NO310925B1 - Stabilisatorkombinasjoner for klorholdige polymerer og anvendelse derav - Google Patents
Stabilisatorkombinasjoner for klorholdige polymerer og anvendelse derav Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO310925B1 NO310925B1 NO19964328A NO964328A NO310925B1 NO 310925 B1 NO310925 B1 NO 310925B1 NO 19964328 A NO19964328 A NO 19964328A NO 964328 A NO964328 A NO 964328A NO 310925 B1 NO310925 B1 NO 310925B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- butyl
- tert
- acid
- bis
- alkyl
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- -1 uracil compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 3
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- VFGRNTYELNYSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-amino-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CN1C(N)=CC(=O)N(C)C1=O VFGRNTYELNYSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000229 (C1-C4)alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- XMWUFSHXXHXXJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-amino-1,3-dibutyl-2-sulfanylidenepyrimidin-4-one Chemical compound CCCCN1C(N)=CC(=O)N(CCCC)C1=S XMWUFSHXXHXXJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RUCRYNNIDGUZSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-amino-1,3-dibutylpyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CCCCN1C(N)=CC(=O)N(CCCC)C1=O RUCRYNNIDGUZSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- AZYPFBHBVLBWIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-amino-1,3-diethyl-2-sulfanylidenepyrimidin-4-one Chemical compound CCN1C(N)=CC(=O)N(CC)C1=S AZYPFBHBVLBWIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WWYIZMBRAYKRFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-amino-1,3-dipropylpyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CCCN1C(N)=CC(=O)N(CCC)C1=O WWYIZMBRAYKRFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical group [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 3
- ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uracil Natural products O=C1C=CNC(=O)N1 ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 229940035893 uracil Drugs 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003884 phenylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 40
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 40
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 11
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 7
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 5
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,9-Nonanediol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCO ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZPIRWAHWDCHWLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylsulfanylethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSCCO ZPIRWAHWDCHWLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- CKPKHTKLLYPGFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,6-dimethylheptane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CC(CCCCC(O)O)(C)C CKPKHTKLLYPGFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- KRADHMIOFJQKEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tri-2-ethylhexyl trimellitate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC)C(C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC)=C1 KRADHMIOFJQKEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical group CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- FPQJEXTVQZHURJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)oxamide Chemical compound OCCNC(=O)C(=O)NCCO FPQJEXTVQZHURJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodiglycol Chemical compound OCCSCCO YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- KXPXKNBDCUOENF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(Octylthio)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSCCO KXPXKNBDCUOENF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PZRWFKGUFWPFID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,9-dioctadecoxy-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane Chemical compound C1OP(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCC21COP(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC2 PZRWFKGUFWPFID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IRIAEXORFWYRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylbenzyl phthalate Chemical group CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 IRIAEXORFWYRCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- SAOKZLXYCUGLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SAOKZLXYCUGLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisononyl phthalate Chemical group CC(C)CCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCC(C)C HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011814 protection agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005591 trimellitate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QBYIENPQHBMVBV-HFEGYEGKSA-N (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H](C(O)=O)c1ccccc1.O[C@@H](C(O)=O)c1ccccc1 QBYIENPQHBMVBV-HFEGYEGKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RIZUCYSQUWMQLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1C RIZUCYSQUWMQLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMNLUUOXGOOLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-mercaptopropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(S)C(O)=O PMNLUUOXGOOLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RXFCIXRFAJRBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,2,3-tetramine Chemical compound NCCCNCCNCCCN RXFCIXRFAJRBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEXOWHQZWLCHHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O YEXOWHQZWLCHHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004156 Azodicarbonamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZVFDTKUVRCTHQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisodecyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC(C)C ZVFDTKUVRCTHQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004908 Emulsion polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004707 phenolate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940031826 phenolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000969 phenyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZPNJBTBYIHBSIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)methanone Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPNJBTBYIHBSIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical class OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003022 phthalic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FYNROBRQIVCIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole-5,6-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)C(=O)N=C21 FYNROBRQIVCIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940114926 stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072958 tetrahydrofurfuryl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NJRXVEJTAYWCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiomalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(S)C(O)=O NJRXVEJTAYWCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiosalicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001147 triclofos Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FICPQAZLPKLOLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexyl phosphite Chemical compound C1CCCCC1OP(OC1CCCCC1)OC1CCCCC1 FICPQAZLPKLOLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCC IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- CNUJLMSKURPSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctadecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CNUJLMSKURPSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNXDCMUUZNIWPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctyl benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCCCCCCC)C(C(=O)OCCCCCCCC)=C1 JNXDCMUUZNIWPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-nonylphenyl) phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)CCCCCCCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDRCVXGINNJWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(6-methylheptyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCCCCC(C)C)C(C(=O)OCCCCCC(C)C)=C1 WDRCVXGINNJWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl methyl ketone Natural products CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC.CCCCN(C([S-])=S)CCCC BOXSVZNGTQTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
- C08K5/151—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having one oxygen atom in the ring
- C08K5/1515—Three-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/014—Stabilisers against oxidation, heat, light or ozone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/005—Stabilisers against oxidation, heat, light, ozone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3442—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having two nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/3462—Six-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
- C08K5/39—Thiocarbamic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. dithiocarbamates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
- Anti-Oxidant Or Stabilizer Compositions (AREA)
- Epoxy Resins (AREA)
Description
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse angår stabilisatorkombinasjoner av en forbindelse med den nedenfor angitte formel I, og minst ett ytterligere stoff fra gruppen av perkloratforbindelser, som egner seg for stabilisering av klorholdige polymerer, spesielt PVC. Oppfinnelsen angår også anvendelsen av en slik stabilisatorkombinasjon.
