CN1094736A - 稳定的聚氯乙烯 - Google Patents
稳定的聚氯乙烯 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1094736A CN1094736A CN94104499A CN94104499A CN1094736A CN 1094736 A CN1094736 A CN 1094736A CN 94104499 A CN94104499 A CN 94104499A CN 94104499 A CN94104499 A CN 94104499A CN 1094736 A CN1094736 A CN 1094736A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pvc
- acid
- ester
- butyl
- stable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 title description 77
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 title description 76
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- -1 zinc carboxylate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 128
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- SURCGQGDUADKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-5-nitrobenzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione Chemical class [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC(C(N(NCCO)C2=O)=O)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 SURCGQGDUADKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YNGDWRXWKFWCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dihydropyridine Chemical compound C1C=CNC=C1 YNGDWRXWKFWCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 56
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 23
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 18
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 18
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Natural products OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 11
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- GHKOFFNLGXMVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Didodecyl thiobispropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCSCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC GHKOFFNLGXMVNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine Substances CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 8
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZJIPHXXDPROMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyphosphanyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound OP(O)OP(O)O ZJIPHXXDPROMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940038384 octadecane Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacontan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrotriazine Chemical compound C1NNNC=C1 FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PZBQVZFITSVHAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C=CC2=NNN=C21 PZBQVZFITSVHAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 5
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-hydrazinyl-3-oxopropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(=O)NN HCPOCMMGKBZWSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
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- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- FTWUXYZHDFCGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-diphenyloxamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FTWUXYZHDFCGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- MEIRRNXMZYDVDW-MQQKCMAXSA-N (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadien-1-ol Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C\CO MEIRRNXMZYDVDW-MQQKCMAXSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-octadecene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- XUCHXOAWJMEFLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COC(C=C1)=CC=C1CC(C=C1)=CC=C1OCC1CO1 XUCHXOAWJMEFLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000007033 dehydrochlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
使用一种无机或有机锌化合物和一种端基环氧
化合物可得到一种高稳定性的PVC。
Description
本发明涉及稳定的聚氯乙烯(PVC),稳定剂混合物,稳定的聚氯乙烯的制备方法以及稳定的PVC的用途。
除了锡和铅的化合物外,还可使用同样称之为金属皂的脂肪酸盐来稳定PVC,其中金属通常是钡、镉、锌或钙。考虑各种稳定性能(初始颜色和热稳定性),在每个实施例中可通过联合使用两种不同的金属皂来获得平衡的稳定作用(如联合使用钡皂和镉皂)。为了避免使用含有钡,铅或镉的化合物,亦推荐使用钙皂和锌皂;参看:如“塑料添加剂”,由H.Gaechter和H.Müller,Hanser Verlag编辑出版,第三版,1990,287-295页和Kunststoff Handbuch PVC,第1和2卷,Beck/Braun,Carl Hanser Verlag。
更特别推荐的是使用环氧化合物,特别是环氧化豆油作为PVC的助稳定剂;参看:如“塑料添加剂”,由H.Gaechter和H.Müller,Hanser Verlag编辑出版,第三版,1990,303-304页,和美国专利3,928,267。对于氯化聚氯乙烯,亦有使用酚醛清漆树脂的缩水甘油醚作为稳定剂的报道,如见DE3402408。
但是,仍然需要得到稳定的PVC,其中所使用的稳定剂是生理上可接受的同时又能产生高度稳定作用,特别应该避免使用含有钡,铅或镉的稳定剂。
人们发现通过一种无机或有机锌化合物和一种端基环氧化物的混合物稳定的PVC长期稳定性优良,其初始颜色和颜色保持力良好。令人惊讶的是,根据本发明所稳定的PVC满足很高的要求,而不仅仅是通过钡,铅或镉化合物稳定的PVC才满足这些要求,并且,根据本发明的稳定方法可以不加入钙皂。事实上,通常不希望加入钙皂,因为它对稳定性并无通常所期望的改进作用。
因此,本发明所涉及的稳定的PVC含有(a)PVC,(b)一种无机或有机锌化全物;以及(c)一种端基环氧化合物,优选不含有钡,铅或镉化合物。
为了本发明的目的,(a)PVC同样可以是PVC与可聚合的化合物如丙烯腈,乙酸乙烯酯或ABS等的共聚物或接枝聚合物,以及悬浮,本体或乳液聚合物。但是,为了本发明的目的,PVC不包括后氯化PVC。推荐使用PVC悬浮,本体或乳液聚合物,同样也可与聚丙烯酸酯相结合。
推荐使用的上述稳定的PVC中,(b)为至少一种无机锌化合物,如锌氧化物,氢氧化物,氯化物或硫化物,或超碱性锌氧化物/氢氧化物加成化合物,或一种选自C2-C22饱和脂族羧酸盐,C3-C22不饱和脂族羧酸盐,C2-C22至少一个OH基取代的脂族羧酸盐,含有5-22个碳原子的环状或二环羧酸盐,未取代的苯基羧酸盐,由至少一个OH基和/或C1-C16烷基取代的苯基羧酸盐,非取代萘基羧酸盐,由至少一个OH基和/或C1-C16烷基取代的萘基羧酸盐,苯基-C1-C16烷基羧酸盐,萘基-C1-C16烷基羧酸盐,或未取代或C1-C12烷基取代的酚盐组成的系列中的有机锌化合物。
