基其中该基团直接与碳,氧,氮或硫原子键合,并且其中或者R1和R3均为氢,R2为氢或甲基且n=0,或者R1和R3一同表示-CH2-CH2-或-CH2-CH2-CH2-,在这种情况下R2为氢且n=0或1。
I)缩水甘油基和b-甲基缩水甘油基酯,它们可通过使其分子中具有至少一个羧基的化合物与表氯醇或二氯甘油或b-甲基表氯醇反应制得。反应最好在碱存在下进行。
脂族羧酸可用作分子中含有至少一个羧基的化合物。这些羧酸的实例包括戊二酸,己二酸,庚二酸,辛二酸,壬二酸,癸二酸或二聚或三聚亚油酸,丙烯酸和异丁烯酸,己酸,辛酸,月桂酸,肉豆蔻酸,棕榈酸,硬脂酸和壬酸,以及在有机锌化合物方面所提及的酸。
然而,使用脂环族羧酸也是可行的,如环己烷羧酸,四氢化邻苯二甲酸,4-甲基四氢化邻苯二甲酸,六氢化邻苯二甲酸或4-甲基六氢化邻苯二甲酸。
使用芳族羧酸也是可行的,如苯甲酸,邻苯二甲酸,间苯二酸,1,2,4-苯三酸或1,2,4,5-苯四酸。
1,2,4-苯三酸和多羟基化合物的羧基一端接加合物也可被使用,其中的多羟基化合物为如甘油或2,2-双(4-羟基环己基)丙烷。
其它可在本发明范围之内可被使用的环氧化物见EP 0506 617中所述。
II)缩水甘油基或(b-甲基缩水甘油基)醚,它们可通过使含有至少一个游离醇式羟基和/或酚式羟基的化合物与适当取代的表氯醇在碱性条件下反应,或者在酸性催化剂存在下反应且随后用碱处理而制得。
这种类型的醚可由,例如,无环醇衍生得到,这种醇如乙二醇,二甘醇和高聚氧化亚乙基二醇,丙烷-1,2-二醇,或聚氧化亚乙基二醇,丙烷-1,3-二醇,丁烷-1,4-二醇,聚氧化亚丁基二醇,戊烷-1,5-二醇,己烷-1,6-二醇,己烷-2,4,6-三醇,甘油,1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷,双三羟甲基丙烷,季戊四醇,山梨醇,以及由聚表氯醇,丁醇,叔戊醇,戊醇衍生得到,和由单官能醇衍生得到,这种醇如异辛醇,2-乙基己醇,异癸醇以及C7-C9链烷醇和C9-C11链烷醇混合物。
然而,它们也可由脂环醇产生,这些酯环醇如1,3-或1,4-二羟基环己烷,二(4-羟基环己基)甲烷,2,2-二(4-羟基环己基)丙烷或1,1-二(羟甲基)环己基-3-烯,或者它们具有芳核,如N,N-二(2-羟乙基)苯胺或P,P′-二(2-羟乙基氨基)二苯甲烷。
环氧化物化合物也可由单核酚类产生,如苯酚,间苯二酚或对苯二酚,或者基于多核酚类产生,这些酚如二(4-羟基苯基)甲烷,2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)丙烷,2,2-二(3,5-二溴代-4-羟基苯基)丙烷,4,4′-二羟基二苯砜,或基于苯酚与甲醛在酸性条件下得到的缩合产物如酚醛清漆的环氧化物。
其它可能的末端氧化物有,例如,缩水甘油基-1-萘基醚,缩水甘油基-2-苯基苯醚,2-联苯基缩水甘油醚,N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺和2,3-环氧丙基-4-甲氧基苯醚。
III)(N-缩水甘油基)化合物,它们通过使表氯醇与含有至少一个氨基氢原子的胺的反应产物脱氯化氢而制得。这些胺包括,例如,苯胺,N-甲基苯胺,甲苯胺,正丁胺,二(4-氨基)甲烷,间二甲苯二胺或双(4-甲氨基苯基)甲烷,且还包括N,N,O-三缩水甘油基-间-氨基苯酚或N,N,O-三缩水甘油基-对-氨基苯酚。
然而,(N-缩水甘油基)化合物还包括环状亚烷基脲如亚乙基脲或1,3-亚丙基脲的N,N′-二-,N,N′,N″-三-和N,N′,N″,N-四-缩水甘油基衍生物,以及乙内酰脲类如5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲或甘脲的N,N′-二缩水甘油基衍生物和异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯。
IV)S-缩水甘油化合物,如二-S-缩水甘油衍生物,它们由二硫醇如乙烷-1,2-二硫醇或二(4-巯甲基苯基)醚产生。
V)包含式I基团(其中R1和R3-同表示-CH2-CH2-且n为0)的环氧化物包括二(2,3-环氧环戊基)醚,2,3-环氧环戊基缩水甘油基醚或1,2-双(2,3-环氧基环戊)氧基)乙烷。包含式I基团(其中R1和R3一同表示-CH2-CH2-且n为1)的环氧树脂为,例如,3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己烷羧酸(3′,4′-环氧-6′-甲基环己基)-甲基酯。
合适的末端环氧化物包括(TM表示):
a)双酚A的液态二缩水甘油醚,如Araldite TMGy 240,AralditeTMGy250,Araldite TM Gy260,Araldite TM Gy266,Araldite TMGy2600,Araldite TMMY790;
b)双酚A的固态二缩水甘油醚,如
AralditeTMGT 6071,AralditeTMGT 7071,AralditeTMGT 7072,AralditeTMGT 6063,AralditeTMGT7203,AralditeTMGT 6064,AralditeTMGT 7304,AralditeTMGT 7004,AralditeTMGT 6084,AralditeTMGT 1999,AralditeTMGT 7077,AralditeTMGT6097,AralditeTMGT 7097,AralditeTMGT 7008,AralditeTMGT 6099,AralditeTMGT 6608,AralditeTMGT 6609,AralditeTMGT 6610;
c)双酚F的液态二缩水甘油醚,如Araldite TM GY 281,Araldite TMPy 302,Araldite TM G Py306;
d)四苯乙烷的固态多缩水甘油醚,如CG Epoxy ResinTM 0163;
e)固态和液态线性苯酚甲醛树脂的多缩水甘油醚,如EPN1138,EPN 1139,GY1180,Py 307;
f)固态和液态线性邻-甲酚甲醛清沫树脂多缩水甘油醚,如ECN1235,ECN 1273,ECN 1280,ECN 1299;
g)醇的液态缩水甘油醚,如ShellTM缩水甘油醚162,AralditeTMDy0390,AralditeTM Dy 0391;
h)羧酸的液态缩水甘油醚,如ShellTM Cardura E对苯二酸酯,1,2,4-苯三酸酯,AralditeTM Py 284;
i)固态杂环环氧树脂(异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯),如AralditeTM PT810;
J)液态脂环族环氧树脂,如AralditeTM Cy 179;
k)液态对-氨基苯酚的N,N,O-三缩水甘油醚,如Araldite TMMy 0510;
l)四缩水甘油-4,4′-亚甲基苄胺或N,N,N′,N′-四缩水甘油二氨基苯甲烷,如AralditeTM My 720,AralditeTM My 721。
优选使用具有两个官能团的环氧化物化合物。然而,原则上也可以使用具有一个,三个或多个官能团的环氧化物化合物。
主要使用具有芳基的环氧化物化合物,尤其是二缩水甘油化合物。
如果合适,也可以使用不同环氧化物化合物的混合物。
特别优选的末端环氧化物为基于双酚的二缩水甘油醚,双酚如2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷(双酚A),双(4-羟基苯基)甲烷或双(邻/对-羟基苯基)甲烷混合物(双酚F)。
按100份PVC重量计,末端环氧化物化合物的使用量优选为至少0.1份,例如0.1至50份,最好为1至30份,尤其是1至25份(重量比)。
β-二酮,β-酮酯类
可使用的1,3-二羰基化合物可以是线性或环状二羰基化合物。优选使用具有下式结构的二羰基化合物:
R1′COCHR2′-COR3′其中
R1′代表C1-C22烷基,C5-C10羟烷基,C2-C18-链烯基,苯基,被OH,C1-C4烷基,C1-C4烷氧基,或被卤素取代的苯基,C7-C10苯基烷基,C5-C12-环烷基,被C1-C4烷基取代的C5-C12环烷基,或者R1′代表式-R5′- S-R6′或-R5′-O-R6′基团,
R2′代表氢,C1-C8烷基,C2-C12链烯基,苯基,C7-C12烷基苯基,C7-C10苯基烷基或基团-COR4′,
R3′的定义同R1′或代表C1-C18烷氧基,
R4′代表C1-C4烷基或苯基,
R5′代表C1-C10亚烷基,以及
R6′代表C1-C12烷基,苯基,C7-C18烷基苯基或C7-C10苯基烷基。
这些化合物包括EP 346 279中所述的含有羟基的二酮类化合物和EP 307 358中所述的氧杂-和硫杂-二酮化合物,以及基于US 4339 383中所述异氰酸的酮酯。
作为烷基,R1′和R3′尤为C1-C18烷基,如甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,叔丁基,戊基,己基,庚基,辛基,癸基,十二烷基或十八烷基。
作为羟烷基,R1′和R3′尤为基团-(CH2)n-OH,其中n为5,6或7。
作为链烯基,R1′和R3′例如可以是乙烯基,烯丙基,甲基烯丙基,1-丁烯基,1-己烯基或油基,优选烯丙基。
作为被OH,烷基,烷氧基或卤素取代的苯基,R1′和R3′可以是,例如,甲苯基,二甲苯基,叔丁基苯基,甲氧苯基,乙氧苯基,羟苯基,氯苯基或二氯苯基。
作为苯基烷基,R1′和R3′尤为苄基。作为环烷基或烷基环烷基,R2′和R3′尤为环己基或甲基环己基。
作为烷基,R2′尤为C1-C4烷基。作为C2-C12链烯基,R2′尤为烯丙基。作为烷基苯基,R2′尤为甲苯基。作为苯基烷基,R2′尤为苄基。R2′优选为氢。作为烷氧基,R3′可以是,例如,甲氧基,乙氧基,丁氧基,己氧基,辛氧基,十二烷氧基,十三烷氧基,十四烷氧基或十八烷氧基。作为C1-C10亚烷基,R5′尤为C2-C4亚烷基。作为烷基, R6′尤为C4-C12烷基,如丁基,己基,辛基,癸基或十二烷基。作为烷基苯基,R6′尤为甲苯基。作为苯基烷基,R6′尤为苄基。
上式1,3-二羰基化合物及它们的碱金属,碱土金属以及锌螯合剂的例子包括乙酰丙酮,丁酰丙酮,庚酰丙酮,硬脂酰丙酮,棕榈酰丙酮,月桂酰丙酮,7-叔壬硫基-庚烷-2,4-二酮,苯甲酰丙酮,二苯甲酰甲烷,月桂酰苯甲酰甲烷,棕榈酰-苯甲酰甲烷,硬脂酰苯甲酰甲烷,异辛基苯甲酰基甲烷,5-羟基己酰基苯甲酰甲烷,三苯甲酰基甲烷,双(4-甲基苯甲酰基)甲烷,苯甲酰基-对-氯苯甲酰基甲烷,双(2-羟基苯甲酰基)甲烷,4-甲氧基苯甲酰基-苯甲酰甲烷,双(4-甲氧基苯甲酰基)甲烷,1-苯甲酰基-1-乙酰基壬烷,苯甲酰基-乙酰基苯甲烷,硬脂酰-4-甲氧基苯甲酰基甲烷,双(4-叔丁基苯甲酰基)甲烷,苯甲酰基-甲酰基甲烷,苯甲酰基-苯乙酰基甲烷,二-环己酰基-甲烷,二-新戊酰甲烷,2-乙酰基环戊酮,2-苯甲酰基环戊酮,二乙酰乙酸的甲基,乙基和烯丙基酯,苯甲酰基-,丙酰基-和丁酰基-乙酰乙酸甲基和乙基酯,三乙酰甲烷,乙酰乙酸甲基,乙基,己基,辛基,十二烷基或十八烷基酯,苯甲酰乙酸甲基,乙基,丁基,2-乙基己基,十二烷基或十八烷基酯,以及丙酰基-和丁酰基-乙酸C1-C18烷基酯。硬脂酰乙酸乙基,丙基,丁基,己基或辛基酯和EP 433 230中所述的多核β-酮酯和脱氢乙酸以及它们的锌,镁或碱金属盐。
优选使用定义如下的上式1,3-二酮化合物,其中R1′代表C1-C18烷基,苯基,被OH,甲基或甲氧基取代的苯基,C7-C10苯基烷基或环己基,R2′代表氢且R3′的定义同R1′。
按100份PVC重量计,1,3-二酮化合物的使用量可以是,例如,0.01至10份,优选0.01至3份,且尤为0.01至2份(重量比)。二氢吡啶类,聚二氢吡啶类
合适的单体二氢吡啶见如FR 2039496,EP 2007,EP0362012,EP 0 286 887和EP 0024754中所述。
合适的聚二氢吡啶类尤为下式化合物:其中T代表未取代的或被下述基团取代的C1-C22烷基:C1-C18烷氧基,C1-C18烷硫基,羟基,丙烯酰氧基,异丁烯酰氧基,卤素,苯基或萘基;未取代的或被C1-C18烷基,C1-C18烷氧基或卤素取代的C5-C10芳基并且该芳基也可以是杂环的;
C3-C10链烯基,CH3-CO-CH2-CO-OR-,CH3-CO=CH2-COO-R1,CH3-C(NR2)=CH-COOR-或CH3-C(NR2)=CHCO-OR′-;
L的定义同T,或者代表由未取代的或被C1-C12烷氧基,C1-C12硫代烷氧基-,C6-C10芳基-,C1-C12羧基-或羟基-取代的直链或支链烷基基团得到的三-或多-价基团,
m和n代表0至20数值。
k代表0或1,
j为1至6的数值且条件j(k+m+n)>1和m+n>0应被满足。
R和R′各自独立代表亚甲基或亚苯基,或者代表具有-(CpH2p-X-)tCpH2p-结构的亚烷基,该亚烷基是未取代的或载有选自C1-C12烷氧基,C1-C12-硫代烷氧基,C6-C10芳基,C1-C12羧基和羟基的取代基。
p为2至18,
t为0至10,
x为氧或硫,
或者,当k为0且j>1时,R和R′与L一同形成直接连键。
R″代表氢,或C1-C18烷基,C2-C18烷氧羰基或C6-C10芳基,它们各自为未取代的或被一或多个C1-C12烷基,C1-C8烷氧基,卤素或NO2取代基取代,
以及,两个R基相同或不同并且代表氢,C1-C18烷基,C1-C18羟烷基或C1-C18烷氧烷基或者一同代表未间断的或O-间断的C3-C5亚烷基,
或者代表直链或支链C2-C22链烯基。
有关这些化合物的更详细描述见EP 028 6887中所述。
特别优选硫代二亚乙基-双〔5-甲氧羰基-2,6-二甲基-1,4-二氢吡啶-3-羧酸酯〕。
(聚)二氢吡啶类化合物在含氯聚合物中的用量,按100份聚合物的重量计,为0.001至5份,优选0.005至1份(重量比)。多羟基化合物,二糖醇
这种类型的合适化合物实例包括
季戊四醇,二(聚)季戊四醇,三(聚)季戊四醇,双三羟甲基丙烷,双-三羟甲基乙烷,三羟甲基丙烷,肌醇,聚乙烯醇,山梨醇,麦芽糖醇,异麦芽糖醇,乳糖醇,lycasin,甘露糖醇,乳糖,明串珠菌二醇,异氰脲酸三(羟乙酯),宫殿糖醇(palatinite),四-羟甲基环己醇,四-羟甲基环戊醇,四-羟甲基吡喃醇,甘油,双甘油,聚甘油,硫代双甘油或1-O-α-D-吡喃葡糖基-D-甘露糖二水合物。其中优选化合物二糖醇。