PVC kan bli stabilisert ved hjelp av en rekke tilsetningsstoffer. Forbindelser av bly, barium og kadmium er godt egnet for dette, men idag er disse omstridte av økologiske grunner eller på grunn av deres tungmetallinnhold (se "Kunstoffadditive", R. Gåch-ter/H.Muller, Carl Hanser Verlag, 3. oppi., 1989, sidene 303-311 og "Kunststoff Hand-buch PVC", bind 2/1, W. Becker/D.Braun, Carl Hanser Verlag, 2.oppl. 1985, sidene 531-538; såvel Kirk-Othmer: "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", 4. Ed., 1994, vol. 12, Heat Stabilizers s. 1071-1091. Man søker således videre etter virksomme sta-bilisatorer og stabilisatorkombinasjoner som er frie for bly, barium og kadmium.
Andre forbindelser som stabiliserer klorholdige polymerer er blant annet beskrevet i EP 354179, US 3,436,362 og US 4,656,209.
Forbindelser med formel I er allerede beskrevet i DE-PS-1 694 873, EP 65934 og EP 41479, og kan bli fremstilt ifølge kjente fremgangsmåter i en eller flere fremgangsmåte-trinn.
Det er nå funnet at man kan kombinere A) forbindelser med formel I
hvor R*] og R<*>2 uavhengig av hverandre står for Cj-C^-alkyl, C3-Cg-alkenyl, ikke-substituert eller med 1 til 3 Cj-C^alkyl-, Cj-C^-alkoksy-, Cs-Cg-cykloalkyl- eller hydroksygrupper eller Cl-atomer substituert C5-Cg-cykloalkyl, ikke-substituert eller i fenylringen med 1 til 3 C j -C4-alkyl-, Cj-C^alkoksy, C5-Cg-cykloalkyl- eller hydroksygrupper eller Cl-atomer substituert Cy-Ccj-fenylalkyl,
og R* i og R* 2 ytterligere kan stå for hydrogen og
Y står for S eller O,
med B) minst en perklaroatforbindelse
for derved å stabilisere klorholdige polymerer, spesielt PVC.
For forbindelser med formelen I, gjelder:
Ci-C4-alkyl står f.eks. for: metyl, etyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-, i-, sec- eller t-butyl.
C]-Ci2-alkyl står f.eks., foruten for en av de ovenfor nevnte restene, for pentyl, heksyl, heptyl, oktyl, 2-etylheksyl, i-oktyl, decyl, nonyl, undecyl eller dodecyl.
C}-C4-alkoksy står f.eks. for metoksy, etoksy, propoksy, isopropoksy, butoksy eller isobutoksy.
C5-Cg-cykloalkyl står f.eks. for cyklopentyl, cykloheksyl, cykloheptyl eller cyklooktyl.
For C7-C9-fenylalkyl dreier det seg eksempelvis om benzyl, 1- eller 2-fenyletyl, 3-fenylpropyl, a,a-dimetylbenzyl eller 2-fenylisopropyl, fortrinnsvis benzyl.
Når cykloalkylgruppen eller fenylgruppen i fenylalkylrestene er substituert, er det fortrinnsvis med to eller en substituent, og av substituentene er først og fremst Cl, hydroksy, metyl eller metoksy foretrukket.
C3-C6-alkenyl står f.eks. for vinyl, allyl, metallyl, 1-butenyl eller 1-heksenyl, fortrinnsvis allyl.