可列举的例子有一价羧酸的锌盐,如乙酸,丙酸,丁酸,戊酸,己酸,庚酸,辛酸,新癸酸,2-乙基己酸,壬酸,癸酸,十一烷酸,十二酸,十三酸,十四酸,十六酸,异硬脂酸,硬脂酸,12-羟基硬脂酸,二十二酸,苯甲酸,对-叔丁基苯甲酸,二甲基羟基苯甲酸,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸,甲苯甲酸,二甲基苯甲酸,乙基苯甲酸,正丙基苯甲酸,邻羟基苯甲酸,对-叔辛基邻羟基苯甲酸,和2,4-己二烯酸;二元羧酸单酯锌盐,如乙二酸,丙二酸,丁二酸,戊二酸,己二酸,反式丁烯二酸,妥尔油酸,1,5-二羧基戊烷,1,6-二羟基己烷,1,7-二羧基庚烷,1,8-二羧基辛烷,邻苯二甲酸,间苯二甲酸,对苯二甲酸和羟基苯二甲酸;以及三元或四元羧酸的二酯或三酯,如1,2,3-苯三甲酸,1,2,4-苯三酸,1,2,4,5-苯四酸和柠檬酸。
推荐使用的上述组成中,(b)是一种有机锌化合物,特别是其羧酸有7到18个碳原子的羧酸有机锌盐(锌皂),如苯甲酸盐或链烷酸盐,推荐使用硬脂酸盐,油酸盐,月桂酸盐,棕榈酸盐,羟基硬脂酸盐,二羟基硬脂酸盐或2-乙基己酸盐。特别推荐硬脂酸盐,油酸盐和对叔丁基苯甲酸盐。
如果需要,也可使用不同结构的锌化合物的混合物。无机或有机锌化合物的用量可为:100份PVC(重量)中加入0.001到5份(重量),推荐加入0.01到5份(重量),特别推荐加入0.01到3份(重量)。
为了本发明的目的,所用端基环氧化物(c)可为脂肪族,芳香族,环脂族,芳脂族或杂环结构;它们含有环氧基侧基。环氧基团较好是通过醚键或酯键作为缩水甘油基与分子的剩余部分键合,或者它们可为杂环胺,酰胺或酰亚胺的N-缩水甘油基的衍生物。从一般概念来说这类环氧化合物是已知的,并且是商业上可获得的。
端基环氧化合物含有至少一个环氧基,特别有化学式Ⅰ:
它直接与碳,氧,氮或硫原子相键合,其中R1和R3都是氢,R2是氢或甲基,n是0,或者R1和R3一起为-CH2-CH2-或-CH2-CH2-CH2,R2是氢,n是0或1。
可列举的端基环氧化合物的实例如下;
Ⅰ)缩水甘油酯和β-甲基缩水甘油酯,通过将分子上含有至少一个羧基的化合物与3-氯-1,2-环氧丙烷或二氯丙三醇或β-甲基-3氯-1,2-环氧丙烷反应而获得。反应优选在碱的存在下进行。
在分子中含有至少一个羧基的化合物可以为脂族羧酸。这些羧酸的实例有:戊二酸,己二酸,庚二酸,辛二酸,壬二酸,癸二酸或二聚或三聚亚油酸,丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸,己酸,辛酸,月桂酸,十四酸,棕榈酸,硬脂酸和壬酸,以及与有机锌化合物的说明有关的所提及的酸。
但是,仍然可以使用环状脂族羧酸,如环己烷羧酸,四氢化邻苯二甲酸,4-甲基四氢化邻苯二甲酸,六氢化邻苯二甲酸或4-甲基六氢化邻苯二甲酸。
也可使用芳族羧酸,如苯甲酸,邻苯二甲酸,对苯二甲酸,1,2,4-苯三酸,或1,2,4,5-苯四酸。
同样可使用羧基封端加合物,如1,2,4-苯三酸和多羟化合物,如丙三醇或2,2-双(4-羟基环己基)丙烷。
为了本发明的目的,可使用其它端基环氧化合物,见EP0506617。
(Ⅱ)缩水甘油醚或β-甲基缩水甘油醚,可通过将含有至少一个自由醇羟基和/或酚羟基的化合物在碱性条件下或在酸催化剂存在(随后又进行碱处理)与合适的取代3-氯-1,2-环氧丙烷反应而获得。
这类醚是从如无环醇,诸如乙二醇、二甘醇和更高级的聚氧亚乙基二醇,1,2-丙二醇或聚氧亚丙基二醇,1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、聚(氧四亚甲基)二醇,1,5-戊二醇,1,6-己二醇,2,4,6-己三醇,丙三醇,1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷,双三羟甲基丙烷,季戊四醇,山梨醇等和从聚3-氯-1,2-环氧丙烷,丁醇,戊醇,以及从单官能醇,诸如异辛醇,2-乙基己醇,异癸醇和C7-C9链烷醇和C9-C11链烷醇混合物等衍生得来。
但是,它们也衍生于如环脂族醇,诸如1,3-或1,4-二羟基环己烷,双(4-羟基环己基)甲烷,2,2-双(4-羟基环己基)丙烷或1,1-双(羟甲基)环己-3-烯等,或者它们含有芳环,如N,N-双(2-羟乙基)苯胺或P,P′-双(2-羟乙胺基)二苯基甲烷)。
端基环氧化合物亦可衍生于单环苯酚,如衍生于苯酚,间苯二酚或对苯二酚;或者它们是基于多环酚,如基于双(4-羟苯基)甲烷,2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷,2,2-双(3,5-二溴代-4-羟苯基)丙烷,4,4′-脱羟基二苯基砜或者基于酚和甲醛在酸性条件下的缩合产物,如酚醛清漆。
可能的其它端基环氧化物的例子有:缩水甘油基-1-萘醚,缩水甘油基-2-苯基苯醚,2-二苯基缩水甘油醚,N-(2,3-环氧丙基)苯邻二甲酰亚胺和2,3-环氧丙基-4-甲氧苯醚。
Ⅲ)N-缩水甘油基化合物,可通过对3-氯-1,2-环氧丙烷与含有至少一个氨基氢原子的胺的反应产物进行脱氯化氢而获得。胺可为:如苯胺,N-甲基苯胺,甲苯胺,正丁胺,双(4-氨基苯基)甲烷,间-亚二甲苯基二胺或双(4-甲氨苯基)甲烷,但也可为N,N,O-三缩水甘油基-间-氨基苯酚或N,N,O-三缩水甘油基-对-氨基苯酚。
但是,N-缩水甘油基化合物也包括环亚烷基脲的N,N′-二-,N,N′,N″-三和N,N′,N″,N′″-四缩水甘油基衍生物,如亚乙基脲或1,3-亚丙基脲,和乙内酰脲的N,N′-二缩水甘油基衍生物,如衍生于5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲或乙二醇脲和三缩水甘油基异氰脲酸酯。
Ⅳ)S-缩水甘油基化合物,如从二硫酚衍生得来的二-S-缩水甘油基衍生物,如乙烷-1,2-二硫酚或双(4-巯基甲基苯基)醚。
Ⅴ)含有化学式Ⅰ的基团的端基环氧化合物(其中R1和R3联合为-CH2-CH2-,n为0)为双(2,3-环氧环戊基)乙醚,2,3-环氧基环戊基缩水甘油醚或1,2-双(2,3-环氧环戊氧基)乙烷,含有化学式Ⅰ的基团的一种端基环氧树脂的实例(其中R1和R3联合为-CH2-CH2-,n为1)是3′4′-环氧基-6′-甲基环己基)甲基-3,4-环氧基-6-甲基环己烷羧酸盐。
适宜的端基环氧化物的实例有:
a)液态双酚A二环氧甘油醚,如AralditRGY240,AralditRGY250,AralditRGY260,AralditRGY266,AralditRGY2600,AralditRMY790;
b)固态双酚A二环氧甘油醚,如AralditRGT6071,
AralditRGT7071, AralditRGT7072, AralditRGT6063,
AralditRGT7203, AralditRGT6064, AralditRGT7304,
AralditRGT7004, AralditRGT6084, AralditRGT1999,
AralditRGT7077, AralditRGT6097, AralditRGT7097,
AralditRGT7008, AralditRGT6097, AralditRGT7097,
AralditRGT7008, AralditRGT6099, AralditRGT6608,
AralditRGT6609,AralditRGT6610;
c)液态双酚F二环氧甘油醚,如AralditRGY281,AralditRPY302,AralditRPY306;
d)四苯乙烷的固态聚缩水甘油醚,如CG环氧树脂R0163;
e)苯酚-甲醛酚醛树脂的固态和液态聚缩水甘油醚,如EPN1138,EPN1139,GY1180,PY307;
f)邻-甲酚-甲醛酚醛树脂的固态和液态聚缩水甘油醚,如ECN1235,ECN1273,ECN1280,ECN1299;
g)醇的液态缩水甘油醚,如ShellR缩水甘油醚162,AralditRDY0390,AralditRDY0391;
h)羧酸的液态缩水甘油醚,如ShellRCardura E对苯二甲酸盐,1,2,4-苯三酸盐,AralditRPY284;
i)固态杂环环氧树脂(三缩水甘油基异氰脲酸酯),如AralditRPT810;
j)液态环脂族环氧树脂,如AralditRCY179;
k)对-氨基苯酚的液态N,N,O-三缩水甘油醚,如AralditRMY0510;
l)四缩水甘油基-4,4′-亚甲基苯胺或者N,N,N′,N′-四缩水甘油二氨基苯基甲烷,如AralditRMY720,AralditRMY721。
推荐使用含有两个官能团的端基环氧化合物。但是,原则上可以使用含有一个,两个或更多官能团的端基环氧化合物。
主要使用含芳香结构的端基环氧化合物,特别是二缩水甘油基化合物。
如果需要,也可使用有不同结构的端基环氧化合物混合物。
特别推荐端基环氧化合物为基于双酚的二环氧甘油醚,如基于2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷(双酚A),双(4-羟苯基)甲烷或双(邻/对-羟苯基)甲烷(双酚F)的混合物。
端基环氧化合物的用量较好为:100份PVC(重量)中至少加入0.1份(重量),如从0.1份到50份(重量),更好为从1份到30份(重量),特别为从1份到20份(重量)。
根据本发明的方法所稳定的PVC可能还含有添加剂,它们可以是如增塑剂,填料和增强材料(如:碳酸钙,硅酸盐,玻璃纤维,滑石,高岭土,白垩,云母,金属氧化物和氢氧化物,炭黑或石墨),抗氧化剂,多羟化物,沸石,水滑石,有机亚磷酸盐,1,3-二酮化合物,二氢吡啶,位阻胺(HALS),光稳定剂,紫外光吸收剂,润滑剂,脂肪酸酯,链烷烃,发泡剂,荧光增白剂,颜料,阻燃剂,抗静电剂,β-氨基丁烯酸酯(如EP0465405,第6页,9-14行中所提及),磷酸盐,硫代磷酸盐,胶凝剂,过氧化物分解化合物,改性剂及路易斯酸的配位剂。
所用的白垩优选经过脂肪酸,硅烷或钛酸盐表面处理。建议使用脂肪酸或脂肪酸混合物或技术级脂肪酸进行表面处理,特别推荐C10-C30的脂肪酸,硬脂酸则更好。一般脂肪酸是以液态形式加入釜热的白垩中,其用量为0.5到1%。在此操作过程中,脂肪酸部分地转化为相应的钙盐,但也不能再给白垩留下空腔,在一般概念上表面处理的白垩是已知的,并且它们是商业上可得到的,如Omya公司以Omyalite90T或Omya EXH1的牌号投放市场的表面处理白垩。
优选的表面处理白垩的用量优选为:100份PVC中(重量),至少加入10份(重量)表面处理白垩,如从15份到80份(重量),更好是从25份到75份(重量),特别是从40份到75份(重量)。
合适的有机增塑剂的实例选自以下的组:
A)邻苯二甲酸酯
这些增塑剂实例为邻苯二甲酸二甲酯,二乙酯,二丁酯,二己酯,二-2-乙基己酯,二-正辛酯,二-异辛酯,二-异壬酯,二-异癸酯,二-异十三烷酯,二环己酯,二甲基环己酯,二甲基乙二醇酯,二丁基乙二醇酯,苄基丁基酯和二苯酯,和邻苯二甲酸酯的混合物,如通过主要为线型醇所制得的邻苯二甲酸C7-C9和C9-C11烷基酯,邻苯二甲酸C6-C10正烷基酯和邻苯二甲酸C8-C10正烷基酯。推荐使用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,二己酯,二-2-乙基己酯,二-正辛酯,二-异辛酯,二-异壬酯,二-异癸酯,二-异十三烷基酯和苄基丁基酯,以及上述邻苯二甲酸烷基酯的混合物,特别推荐使用邻苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己酯,二异壬酯和二异癸酯。