按100份PVC重量计,多羟基化合物的使用量为,例如,0.01至20份,优选0.1至20份,尤为0.1至10份(重量比)。位阻胺(四烷基哌啶化合物)
本发明可使用的位阻胺(特别是哌啶化合物)尤其以作为光稳定剂而著称。这些化合物含有一个或多个下式基团:
上述化合物可以是相对低分子量(<700)或相对高分子量的化合物。在后一种情况下,它们可以是低聚物或聚合物,优选分子量大于700且不含酯基的四甲基哌啶化合物。
作为稳定剂,特别重要的化合物为下述各类四甲基哌啶化合物。
在下述a)至f)各类化合物中,其结构图中具有下标标记的取代基相应于(出于技术原因)所述结构图的描述或定义部分中具有上标标记的取代基。因此,例如,式(II)中的取代基“R1”相应于其描述部分的“R”。
a)式II化合物:其中
n为数值1至4,优选为1或2,
R′代表氢,氧基,C1-C12烷基,C3-C8链烯基,C3-C8炔基,C7-C12芳烷基,C1-C18链烷酰基,C3-C5烯酰基,缩水甘油基或基团-CH2CH(OH)-Z,其中Z代表氢,甲基或苯基,R′优选为C1-C4烷基,烯丙基,苄基,乙酰基或丙烯酰,以及
当n为1时,R2代表氢,未间断的或被1或多个氧原子间断的C1-C18烷基,氰基乙基,苄基,缩水甘油基,下述羧酸的单价基团:脂族,脂环族,芳脂族,不饱和芳族羧酸,氨基甲酸或含磷酸,或者单价甲硅烷基,优选具有2至18碳原子脂族羧酸单价基团,具有7至15个碳原子的脂环族羧酸单价基团,具有3至5碳原子的α,β-不饱和羧酸单价基团或具有7至15个碳原子的芳族羧酸单价基团,并且,当n为2时,R2代表C1-C12亚烷基,C4-C12亚链烯基,亚二甲苯基,脂族,脂环族,芳代脂族或芳族二羧酸,二氨基甲酸或含磷酸的二价基团,或二价甲硅烷基,优选具有2至36碳原子的脂族二羧酸,具有8至14碳原子的脂环族或芳族二羧酸或具有8至14碳原子的脂族,脂环族或芳族二氨基甲酸的基团,和,当n为3时,R2代表下述化合物的三价基团:脂族,脂环族或芳族三羧酸,芳族三氨基甲酸或含磷酸,或者代表三价甲硅烷基,以及,当n为4时,R2代表四价脂族,脂环族或芳族四羧酸基团。
当取代基中的任一个代表C1-C12烷基时,它们包括,例如,甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,仲丁基,叔丁基,正己基,正辛基,2-乙基己基,正壬基,正癸基,正十-烷基或正十二烷基。
在C1-C18烷基定义中,R2可以是,例如,上面所列基团,除此之外,还可以是例如正十三烷基,正十四烷基,正十六烷基或正十八烷基。
当R1代表C3-C8链烯基时,它可以是,例如,1-丙烯基,烯丙基,甲代烯丙基,2-丁烯基,2-戊烯基,2-己烯基,2-辛烯基或4-叔丁基-2-丁烯基。
作为C3-C8炔基,R1优先代表炔丙基。
作为C7-C12芳烷基,R1尤指苯乙基且更特别地是指苄基。
作为C1-C8链烷酰基,R1例如为甲酰基,丙酰基,丁酰基,辛酰基,但优选乙酰基,并且对于C3-C5烯酰基,尤指丙烯酰基。
当R2代表单价羧酸基团时,它可以为,例如,乙酸,己酸,硬脂酸,丙烯酸,异丁烯酸,苯甲酸或β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸基团。
当R2代表二价二羧酸基团时,它可以是,例如,丙二酸,琥珀酸,戊二酸,己二酸,辛二酸,癸二酸,马来酸,苯二甲酸,二丁基丙二酸,二苄基丙二酸,丁基-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-丙二酸或二环庚烯二羧酸基团。
当R2代表三价三羧酸基团时,它可以为,例如,偏苯三酸或次氮基三乙酸基团。
当R2代表四价四羧酸基团时,它可以为,例如,丁烷-1,2,3,4-四羧酸的四价键,或者1,2,4,5-苯四酸的四价基。
当R2代表二价二氨基甲酸基时,它可以为,例如六亚甲基二氨基甲酸或2,4-甲代亚苯基-二氨基甲酸基团。
下述化合物为上述类型的多烷基哌啶化合物实例:1)4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,2)1-烯丙基-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,3)1-苄基-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,4)1-(4-叔丁基-2-丁烯基)-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,5)4-硬脂酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,6)1-乙基-4-水杨酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,7)4-异丁烯酰氧基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶,8)1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶-4-基-β-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯,9)马来酸二(1-苄基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,10)琥珀酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,11)戊二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,12)己二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,13)癸二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,14)癸二酸二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,15)癸二酸二(1,2,3,6-四甲基-2,6-二乙基哌啶-4-基)酯,16)苯二甲酸二(1-烯丙基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,17)1-炔丙基-4 β-氰基乙氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶18)乙酸1-乙酰基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基酯19)偏苯三酸三(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,20)1-丙烯酰基-4-苄氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,21)二乙基丙二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,22)二丁基丙二酸二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,23)丁基(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-丙二酸二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,24)二苄基-丙二酸二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,25)二苄基-丙二酸二(1,2,3,6-四甲基-2,6-二乙基-哌啶-4-基)酯,26)己烷-1′,6′-双(4-氨基甲酰氧基-1-正丁基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶),27)甲苯-2′,4′-双(4-氨基甲酰氧基-1-正丙基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶),28)二甲基-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-氧基)-硅烷,29)苯基-三(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-氧基)硅烷,30)三(1-丙基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)亚磷酸酯,31)三(1-丙基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)磷酸酯,32)苯基-〔双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶-4-基〕-磷酸酯,33)4-羟基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶,34)4-羟基-N-羟乙基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,35)4-羟基-N-(2-羟丙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,36)1-缩水甘油基-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶。
n代表数值1或2,
R1的定义同a)中所述,
R3代表氢,C1-C12烷基,C2-C5羟基烷基,C5-C7环烷基,C7-C8芳烷基,C2-C18烷酰基,C3-C5烯酰基或苯甲酰基,和,
当n为1时,R4代表氢,C1-C18烷基,C3-C8链烯基,C5-C7环烷基,被羟基,氰基,烷氧羰基或氨基甲酰基取代的C1-C4烷基,缩水甘油基,式-CH2-CH(OH)-Z或式-CONH-Z基团,其中Z代表氢,甲基或苯基;以及,当n为2时,R4代表C2-C12亚烷基,C6-C12亚芳基,亚二甲苯基,-CH2-CH(OH)CH2-基团或基团-CH2-CH(OH)CH2-O-D-O-,其中D代表C2-C10亚烷基,C6-C15亚芳基或C6-C12亚环烷基,或者,
在R3不代表烷酰基,烯酰基或苯甲酰基的条件下,
R4也可以代表二价脂族,脂环族或芳族二元羧酸或二氨基甲酸的基团,或者也可以代表-CO-,或者,
当n为1时R3和R4一同表示二价脂族,脂环族或芳族1,2-或1,3-二羧酸基团。
当任何取代基代表C1-C12-或C1-C18-烷基时,它们与上面a)中已定义的基团相同。
当任何取代基代表C5-C7环烷基时,它们尤为环己基。
作为C7-C8芳烷基,R3尤指苯乙基,或者更特别指苄基。作为C2-C5羟基烷基,R2尤指2-羟基乙基或2-羟基丙基。
作为C2-C18烷酰基,R3代表,例如,丙酰基,丁酰基,辛酰基,十二烷酰基,十六烷酰基,十八烷酰基,但优选乙酰基,并且作为C3-C5烯酰基,R3尤为丙烯酰基。
当R4代表C2-C8链烯基时,则其为,例如,烯丙基,甲代烯丙基,2-丁烯基,2-戊烯基,2-己烯基或2-辛烯基。
R4代表被羟基,氰基,烷氧羰基或氨基甲酰基取代的C1-C4烷基时,可以为,例如,2-羟乙基,2-羟丙基,2-氰基乙基,甲氧羰基甲基,2-乙氧羰基乙基,2-氨基羰基丙基或2-(二甲氨基羰基)乙基。
当任何取代基代表C2-C12亚烷基时,它们包括,例如,1,2-亚乙基,亚丙基,2,2-二甲基-1,3-亚丙基,1,4-亚丁基,1,6-亚己基,1,8-亚辛基,1,10-亚癸基或1,12-亚十二烷基。
当任何取代基代表C6-C15亚芳基时,它们包括,例如,邻-,间-或对-亚苯基,1,4-亚萘基或4,4′-联亚苯基。
作为C6-C12亚环烷基,D尤为亚环己基。
下述化合物为所述类型的多烷基哌啶化合物实例:37)N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)六亚甲基-1,6-二胺,38)N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)六亚甲基-1,6-二乙酰胺和1,6-二甲酰胺39)1-乙酰基-4-(N-环己基乙酰氨基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,40)4-苯甲酰氨基-2,2,6,6-四亚甲基哌啶,41)N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)-N,N′-二丁基-己二酰二胺,42)N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)-N,N′-二环己基-2-羟基亚丙基-1,3-二胺43)N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)-对-亚二甲苯基二胺,44)N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)琥珀酰二胺,45)N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)-β-氨基二丙酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,46)下式化合物47)4-(双-2-羟乙基-氨基)-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶,48)4-(3-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯甲酰氨基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,49)4-异丁烯酰氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶,
n为数值1或2,
R1的定义同a)中所述,以及
当n为1时,R5代表C2-C8亚烷基或C2-C8-羟基亚烷基或C4-C22酰氧基亚烷基,以及当n为2时,R5为基团(-CH2)2C(CH2-)2。