Foretrukket er her forbindelser med formel I, hvor
R* i of R*2 uavhengig av hverandre står for Ci-C4-alkyl og hydrogen. Spesielt foretrukket er både R<*>\ og R<*>2 like og står for metyl, etyl, propyl, butyl eller allyl, eller de er forskjellige og står for etyl og allyl.
Forbindelsene i komponentene A) blir for oppnåelse av stabilisering i klorholdige polymerer hensiktsmessig anvendt med fra 0,01 til 10, fortrinnsvis fra 0,05 til 5, spesielt fra 0,1 til 3 vekt-%.
Forbindelsene B) er som følger:
Per klorat/ or binde Iser
Eksempler er alle med formelen M(C104)n, hvor M står for Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Zn, Al, La eller Ce. Indeksen n er tilsvarende verdien til M 1, 2 eller 3. Perkloratsalter kan danne komplekser med alkoholer (polyoler, cyklodekstriner), eller eteralkoholer hhv. esteralkoholer. Til esteralkoholene regnes også polyolpartialestrene. Ved flerverdige alkoholer eller polyoler kommer også deres dimerer, trimerer, oligomerer og polymerer på tale, som di-, tri-, tetra- og polyglykol, såvel som di-, tri- og tetrapentaerytritt eller polyvinylalkohol i forskjellige polymerisasjonsgrader. Perkloratsaltene kan her bli tilsatt i forskjellige anvendelige leveringsformer; som f.eks. salt eller vandig oppløsning påført på et bæremateriale som PVC, Ca-silikat, zeolitt eller hydrotalcitt, eller bundet ved kjemisk reaksjon i et hydrotalcitt. Som polyolpartialeter er glyceringmonoeter og glycerin-monotioeter foretrukket. Ytterligere utførelsesformer er beskrevet i EP 394547, EP 457471 og WO-94/24200.
Perkloratene kan bli anvendt i en mengde fra eksempelvis 0,001 til 5, hensiktsmessig 0,01 til 3, spesielt foretrukket 0,01 til 2 vekt-deler, foretrukket 100 vekt-deler av PVC.
Opprinnelsens stabilisatorkombinasjon kan bli anvendt sammen med ytterligere tilsetningsstoffer som er vanlige for bearbeiding og stabilisering av klorholdige polymerer som f.eks.:
Sinkforbindelser
Ved de organiske sinkforbindelsene med en Zn-O-forbindelse, dreier det seg om sinkenolater og/eller sinkkarboksylater. Den siste er f.eks. forbindelser fra rekken alifatisk mettede C2-C22-karboksylater, de alifatiske umettede C3-C22_karboksylatene, de alifatiske C2-C22-karboksylatene, som minst er substituert med en OH-gruppe eller dets kjede er avbrutt av minst ett O-atom (oksansyrer), som er cykliske og bicykliske karboksylater med 5-22 C-atomer som er ikke-substituert, substittuert med minst en OH-gruppe og/eller Ci-C^-alkylsubstituerte fenylkarboksylater, fenyl-Ci-Cig-alkyl-karboksylater eller eventuelt med Cj-C^-alkyl substituert fenolat, eller abietinsyre.
Nevnes kan eksempelvis sinksaltene av de monovalente karboksylsyrene som eddiksyre, propionsyre, smørsyre, valerinsyre, heksansyre, heptansyre, oktansyre, neodekansyre, 2-etylheksansyre, pelargonsyre, dekansyre, undekansyre, dodekansyre, tridekansyre, myristylsyre, palmitinsyre, laurylsyre, isostearinsyre, stearinsyre, 12-hydroksystearinsyre, 9,10-dihydroksystearinsyre, oljesyre, 3,6-dioksaheptansyre, 3,6,9-trioksadekansyre, behensyre, benzosyre, p-tert-butylbenzosyre, dimetylhydroksybenzosyre, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzosyre, toluensyre, dimetylbenzosyre, etylbenzosyre, n-propylbenzosyre, salicylsyre, p-tert-oktylsalisylsyre og sorbinsyre; sinksalter av divalente karboksylsyrene hhv. deres monoester, som oksylsyre, malonsyre, ravsyre, glutarsyre, adipinsyre, fumarsyre, pentan-l,5-dikarboksylsyre, heksan-l,6-dikarboksylsyre, heptan-1,7-dikarboksylsyre, oktan-1,8-dikarboksylsyre, 3,6,9-trioksadekan-1,10-dikarboksylsyre, melkesyre, malonsyre, maleinsyre, vinsyre, mandelsyre, mandelsyre, eplesyre, glykolsyre, oksalsyre, salisylsyre, polyglykol-dikarboksylsyre (n=10-12), ftalsyre, isoftalsyre, tereftalsyre og hydroksytfalsyre; og di- eller triesteren av tri- eller tetravalente karboksylsyrer som hemimellittsyre, trimellittsyre, pyromelittsyre, sitronsyre såvel som videre såkalte overbasiske (overbased) sinkarboksylater.