B)脂族二羧酸酯,特别是己二酸酯,壬二酸酯,癸二酸酯。
这些增塑剂的实例为己二酸二-2-乙基己酯,己二酸二异辛酸(混合物),己二酸二异壬酯(混合物),己二酸二异癸酯(混合物),己二酸苄基丁基酯,己二酸苄基辛基酯,壬二酸二2-乙基己基酯,癸二酸二-2-乙基己基酯和癸二酸二异癸酯(混合物)。推荐使用己二酸二-2-乙基己基酯和己二酸二异辛酯。
C)1,2,4-苯三酸的酯,
如:偏苯三酸三-2-乙基己基酯,偏苯三酸三异癸酯(混合物),偏苯三酸三异十三烷基酯,偏苯三酸三异辛酯(混合物)和偏苯三酸三-C6-C8烷基酯,三-C6-C10烷基酯,三-C7-C9烷基酯和三-C9-C11烷基酯。最后所提及的偏苯三酸酯是通过将合适的链烷醇混合物被偏苯三酸酯化而制得。推荐使用偏苯三酸三-2-乙基己酯和通过链烷醇混合物所制得的上述偏苯三酸酯。
D)环氧增塑剂
E)聚合物增塑剂
此类增塑剂的定义和其实例见《塑料添加剂》,H.G
chter和H.Müller编辑,Hanser出版,1990,393-396页和《PVC工艺》,W.V.Titow编辑,第四版,Elsevier出版,1984,165-170页。制备聚酯增塑剂的最常见的原料为:二羧酸,如己二酸,邻苯二甲酸,壬二酸和癸二酸;二元醇,如1,2-丙二醇,1,3-丁二醇,1,4-丁二醇,1,6-己二醇,新戊二醇和二甘醇;一元羧酸,如乙酸,己酸,辛酸,月桂酸,肉豆蔻酸,棕榈酸,硬脂酸,壬酸和苯甲酸;一元醇,如异辛醇,2-乙基己醇,异癸醇和C7-C9烷基醇及C9-C11烷基醇混合物,特别有用的是通过上述二羧酸和一元醇所制得的聚酯增塑剂。
F)磷酸酯
此类酯的定义见上述《塑料添加剂》中390-393页。这种磷酸酯的实例为:磷酸三丁酯,磷酸三-2-乙基丁基酯,磷酸三-2-乙基己基酯,磷酸三氯乙酯,磷酸2-乙基己基二苯酯,磷酸甲苯基二苯基酯,磷酸三苯酯,磷酸三甲苯酯和磷酸三二甲苯基酯。优选使用磷酸三-2-乙基己基酯和RReofos50。
G)氯代烃(链烷烃)
H)烃
I)单酯,如油酸丁酯,油酸苯氧基乙酯,油酸四氢糠基酯和烷基磺酸酯。
J)二元醇酯,如苯甲酸二甘醇酯。
G)到J)类增塑剂的定义和实例见下列手册:
“塑料添加剂”,H.G
chter和H.Müller编辑,Hanser出版,1990,403-405页(G)类)和403页(H)类)。
“PVC工艺学”,W.V.Titow编辑,第4版,Elsevier出版,1984,171-173页,6.10.2节(G)类),174页,6.10.5节(H)类),173页,6.10.3节(I)类),173-174页,6.10.4节(J)类)。
特别推荐A)到F)类增塑剂,特别是A)到D)和F)类,尤其是这些系列中上面已推荐作为优选的增塑剂。
也可以使用不同增塑剂的混合物。
增塑剂用量可以是基于100份PVC(重量)中,加入如5份到120份(重量),优选加入10份到100份(重量),特别是20到70份(重量)。
所用的1,3-二羰基化合物可为线型或环状二羰基化合物,优选使用有化学式Ⅶ的二羰基化合物:
其中,R1为C1-C22烷基,C5-C10羟烷基,C2-C18链烯基,苯基,其中由OH,C1-C4烷基,C1-C4烷氧基或卤素取代的苯基,C7-C10苯烷基,C5-C12环烷基,由C1-C4烷基取代的C5-C12环烷基,或一个-R5-S-R6基或-R5-O-R6基团,R2为氢,C1-C8烷基,C2-C12链烯基,苯基,C7-C12烷基苯基,C7-C10苯基烷基或一个-CO-R4基团,R3为对R1所做的定义之一或为C1-C18烷氧基,R4为C1-C4烷基或苯基,R5为C1-C10链烯基,R6为C1-C12烷基,苯基,C7-C18烷基苯基或C7-C10苯基烷基。
这些包括EP-A-346279中的含羟基的二酮和EP-A-307358的氧代和硫代二酮,及US4339383中的基于异氰脲酸的二酮。
特别地,烷基R1和R3可以是C1-C18烷基,如甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基,正丁基,叔丁基,戊基,己基,庚基,辛基,癸基,十二烷基,或十八烷基。
特别地,羟烷基R1和R3是一个-(CH2)n-OH基团,其中n为5,6或7。
链烯基R1和R3可为如乙烯基,烯丙基,甲基烯丙基,1-丁烯基,1-己烯基或油烯基,优选为烯丙基。
OH-,烷基,烷氧基或卤素取代的苯基R1和R3可为如甲苯基,二甲苯基,叔丁基苯基,甲氧基苯基,乙氧基苯基,羟基苯基,氯苯基或二氯苯基。
特别地,苯烷基R1和R3可为苄基。特别地,环烷基或烷基环烷基R2和R3为环己基或甲基环己基。
特别地,烷基R2可为C1-C4烷基。特别地,C2-C12链烯基R2可为烯丙基。特别地,烷基苯基R2可为甲苯基。特别地,苯基烷基R2可为苯甲基。R2优选为氢。烷氧基R3可为如甲氧基,乙氧基,丁氧基,己氧基,辛氧基,十二烷氧基,十三烷氧基,十四烷氧基,或十八烷氧基。特别是,C1-C10亚烷基R5为C2-C4亚烷基。特别地,烷基R6为C4-C12烷基,如丁基,己基,辛基,癸基或十二烷基。特别地,烷基苯基R6为甲苯基。特别地,苯基烷基R6为苯甲基。
化学式Ⅶ的1,3-二羰基化合物的实例为乙酰丙酮,丁酰丙酮,庚酰丙酮,硬脂酰丙酮,棕榈酰丙酮,月桂酰丙酮,7-叔壬基硫代庚烷-2,4-二酮,苯甲酰丙酮,二苯甲酰甲烷,月桂酰苯甲酰甲烷,棕榈酰苯甲酰甲烷,硬脂酰苯甲酰甲烷,5-羟基己酰苯甲酰甲烷,三苯甲酰甲烷,双(4-甲基苯甲酰)甲烷,苯甲酰-对-氯苯甲酰甲烷,双(2-羟基苯甲酰)甲烷,4-甲氧基苯甲酰苯甲酰甲烷,双(4-甲氧基苯甲酰)甲烷,1-苯甲酰-1-乙酰壬烷,苯甲酰乙酰苯基甲烷,硬脂酰-4-甲氧基苯甲酰甲烷,双(4-叔丁基苯甲酰)甲烷,苯甲酰甲酰甲烷,苯甲酰苯基乙酰甲烷,双(环己酰)甲烷,二(新戊酰)甲烷,乙酰乙酸甲酯,乙酯、己酯,辛酯,十二烷酯或十八烷酯,苯甲酰乙酸乙酯,丁酯,2-乙基己基酯,十二烷酯或十八烷酯,硬脂酰乙酸乙酯,丙酯,丁酯,己酯或辛酯,和脱氢乙酸,及其锌或镁盐。
优选用化学式Ⅶ的1,3-二酮,其中R1为C1-C18烷基,苯基,其中由OH,甲基或甲氧基取代的苯基、C7-C10苯基烷基或环己基,R2为氢,R3为对R1所做定义之一。
1,3-二酮化合物的用量为:100份(重量)PVC中加入如0.01份到10份(重量),推荐加入0.01份到2份(重量),特别推荐加入0.1份到1份(重量)。
合适的抗氧化剂的实例为:
1.烷基化的单酚,如:2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚,2-丁基-4,6-二甲基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-正丁基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚,2,6-二环戊基-4-甲基苯酚,2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基苯酚,2,6-二-十八烷基-4-甲基苯酚,2,4,6-三环己基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧甲基苯酚,2,6-二壬基-4-甲基苯酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十一-1′-烷基)苯酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十七-1′-烷基)苯酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十三-1′-烷基)苯酚,辛基苯酚,壬基苯酚及其混合物。
2.烷基硫代甲基苯酚,如:2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚,2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-甲基苯酚,2,4-二辛基硫代甲基-6-乙基苯酚,2,6-二-十二烷基硫代甲基-4-壬基苯酚。
3.对苯二酚和烷基化对苯二酚,如:2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚,2,5-二叔丁基-对苯二酚,2,5-二叔戊基-对苯二酚,2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-对苯二酚,2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基甲氧基苯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基甲氧基苯,硬脂酸3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯酯,己二酸双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯酯)。
4.羟基化的二苯基硫醚,如:2,2′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚),2,2′-硫代双(4-辛基苯酚),4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚),4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚),4,4′-硫代双(3,6-二仲戊基苯酚),4,4′-双(2,6-二甲基-4-羟苯基)二硫醚。
5.亚烷基双酚,如:2,2′-亚甲基-双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基-双(6-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基-双〔4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基-双(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基-双(6-壬基-4-甲基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基-双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚乙基-双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚乙基-双(6-叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基-双〔6-(α-甲苄基)-4-壬基苯酚〕,2,2′-亚甲基-双〔6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚〕,4,4′-亚甲基-双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚),4,4′-亚甲基-双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚),1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷,2,6-双(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟苄基)-4-甲基苯酚,1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷,1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-3-正十二烷基巯基丁烷,双〔3,3-双(3′-叔丁基-4′-羟基苯基)丁酸〕1,2-乙二醇酯,双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)二环戊二烯,对苯二甲酸双〔2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲苄基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基-苯酯〕,1,1-双(3,5-二甲基-2-羟基苯基)丁烷,2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷,2,2-双(4-羟基丙基)丙烷,2,2-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-4-正十二烷基巯基丁烷,1,1,5,5-四(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷。