当R5代表C2-C8亚烷基或C2-C8羟基亚烷基时,其可以为,例如,1,2-亚乙基,1-甲基-1,2-亚乙基,亚丙基,2-乙基亚丙基或2-乙基-2-羟甲基亚丙基。
作为C4-C22酰氧基亚烷基,R5可以为,例如,2-乙基-2-乙酰氧基甲基亚丙基。
下述化合物为所述种类的多烷基哌啶化合物实例:50)9-氮杂-8,8,10,10-四甲基-1,5-二氧杂螺-〔5.5〕十一烷51)9-氮杂-8,8,10,10-四甲基-3-乙基-1,5-二氧杂螺〔5.5〕十一烷,52)8-氮杂-2,7,7,8,9,9-六甲基-1,4-二氧杂螺〔4.5〕癸烷53)9-氮杂-3-羟甲基-3-乙基-8,8,9,10,10-五甲基-1,5-二氧杂螺〔5.5〕十一烷,54)9-氮杂-3-乙基-3-乙酰氧基甲基-9-乙酰基-8,8,10,10-四甲基-1,5-二氧杂螺〔5.5〕十一烷,55)2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-螺-2′-(1′,3′-二噁烷)-5′-螺-5″-(1″,3″-二噁烷)-2″-螺-4″-(2,2,6 ,6-四甲基哌啶)。
R6代表氢,C1-C12烷基,烯丙基,苄基,缩水甘油基或C2-C6烷氧基,以及
当n为1时,R7代表氢,C1-C12烷基,C3-C5-链烯基,C7-C9芳烷基,C5-C7环烷基,C2-C4羟基烷基,C2-C6烷氧烷基,C6-C10芳基,缩水甘油基或者式-(CH2)P-COO-Q或式-(CH2)P-O-CO-Q的基团,其中p为1或2且Q代表C1-C4烷基或苯基,以及,当n为2时,R7代表C2-C12亚烷基,C4-C12-亚烯基,C6-C12亚芳基,基团-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-D-O-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-,其中D代表C2-C10亚烷基,C6-C15亚芳基,C6-C12亚环烷基,或基团-CH2CH(OZ′)CH2-(OCH2-CH(OZ′)CH2)2-,其中Z′代表氢,C1-C18烷基,烯丙基,苄基,C2-C12烷酰基或苯甲酰基,T1和T2各自独立为氢,C1-C18烷基,或未取代的或卤代或C1-C4烷基取代的C6-C10芳基或C7-C9芳烷基,或者T1和T2与它们所键连的碳原子一同形成C5-C12环烷烃环。
当任何取代基代表C1-C12烷基时,它们包括,例如,甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,仲丁基,叔丁基,正己基,正辛基,2-乙基己基,正壬基,正癸基,正十一烷基或正-十二烷基。
任何具有C1-C18烷基定义的取代基可以为,例如,上面所列基团,此外还有例如正十三烷基,正十四烷基,正十六烷基或正十八烷基。
当任何取代基代表C2-C6烷氧烷基,它们包括,例如,甲氧甲基,乙氧甲基,丙氧甲基,叔丁氧甲基,乙氧乙基,乙氧丙基,正丁氧乙基,叔丁氧基乙基,异丙氧基乙基或丙氧基丙基。
当R7代表C3-C5链烯基时,其可以为,例如,1-丙烯基,烯丙基,甲代烯丙基,2-丁烯基或2-戊烯基。
作为C7-C9芳烷基,R1,T1和T2尤为苯乙基,或者更特别地为苄基。当T1和T2与它们键合的碳原子一同形成环烷烃环时,此环可以为,例如,环戊烷,环己烷,环辛烷或环癸烷环。
当R7代表C2-C4羟基烷基时,其可以为,例如,2-羟基乙基,2-羟基丙基,2-羟基丁基或4-羟基丁基。
作为C6-C10芳基,R7,T1和T2尤为苯基,α-或β-萘基,它们可以是未取代的或被卤素或被C1-C4烷基取代。
当R7代表C2-C12亚烷基时,其可以为,例如,亚乙基,亚丙基,2,2-二甲基亚丙基,1,4-亚丁基,1,6-亚己基,1,8-亚辛基,1,10-亚癸基或1,12-亚十二烷基。
作为C4-C12亚烯基,R7尤为2-丁烯撑,2-戊烯撑或3-己烯撑。
当R7代表C6-C12亚芳基时,其可以为,例如,邻-,间-或对-亚苯基,1,4-亚萘基或4,4′-联亚苯基。
当Z1代表C2-C12烷酰基时,其可以为,例如,丙酰基,丁酰基,辛酰基,十二烷酰基,但优选乙酰基。
D代表C2-C10亚烷基,C6-C15亚芳基或C6-C12亚环烷基时,其定义同b)中所述。
下述化合物为所述种类的多烷基哌啶化合物实例:56)3-苄基-1,3,8-三氮杂-7,7,9,9-四甲基螺〔4.5〕癸烷-2,4-二酮,57)3-正辛基-1,3,8-三氮杂-7,7,9,9-四甲基螺〔4.5〕癸烷-2,4-二酮,58)3-烯丙基-1,3,8-三氮杂-1,7,7,9,9-五甲基螺〔4.5〕癸烷-2,4-二酮,59)3-缩水甘油基-1,3,8-三氮杂-7,7,8,9,9-五甲基螺〔4.5〕癸烷-2,4-二酮,60)1,3,7,7,8,9,9-七甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂-螺〔4.5〕癸烷-2,4-二酮61)2-异丙基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代-螺〔4.5〕癸烷,62)2,2-二丁基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代-螺〔4.5〕癸烷,63)2,2,4,4-四甲基-7-氧杂-3,20-二氮杂-21-氧代-二螺〔5.1.11.2〕二十一烷,64)2-丁基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1-氧杂-4,8-二氮杂-3-氧代-螺〔4.5〕癸烷,65)8-乙酰基-3-十二烷基-1,3,8-三氮杂-7,7,9,9-四甲基螺〔4.5〕癸烷-2,4-二酮,或下式化合物:e)式VI化合物其中n为数值1或2且R8代表下式结构基团:其中R1的定义同a)中所述,E代表-O-或-NR11-,A代表C2-C6亚烷基或-(CH2)3-O-以及x为数值0或1,
R9与R8相同,或者代表下述基团之一:-NR11R12,-OR13,-NHCH2OR13或-N(CH2OR13)2,
当n=1时,R10与R8或R9相同,以及,当n=2时,R10为基团-E-B-E-,其中B代表未间断的或被-N(R11)-间断的C2-C6亚烷基,
R11代表C1-C12烷基,环己基,苄基或C1-C4-羟基烷基或下式基团:R12代表C1-C12烷基,环己基,苄基,C1-C4羟基烷基,以及R13代表氢,C1-C12烷基或苯基,或者R11和R12一同代表C4-C5亚烷基或C4-C5氧杂亚烷基,例如或者一同代表下式基团:或者R11和R12各自代表下式基团:
当任何取代基代表C1-C12烷基时,它们包括,例如,甲基,乙基,正丙基,正丁基,仲丁基,叔丁基,正己基,正辛基,2-乙基己基,正壬基,正癸基,正十一烷基或正十二烷基。
当任何取代基代表C1-C4羟烷基时,它们包括,例如,2-羟基乙基,2-羟基丙基,3-羟基丙基,2-羟基丁基或4-羟基丁基。
当A代表C2-C6亚烷基时,其可以为,例如,亚乙基,亚丙基,2,2-二甲基亚丙基,1,4-亚丁基或1,6-亚己基。
当R11和R12一同表示C4-C5亚烷基或C4-C5氧杂亚烷基时,它们包括,例如,1,4-亚丁基,1,5-亚戊基或3-氧杂-1,5-亚戊基。
F)低聚物或聚合物,它们的结构重复单元包含一个或多个式(I)2,2,6,6-四烷基哌啶基团,尤其是含有这类基团的聚酯,聚醚,聚酰胺,聚胺,聚氨酯,聚脲,聚氨基三嗪,聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯,聚硅氧烷,聚(甲基)丙烯酰胺以及它们的共聚物。
这种类型的2,2,6,6-多烷基哌啶光稳定剂实例包括下式各式化合物,其中m代表数值2至大约200。 其中R=H或CH3 其中R=
和R′=
或H{通过三氯三嗪和NH2-(CH2)3-NH-(CH2)2-(CH2)3-NH2的反应产物与4-N-丁基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶反应制得}。
这些种类化合物中,种类a)和f)特别合适,尤其是那些含有S-三嗪基团的四烷基哌啶化合物。此外,化合物74,76,84,87,92,95和96也特别合适。
根据文献(例如,参看Houben-Weyl″Methoden der organischenChemie″,Vol.VIII,P.233-237,3rd Ed,Thieme Verlag Stuttgart 1971),N-哌啶基-三嗪类化合物的制备是已知的。各种N-哌啶基胺氰尿酰氯,二氨基-氯-1,3,5-三嗪或各种取代的双二烷基氨基-氯-1,3,5-三嗪或二烷基氨基或烷基氨基-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪可以作为上述反应原料。
四-和五-烷基哌啶化合物的技术上重要实例是:癸二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯,琥珀酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯,癸二酸二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)酯,正-丁基-3,5-二叔丁基4-羟基苄基-丙二酸-二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)酯,1-羟乙基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶与琥珀酸的缩合产物,N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-六亚甲基二胺与4-叔辛基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-S-三嗪的缩合产物,次氮基三乙酸三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶)酯,四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸酯,1,1′-(1,2-乙二基)-双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪(酮),4-苯甲酰基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,4-硬脂酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-2-正丁基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基)丙二酸酯,3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三嗪螺〔4.5〕癸烷-2,4-二酮,癸二酸二(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶)酯,琥珀酸二(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶)酯,N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六甲基二胺和4-吗啉代-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合产物,2-氯-4,6-二(4-正丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪与1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合产物,2-氯-4,6-二(4-正丁基氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪与1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合产物,8-乙酰基-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺〔4.5〕癸-2,4-二酮,3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮,3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮。
在本发明范围内,使用不同位阻胺的混合物代替单一位阻胺也是可行的。
所加入的位阻胺的量取决于所希望的稳定程度。一般说来,基于聚合物,加入0.01至0.5%(重量比),尤其是0.05至0.5%(重量比)位阻胺。水滑石和碱金属(碱土金属)铝硅酸盐(沸石)
这些化合物的化学组成对本领域技术人员而言是已知的,例如,见专利说明书DE 384 3 581,US 4000100,EP 062 813,WO 93/201 35中所述。
水滑石系列化合物可由通式VII表示
M2+ 1-xM3+ x(OH)2(Ab-)x/b·dH2O (VII)
其中
M2+=一种或多种选自Mg,Ca,Sr,Zn或Sn的金属,
M3+=Al,或B,
An代表n价阴离子,
b代表数值1至2,
0<x≤0.5,和
m代表数值0至20。
优选:
An=OH-,ClO4 -,HCO3 -,CH3COO-,C6H5COO-,CO3 2-,
(CHOHCOO)2 2-,(CH2COO)2 2-,CH3CHOHCOO-,HPO3 -或
HPO4 2-
水滑石的实例包括:
Al2O3.6MgO.CO2.12H2O(i),Mg4,5Al2(OH)13.CO3.3.5H2O(ii),
4MgO.Al2O3.CO2.9H2O(iii),4MgO.Al2O3.CO2.6H2O,ZnO.3MgO.Al2O3.CO2.8-9H2O和ZnO.3MgO.Al2O3.CO2.5-6H2O.特别优选i,ii和iii类。沸石(碱金属和碱土金属硅铝酸盐)
这些化合物一般用式(VIII)表示
Mx/n〔(AlO2)x(SiO2)y〕·wH2O (VIII)其中:n表示阳离子M的电荷数;
M为第I族或第II族的元素,如Li,Na,K,Mg,Ca,Sr或Ba;
y:x代表数值0.8至15,优选0.8至1.2;和
w代表数值0至300,优选0.5至30.