Ved sink-enolatene dreier det seg foretrukket om enolater av acetylaceton, benzoyl-aceton, dibenzoylmetan såvel som om enolater av aceteddik- og benzoyleddikester såvel som dehydroacetsyren. Dessuten kan også uorganiske sinkforbindelser som sinkoksyd, sinkhydroksyd, sinksulfid eller sinkkarbonat komme til anvendelse.
Foretrukket er sinkkarboksylater av en karboksylsyre med 7 til 25 C-atomer (sinksåper), som eksempelvis benzoater eller alkanoater, foretrukket Cg-alkanoater, stearat, oleat, laurat, palmitat, behenat, versatat, hydroksystearat, dihydroksystearat, p-tert-butylbenzo-at eller (iso)oktanoat. Spesielt foretrukket er stearat, oleat, versatat, benzoat, p-tert-bu-tylbenzoat og 2-etylheksanoat.
Foruten de nevnte sinkforbindelsene kommer også organiske aluminiumforbindelser i betraktning, som har en metall-O-binding. Til de anvendbare aluminiumforbindelsene hører karboksylater.
De beskrevne metallsåpene hhv. deres blandinger, kan bli tilsatt i en mengde fra eksempelvis 0,001 til 10, hensiktsmessig 0,01 til 5, foretrukket 0,01 til 3 vekt-deler for hver 100 vekt-deler klorholdig polymer.
Stabilisatorkombinasjonen kan bli utstyrt med ytterligere stabiliserings-, hjelpe- og bearbeidingshjelpemidler, som f.eks. alkali- og jordalkaliforbindelser, myknere, pigmenter, fyllstoffer, fosfitter, tiofosfitter, videre kan det tilsettes UV-absorbenter og lysbeskyttelsesmidler, optiske lysnere, slagfasthetsmodifikatorer og bearbeidingshjelpemidler, geleringsmidler, antistatika, biocider, metalldesaktivatorer, flammebeskyttelses-og drivmidler, såvel som antifoggingsmidler (se "Handbook og PVC-Formulating" av E.J. Wickson, JohnWiley & Sons, New York 1993).
Ikke innskrenkende kan her noen kjente tilsetninger og bearbeidingshjelpemidler nevnes:
Alkali og jordalkaliforbindelser:
Under dette forstår man først og fremst karboksylatene av de ovenfor beskrevne syrene, men også tilsvarende oksyder hhv. hydroksyd eller (hydrogen) karbonater. Også deres blandinger med organiske syrer er aktuelle. Eksempler er NaOH, Na-stearat, Na-bikarbonat, KOH, K-stearat, K-bikarbonat, LiOH, Li2C03, Li-stearat, CaO, Ca(OH2), MgO, Mg(OH)2, Mg-stearat, CaC03, MgC03 og dolomitt, huntitt, kritt, basisk Mg-karbonat såvel som andre fettsyrer Na- og K-salter.
Ved jordalkali- og Zn-karboksylater kan også deres addukter med MO eller M(OH)2 (M = Ca, Mg, Sr eller Zn), såkalte "overbasede" forbindelser komme til anvendelse.
Foretrukket blir det ytterligere til oppfinnelsens stabilisatorkombinasjoner tilsatt alkali-, jordalkali- og/eller aluminiumkarboksylater.
Ytterligere metallstabilisatorer: Her kan først og fremst nevnes alle organotinnstabilisa-torene. Spesielt kan det dreie seg om karboksylater, merkaptider og sulfider. Eksempler på egnede forbindelser er beskrevet i US 4.743.640.
Glidemiddel
Som glidemiddel kommer eksempelvis i betraktning:
Montanvoks, fettsyreester, PE-vokser, amidvokser, klorparaffin, glyserinester eller jordalkalisåper. Anvendbare glidemidler er også beskrevet i "Kunststoffadditive", R. Gåchter/HMuller, Carl Hanser Verlag, 3. oppi., 1989, sidene 478-488. Nevnes kan dessuten fettketoner (som beskrevet i DE 4204887) såvel som glidemiddel på silikon-basis (som beskrevet i EP 225261) eller kombinasjoner derav, som angitt i EP 259783.