6.O-,N-和S-苄基化合物,如:
3,5,3′,5′-四-叔丁基-4,4′-二羟基二苄醚,4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苄基巯基乙酸十八烷酯,三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)胺,二硫代对苯二甲酸双(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄酯),双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)硫醚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基巯基乙酸异辛酯。
7.羟苄基化的丙二酸酯,如2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟苄基)丙二酸二-十八烷酯,2-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲苄基)丙二酸二-十八烷酯,2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)丙二酸二-十二烷基巯基乙酯,2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)丙二酸二〔4,(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酯)。
8.羟苄基芳族化合物,如:1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯,1,4-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)苯酚。
9.三嗪化合物,如:2,4-双辛基巯基-6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,2,3-三嗪,异氰脲酸1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄酯),异氰脲酸1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄酯),2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酰基)六氢-1,3,5-三嗪,异氰脲酸1,3,5-三(3,5-二环己基-4-羟苄酯)。
10.磷酸酯,亚磷酸酯和膦酸酯,如:2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基磷酸二甲酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基磷酸二乙酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基磷酸二-十八烷基酯,5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲苄基磷酸二-十八烷基酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基磷酸-乙基酯的钙盐,亚磷酸三苯酯,亚磷酸烷基二苯基酯,亚磷酸二烷基苯基酯,亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯,亚磷酸三月桂基酯,亚磷酸三-十八烷基酯,亚磷酸三癸基酯,二亚磷酸二硬脂基季戊四醇酯,亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯,二亚磷酸二异癸基季戊四醇酯,二亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇酯,二亚磷酸双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇酯,二亚磷酸双异癸氧基季戊四醇酯,二亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基(季戊四醇酯,二亚磷酸双(2,4,6-三叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇酯,三亚磷酸三硬脂基山梨醇酯,二膦酸四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)-4,4′-二亚苯基酯,6-异辛氧基-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12H-二苯并〔d,g〕-1,3,2-二氧杂phosphocine,6-氟-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12-甲基-二苯并〔d,g〕-1,3,2-二氧杂phosphocine,亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)甲基酯,亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)乙基酯(C19H19-C6H4)1.5-P-(O-C12-13H25-27)1.5。
11.酰氨基苯酚,如:4-羟基-N-月桂酰苯胺,4-羟基-N-硬脂酰苯胺,N-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)甲氨酸辛酯。
12.β-(3.5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸与一元或多元醇的酯,如与甲醇,乙醇,辛醇,十八烷醇,1,6-己二醇,1,9-壬二醇,乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,新戊二醇,硫代二甘醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,季戊四醇,异氰脲酸三(羟乙基)酯,N,N′-双(羟乙基)乙二酰胺,3-硫代十一烷醇,3-硫代十五烷醇,三甲基己二醇,三羟甲基丙烷,4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环-〔2,2,2〕-辛烷的酯。
13.β-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与一元或多元醇的酯,如与甲醇,乙醇,辛醇,十八烷醇,1,6-己二醇,1,9-壬二醇,乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇,新戊二醇,硫代二甘醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,季戊四醇,异氰尿酸三(羟乙基)酯,N,N′-双(羟乙基)乙二酰胺,3-硫代十一烷醇,3-硫代十五烷醇,三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环-〔2,2,2〕-辛烷的酯。
14.β-(3,5-二环己基-4-羟苯基)丙酸与一元或多元醇的酯,如与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)乙二酰胺、3-硫十一烷醇、3-硫十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂-二环-〔2,2,2〕-辛烷的酯。
15.β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)乙酸与一元或二元醇的酯,如与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)乙二酰胺、3-硫十一烷醇、3-硫十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环-〔2,2,2〕-辛烷的酯。
16.β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酰胺,如N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酰基)六亚甲基二胺,N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)三亚甲基二胺,N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰)肼。
推荐使用酚类抗氧化剂,特别是1-5系列和12系列,及10系列中的抗氧化剂;特别推荐2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酸与十八烷醇或季戊四醇的酯,以及亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯。
如果需要,可使用不同结构抗氧化剂的混合物。
抗氧化剂的用量为:100份(重量)PVC中,加入如0.01份到10份(重量),推荐加入0.1份到10份(重量),特别推荐加入0.1份到5份(重量)。
合适的紫外线吸收剂和光稳定剂的实例有:
1.2-(2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑,如:2-(2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑,2-(5′-叔丁基-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑,2-(2′-羟基-5′-(1,1,3,3,-四甲基丁基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-2′-羟苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑,2-(3′-仲丁基-5′-叔丁基-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑,2-(2′-羟基-4′-辛氧苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-二叔戊基-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-双(α,α-二甲基苄基)-2′羟苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛氧基羰乙基)苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-5′-〔2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰乙基〕-2′-羟苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-5′-〔2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰基乙基〕-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-十二烷基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并三唑,和2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-异辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基苯并三唑,2,2′-亚甲基双〔4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-6-苯并三唑-2-基苯酚〕的混合物;2-〔3′-叔丁基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)-2′-羟苯基〕苯并三唑与聚乙二醇300的酯交换产物;〔R-CH2CH2-COO(CH2)3〕2其中,R=3′-叔丁基-4′-羟基-5′-2H-苯并三唑-2-基苯基。
2.2-羟基二苯甲酮,如它的4-羟基,4-甲氧基,4-辛氧基,4-癸氧基,4-十二烷氧基,4-苄氧基,4,2′,4′-三羟基和2′-羟基-4,4′-二甲氧基衍生物。
3.未取代的或取代的苯甲酸酯,如:水杨酸4-叔丁基-苯酯,水杨酸苯酯,水杨酸辛基苯酯,二苯甲酰间苯二酚,双(4-叔丁基苯甲酰)间苯二酚,苯甲酰间苯二酚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2,4-二叔丁基苯酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十六烷基酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十八烷基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸-2-甲基-4,6-二叔丁基苯酯。
4.丙烯酸酯,如α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯和异辛酯,α-甲氧甲酰基肉桂酸甲酯,α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯和丁酯,α-甲氧甲酰基-对-甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯和N-(β-甲氧甲酰基-β-氰基乙烯基)-2-甲基二氢吲哚。
5.镍化合物,如:2,2′-硫代双〔4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚〕的镍配合物,如以1∶1和1∶2配比的配合物,如果需要加有额外的配位体,诸如正丁胺,三乙醇胺或N-环己基二乙醇胺,二丁基二硫代甲氨酸镍,一烷基酯的镍盐,诸如4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基膦酸的甲酯或乙酯,酮肟的镍配合物,诸如2-羟基-4-甲基苯基十一烷基酮肟的镍配合物,以及1-苯基-4-月桂酰基-5-羟基吡唑的镍配合物,如果需要还有额外的配位体。
6.位阻胺,如:癸二酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯,丁二酸双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯,癸二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)酯,正丁基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基丙二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)酯,1-羟乙基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶和丁二酸的缩合产物,N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-叔辛基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-S-三嗪的缩合产物,次氮基三乙酸三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯,1,2,3,4-丁四酸四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯,1,1′-(1,2-联二甲基)双-(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮),4-苯甲酰-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,4-硬脂酰氧-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,2-正丁基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基)丙二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)酯,3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮螺〔4,5〕癸烷-2,4-二酮,癸二酸双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯,丁二酸双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯,N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-吗啉代-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合产物,2-氯-4,6-二(4-正丁氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)1,3,5-三嗪与1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合产物,2-氯-4,6-二(4-正丁氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪与1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合产物,8-乙酰-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮螺〔4,5〕癸烷-2,4-二酮,3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)四氢化吡咯-2,5-二酮,3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)四氢化吡咯-2,5-二酮。
7.乙二酰胺,如:4,4′-二辛氧基-N,N′-草酰二苯胺,2,2′-二辛氧基-5,5′-二叔丁基-N,N′-草酰二苯胺,2,2′-二-十二烷氧基-5,5′-二叔丁基-N,N′-草酰二苯胺,2-乙氧基-2′-乙基-N,N′草酰二苯胺,N,N′-双(3-二甲基氨基丙基己二酰胺,2-乙氧基-5-叔丁基-2′-乙基-N,N′-草酰二苯胺及其与2-乙氧基-2′-乙基-5,4′-二叔丁基-N,N′-草酰二苯胺的混合物,和邻-和对-甲氧基及邻-和对-乙氧基-双取代-N,N′-草酰二苯胺的混合物。
8.2-(2-羟苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,如:2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)1,3,5-三嗪,2,4-双(2-羟基-4-丙氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(4-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-十二烷氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-丁氧基丙氧基)苯基〕-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-〔2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-辛氧基丙氧基)苯基〕-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪。
合适的过氧化物分解剂的例子为:β-硫代二丙酸酯,如β-硫代二丙酸月桂酯,硬脂基酯,肉豆蔻酯,或十三烷酯,巯基苯并咪唑,2-巯基苯并咪唑的锌盐,二丁基二硫代甲氨酸锌盐,二-十八烷基二硫,四(β-十二烷基巯基)丙酸季戊四醇酯及二巯基乙酸乙二醇酯。
合适的润滑剂的实例为:
褐煤蜡,脂肪酸酯,聚乙烯蜡,酰胺蜡,氯化链烷烃,甘油酯及碱土金属皂。可用的润滑剂也可见“塑料添加剂”一文,H.Gachter和H.Muller编辑,Hanser Verlag第三版,1990,466-470页。如果使用钙皂,其用量应同常规润滑剂用量相同,推荐用100份PVC中少于0.3份,特别优选少于0.2份。稳定的PVC优选不含有钙皂。
合适的多羟基化合物的实例为:
季戊四醇,二季戊四醇,三季戊四醇,双三羟甲基丙烷,双三羟甲乙烷,三羟甲基丙烷,山梨醇,麦芽糖醇,异麦芽醇,乳糖醇,异麦芽酚,lycasin,甘露糖醇,乳糖,明串珠菌二糖,异氰尿酸三(羟乙基)酯,Palatinitol,四羟甲基环己醇,四羟甲基环戊醇,四羟甲基环吡喃油(Pyranol),甘油,双甘油,聚甘油及1-O-2-D-吡喃葡糖苷基-D-甘露糖醇二水合物。