沸石例子包括下式硅铝酸钠:
Na12Al12Si12O48·27H2O 〔沸石A〕,Na6Al6Si6O24·2NaX·7.5H2O,X=OH,卤素,ClO4〔钠沸石〕;Na6Al6Si30O72·24H2O;Na8Al8Si40O96·24H2O;Na16Al16Si24O80·16H2O;Na16Al16Si32O96·16H2O;Na56Al56Si136O384·250H2O〔沸石Y〕,Na86Al86Si106O384·264H2O〔沸石X〕;
或者为其中Na原子被Li,K,Mg,Ca,Sr或Zn原子部分或全部置换而形成的沸石,如
(Na,K)10Al10Si22O64.20H2O;Ca4.5Na3[(AlO2)12(SiO2)12].30H2O;K9Na3[(AlO2)12(SiO2)12].27H2O
优选的沸石对应于下列各式:
Na12Al12Si12O48.27H2O[沸石A],
Na6Al6Si6O24.2NaX.7.5H2O,X=OH,Cl,ClO4,1/2CO3[钠沸石]
Na6Al6Si30O72.24H2O,
Na8Al8Si40O96.24H2O,
Na16Al16Si24O80.16H2O,
Na16Al16Si32O96.16H2O,
Na56Al56Si136O384·250H2O〔沸石Y〕,
Na86Al86Si106O384·264H2O〔沸石X〕
以及具有约1:1 Al/Si比值的X和Y型沸石。
或者为Li,K,Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba或Zn原子部分或完全置换Na原子而形成的沸石,如
(Na,K)10Al10Si22O64.20H2O
Ca4,5Na3[(AlO2)12(SiO2)12].30H2O
K9Na3[(AlO2)12(SiO2)12].27H2O
所列沸石也可以含有低水分或者可以是无水的。
其它适宜沸石包括:
Na2O·Al2O3·(2-5)SiO2·(3.5-10)H2O〔沸石P〕
Na2O·Al2O3·2SiO2·(3.5-10)H2O〔沸石MAP〕
或者为Li,K或H原子部分或完全置换Na原子而形成的沸石,如
(Li,Na,K,H)10Al10Si22O64.20H2O
K9Na3[(AlO2)12(SiO2)12].27H2O
K4Al4Si4O16·6H2O[沸石 K-F]
K4Al4Si4O16·6H2O〔沸石K-F〕
Na8Al8Si40O96·24H2O,沸石D,见Barrer等人在J.Chem.Soc.1952,1561-1571和US 2950952中所述;
下述沸石也是适宜的:
钾offretite,如EP-A-400961中所述;
沸石R,如GB 841 812中所述;
沸石LZ-217,如US 4503 023中所述;
无钙沸石LZ-218,如US 4 333 859中所述;
沸石T,沸石LZ-220,如US 450 3023中所述;
Na3K6Al9Si27O72·21H2O〔沸石L〕;
沸石LZ-211,如US 4503 023中所述;
沸石LZ-212,如US 4503 023中所述;
沸石O,沸石LZ-217,如US 4503 023中所述;
沸石LZ-219,如US 4503 023中所述;
沸石Rho,沸石LZ-214,如US 4503 023中所述;
沸石ZK-19,如Am.Mineral.54 1607(1969)中所述;
沸石W(K-M),如Barrer等人在J.Chem.Soc.1956,2882中所述;
Na30Al30Si66O192·98H2O〔沸石ZK-5,沸石Q〕。
特别优选使用式I的P类沸石,其中x为2至5且Y为3.5至10,特别是其中X为2且Y为3.5至10的式I沸石MAP,更特别是沸石Na-P,即M为Na。这种沸石一般以变体Na-P-1,Na-P-2和Na-P-3形式存在,它们的区别在于它们的立方形,四方形或正交结构(R.M.Barrer,B.M.Munday,J.Chem.Soc.A 1971,2909-2914)。刚刚提到的文献还描述了沸石P-1和P-2的制备。按照此文献,沸石P-3十分罕见,因此它们的实用价值很小。沸石P-1的结构与根据上述沸石结构图已知的水钙沸石的结构一致。在更近几年的文献中(EP-A-384 070)报道了P类立方形沸石(沸石B或PC)和正交形沸石(沸石P1)之间的区别。该文献还提到相对新的具有小于1.07∶1的Si∶Al之比的P类沸石。这些“最大铝P”沸石称作沸石MAP或MA-P。依据制备方法,沸石P可能含有少量其它沸石。WO 94/2662中描述了十分纯的沸石P。
在本发明范围内,也可以使用水不溶性微粒铝硅酸钠,它们在水不溶性无机或有机分散剂存在下被沉淀和结晶。这些化合物可以在沉淀和/或结晶之前或之间以任何希望的方式加到反应混合物中。
更特别优选钠沸石A和钠沸石P。
按100份含卤聚合物的重量计,水滑石和/或沸石的使用量可以为,例如,0.1至20份,优选0.1至10份,尤其是0.1至5份(重量比)。碱金属铝碳酸盐(道生利特)
这些化合物为下式化合物
{(M2O)m·(Al2O3)n·Zp·PH2O},
其中M代表H,Li,Na,K,Mg1/2,Ca1/2,或Zn1/2;Z代表CO2,SO2,(Cl2O7)1/2,B4O6,S2O2(硫代硫酸盐)或C2O2(草酸盐);当M代表Mg1/2或Ca1/2时,m为数值1至2,在其它所有情况下,m为数值1至3;n为数值1至4;O为数值2至4;以及P为数值0至30。
本发明可使用的式(I)铝盐化合物可以是天然存在的矿物或者为合成制备的化合物。金属可部分相互置换。所述铝盐化合物为结晶体,部分结晶体或无定形晶体,或者可以以干胶形式存在。铝盐化合物也可以以比较罕见的晶型存在。制备这类化合物的方法见EP 394 670中所述。天然存在的铝盐化合物的例子包括indigirite,tunisite,铝水方解石,对铝铝水方解石,Strontiodresserite和hydrostrontiodresserite。铝盐化合物的其它例子包括碳酸铝钾{(K2O)·(Al2O3)·(CO2)2·2H2O},硫代硫酸铝钠{(Na2O)·(Al2O3)·(S2O2)2·2H2O},亚硫酸铝钾{(K2O)·(Al2O3)·(SO2)2·2H2O},草酸铝钙{(CaO)·(Al2O3)·(C2O2)2·5H2O},四硼酸铝镁{(MgO)·(Al2O3)·(B4O6)2·5H2O},{(〔Mg0.2Na0.6〕2O)·(Al2O3)·(CO2)2·4.1H2O},{(〔Mg0.2Na0.6〕2O)·(Al2O3)·(CO2)2·4.3H2O}和{(〔Mg0.3Na0.4〕2O)·(Al2O3)·(CO2)2.2·4.9H2O}。
混合铝盐化合物可按照本领域已知的方法通过阴离子交换碱金属铝盐而制得,或者通过混合沉淀法制得(参见,例如,US 5 055 284)。
优选其中M代表Na或K;Z代表CO2,SO2或(Cl2O7)1/2;m为1-3;n为1-4;O为2-4且P为0-20的上式铝盐化合物,Z尤为CO2。
此外还优选下述各式所示的化合物:
M2O.Al2O3.(CO2)2.pH2O (Ia)
(M2O)2.(Al2O3)2.(CO2)2.pH2O (Ib)
M2O.(Al2O3)2.(CO2)2.pH2O (Ic)
其中M代表金属,如Na,K,Mg1/2,Ca1/2,Sr1/2或Zn1/2且P代表数值0至12。
特别优选碳酸氢钠铝(Sodium aluminodihydroxy Carbonate)(DASC)和同系钾化合物(DAPC)。
道生利特也可以用碳酸氢锂铝或碳酸氢锂镁铝代替,如EP 549 340和DE 4,425,266中所述。
按100份含卤聚合物重量计,道生利特的使用量可以为,例如,0.01至5份,优选0.1至3份,尤其是0.1至2份(重量比)。
本发明稳定剂组合物优先包括组分a)和至少一种选自下述各组物质的组分B):高氯酸盐化合物,缩水甘油化合物,或二氢吡啶类和聚二氢吡啶类化合物。
本发明稳定剂组合物可以与另外的含氯聚合物的生产和稳定过程中常规使用的添加剂一同使用,这些添加剂如:锌化合物
具有Zn-O键的有机锌化合物为锌的烯醇盐和/或羧酸盐。后一种化合物是选自,例如,下述系列的化合物:脂族饱和C2-C22羧酸盐,脂族不饱和C3-C22羧酸盐,被至少一个OH取代的或者其链被至少一个氧原子间断的(氧杂酸)脂族C2-C22羧酸盐,具有5-22个碳原子的环状和二环羧酸盐,未取代的或被至少一个OH和/或C1-C16烷基取代的苯(基)羧酸盐,苯基-C1-C16烷基羧酸盐,或者未取代的或被C1-C12烷基取代的苯酚盐,或者松香酸盐。
作为例子,可特别提到单价羧酸的锌盐,这些羧酸如乙酸,丙酸,丁酸,戊酸,己酸,庚酸,辛酸,新癸酸,2-乙基己酸,壬酸,癸酸,十一烷酸,十二烷酸,十三烷酸,肉豆蔻酸,棕榈酸,月桂酸,异硬脂酸,硬脂酸,12-羟基硬脂酸,9,10-二羟基硬脂酸,油酸,3,6-二氧杂-庚酸,3,6,9-三氧杂癸酸,二十二烷酸,苯甲酸,对-叔丁基苯甲酸,二甲基羟基苯甲酸,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸,甲苯甲酸,二甲基苯甲酸,乙基苯甲酸,正丙基苯甲酸,水杨酸,对-叔辛基水杨酸,以及山梨酸;二价羧酸或其单酯的锌盐,这些酸如草酸,丙二酸,琥珀酸,戊二酸,己二酸,富马酸,戊烷-1,5-二羧酸,己烷-1,6-二羧酸,庚烷-1,7-二羧酸,辛烷-1,8-二羧酸,3,6,9-三氧杂癸烷-1,10-二羧酸,乳酸,丙二酸,马来酸,酒石酸,肉桂酸,扁桃酸,苹果酸,乙醇酸,草酸,水杨酸,聚乙二醇-二羧酸(n=10-12),(邻)苯二甲酸,间苯二酸,对苯二酸和羟基对苯二酸;以及三-或四-价羧酸的二-或三-酯,这些酸如苯连三酸,偏苯三酸,1,2,4,5-苯四酸,柠檬酸,此外还有所谓的高碱性羧酸锌盐。
锌的烯醇盐优选为乙酰丙酮,苯甲酰丙酮或二苯甲酰甲烷的烯醇盐和乙酰乙酸酯及乙酸苯酰的烯醇盐以及α,γ-二乙酰乙酰乙酸的烯醇盐。此外,也可使用无机锌化合物,如氧化锌,氢氧化锌,硫化锌或碳酸锌。
优选具有7至25碳原子羧酸的羧酸锌盐(锌皂),如苯甲酸盐或链烷酸盐,较优选C8链烷酸盐,硬脂酸盐,油酸盐,月桂酸盐,棕榈酸盐,山嵛酸盐,有支链的烷烃羧酸盐,羟基硬脂酸盐,二羟基硬脂酸盐,对-叔丁基苯甲酸盐,或(异)辛酸盐。特别优选硬脂酸盐,油酸盐,有支链的烷烃羧酸,苯甲酸盐,对-叔丁基苯甲酸盐和2-乙基己酸盐。
除上述锌化合物之外,同样适宜的化合物还包括具有金属-O键的有机铝,铈或镧化合物。可使用的且优选的铝化合物包括羧酸盐和烯醇盐。
按100份含氯聚合物重量计,所述金属皂及其混合物的使用量可以为,例如0.001至10份,较有利地为0.01至5份,优选0.01至3份(重量比)。
所述稳定剂组合物可含有另外的稳定剂,助剂和加工剂,如碱金属及碱土金属化合物,润滑剂(glidants),增塑剂,颜料,填料,亚磷酸酯,硫代亚磷酸酯和硫代磷酸酯,巯基羧酸酯,环氧化脂肪酸酯,抗氧化剂,UV吸收剂和光稳定剂,荧光增白剂,冲击强度调节剂和加工助剂,胶凝剂,抗静电剂,生物杀伤剂,金属减活化剂,防火剂和推进剂,以及防雾剂(参见E.J.Wickson的“Handbook of PVCFormulating”,John Wiley&Sons,New York 1 993)。
此处非限制性地列举了一些已知的添加剂和加工助剂:碱金属和碱土金属化合物
应当理解,它们主要包括上述酸的羧酸盐,但还包括其相应的氧化物或氢氧化物或碳酸(氢)盐。它们与有机酸的混合物也是适宜的。例子包括NaOH,硬脂酸钠,NaHCO3,KOH,硬脂酸钾,KHCO3,LiOH,Li2CO3,硬脂酸钠,CaO,Ca(OH)2,MgO,Mg(OH)2,硬脂酸镁,CaCO3,MgCO3以及白云石,碳钙镁石,白垩,碱式碳酸镁和其它脂肪酸的Na-及K-盐。
NaOH,KOH,CaO,Ca(OH)2,MgO,Mg(OH)2,CaCO3和MgCO3以及还有脂肪酸的钠及钾盐。
在碱土金属和锌的羧酸盐情况下,也可以使用它们与所谓的高碱性化合物MO或M(OH)2(M=Ca,Mg,Sr或Zn)的加合物。
优选除本发明的稳定剂组合物之外的碱金属,碱土金属和/或铝的羧酸盐。其它金属稳定剂
可特别提及的有有机锡稳定剂,优选羧酸盐,硫醇盐和硫化物。适宜化合物实例见US 4,743,640中所述。润滑剂
适宜的润滑剂包括,例如:
褐煤蜡,脂肪酸酯,PE蜡,氯化石蜡,甘油酯或碱土金属皂。适宜的润滑剂还可见“Kunststoffadditive”(Plasticsadditives),R.Gachter/H.Muller,Carl Hanser Verlag,3rd Ed.,1989,P.478-488中所述。还可提及的有脂肪酮基润滑剂(如DE 4204887中所述)和硅氧烷基润滑剂(如EP 225 261中所述)或它们的混合物,如EP 259 783中所列。增塑剂
适宜的有机增塑剂为下述各组化合物:
A)邻苯二甲酸酯类:
这类增塑剂的例子包括邻苯二甲酸的二甲酯,二乙酯,二丁酯,二己酯,二-2-乙基己酯,二正辛酯,二异辛酯,二异壬酯,二异十三烷酯,二环己酯,二甲基环己酯,双(2-甲基乙酯),二丁氧乙酯,苄·丁酯及二苯酯以及邻苯二甲酸酯的混合物,如由主要是直链醇形成的邻苯二甲酸的C7-C9-和C9-C11-烷基酯,邻苯二甲酸C6-C10-正烷基酯和邻苯二甲酸C8-C10-正烷基酯。这些化合物中,优选邻苯二甲酸的二丁酯,二己酯,二-2-乙基己酯,二正辛酯,二异辛酯,二异壬酯,二异癸酯,二异十三烷酯和苄基丁基酯以及所述的邻苯二甲酸烷基酯的混合物。特别优选邻苯二甲酸的二-2-乙基己酯,二异壬酯和二异癸酯,它们也以常见缩写词DOP(邻苯二甲酸辛酯,邻苯二甲酸二2-乙基己酯),DINP(邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯),DIDP(邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯)而著称。
B)脂族二羧酸的酯,特别是己二酸,壬二酸和癸二酸的酯。
这类增塑剂的实例有己二酸二-2-乙基己酯,己二酸二异辛酯(混合物),己二酸二异壬酯(混合物),己二酸二异癸酯(混合物),己二酸苄·丁酯,己二酸苄·辛酯,壬二酸二-2-乙基己酯,癸二酸二-2-乙基己酯以及癸二酸二异癸酯(混合物)。优选己二酸二-2-乙基己酯和己二酸二异辛酯。
C)1,2,4-苯三酸酯
例如1,2,4-苯三酸三-2-乙基己酯,1,2,4-苯三酸三异癸酯(混合物),1,2,4-苯三酸三异十三烷酯,1,2,4-苯三酸三异辛酯(混合物)以及1,2,4-苯三酸的三-C6-C8烷基酯,三-C6-C10-烷基酯,三-C7-C9烷基酯和三-C9-C11烷基酯。最后提及的1,2,4-苯三酸酯通过用合适的链烷醇混合物酯化1,2,4-苯三酸而形成。优选的1,2,4-苯三酸酯为1,2,4-苯三酸三-2-乙基己酯和所述的由链烷醇混合物制得的1,2,4-苯三酸酯。常见缩写为TOTM(1,2,4-苯三酸三辛酯,1,2,4-苯三酸三-2-乙基己酯),TIDTM(1,2,4-苯三酸三异癸酯)和TITDTM(1,2,4-苯三酸三异十三烷酯)。