Myknere
Aktuelle som organiske myknere er eksempelvis slike fra de følgende grupper:
A) Ftalsyreester:
Eksempler på slike myknere er dimetyl-, dietyl-, dibutyl-, diheksyl-, di-2-etyl-heksyl-, di-n-oktyl-, di-iso-oktyl-, di-iso-nonyl-, di-iso-decyl-, di-iso-tridecyl-, dicykloheksyl-, di-metylcykloheksyl-, dimetylglykol-, dibutylglykol-, benzylbutyl-og difenyl-ftalat såvel som blandinger av ftalater som C7-C9- og Cg- C\\-alkylftalater av overveiende lineære alkoholer, Cg.Cio-n-alkylftalat og Cg-C]o-n-alkylftalat. Foretrukket av disse er dibutyl-, diheksyl-, di-2-etylheksyl-, di-n-oktyl-, di-iso-oktyl-, di-iso-nonyl-, di-iso-decyl-, di-iso-tridecyl- og benzylbutyl-ftalat såvel som de nevnte blandingene av alkylftalater. Spesielt foretrukket er di-2-etylheksyl-, di-iso-nonyl- og di-iso-decylftalat, som også er kjent under de benyttede forkortelsene DOP (dioctylftalat, di-2-etylheksyl-ftalat), DINP (diiso-nonylftalat), DIDP (diisodecylftalat).
B) Ester av alifatiske dikarboksylsyrer, spesielt ester av adipin-, azelain- og sebazinsyre.
Eksempler på slike myknere er di-2-etylheksyladipat, di-isooktyladipat (blanding), di-iso-nonyladipat (blanding), di-iso-decyladipat (blanding), benzylbutyladipat, benzyloktyladipat, di-2-etylheksylazelat, di-2-etylheksylsebakat og di-iso-decylsebakat (blanding). Foretrukket er di-2-etylheksyladipat og di-isooktyladipat.
C) Trimellittsyreester,
eksempelvis tri-2-etylheksyltrimellittat, tri-iso-decyltrimellittat (blanding), tri-iso-tridecyltrimellitat, tri-iso-oktyltrimellitat (blanding) såvel som tri-Cg-Cg-alkyl, tri-C6-C]o-alkyl-, tri-C7-C9-alkyl- og tri-C9-Cj j-alkyl-trimellittat. Det sistnevnte trimellittatet dannes ved forestring av trimellittsyre med de tilsvarende
alkanolblandingene. Foretrukne trimellittater er tri-2-etylheksyltrimellittat og de nevnte trimellittatene av alkanolblandinger. Anvendelige forkortelser er TOTM (trioktyltrimellittat, tri-2-etylheksyl-trimellittat) TID TM (triisodecyl-trimellittat) og TITDTM (triisotridecyltrimellittat).
D) Epoksymykner
I hovedsak er dette epoksyderte umettede fettsyrer som f.eks. epoksydert sojabønneolje.
E) Polymermykner
En definisjon av disse myknerne og eksempler på slike, kan finnes i "Kunststoffadditive", R. Gåchter/H. Muller, Carl Hanser Verlag, 3.oppi., 1989, kapittel 5.9.6, sidene 412-415, såvel som i "PVC Technology", W.V. Titow, 4. Ed., Elsevier Publ. 1984., sidene 165-170. De mest anvendelige utgangsmaterialer for fremstillingen av polyestermyknere er: Dikarboksylsyrer som adipin-, ftal-, azelain- og sebacinsyre; dioler som l,2-propanodio„ 1,3-butandiol, 1,4-butandiol, 1,6-heksandiol, neopentylglykol og dietylenglykol.
F) Fosforsyreester
En definisjon på denne ester er å finne i den ovenforstående nevnte "Taschenbuch der Kunststoffadditive", kapittel 5.9.5, s. 408-412. Eksempler på slike fosforsyreestere er tributylfosfat, tri-2-etylbutylfosfat, tri-2-etylheksylfosfat, trikloretylfosfat, 2-etyl-heksyl-di-fenylfosfat, kresyldifenylfosfat, trifenylfosfat, trikresylfosfat og trixylenfosfat. Foretrukket er tri-2-etylheksyl-fosfat såvel som 50 og 95 (Ciba-Geigy).
G) Klorerte hydrokarboner (paraffiner)
H) Hydrokarboner
I) Monoester, f.eks. butyloleat, fenoksyetyloleat, tetrahydrofurfuryloleat og
alkylsulfonsyreester.
J) Glykolester, f.eks. diglykolbenzoat.
Definisjoner og eksempler på myknere for gruppene G) til J) er å finne i de følgende håndbøkene: "Kunststoffadditive", R. Gåchter/H.Miiller, Carl Hanser Verlag, 3.oppi., 1989, kapittel 5.9.14.2, s. 422-425, (gruppe G99 og kapittel 5.9.14.1, s. 422, (gruppe H).