多羟基化合物的用量为:100份PVC(重量)中,加入如0.01到20份(重量),推荐加入0.1份到20份(重量),特别推荐加入0.1份到10份(重量)。
合适的亚磷酸酯为有机亚磷酸酯,其通式为P(OR)3,其中R基团是相同或不同的烷基,链烯基,芳基或芳烷基团,推荐的有机亚磷酸酯通式如下:
其中,R1″,R2″和R3″可相同或不同,并且为C6-C18烷基,C6-C18链烯基,取代或未取代的苯基或C5-C7环烷基。
C6-C18烷基R1″,R2″和R3″为如正己基,正辛基,正壬基,癸基,十二烷基,十四烷基,十六烷基或十八烷基,推荐使用含8到18个碳原子的烷基。
取代的苯基R1″,R2″和R3″为如甲苯基,乙苯基,二甲苯基,异丙苯基,甲基·异丙苯基,羟甲苯基,4-甲氧苯基,2,4-二甲氧苯基,乙氧苯基,丁氧苯基,对-正辛基苯基,对-正壬基苯基或对-正十二烷基苯基。
特别合适的亚磷酸酯为亚磷酸三辛酯,三癸酯,三-十二烷基酯,三-十四烷基酯,三硬脂基酯,三油烯基酯,三苯酯,三羟甲苯酯,三-对壬基苯酯,和三环己酯,特别推荐使用亚磷酸芳基二烷基酯和亚磷酸烷基二芳基酯,如亚磷酸苯基二癸基酯,2,4-二叔丁基苯基二-十二烷基酯及2,6-二叔丁基苯基二-十二烷基酯,和二亚磷酸二烷基酯和二芳基季戊四醇酯,如二亚磷酸二硬脂基季戊四醇酯。
推荐使用的有机亚磷酸酯为二亚磷酸二硬脂基季戊四醇酯,亚磷酸三壬基苯基酯,亚磷酸三癸酯,亚磷酸二苯基癸基酯和亚磷酸苯基二癸基酯。
有机亚磷酸酯的用量为:100份(重量)PVC中,加入如0.01份到5份(重量),推荐加入0.05份到3份(重量),特别推荐加入0.1份到1份(重量)。
水滑石或沸石系列合适的化合物包括天然矿物质和合成化合物。
由水滑石所组成的化合物系列可由以下通式Ⅰ表示:
M2+1-x·M3+x·(OH)2·(An-)x/n·mH2O (Ⅰ)
其中:M2+=镁、钙,锶,锌,锡和/或镍;
M3+=铝,硼或铍
An-为n价的阴离子
n为1到4的数
x为0到0.5的数且m为0到2的一个数
An-推荐为OH-,Cl-,Br-,I-,ClO-4、HCO-3、CH3COO-,C6H5COO-、CO2-3,SO2-4,
,(CHOHCOO)2-2,(CHOH)4CH2OHCOO-,C2H4(COO)2-2,(CH2COO)2-2,CH3CHOHCOO-,SiO2-3,SiO4-4,Fe(CN)3-6,Fe(CN)4-6或HPO2-4。
其它的实例见DE4106403。
推荐使用的其它水滑石化合物的通式Ⅰa如下:
M2+xAl2(OH)2x+6nz(An-)2·mH2O (Ⅰa)
其中M2+为含镁和锌的系列中至少一种金属,推荐为镁,An-为一阴离子,推荐选自由CO2-3,
,OH-和S2-所组成的阴离子系列,其中n为阴离子的价电子数,m为一正数,推荐为0.5到5,并且x和z均为正数,x优选为2到6,z优选为小于2。
推荐用由通式Ⅰ的水滑石所组成的化合物系列。
M2+1-x·M3+x·(OH)2·(An-)x/n·mH2O (Ⅰ)
其中M2+为镁或镁和锌的固溶体,An-为CO2-3,x为0到0.5的一个数,m为0到2的一个数。
特别推荐有如下化学式的水滑石
Al2O3·6MgO·CO2·12H2O
Mg4.5Al2(OH)13·CO3·3.5H2O
4MgO·Al2O3·CO2·9H2O
4MgO·Al2O3·CO2·6H2O
ZnO·3MgO·Al2O3·CO2·8-9H2O或
ZnO·3MgO·Al2O3·CO2·5-6H2O
水滑石的用量为:100份(重量)PVC中,加入如0.1份到20份(重量),推荐加入0.5份到10份(重量),特别推荐加入0.5份到5份(重量)。
沸石可由通式(Ⅹ)所表示:
Mx/n〔(AlO2)x(SiO2)y〕·wH2O (Ⅹ)
其中n为正离子M的电荷。
M为第ⅠA族或ⅡA族元素,或锌
y∶x为0.8到无穷大之间的一个数,推荐在0.8到10.5之间
w为0到300之间的一个数
另外,根据本发明可使用的沸石见“沸石结构类型图表集”,W.M.Meier和D.H.Olson,Butterworths,第二版,1986。
广义上的沸石也包括有沸石结构的磷酸铝。
本身已知的推荐使用的沸石平均有效孔径为3-5A并且可由已知技术制备,特别推荐使用NaA型沸石,其平均有效孔径为4A,因此被称为沸石A。
特别推荐使用结晶的硅铝酸钠,其微粒尺寸为至少主要在1-10微米范围内。
在本发明所推荐的一个实施方案中,也可使用具有圆角和圆边的硅铝酸钠。通过批量生产能较有利地制得该沸石,该批量的摩尔组成范围为2.5-6.0Na2O·Al2O3∶0.5-5.0SiO2·60-200H2O。该批物料以常规方式结晶,在70-120℃下加热较有利,建议在80-95℃下加热,同时搅拌至少1/2小时。结晶产物以一种简单的方式分离开来,洗涤然后干燥。
为了本发明的目的,也可使用在水溶性的无机或有机分散剂存在下沉淀和结晶的经过细分的水不溶性硅铝酸钠,合适的水溶性有机分散剂为表面活性剂,非表面活性剂芳族磺酸和能与钙配位的化合物。上述分散剂可在沉淀前或沉淀过程中以任何适宜的方式引入反应混合物;如,它们最初可以溶液的形式引入或溶解在铝酸盐和/或硅酸盐溶液中。分散剂的用量为:在全部沉淀物料的基础上,至少加0.05%(重量),建议加入0.1-5%(重量)。将沉淀物料在50℃到200℃范围内加热1/2到24小时以进行结晶。在可用的多种多样分散剂中,可提及的实例有月桂基乙醚硫酸钠,聚丙烯酸钠和1-羟乙烷-1,1-二膦酸的钠盐。
如上所述,优选含有至少一种具有以下化学式的化合物的稳定的PVC:
Na12Al12Si12O48·27H2O〔沸石A〕
Na6Al6Si6O24·2NaX·7.5H2O,X=OH,卤素,ClO4〔纳沸石〕
Na6Al6Si30O72·24H2O
Na8Al8Si40O96·24H2O
Na16Al16Si24O80·16H2O
Na16Al16Si32O96·16H2O
Na56Al56Si136O384·250H2O〔沸石Y〕
Na86Al86Si106O384·264H2O〔沸石X〕
或者可通过将锂,钾,镁,钙,锶或锌原子置换全部或部分钠原子而制得的沸石,如:
(Na,K)10Al10Si22O64·20H2O
Ca4.5Na3〔(AlO2)12(SiO2)12〕·30H2O
K9Na3〔(AlO2)12(SiO2)12〕·27H2O
沸石的用量为:100份PVC(重量)中,加入如0.1份到20份(重量),优选加入0.5份到10份(重量),特别建议加入0.5份到5份(重量)。
优选稳定的PVC含有(a)PVC,(b)一种有机锌化合物,特别是每100份PVC中含0.001-5.0份,(c)一种端基环氧化合物,特别是每100份PVC中含有0.1-5.0份,并且,如果需要,还可含有白垩,特别是每100份PVC中含有至少10份,和/或一种苯酚类抗氧化剂,特别是每100份PVC中含有0.01-10.0份。
还推荐进而含有一种增塑剂的稳定的PVC,特别是每100份PVC中含有5-120份。
还推荐进而含有一种1,3-二酮化合物的稳定的PVC,特别是每100份PVC中含有0.01-10.0份。
还推荐进而含有一种多羟基化合物的稳定的PVC,特别是每100份PVC中含有0.01-20份。
还推荐进而含有一种沸石的稳定的PVC,特别是每100份PVC中含有0.1-20份。
还推荐进而含有一种水滑石的稳定的PVC,特别是每100份PVC中含有0.1-20份。
还推荐进而含有一种有机亚磷酸酯的稳定的PVC,特别是每100份PVC中含有0.01-5份。
还推荐进而含有一种二氢吡啶的稳定的PVC,特别是每100份PVC中含有0.01-5份。
还推荐进而含有一种位阻胺的稳定的PVC,特别是每100份PVC中含有0.01-5份。
特别推荐稳定的PVC除PVC外,还含有有机锌化合物,端基环氧化合物,白垩和酚类抗氧化剂,以及一种1,3-二酮化合物和一种多羟基化合物。
特别推荐稳定的PVC除PVC外,还含有有机锌化合物,端基环氧化合物,白垩和酚类抗氧化剂,以及一种1,3-二酮化合物和一种水滑石。
特别推荐稳定的PVC除PVC外,还含有有机锌化合物,端基环氧化合物,白垩和酚类抗氧化剂,以及一种1,3-二酮化合物和一种沸石。
本发明还涉及一种含有一种无机或有机锌化合物和一种端基环氧化合物的稳定剂混合物。上述优选者适用于单个的混合物组成,并且稳定剂混合物同样可含有上述的其它组成。
本发明还涉及一种无机或有机锌化合物协同一种端基环氧化合物用于稳定PVC的应用。上述优选者适用于单个稳定剂和PVC本身,并同样可额外使用上述其它组分之一。
根据本发明的稳定的PVC可通过一种本身已知的方法制备,制备结束时,使用本身已知设备使上述稳定剂和添加剂(如果需要)与PVC相混合,如压延机,混合器,复合机,挤出机等。在操作过程中,稳定剂可单个地加入或以混合物形式或以母炼胶的形式加入。
根据本发明的稳定的PVC可以一种已知的方法转变成所需要的形状。此类方法有诸如研磨,压延,挤出,注模,烧结或纺丝,还有挤压吹塑成型或通过塑溶胶方法来转换。稳定的PVC也可转变为泡沫状。
根据本发明的所得的PVC特别适合于半硬性和柔韧性制品,特别是以柔韧性制品的形式可做电线包皮和电缆绝缘层,这是特别优选的。根据本发明所得的以半硬性制品形式的PVC特别适合做装饰薄膜,泡沫塑料,农用片材,管材,焊接型材和办公用膜。
根据本发明所得的以硬质制品形式的PVC特别适合做中空制品(瓶子),包装用膜(热成型膜),吹塑膜,防震垫(汽车中),管材,泡沫塑料,重质型材(窗框),隔光型材,建筑型材,挡板,接头,办公用膜和设备壳体(计算机和家用设备)。
根据本发明所得的PVC用作塑溶胶的实例有人造皮革,地板覆盖材料,编织品涂层,墙壁涂料,线圈涂层和汽车底封。
根据本发明的稳定的PVC制得的烧结PVC的应用实例有脂膏,脂膏模和线圈涂层。
以下的实施例更详细地说明了本发明,而不表示有所限制。同其它部分的说明一样,份数和百分数除了特别指出均指重量。
实施例
通过混合下表中所示的各组分制得一种PVC组合物(用量为重量份)。
在190℃下各组分在混合辊内均化5分钟,得到的薄膜厚度为0.3-0.5mm。
长期稳定性可根据DIN53381通过静态加热测试(“Stat.h”)来测定,即将样品置于190℃的试验烘箱中,可确定样品发黑所需的时间。
长期稳定性的另一种测定方法可根据DIN VDE0472来决定其热稳定性(“VDE试验”)。在该试验中,样品在一底端封闭置于200℃油浴中的玻璃管(Peco-Laborbedarf GmbH,Darmstadt所生产的AR玻璃)中加热,可得出通用试纸产生明显的红色(相当于pH值为3)所需的时间。
PVC的稳定性的又一个测试方法是根据DIN53381,Sheet3通过脱氯化氢试验来实现(“DHC试验”)。在该试验中,测试了在各实例中所示的温度下脱氯化氢曲线开始上升所需时间。
下面各表中所用的缩略词含义如下:
AO-1:双酚A
AO-2:3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸十八烷酯
AO-3:四-3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸季戊四醇酯
AO-4:(C9H19-C6H4-O)1.5-P-(O-C12/13H25/27)1.5
AO-5:二氢吡啶
白垩:通过0.75%硬脂酸表面处理
(Omya EXHI或Omyalite T90)