D)环氧化合物增塑剂
这些主要是环氧化不饱和脂肪酸,如环氧化豆油。
E)聚合物增塑剂
这些增塑剂的阐述及其例子见“Kunststoffadditive”(Plasticsadditives),R.Gachter/H.Muller,Carl Hanser Verlag,3rd Ed.,1989,Chapter 5.9.6,p412-415,以及“ PVC Technology”,W.V.Titow,4th Ed.,Elsevier Publ.,1984,P165-170中所述。最常用于制备聚酯塑料的原料包括:二羧酸,如己二酸,邻苯二甲酸,壬二酸和癸二酸;二醇,如1,2-丙二醇,1,3-丁二醇,1,4-丁二醇,1,6-己二醇,新戊基乙二醇和二甘醇。
F)磷酸酯
有关这些酯的阐述见上述“Taschenbuch der Kunstoffadditive”(Handbook of Plastics Additives),Chapter 5.9.5,p.p.408-412中所述。这类磷酸酯的实例包括磷酸三乙酯,磷酸三-2-乙基丁酯,磷酸三-2-乙基己酯,磷酸三氯乙酯,磷酸2-乙基-己·二苯酯,磷酸甲苯·联苯酯,磷酸三苯酯,磷酸三甲苯酯和磷酸三二甲苯酯。优选磷酸三-2-乙基己酯和TM Reofos 50和90(Ciba-Geigy)。
G)氯化烃类(石蜡)
H)烃类
I)单酯,如油酸丁酯,油酸苯氧乙酯,油酸四氢呋喃甲酯以及烷基磺酸酯。
J)乙二醇酯,如二甘醇苯甲酸酯。
有关G)至J)组增塑剂的说明及例子见下述手册中所述:
“Kunststoffadditive”(Plastics Additives),R.Gachter/H.Muller,Carl Hanser Verlag,3rd Ed.,1989,Chapter 5.9.14.2,p.p.422-425(G组),和Chapter 5.9.14.1,p.422(H组)。
“PVC Technology”,W.V.Titow,4thEd.,Elsevier Publishers,1984,Chapter 6.10.2,Pages 171-173(G组),Chapter 6.10.5,p174(H组),Chapter 6.10.3,p173(I组)和Chapter 6.10.4 P173-174(J组)。
也可以使用这些不同增塑料的混合物。
按100份PVC重量计,增塑剂的使用量可以为,例如,5至120份,优选10至100份,尤其是20至70份(重量比)。颜料
适宜的颜料是本领域技术人员所公知的。无机颜料例子有TiO2,碳黑,Fe2O3,Sb2O3,(Ti,Ba,Sb)O2,Cr2O3,尖晶石类,如钴蓝和钴绿,Cd(S,Se),群青蓝。有机颜料包括,例如,偶氮颜料,酞菁颜料,喹吖啶酮系颜料,苝系染料,二酮-吡咯并吡咯颜料以及蒽醌颜料。优选微粉形式的TiO2。
有关其解说和进一步的说明参见“ Handbook of PVCFormulating”,E.J.Wickson,John Wiley&Sons,New York 1993。填料
填料(HANDBOOK OF PVC FORMULATING,E.J.WicksonJohn Wiley&Sons,Inc.,1993 pp.393-449)和增强剂(TASCHENBUCHder KAe(HANDBOOK of Plastics Additives),R.Gachter &H.Muller,Carl Hanser,1990,pp.549-615)(如碳酸钙,白云石,硅灰石,氧化镁,氢氧化镁,硅酸盐,玻璃纤维,滑石,高岭土,白垩,云母,金属氧化物和氢氧化物,碳黑或石墨)。亚磷酸酯
例子包括亚磷酸三苯酯,亚磷酸二苯·烷基酯,亚磷酸苯·二烷酯,亚磷酸三(壬苯)酯,亚磷酸三月桂酯,亚磷酸三(十八烷)酯,二硬脂基-季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,亚磷酸三(2,4-二-叔丁基苯基)酯,二异癸基-季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,二(2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)-季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,二-异癸氧基-季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,二(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)-季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,二(2,4,6-三-叔丁基苯基)-季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,三硬脂基-山梨醇三亚磷酸酯,亚磷酸二(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯)·甲酯,亚磷酸二(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯)·乙酯。
特别适宜的亚磷酸酯为亚磷酸的三辛酯,三癸酯,三-十二烷酯,三-十四烷酯,三硬脂酯,三油酯,三苯酯,三鲸蜡酯,三-对壬基苯酯或三环己酯,并且特别优选芳基-二烷基和烷基-二芳基磷酸酯,如亚磷酸苯·二癸酯,亚磷酸(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)-二-十二烷基酯,亚磷酸(2,6-二叔丁基苯基)-二-十二烷基酯,以及优选二烷基-和二芳基-季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,如二硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,和非定比亚磷酸三芳酯,例如具有(H19C9-C6H4)O1.5P(OC12、13H25、27)1.5组成的那些酯。
优选的有机亚磷酸酯为二硬脂基-季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,亚磷酸三壬苯酯和亚磷酸苯·二癸酯。
按100份PVC重量计,有机亚磷酸酯的用量可以为,例如,0.01至10份,优选0.05至5份,尤为0.1至3份(重量比)。硫代亚磷酸酯和硫代磷酸酯
应理解,硫代亚磷酸酯和硫代磷酸酯化合物一般是指下述种类化合物:
(RS)3P,(RS)3P=O或(RS)3P=S,这些化合物见专利说明书DE 2809 492,EP 090 770和EP 573 394中所述。
这些化合物的例子包括三硫代三亚磷酸三己酯,三硫代亚磷酸三辛酯,三磷代亚磷酸三月桂酯,三硫代亚磷酸三苄酯,三硫代磷酸三(异辛氧羰基)甲酯,三硫代磷酸三(三甲基环己氧羰基)甲酯,三硫代磷酸S,S,S-三(异辛氧羰基)甲酯,三硫代磷酸S,S,S-三(2-乙基己氧羰基)甲酯,三硫代磷酸S,S,S-三-1-(2-乙基己氧羰基)-乙酯,三硫代磷酸S,S,S-三-2-(2-乙基己氧羰基)-乙酯。巯基羧酸酯
这些化合物的实例包括:FR 2459816,EP 90748,FR 2552 440和EP 365 483专利中所述的下述各种酸的酯:亚硫基二乙酸,硫羟苹果酸,巯基丙酸,巯基苯甲酸或硫羟乙酸。所述巯基羧酸酯还包括多羟基化合物酯和它们的部分酯。环氧化脂肪酸酯
本发明稳定剂组合物另外可最好包含至少一种环氧化脂肪酸酯。特别适宜的是来自自然源的脂肪酸酯(脂肪酸甘油酯),如豆油或菜油。然而,也可以使用合成产物,如环氧化油酸丁酯。抗氧(化)剂
合适的抗氧剂包括,例如:
1.烷基化一元酚,例如,2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚,2-叔丁基-4,6-二甲基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-正丁基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚,2,6-二环戊基-4-甲基苯酚,2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基苯酚,2,6-二十八烷基-4-甲基苯酚,2,4,6-三环己基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧甲基苯酚,2,6-二壬基-4-甲基苯酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基-十一烷-1′-基)苯酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基-十七烷-1′-基)苯酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基-十三烷-1′-基)苯酚,辛酚,壬酚,十二烷基苯酚以及它们的混合物。
2.烷硫基甲基酚,例如2,4-二辛硫基甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚,2,4-二辛硫基甲基-6-甲基苯酚,2,4-二辛硫基甲基-6-乙基苯酚,2,6-二-十二烷硫基甲基-4-壬基苯酚。
3.烷基化氢醌,例如,2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚,2,5-二叔丁基氢醌,2,5-二叔戊基氢醌,2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基氢醌,2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醚,硬脂酸3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯酯,己二酸双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯酯)。
4.羟基化硫代二苯醚,例如,2,2′-硫代-双(6-叔丁基-4-甲酚),2,2′-硫代-双(4-辛基苯酚),4,4′-硫代-双(6-叔丁基-3-甲酚),4,4′-硫代-双(6-叔丁基-2-甲酚),4,4’-硫代-双(3,6-二仲戊基苯酚),4,4′-双(2,6-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)二硫代物。
5.次烷基双酚,例如,2,2′-亚甲基-双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基-双(6-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基-双〔4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)苯酚〕,2,2′-亚甲基-双〔4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基-双(6-壬基-4甲基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基-双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚乙基-双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚乙基-双(6-叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基-双〔6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚〕,2,2′-亚甲基-双〔6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚〕,4,4′-亚甲基-双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚),4,4′-亚甲基-双(6-叔丁基-2-甲酚),1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷,2,6-双(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚,1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷,1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-3-正十二烷硫基丁烷,乙二醇双〔3,3-双(3′-叔丁基-4′-羟基苯基)丁酸酯〕,双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)二环戊二烯,对苯二酸双〔2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基-苄基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酯〕,1,1-双(3,5-二甲基-2-羟基苯基)丁烷,2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷,2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷,2,2-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-4-正十二烷硫基丁烷,1,1,5,5-四(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷。
6.苄基化合物,例如,3,5,3′,5′-四-叔丁基-4,4′-二羟基二苄基醚,4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苄基巯基乙酸十八烷酯,三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)胺,二硫代对苯二甲酸双(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄酯),双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫醚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基巯基乙酸异辛酯。