"PVC Technology", W. V. Titow, 4. Ed., Elsevier Publishers, 1984, kapittel 6.10.2, sidene 171-173, (gruppe G), kapittel 6.10.5 side 174, (gruppe H), kapittel 6.10.3, side 173, (gruppe I) og kapittel 6.10.4, sidene 173-174 (gruppe J).
Det kan også bli anvendt blandinger av forskjellige myknere.
Myknerne kan bli anvendt i en mengde fra eksempelvis 5 til 120, hensiktsmessig 10 til 100 og spesielt 20 til 70 vekt-deler, for hver 100 vekt-deler PVC.
Pigmenter
Egnede stoffer er kjent for fagmannen. Eksempler på uorganiske pigmenter er Ti02, sot, Fe203, Sb2C>3, (Ti,Ba,Sb)02, Cr203, spineller som koboltblå og koboltgrønn, Cd(S,Se), ultramarinblå. Organiske pigmenter er f.eks. azopigmenter, ftalao-cyaninpig-menter, chinakridonpigmenter, perylenpigmenter, diketo-pyrrolopyrrolpigmenter og antrachininpigmenter. Foretrukket er TiC>2 også i mikronisert form.
Definisjon og ytterligere beskrivelser kan finnes i "Handbook of PVC Formulating", EJ.Wickson, John Wiley & Sons, New York 1993.
Fyllstoffer
Fyllstoffer (HANDBOOK OF PVC FORMULATING E J.Wickson John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1993 s. 393-449) og forsterkningsmiddel (TASCHENBUCH av KA'e R.Gåchter & H.Muller, Carl Hanser, 1990, s. 549-6159 (som eksempelvis kalsiumkarbonat, dolomitt, wollastonitt, magnesiumoksyd, magnesiumhydroksyd, silikat, glassfibere, talk, kaolin, kritt, glimmer, metalloksyd og -hydroksyd, rust eller grafitt).
Kritt er foretrukket.
Fosfitt
Eksempler er trifenylfosfitt, difenylalkylfosfitt, fenyldialkylfosfitt, tris-(nonylfenyl)-fosfitt, trilaurylfosfitt, trioktadecylfosfitt, distearyl-pentaerytrittdifosfitt, tris-(2,4-di-tert-butyl-fenyl)-fosfitt, diisodecylpentaerytritt-difosfitt, bis-(2,4-di-tert-butylfenyl)-pentaerytrittdifosfitt, bis-(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-metylfenyl)-pentaerytrittdifosfitt, bis-isodecyl-oksy-pentaerytrittdifosfitt, bis-(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-metylfenyl)-pentaerytrittdifosfitt, bis-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylfenyl)-pentaerytrittdifosfitt, tristearyl-sorbitt-trifosfitt, bis-(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-metylfenyl)-metylfosfitt, bis-(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-metylfenyl)-etylfosfitt.
Spesielt egnet er trioktyl-, tridecyl-, tridodecyl-, tritetradecyl, tristearyl-, trioleyl-, tri-fenyl-, trikresyl-, tris-p-nonylfenyl- eller tricykloheksylfosfitt og spesielt foretrukket er aryl-dialkyl- såvel som alkyl-diaryl-fosfitt, som f.eks. fenyldidecyl-, (2,4-di-tert-butyl-fenyl)-di-dodecylfosfitt, (2,6-di-tert-butylfenyl)-di-dodecylfosfitt og dialkyl- og diaryl-pentaerytritt-difosfitt, som distearylpentaerytritt-difosfitt, såvel som ikke-støkiometrisk triarylfosfitt, f.eks. sammensetningen (Hi9C9-C6H4)Oi5P(OCi2,13<H>25j7)l,5.
Foretrukne organiske fosfitter er distearyl-pentaerytritt-difosfitt, trisnonylfenylfosfitt og fenyl-didecyl-fosfitt.
De organiske fosfittene kan bli tilsatt i en mengde fra eksempelvis 0,01 til 10, hensiktsmessig 0,05 til 5 og spesielt 0,1 til 3 vekt-deler, foretrukket 100 vekt-deler av PVC. Videre kan stabilisatorkombinasjonen inneholde tiofosfitter, tiofosfater, mekapto-karboksylsyreestere, epoksyderte fettsyreestere, antioksydanter, UV-absorbere og lysbeskyttelsesmidler.
Under tiofosfitter hhv. tiofosfater blir det forstått forbindelser av den generelle typen: (RS)3P, (RS)3P=0 hhv. (RS)3P=S som beskrevet i patentskriftene DE 28.09.492 og EP 090.770 og EP 573.394.