D-1:硬脂酰苯甲酰甲烷
D-2:异氰尿酸三羟乙酯
D-3:异辛基苯甲酰基甲烷
D-4:二苯甲酰甲烷
E-1:双酚A二环氧甘油醚(AralditRGY250)
E-2:双酚F二环氧甘油醚(AralditRGY281)
E-3:苯酚甲醛酚醛树脂的聚缩水甘油醚(AralditRGY1180)
E-4:四苯基乙烷的聚缩水甘油醚(CG环氧树脂R0163)
E-5:环脂族环氧树脂(AralditRCY179)
E-6:双酚F二环氧甘油醚(AralditRPY306)
E-7:偏苯三酸三缩水甘油酯
E-8:对苯二甲酸二环氧丙酯
E-9:E-7和E-8的混合物
H-1:(Kyowa的水滑石)AlkamizerRⅣ
P-1:还原的麦芽糖(MalbitRCR Cerestar)
P-2:还原的乳糖(乳醇)
P-3:α-D(+)乳糖
P-4:β-D(+)乳糖
P-5:Palatinose
P-6:D(+)麦芽糖
P-7:异麦芽醇
P-8:明串珠菌二糖
P-9:季戊四醇
P-10:二季戊四醇
P-11:山梨醇
P-12:四羟甲基环己醇
P-13:二三羟甲基丙烷
PVC-1:PVC K值为70
W-1:增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯
Z-1:Wessalith PR,Degussa的4A沸石
Zn-1:硬脂酸锌
Zn-2:氢氧化锌
Zn-3:硫化锌
Zn-4:碱性辛酸锌
Zn-5:月桂酸锌
Zn-6:乙酸锌
Zn-7:苯甲酸锌
Zn-8:氧化锌
用作比较的化合物为:
E-V1:环氧化豆油
表1
实施例 1 2 3 4 5 6
PVC-1 100 100 100 100 100 100
W-1 49 49 49 49 49 49
白垩 50 50 50 50 50 50
Zn-1 - 0.38 - 0.38 - 0.38
E-V1 - - 5 5 - -
E-1 - - - - 5 5
“VDE试验” 6.5 5 13 10 31 50[min]
实施例1-4(不根据本发明制备)显示出在长期稳定性方面的不足,这是因为加入了一种硬脂酸锌(Zn-1),不管对于碱性混合物(实施例1和2)还是对于含有环氧化豆油(E-Ⅵ)的混合物(实施例3和4)都是这样。与之相对比,表1的最后一列示出了在长期稳定性方面的改善,这是用本发明的方法通过联合加入一种锌化合物(Zn-1)和一种端基环氧化物(E-1)而获得。
表2
实施例 7 8 9 10 11 12
PVC-1 100 100 100 100 100 100
W-1 49 49 49 49 49 49
白垩 50 50 50 50 50 50
Zn-1 - 0.3 0.3 - 0.3 0.3
AO-2 - - 0.5 - - 0.5
E-1 - - - 5 5 5
E-V1 5 5 5 - - -
“VDE试验” 9 10.5 30 27.5 42 81.5[min]
实施例11和12示出了当使用本发明的一种配方时的长期稳定性;实施例7-10没有根据本发明的成型方法制备,其长期稳定性显著降低。在不根据本发明所制得的样品中,只有实施例9加入额外的抗氧化剂(AO-2)大大提高其长期稳定性,而实施例11根据本发明联合使用一种锌化合物(Zn-1)和一种端基环氧化合物(E-1)已经得到更好的长期稳定性能,并且它还可通过抗氧化剂(AO-2)进一步得到显著提高。
表3
实施例 13 14 15 16 17 18
PVC-1 100 100 100 100 100 100
W-1 49 49 49 49 49 49
白垩 50 50 50 50 50 50
Zn-1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6
E-1 5 5 5 5 4 3
AO-1 - - 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
AO-2 0.5 0.5 - - - -
Z-1 - 1 - - - -
D-1 - - 0.3 - - -
P-1 - - - 0.5 0.5 0.5
“VDE试验” 81.5 88 88 132 111 108[min]
实施例13-16示出了根据本发明额外使用抗氧化剂(AO-1和AO-2),沸石(2-1),1,3-二酮化合物(D-1)和多羟基化合物(P-1)。
表4
实施例 19 20 21 22
PVC-1 100 100 100 100
W-1 49 49 49 49
白垩 50 50 50 50
Zn-1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
E-2 5 - - -
E-3 - 5 - -
E-4 - - 5 -
E-5 - - - 5
AO-1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
“VDE试验” 98 97 103 110[min]
表5
实施例 23 24 25 26
PVC-1 100 100 100 100
W-1 49 49 49 49
白垩 50 50 50 50
Zn-1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
E-6 5 - - -
E-7 - 5 - -
E-8 - - 5 -
E-9 - - - 5
AO-1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
“VDE试验” 97 109 92.5 98.5[min]
本发明的实施例19-26示出了对各类端基环氧化合物(E-2到E-9)长期稳定性的值。
表6
实施例 27 28 29 30
PVC-1 100 100 100 100
W-1 49 49 65 43
白垩 50 50 40 11
Zn-1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
AO-2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
E-1 5 5 5 5
D-1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
P-1 - 0.5 0.5 0.5
“VDE试验” 88 120.5 [min]
"stat.h." 110 130 90 95 [min]
表6示出了使用一种多羟基化合物(P-1)作为又一种可能的稳定剂。
表7
实施例 31 32 33
PVC-1 100 100 100
W-1 49 49 49
白垩 50 50 50
Zn-1 0.9 0.3 0.9
AO-3 0.3 0.1 0.3
H-1 4.5 1.5 4.5
D-1 0.3 0.1 0.3
E-V1 5 - -
E-1 - 5 5
“VDE试验” 90.5 110 171.5[min]
根据本发明的实施例32和33示出了使用水滑石(H-1)做为一种额外的添加剂,与不根据本发明的实施例31相比,其长期稳定性高是因为只使用1/3用量的添加剂(2-1,AO-3,H-1和D-1)
表8
实施例 34 35 36 37 38
PVC-1 100 100 100 100 100
W-1 49 49 49 49 49
白垩 50 50 50 50 50
Zn-1 0.6 - - - -
Zn-2 - 0.6 0.1 - -
Zn-3 - - - 0.6 0.1
AO-1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
E-1 5 5 5 5 5
D-1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
P-1 - 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
“VDE试验” 123 121 109 114 99 [min]
"stat.h." >130 >130 110 110 100 [min]
实施例35到38示出了根据本发明使用无机锌化合物(Zn-2和Zn-3)做为可能的锌化合物。
表9
实施例 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
PVC-1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
W-1 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
白垩 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
E-1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
AO-1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3
D-1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Zn-1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
P-1 0.5
P-2 0.5
P-3 0.5
P-4 0.5
P-5 0.5
P-6 0.5
P-7 0.5
P-8 0.5
“VDE试验” 120 80 82 79.5 106 93.5 103.5 106.5[min]
"stat.h." >130 115 115 105 125 120 >130 >130[min]
表10
实施例 47 48 49 50 51 52 53
PVC-1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
W-1 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
白垩 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
E-1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Zn-1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
AO-1
P-1 0.5
D-2 0.5
P-9 0.5
P-10 0.5
P-11 0.5
P-12 0.5
P-13 0.5
“VDE试验” 55 51 34.5 54.5 54 53 48[min]
“DHC试验”(*2) 48 50 29 49 45.5 42.5 50[min]
(*2) 200℃,诱导期显示[OμS]
表11
实施例 54 55 56
PVC-1 100 100 100
W-1 49 49 49
白垩 50 50 50
E-1 5 5 5
Zn-1 0.6 0.6 0.6
AO-1 0.5 0.5 0.5
P-1 0.5
D-2
P-9 0.5
P-10
P-11 0.5
P-12
P-13
“VDE试验” 118.5 82.5 91.5[min]
“DHC试验(*2) 86 65 69.5[min]
(*2) 200℃,诱导期显示[OμS]
表12
实施例 57 58 59 60 61 62
PVC-1 100 100 100 100 100 100
W-1 49 49 49 49 49 49