7.羟基苄基化丙二酸酯,例如2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟基苄基)丙二酸二十八烷酯,2-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苄基)丙二酸二十八烷酯,2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸十二烷硫基乙酯,2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸二-〔4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酯〕。
8.羟基苄基芳族化合物,例如1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯,1,4-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯酚。
9.三嗪化合物,例如2,4-双-辛巯基-6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-辛巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-辛巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,2,3-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯,1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰脲酸酯,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)六氢化-1,3,5-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯。
10.膦酸酯和亚膦酸酯,例如,2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二甲酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二乙酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸双十八烷酯,5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苄基膦酸双十八烷酯,3,5-二叔丁基苄基膦酸单乙酯的钙盐,四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)-4,4′-亚联苯基二亚膦酸脂,6-异辛氧基-2,4,8,10-四-叔丁基-12H-二苯并〔d,g〕-1,3,2-二氧杂亚膦因,6-氟-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12-甲基-二苯并〔d,g〕-1,3,2-二氧杂亚膦因。
11.酰氨基酚,例如,N-4-羟基-月桂酰苯胺,N-4-羟基硬脂酰苯胺,N-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)-氨基甲酸辛酯。
12.b-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与一元或多元醇形成的酯,这些醇如甲醇,乙醇,辛醇,十八烷醇,1,6-己二醇,1,9-壬二醇,乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,新戊二醇,硫代二甘醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,季戊四醇,双季戊四醇,三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯,N,N′-双(羟乙基)草二酰胺,3-硫杂十一烷醇,3-硫杂十五烷醇,三甲基己二醇,三羟甲基丙烷,二-三羟甲基丙烷,4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环〔2,2,2〕-辛烷。
13.b-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与一元或多元醇形成的酯,所述醇如甲醇,乙醇,辛醇,十八烷醇,1,6-己二醇,1,9-壬二醇,乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,新戊二醇,硫代二甘醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,季戊四醇,双季戊四醇,三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯,N,N′-双(羟乙基)-草二酰胺,3-硫杂十一烷醇,3-硫杂十五烷醇,三甲基己二醇,三羟甲基丙烷,4-羟基甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环〔2,2,2〕辛烷。
14.b-(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苯基)-丙酸与一元或多元醇形成的酯,所述醇如甲醇,乙醇,辛醇,十八烷醇,1,6-己二醇,1,9-壬二醇,乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,新戊二醇,硫代二甘醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,季戊四醇,三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯,N,N′-双(羟乙基)草二酰胺,3-硫杂十一烷醇,3-硫杂十五烷酮,三甲基己二醇,三羟甲基丙烷,4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环〔2,2,2〕辛烷。
15.3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯乙酸与一元或多元醇形成的酯,醇如甲醇,乙醇,辛醇,十八烷醇,1,6-己二醇,1,9-壬二醇,乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,新戊二醇,硫代二甘醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,季戊四醇,三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯,N,N′-双(羟乙基)草二酰胺,3-硫杂十一烷醇,3-硫杂十五烷醇,三甲基己二醇,三羟甲基丙烷,4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环〔2,2,2〕辛烷。
16.b-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)-丙酸的酰胺,N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)六亚甲基二胺,N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰)三亚甲基二胺,N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰)肼。
优选1至5,10和12组的抗氧剂,尤其是2,2-双(4-羟基苯基)丙烷,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酸与辛醇,十八烷醇或季戊四醇形成的酯或亚磷酸三-(2,4-二叔丁基苯)酯。
如果适当,也可以使用具有不同结构的抗氧剂混合物。
按100份PVC重量计,抗氧剂的使用量可以为,例如,0.01至10份,优选0.1至10份,尤其是0.1至5份(重量比)。UV吸收剂和光稳定剂
它们的实例包括:
1.2-(2′-羟基苯基)-苯并三唑类,如2-(2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)-苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-二-叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)-苯并三唑,2-(5′-叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(2′-羟基-5′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基)-苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3′-仲丁基-5′-叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)-苯并三唑,2-(2′-羟基-4′-辛氧基苯基)-苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-二-叔戊基-2′-羟基苯基)-苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-双(α,α-二甲基苄基)-2′-羟基苯基)-苯并三唑,下述化合物的混合物:2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛氧羰基乙基)-苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-5′-〔2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰基乙基〕-2′-羟基苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-甲氧羰基乙基)苯基(-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-)3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-甲氧羰基乙基)苯基)-苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛氧羰基乙基)苯基)-苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-5′-〔2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰基乙基〕-2′-羟基苯基)-苯并三唑,2-(3′-十二烷基-2′-羟基-5’-甲基苯基)-苯并三唑,以及2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-异辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-苯并三唑;2,2′-亚甲基-双〔4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-6-苯并三唑-2-基苯酚〕;2-〔3′-叔丁基-5′-(2-甲氧羰基乙基)-2′-羟基-苯基〕-苯并三唑与聚乙二醇300的酯基转移产物;其中R=3′-叔丁基-4′-羟基-5′-2H-苯并三唑-2-基苯基。
2.2-羟基二苯酮类,如其4-羟基-,4-甲氧基-,4-辛氧基-,4-癸氧基-,4-十二烷氧基-,4-苄氧基-,4,2′,4′-三羟基-或2′-羟基-4,4′-二甲氧基衍生物。
3.未取代的或取代苯甲酸的酯,如水杨酸4-叔丁基苯酯,水杨酸苯酯,水杨酸辛苯酯,二苯甲酰间苯二酚,双(4-叔丁基苯甲酰基)间苯二酚,苯甲酰间苯二酚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2,4-二叔丁基苯酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十六烷酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十八烷酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2-甲基-4,6-二叔丁基苯酯。
4.丙烯酸酯类,如α-氰基-b.b-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯或异辛酯,α-甲氧羰基-肉桂酸甲酯,α-氰基-b-甲基-P-甲氧基-肉桂酸甲酯或丁酯,α-甲氧羰基-P-甲氧基-肉桂酸甲酯,N-(b-甲氧羰基-b-氰基乙烯基)-2-甲基-二氢吲哚。
5.镍化合物,如2,2′-硫代-双〔4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚〕的镍配合物,如1∶1或1∶2配合物,如果合适,还具有其它配位体,如正-丁胺,三乙醇胺或N-环己基二乙醇胺,二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸合镍,4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基膦酸单烷基酯的镍盐,如甲基或乙基酯,酮肟的镍配合物,酮肟如2-羟基-4-甲基苯基-十一烷基酮肟,1-苯基-4-月桂酰-5-羟基-吡唑的镍配合物,如果适当可具有另外的配位体。