Eksempler på disse forbindelsene er: Tritioheksylfosfitt,
tritiooktylfosfitt, tritio-layrylfosfitt, tritiobenzylfosfitt,
tritiofosforsyre-tris-(karbo-i-oktyloksy)-metyl-ester,
tritiofosforsyre-tris-(karbo-trimetylcykloheksyloksy)-metylester, tritio-fosforsyre-S, S, S-tris-(karbo-i-oktyloksy)-metylester,
tritiofosforsyre-S,S,S-tris-(karbo-2-etylheksyloksy)-metylester, tritiofosforsyre-S, S, S-tris-1 -(karbo-heksyloksy)-etylester,
tritiofosforsyre-S,S,S-tris-1 -(karbo-2-etylheksyloksy)-etylester, tritiofosforsyre-S, S, S-tris-2-(karbo-2-etylheksyloksy)-etylester.
Under merkaptokarboksylsyreester forstår for eksempel disse forbindelsene: Ester av tioglykolsyre, tioeplesyre, merkaptopropionsyre, merkaptobenzosyre hhv. tiomelkesyre som beskrevet i patentene FR 2 459 816, EP 90748, FR 2 552 440, EP 365483. De generelle merkaptokarboksylsyre-estere omfatter også polyolester hhv. deres partialestere.
Oppfinnelsens stabilisatorkombinasjon kan ytterligere inneholde minst en epoksydert fettsyreester. Her kommer først og frems alle estere av fettsyrer av natrulige kilder (fettsyreglycerider), som sojaolje eller rapsolje i betrakning. Det kan også komme til anvendelse syntetiske produkter som epoksyderte butyloleat.
Som antioksydanter kommer eksempelvis slike i betraktning:
1. Alkyleite monofenoler. f.eks. 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-metylfenyl, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimetylfenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-etylfenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylfenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-iso-butylfenol, 2,6-di-cyklopentyl-4-metylfenol, 2-(a-metylcykloheksyl)-4,6-dimetylfenol, 2,6-di-oktadecyl-4-metylfenol, 2,4,6-tri-cykloheksyl-fenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-metoksymetylfenol, 2,6-di-nonyl-4-metylfenol, 2,4-dimetyl-6-( 1 '-metyl-undec-1 '-yl)-fenol, 2,4-dimetyl-6-( 1 '-metyl-heptadec-1 '-yl)-fenol, 2,4-dimetyl-6-(r-metyl-tridec-l'-yl)-fenol, oktylfenol, nonylfenol, dodecyl-fenol og blandinger derav. 2. Alkyltiometylfenol, f.eks. 2,4-di-oktyltiometyl-6-tert.butylfenol, 2,4-di-oktyltio-metyl-6-metylfenol, 2,4-di-oktyltiometyl-6-etylfenol, 2,6-di-dodecyltiometyl-4-nonylfenol. 3. Alkylerte hydrochinoner, f.eks. 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-metoksyfenyl, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-hydrochinon, 2,5-di-tert-amyl-hydrochinon, 2,6-difenyl-4-okta-decyloksy-fenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-hydrochinon, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyanisol, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyanisol, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyl-stearat, bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)adipat. 4. Hydroksvlerte tiodifen<y>leter, f.eks. 2,2'-tio-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-metylfenol), 2,2'-tio-bis-(4-oktylfenol), 4,4'-tio-bis-(6-tert-butyl-3 -metylfenol), 4,4'-tio-bis-(6-tert-butyl-2-metylfenol), 4,4'-tio-bis-(3,6-di-sec.-amylfenol), 4,4'-bis-(2,6-dimetyl-4-hy droksyfenyl)-disulfid. 5. Alkyliden- bisfenol. f.eks. 2,2'-metylen-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-metylfenol), 2,2'-metylen-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-etylfenol), 2,2'-metylen-bis-[4-metyl-6-(a-metylcykloheksyl)-fenol], 2,2'-metylen-bis-(4-metyl-6-cykloheksylfenol), 2,2'-metylen-bis-(6-nonyl-4-metylfenol), 2,2'-metylen-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butylfenol), 2,2-etyliden-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butylfenol), 2,2'-etyliden-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylfenol), 2,2'-metylen-bis-[6-(a-metylbenzyl)-4-nonylfenol), 2,2'-metylen-bis-[6- (a,a-dimetylbenzyl)-4-nonylfenol], 4,4'-metylen-bis-(2,6-di-tert-butylfenol), 4,4'-metylen-bis-(6-tert-butyl-2-metylfenol), 1,1 -bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-2-metylfenyl)-butan, 2,6-bis-(3-tert-butyl-5-metyl-2-hydroksybenzyl)-4-metylfenol, 1,1,3-tris-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-2-metylfenyl)-butan, 1,1 ,-bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-2-metyl-fenyl)-3-n-dodecylmerkaptobutan, etylenglykol-bis-[3,3-bis-(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroksyfenyl)-butyrat), bis-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-5-metyl-fenyl)-di-cyklopentadien, bis-[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroksy-5'-metyl-benzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-metyl-fenyl)-tereftalat, l,l-bis-(3,5-dimetyl-2-hydroksyfenyl)-butan, 2,2-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)-propan, 2,2-bis-(4-hydroksyfenyl)-propan, 2,2-bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-2-metylfenyl)-4-n-dodecylmerkapto-butan,
l,l,5,5-tetra-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-2-metylfenyl)-pentan.