白垩 50 50 50 50 50 50
E-1 5 5 5 5 5 5
AO-1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
D-1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
P-1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Zn-1 0.6
Zn-4 0.6
Zn-5 0.6
Zn-6 0.6
Zn-7 0.4
Zn-8 0.1
“VDE试验” 120.5 121.5 114.5 105 112 101.5[min]
“DHC试验” 148.5 126.5 141.5 117 133 116.5[min]
表13
实施例 63 64 65
PVC-1 100 100 100
W-1 54 54 54
白垩 50 50 50
E-1 1 3 5
H-1 3 3 3
Zn-1 0.6 0.6 0.6
AO-1 0.5 0.5 0.5
“VDE试验” 135 147.5 167.5[min]
“stat.h” >140 >140 >140[min]
表14
实施例 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74
PVC-1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
W-1 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49
白垩 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
E-1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Zn-1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
AO-1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
P-1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
D-1 0.3 0.15 0.15
D-3 0.3
D-4 0.3
AO-4 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.4
AO-5 0.3 0.15 0.15
AO-6 0.3
"stat.h." >135 130 135 120 125 130 >135 >135 >120[min]
表15
实施例 75 76 77 78 79 80
PVC-1 100 100 100 100 100 100
W-1 49 49 49 49 49 49
白垩 25 25 25 25 50 50
Zn-1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
AO-1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
E-1 - - 5 5 5 5
E-V1 5 5 - - - -
硬酯酸钙 - 0.6 - 0.6 - 0.6
“VDE试验” 24 44 82 72 83 68[min]
当使用一种非端基环氧化物(E-Ⅵ)时,不根据本发明的实施例75和76的稳定性水平低;这可通过加入硬脂酸钙得到改善,但达不到根据本发明所获得的值。
Claims (18)
1、稳定的PVC,含有(a)PVC,(b)一种无机或有机锌化合物及(c)一种端基环氧化合物。
2、按照权利要求1的稳定的PVC,其中(b)为一种有机锌化合物,特别是一种含有7到18个碳原子的羧酸的羧酸锌。
3、按照权利要求1的稳定的PVC,其中(c)为一种含有芳香结构的端基环氧化合物。
4、按照权利要求1的稳定的PVC,其中所用额外的物料选自增塑剂,填料和增强材料,抗氧化剂,多羟基化合物,沸石,水滑石,有机亚磷酸盐,1,3-二酮化合物,二氢吡啶,位阻胺(HALS),光稳定剂,紫外吸收剂,润滑剂,脂肪酸酯,链烷烃,吹塑剂,荧光增白剂,颜料,阻燃剂,抗静电剂,β-氨基丁烯酸酯,磷酸盐,硫代磷酸盐,胶凝剂,过氧化物分解化合物,改性剂以及其它路易斯酸的配位剂。
5、按照权利要求1的稳定的PVC含有(a)PVC,(b)每100份PVC中含有0.001-5.0份一种有机锌化合物,(c)每100份PVC中含有0.1-5.0份一种端基环氧化合物。
6、按照权利要求1的稳定的PVC,其中额外含有白垩。
7、按照权利要求1的稳定的PVC,其中额外含有一种酚抗氧化剂。
8、按照权利要求1的稳定的PVC,其中额外含有一种增塑剂。
9、按照权利要求1的稳定的PVC,其中额外含有一种1,3-二酮化合物。
10、一种稳定剂混合物,含有一种无机或有机锌化合物和一种端基环氧化合物。
11、按照权利要求10的一种稳定剂混合物,含有一种端基环氧化合物,一种有机锌化合物,白垩和一种酚抗氧化剂。
12、按照权利要求10的一种稳定剂混合物,含有一种有机锌化合物,一种端基环氧化合物,白垩,一种酚抗氧化剂,一种1,3-二酮化合物和一种多羟基化合物。
13、按照权利要求10的一种稳定剂混合物,含有一种有机锌化合物,一种端基环氧化合物,白垩,一种酚抗氧化剂,一种1,3-二酮化合物和一种水滑石。
14、按照权利要求10的一种稳定剂混合物,含有一种有机锌化合物,一种端基环氧化合物,白垩,一种酚抗氧化剂,一种1,3-二酮化合物和一种沸石。
15、一种无机或有机锌化合物与一种端基环氧化合物共用用以使PVC稳定的应用。
16、一种制备稳定的PVC的方法,包括通过使用如压延机,混合机,复合机,挤出机等设备将一种根据权利要求10的稳定剂混合物和,(如果需要)其它添加剂与PVC混合。
17、将权利要求1所述的稳定的PVC用于制造可由半硬性或柔性PVC制备的模具的应用。
18、按照权利要求17的应用,用于生产电线包皮,电缆绝缘层,装饰膜,泡沫塑料,农业用膜,管材,焊接型材和办公用膜。
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- 1994-04-07 EP EP94810199A patent/EP0625546B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-07 DE DE59405937T patent/DE59405937D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-07 ES ES94810199T patent/ES2117240T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-07 AT AT94810199T patent/ATE166095T1/de active
- 1994-04-09 TW TW083103115A patent/TW283158B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-04-12 US US08/226,620 patent/US5492949A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-14 CA CA002121305A patent/CA2121305C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-04-14 CZ CZ94899A patent/CZ89994A3/cs unknown
- 1994-04-15 ZA ZA942600A patent/ZA942600B/xx unknown
- 1994-04-15 CN CN94104499A patent/CN1094736A/zh active Pending
- 1994-04-18 JP JP6103317A patent/JPH0711084A/ja active Pending
-
1997
- 1997-07-10 CN CN97114664A patent/CN1176268A/zh active Pending
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102206389A (zh) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-10-05 | 日立电线株式会社 | Pvc母炼胶、树脂组合物和电线、电缆及制造方法 |
CN102206389B (zh) * | 2010-03-29 | 2014-11-26 | 日立金属株式会社 | Pvc母炼胶、树脂组合物和电线、电缆及制造方法 |
CN103540056A (zh) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-29 | 天长市富达电子有限公司 | 一种耐紫外辐射电源线护套料及其制备方法 |
CN105949667A (zh) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-09-21 | 河南师范大学 | 一种β-二酮类有机钡/锌PVC热稳定剂及其制备方法 |
CN105949667B (zh) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-12-08 | 河南师范大学 | 一种β‑二酮类有机钡/锌PVC热稳定剂及其制备方法 |
CN106380730A (zh) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-08 | 安徽宏飞户外用品科技有限公司 | 一种防晒的户外帐篷用pvc皮革及其制备方法 |
CN113227322A (zh) * | 2019-02-04 | 2021-08-06 | 株式会社Adeka | 稳定剂组合物、含有其的氯乙烯系树脂组合物及其成型体 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA942600B (en) | 1995-01-16 |
US5492949A (en) | 1996-02-20 |
CA2121305C (en) | 2003-08-19 |
CN1176268A (zh) | 1998-03-18 |
EP0625546A2 (de) | 1994-11-23 |
EP0625546B1 (de) | 1998-05-13 |
ES2117240T3 (es) | 1998-08-01 |
JPH0711084A (ja) | 1995-01-13 |
EP0625546A3 (de) | 1995-03-01 |
CA2121305A1 (en) | 1994-10-17 |
CZ89994A3 (en) | 1994-11-16 |
TW283158B (zh) | 1996-08-11 |
DE59405937D1 (de) | 1998-06-18 |
ATE166095T1 (de) | 1998-05-15 |
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