6.位阻胺,如癸二酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶)酯,琥珀酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶)酯,癸二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶)酯,正丁基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基丙二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶)酯,1-羟基乙基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶与琥珀酸的缩合产物,N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺与4-叔辛基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-S-三嗪的缩合产物,次氮基三乙酸三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶)酯,四(2,2,6,6,-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸酯,1,1′-(1,2-乙烷二基)-双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪),4-苯甲酰基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,4-硬脂氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶)-2-正丁基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二-叔丁基苄基)丙二酸酯,3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺〔4.5〕癸烷-2,4-二酮,癸二酸双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶)酯,丁二酸双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶)酯,N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,6-己二胺与4-吗啉代-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合产物,2-氯-4,6-二(4-正丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪与1,2-双(3-氨基丙氨基)乙烷的缩合产物,2-氯-4,6-二(4-正丁氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪与1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合产物,8-乙酰基-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺〔4.5〕癸烷-2,4-二酮,3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮,3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮,以及Chimassorb 966。
7.草二酰胺,如4,4′-二辛氧基-N,N′-草酰二苯胺,2,2′-二辛氧基-5,5′-二叔丁基-N,N′-草酰二苯胺,2,2′-双十二烷氧基-5,5′-二叔丁基-N,N′-草酰二苯胺,2-乙氧基-2′-乙基-N,N′-草酰二苯胺,N,N′-双(3-二甲氨基丙基)-N,N′-草酰二苯胺,2-乙氧基-5-叔丁基-2′-乙基-N,N′-草酰二苯胺以及它们与2-乙氧基-2′-乙基-5,4′-二叔丁基-N,N′-草酰二苯胺,邻-和对-甲氧基-,和O-和对-乙氧基-二取代的N,N′-草酰二苯胺混合物。
8.2-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,如2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4-双(2-羟基-4-丙氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(4-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-十二烷氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-〔2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-丁氧基-丙氧基)苯基〕-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-〔2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-辛氧基丙氧基)苯基〕-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪。推进剂
推进剂为有机偶氮和联亚氨基化合物,四唑类化合物,噁嗪类化合物,靛红酸酐,以及碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠。
优选偶氮二酰胺和碳酸氢钠以及它们的混合物。
有关冲击强度调节剂和加工助剂,胶凝剂,防静电剂,生物杀伤剂,金属减活化剂,荧光增白剂,防火剂以及防雾剂的说明和例子见“Kunststoffadditive”(Plastics Additives),R.Gachter/H.Muller,CarlHanser Verlag 3rd Ed.,1989,和″Handbook of Polyvinyl ChlorideFormulating″,E.J.Wilson,J.Wiley&Sons,1993中所述。“ImpactModifiers for PVC”,J.T.Lutz/D.L.Dunkelberger,John Wileyl&Sons,1992中也广泛地描述了冲击强度调节剂。
本发明的稳定剂组合物不仅可通过在适于此目的的装置中混合各组成而制得,而且也可以通过在加入组分A)之前在润滑剂和/或金属皂的熔融物中现场制备一些另外组分而制备。此方法特别适于现场制备乙酰丙酮化钙(参见EP 336 289)。
欲稳定的含氯聚合物或其回用物(recyclates)的例子包括:氯乙烯聚合物,其结构中含有氯乙烯单元的聚氯乙烯树脂,如氯乙烯和脂族羧酸的乙烯酯,尤其是乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物,氯乙烯与丙烯酸和甲代丙烯酸的酯以及与丙烯腈的共聚物,氯乙烯与二烯化合物和不饱和二羧酸或其酸酐的共聚物,如氯乙烯与马来酸二乙酯,富马酸二乙酯或马来酸酐的共聚物,后氯化聚合物和氯乙烯共聚物,氯乙烯和偏二氯乙烯与不饱和醛,酮和其它物质,如丙烯醛,巴豆醛,乙烯基甲基酮,乙烯基甲基醚,乙烯基异丁基醚等的共聚物;偏二氯乙烯聚合物和其与氯乙烯和其它可聚合化合物的共聚物;氯乙酸乙烯酯和二氯二乙烯基醚的聚合物;乙酸乙烯酯的氯化聚合物,丙烯酸和α-取代的丙烯酸的氯化聚酯;氯化苯乙烯,如二氯苯乙烯的聚合物;氯化胶;乙烯的氯化聚化物,氯丁二烯的聚合物和后氯化聚合物及其与氯乙烯的共聚物,树胶氢氯化物和氯化树胶氢氯化物;以及上述聚合物彼此之间的混合物或与其它可聚合化合物的混合物。
此外还包括PVC与EVA,ABS和MBS的接枝聚合物。优选的基料还包括上述均-和共-聚物,尤其是氯乙烯均聚物;与其它热塑性和/或弹性体形聚合物的混合物,特别是与ABS,MBS,NBR,SAN,EVA,CPE,MBAS,PMA,PMMA,EPDM和聚内酯的共混物。
同样还优选悬浮和本体聚合物,以及乳液聚合物。
特别优选聚氯乙烯作为含氯聚合物,尤其是作为悬浮聚合物和本体聚合物形式的含氯聚合物。
在本发明范围内,应当理解,PVC还包括PVC与可聚化合物如丙烯腈,乙酸乙烯酯或ABS的共聚物或接技聚合物,它们可以是悬浮,本体或乳液聚合物。优选与聚丙烯酯结合的PVC均聚物。
在本发明范围内,本发明的稳定组合物还特别适于稳定含氯聚合物的回用料,所述含氯聚合物是指上面详尽说明的那些聚合物,这些回用料由于加工,使用或储藏而被损坏。特别优选PVC回用料。所述回用料还可含有少量外来物质,如纸,颜料和胶粘剂,它们通常很难除去。这些外来物质也可能是在使用或加工过程中与各种物质接触而产生,它们如推进剂残留物,痕量漆,痕量金属,和引发剂基团。
本发明还涉及稳定含氯聚合物的方法,包括在适合此目的的装置中向所述聚合物内加入权利要求1的稳定剂组合物并均匀混合各组分。
较优选的是,所述稳定剂可以使用下述方法加入:
·以乳液或分散液形式加入(例如,一种可能性是作为糊状混合物)。在这种加入形式下,本发明组合物的优点是糊状物的稳定性);
·在混合各添加组份或聚合物混合物过程中以干燥混合物形式加入;
·直接加到加工装置中(例如压延机,混合机,捏合机,挤塑机等等),或
·以溶液或熔化物形式加入。
本发明所涉及的稳定PVC可按照本领域已知的方式制备,利用本领域已知的装置,如上述加工装置,将本发明的稳定剂组合物和(如果适当)任何另外的添加剂与PVC混合。在该过程中,各稳定剂可以单独或以混合物形式加入或者以母料形式加入。
因此,本发明还涉及制备稳定PVC的方法,该方法包括利用装置,如压延机,混合机,捏合机,挤塑机等,使上述组分(b),(c)和(d)以及(如果适当的话)任何另外的添加剂与PVC混合。
本发明的稳定PVC可利用已知方法塑成各种希望形式。这些方法包括,例如,磨削,压延,挤塑,注塑,烧结或抽丝,此外还有挤出吹胀或增塑糊法加工。稳定PVC也可被加工形成泡沫体。当使用偶氮二酰胺作为推进剂时,最好不另外使用1,3-二酮类化合物。
本发明的稳定PVC适用于半硬质和软质配方,尤其是作为电缆护套,防震垫薄膜(汽车)和电缆绝缘层的软质组成,这也是特别优选的。在半硬质配方成型中,本发明的PVC特别适用于装饰薄膜,泡沫塑料,农用薄膜,软管,密封型材和办公用薄膜。
在刚性配方成型中,本发明的稳定PVC特别适用于空心体(瓶),包装片材(热成型片材),吹塑薄膜,管材,泡沫塑料,重质型材(窗架),透明墙用型材,建筑型材,挡板,管件,办公用薄膜和设备架(供计算机,家庭使用)。
本发明PVC作为增塑糊使用的实例包括合成革,地板覆盖材料,织物涂料,壁纸,卷材涂料和汽车的底封。
本发明稳定PVC的烧结PVC应用实例包括抗蚀润滑脂,搪塑模具和卷材涂料。
优选PVC硬质泡沫塑料和PVC管道,如饮用水或废水用的那些管道,压力管,煤气管,电缆管道和电缆保护管道,工业管线用管,排水管,废料管,流水管。更详细的情报请参见“Kunststoffhandbuch PVC”(PVC Plastics Handbook),Volume 2/2,W.Beeher/H.Braun,2ndEd.,1985,Carl Hanser Verlag,Pages 1236-1277。
下述实施例用于说明本发明,但它们并不限制本发明。除非另有指明,说明书剩余部分中的份和百分比均指重量比。实施例1:静态热试验
将下述各表中的混合物在辊炼机内各自于190℃和170℃下塑炼5分钟。从所形成的薄膜(0.3mm厚)上切下数条试条并在Mathis ThermoTakter中于190℃下加热,加热时间为下述各表中所标明的时间。然后按照ASTM-1925-70,测定黄度指数(YI)。
已发现,YI值越低,稳定剂体系越能有效地防止发黄并由此防止对材料的损害。根据整个聚合物中色变的突然出现,也可以测定稳定聚合物的长期热稳定性。
进行加热时色变被延迟的时间越长,或者初始色变强度越低和色维持(低平均色度)越好,则稳定剂越有效。
表I:190℃下的静态热试验(在190℃辊压5min)
混合物 I1 I2 I3
Solvic 268 RC
(S-PVC K value 68) 100 100 100
Omyalite 30 T1) 3.0 / /
硬脂酸钙 0.6 0.6 0.6
Hostalub H42) 1.0 1.0 1.0
Hostalub H122a) 0.2 0.2 0.2
CH3003) 0.4 0.4 0.4
Mark 6045 ACM4) 0.3 0.3 0.3
稳定剂5) 0.2 0.2 0.2
NaClO4 / / 0.05
yI yI yI
分钟
10 20.7 29.9 22.2
15 28.4 66.6 29.1
20 40.2 108.4 39.2
1)白垩2)Hoechst生产的润滑剂(石蜡)3)Hoechst生产的润滑剂(极性乙烯蜡)3)亚磷酸苯·异癸酯4)9%NaClO4,45%CaCO3,40%CaSiO3,6%H2O的混合物5)6-氨基-1,3-二甲基-尿嘧啶。
人们发现,在本发明的混合物I1和I3中,与不使用组分B的混合物相比,使用少量高氯酸盐作为组分比能引起很好的稳定作用。
表II: 190 ℃下的静态热试验(在170℃辊压5min)
混合物 II1 II2 II3 II4 II5 II6 II7 II8 II9
Evipol SH 6030
(PVCK值60) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CH 3003) 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
蜡E6) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
环氧化豆油 5.0 5.0 5.0 / / / / / /
Araldite Gy 2507) / / / 5.0 5.0 5.0 / / /
Araldite PT 8108) / / / / / / 5.0 5.0 5.0
稳定剂15) 1.0 / / 1.0 / / 1.0 / /
稳定剂29) / 1.0 / / 1.0 / / 1.0 /
稳定剂310) / / 1.0 / / 1.0 / / 1.0
yI yI yI yI yI yI yI yI yI
分钟
20 17.4 17.3 15.6 13.4 11.8 12.5 14.8 16.2 17.1
25 23.2 33.7 29.5 17.8 18.5 17.7 21.2 24.4 24.0
30 33.6 54.9 46.3 23.5 29.9 27.8 27.2 33.6 30.8
3)亚磷酸苯·异癸酯6)酯蜡(基于褐煤酸)7)双酚A的缩水甘油醚(液态环氧化物)8)固态杂环环氧树脂(三缩水甘油基异氰脲酸酯)9)6-氨基-1,3-正丁基-尿嘧啶10)6-氨基-1,3-二乙基-硫尿嘧啶。
发现本发明的缩水甘油基和氨基尿嘧啶的稳定剂组合物(II4-II9)是优选的。
表3:190℃下的静态热试验(在170℃辊压5min)混合物 III1 III2 III3 III4 III5 III6 III7 III8 III9Evipol SH 6030(PVC K值60) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100CH 300 3) 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8蜡E6) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4环氧化豆油 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0Rhodiastab 5011) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2硬脂酸钙 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3硬脂酸锌 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5DASC12) / / / 1.0 1.0 1.0 / / /Alkamizer I13) / / / / / / 1.0 1.0 1.0稳定剂15) 1.0 / / 1.0 / / 1.0 / /稳定剂29) / 1.0 / / 1.0 / / 1.0 /稳定剂310) / / 1.0 / / 1.0 / / 1.0
yI yI yI yI yI yI yI yI yI分钟20 15.2 22.7 37.4 12.9 10.6 16.1 10.0 10.2 12.425 31.4 66.9 20.6 22.5 26.5 16.3 17.0 18.830 57.2 34.0 49.1 41.8 24.1 29.7 26.5
11)RHONE-POULENC生产的硬脂酰-苯甲酰-甲烷
12)碳酸氢钠铝(Dihydroxyaluminium sodium Carbonatc)(DASC)13)KYOWA(Japan)生产的水滑石
道生利特的加入和水滑石的加入均能增加稳定性。
表IV:190℃下的静态热试验(在170℃辊压5min)
混合物 IV1 IV2 IV3 IV4 IV5 IV6 IV7 IV8 IV9 IV10 IV11 IV12
Evipol SH 6030
(PVC K值60) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CH 3003) 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
蜡E6) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
环氧化豆油 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Rhodiastab 5011)0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Chimassorb94414) / / / 0.15 0.15 0.15 / / / / / /
Malbit CR(maltite)/ / / / / / 0.5 0.5 0.5 / / /
双季戊四醇tol / / / / / / / / / 0.5 0.5 0.5
稳定剂15) 1.0 / / 1.0 / / 1.0 / / 1.0 / /
稳定剂29) / 1.0 / / 1.0 / / 1.0 / / 1.0 /
稳定剂319) / / 1.0 / / 1.0 / / 1.0 / / 1.0
yI yI yI yI yI yI yI yI yI yI yI yI
分钟
10 6.0 6.6 10.3 6.6 5.8 9.0 5.8 6.2 8.1 5.4 5.8 10.0
15 10.1 12.7 18.7 7.8 7.7 11.1 7.3 7.2 10.4 6.7 9.9 11.2
20 24.2 29.5 47.9 13.8 10.6 15.4 8.9 9.4 11.1 11.7 20.1 15.7
25 59.9 >70 >60 29.1 32.1 24.8 11.1 19.5 16.1 21.9 48.0 25.2
14)CIBA-GEIGY AG(HALS)生产的位阻胺
人们发现,本发明的稳定剂组合物(IV4-IV12)具有改进的稳定活性。
表V:190℃下的静态热试验(在170℃辊压5min)
混合物 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9
Evipol SH 6030
(PVC K值60) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CH 3003) 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
蜡E6) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
环氧化豆油 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Rhodiastab 5011)0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
硬脂酸钙 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
硬脂酸锌 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Wessalite P15) / / / 1.0 1.0 1.0 / / /
沸石P16) / / / / / / 1.0 1.0 1.0
稳定剂15) 1.0 / / 1.0 / / 1.0 / /
稳定剂29) / 1.0 / / 1.0 / / 1.0 /
稳定剂310) / / 1.0 / / 1.0 / / 1.0
yI yI yI yI yI yI yI yI yI
分钟
20 10.3 12.3 15.4 8.8 10.6 14.2 9.3 9.4 15.7
25 19.6 34.7 28.6 12.4 16.8 19.5 13.3 15.3 22.6
30 41.1 29.5 58.8 21.0 32.5 30.5 25.0 29.2 34.8
15)DEGUSSA生产的Na沸石A16)DEGUSSA生产的Na沸石P
可以发现,包含水滑石和沸石的稳定剂组合物能给出更好的结果。
表VI:190℃下的静态热试验(在170℃辊压5min)混合物 VI1 VI2 VI3 VI4Evipol EH 6030(PVC K值60) 100 100 100 100蜡E6) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4CH 3003) 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8环氧化豆油 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0硬脂酸钙 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55硬脂酸锌 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25Rhodiastab 5011)/ / 0.3 0.3D-26-15517) / / / 0.3稳定剂15) / 1.0 / /稳定剂29) 1.0 / 1.0 1.0
yI yI yI yI分钟20 18.5 9.7 11.4 15.625 36.5 18.8 21.9 28.330 103 33.3 46.0 59.2下式β-酮酯;
Y=(CH2)2O-CO-CHH2-CO-CH3可以看出,包含β-二酮或β-酮脂的组合物能给出良好结果表VII: 190℃下的静态热试验(在170℃辊压5min)混合物 VII1 VII2 VII3 VII4 VII5 VII6 VII7 VII8Evipol SH 6030(PVC Kv值60) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100CH 3003) 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8蜡E6) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4环氧化豆油 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0硬脂酸钙 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55硬脂酸锌 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25Synesal M18) / / / 0.2 0.2 / / /Stavinor D 50719) / / / / / 0.2 0.2 0.2稳定剂15) 1.0 / / 1.0 / 1.0 / /稳定剂29) / 1.0 / / 1.0 / 1.0 /稳定剂310) / / 1.0 / / / / /分钟 yI yI yI yI yI yI yI yI0 5.4 4.8 6.3 2.9 3.9 2.3 2.9 4.45 6.4 4.7 6.7 3.5 4.1 2.3 3.7 4.910 6.7 5.5 7.0 4.4 5.3 3.5 4.5 6.715 7.3 7.6 8.3 5.4 7.5 5.4 6.3 8.220 10.8 12.3 12.5 8.9 13.9 9.3 1.3 11.925 19.9 28.5 22.9 18.0 27.2 17.5 23.8 21.330 33.7 65.8 45.1 31.8 64.2 32.3 62.6 38.4
18)LAGOR生产的硫代二亚乙基-双(5-甲氧基羰基-2,6-二甲基-1,4-二氢吡啶)-3-羧酸酯19)ATOCHEM生产的3-双十二烷氧羰基-2,6-二甲基-1,4-二氢吡啶。
上述试验表明,包含二氢吡啶类的稳定剂组合物(VII4-VII8)具有改善的初色和色维持性(平均色)。
Claims (24)
1.一种稳定剂组合物,包括:A)至少一种式I化合物:其中R1 *和R2 *彼此相互独立代表C1-C12烷基;C3-C6链烯基;未取代的或被1至3个C1-C4烷基,C1-C4烷氧基,C5-C8-环烷基或被羟基或氯原子取代的C5-C8环烷基,或未取代的或苯环部分被1至3个C1-C4烷基,C1-C4烷氧基,C5-C8环烷基或被羟基或氯原子取代的C7-C9苯基烷基,
和R1 *和R2 *可另外代表氢和C1-C12烷基,以及
Y为S或O,和B)至少一种选自下述各组的化合物:
B1)高氯酸盐化合物,
B2)缩水甘油化合物,
B3)β-二酮和β-酮酯类,
B4)二氢吡啶类化合物和聚二氢吡啶类,
B5)多羟基化合物和二糖醇类,
B6)位阻胺(四烷基哌啶类化合物),
B7)碱金属硅铝酸盐(沸石),
B8)水滑石,
B9)碱金属铝碳酸盐(道生利特),
B10)碱金属一和碱土金属的氢氧化物,碳酸(氢)盐或羧酸盐,
B11)抗氧剂和润滑剂,
B12)有机锡化合物。
2.根据权利要求1的稳定剂组合物,其中R1 *和R2 *彼此独立代表H和C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷基。
3.根据权利要求1的稳定剂组合物,其中组分A)的化合物为6-氨基-1,3-二甲基尿嘧啶,6-氨基-1,3-二-正丙基尿嘧啶,6-氨基-1,3-二-正丁基-尿嘧啶,6-氨基-1,3-二乙基-硫尿嘧啶或6-氨基-1,3-二-正-丁基-硫尿嘧啶。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的稳定剂组合物,所述组合物另外包括至少一种环氧化脂肪酸酯。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的稳定剂组合物,所述组合物另外包括锌和/或碱金属和/或碱土金属的羧酸盐或羧酸铝盐。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的稳定剂组合物,所述组合物另外包括至少一种选自下述各组的其它物质:亚磷酸酯,抗氧剂,β-二羰基化合物,增塑剂,填料,润滑剂和颜料。
7.根据权利要求6的稳定剂组合物,其中所述填料为白垩。
8.根据权利要求6的稳定剂组合物,其中所述润滑剂为硬脂酸钙。
9.根据权利要求6的稳定剂组合物,其中使用二氧化钛作为颜料。
10.根据权利要求1的稳定剂组合物,所述组合物包括组分A和B1。
11.根据权利要求1的稳定剂组合物,所述组合物包括组分A和B2。
12.根据权利要求1的稳定剂组合物,所述组合物包括组分A和B3。
13.根据权利要求1的稳定剂组合物,所述组合物包括组分A和B4。
14.根据权利要求1的稳定剂组合物,所述组合物包括组分A和B5。
15.根据权利要求1的稳定剂组合物,所述组合物包括组分A和B7。
16.根据权利要求1的稳定剂组合物,所述组合物包括组分A和B8。
17.根据权利要求1的稳定剂组合物,所述组合物包括组分A和B10。
18.根据权利要求1的稳定剂组合物,所述组合物包括组分A和B11。
19.根据权利要求1的稳定剂组合物,所述组合物包括组分A和B12。
20.一种组合物,包括含氯聚合物和权利要求1至19任一项所述的稳定剂组合物。
21.根据权利要求20的组合物,其中使用PVC作为含氯聚合物。
22.稳定含氯聚合物的方法,该方法包括向含氯聚合物中掺入权利要求1至19任一项所述的稳定剂组合物。
23.制备权利要求12所述的稳定剂组合物的方法,其中所述β-二羰基化合物为乙酰丙酮化钙。
24.制备权利要求12所述稳定剂组合物的方法,其中所述β-二羰基化合物为乙酰丙酮化钙,此化合物是在A)组分加入之前,在润滑剂和/或金属皂的熔融物中现场制备。
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CH2912/1995 | 1995-10-13 | ||
CH2912/95 | 1995-10-13 | ||
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CH3151/1995 | 1995-11-07 | ||
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CNB031042929A Division CN1234762C (zh) | 1995-10-13 | 1996-10-11 | 用于含氯聚合物的稳定剂组合物 |
CNB031042899A Division CN1259362C (zh) | 1995-10-13 | 1996-10-11 | 用于含氯聚合物的稳定剂组合物 |
CNB031042880A Division CN1272369C (zh) | 1995-10-13 | 1996-10-11 | 用于含氯聚合物的稳定剂组合物 |
CNB031042902A Division CN1271133C (zh) | 1995-10-13 | 1996-10-11 | 用于含氯聚合物的稳定剂组合物 |
CNB031042910A Division CN1271134C (zh) | 1995-10-13 | 1996-10-11 | 用于含氯聚合物的稳定剂组合物 |
CNA031042945A Division CN1515614A (zh) | 1995-10-13 | 1996-10-11 | 用于含氯聚合物的稳定剂组合物 |
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CN96112735A Expired - Lifetime CN1122684C (zh) | 1995-10-13 | 1996-10-11 | 用于含氯聚合物的稳定剂组合物 |
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