6. Benzylforbindelser. f.eks. 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroksydibenzyleter, oktadecyl-4-hydroksy-3,5-dimetylbenzyl-merkaptoacetat, tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)-amin, bis-(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroksy-2,6-dimetylbenzyl)-ditio-tereftalat, bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)-sulfid, isooktyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzylmerkaptoacetat. 7. Hydroksybenzylerte malonater. f.eks. dioktadecyl-2,2-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroksybenzyl)-malonat, di-oktadecyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-5-metyl-benzyl)-malonat, di-dodecylmerkaptoetyl-2,2-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)-malonat, di-[4-(l, 1,3,3-tetrametylbutyl)-fenyl]-2,2-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)-malonat. 8. Hydroksybenzyl- aromater. f.eks. l,3,5-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimetylbenzen, 1,4-bis-(3,5 -di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetra-metylbenzen, 2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)-fenol. 9. Triazinforbindelser, f.eks. 2,4-bis-oktylmerkapto-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-anilin)-1,3,5 -triazin, 2-oktylmerkapto-4,6-bis-(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyani-lin)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-oktylmerkapto-4,6-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenoksy)-1,3,5-triazin, 2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenoksy)-1,2,3-triazin, 1,3,5-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)-isocyanurat, 1,3,5-tris-(4-tert-butyl-3 - hydroksy-2,6-di-metylbenzyl)-isocyanurat, 2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-fenyletyl)-1,3,5 -triazin, 1,3,5 -tris-(3,5 -di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyl-propionyl)-heksahydro-1,3,5 -triazin, 1,3,5 -tris-(3,5 -dicykloheksyl-4-hydroksybenzyl)-isocyanurat. 10. Fosfonater og fosfonitter. f.eks. dimetyl-2,5-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzylfosfonat, dietyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzylfosfonat, dioktadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-benzylfosfonat, dioktadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-3-metyl-benzylfosfonat, Ca-salt av 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl-fosfonsyre-mono-etylester, tetrakis-(2,4-di-tert-butylfenyl)-4,4'-bifenylendifosfonitt, 6-isooktylok-sy-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12H-dibenz[d,g]-l,3,2-dioksafosfocin, 6-fluor-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-metyl-dibenz[d,g]-l,3,2-dioksafosfocin. 11. Acylaminofenol, f.eks. 4-hydroksy-laurinsyreanilid, 4-hydroksysteairnsyreanilid,
N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenyl)-karbaminsyreoktylester.
12. Ester av B- D. 5- di- tetr- butyl- 4- hydroksyfenylVpropionsyre med en- eller flerverdige alkoholer som f.eks. med metanol, etanol, oktanol, oktadekanol, 1,6-heksandiol, 1,9-nonandiol, etylengylkol, 1,2-propandiol, neopentylglykol, tiodietylenglykol, dietylenglykol, trietylenglykol, pentaerytritt, dipentaerytritt, tris-(hydroksyetyl)-isocyanurat, N,N'-bis-(hydroksyetyl)-oksalsyrediamid, 3 -tiaunde-kanol, 3-tiapentadekanol, tri-metylheksandiol, trimetylolpropan, di-trimetylolpropan, 4-hydroksymetyl-l-fosfat-2,6,7-trioksabicyklo-[2.2.2]-oktan. 13. Ester av 13-(, 5- tert- butyl- 4- hydroksy- 3- metylfenylVpropionsyre med en- eller flerverdige alkoholer, som f.eks. med metanol, etanol, oktanol, oktadekanol, 1,6-heksandiol, 1,9-nonandiol, etylenglykol, 1,2-propandiol, neopentylglykol, tiodietylenglykol, dietylenglykol, trietylenglykol, pentaerytritt, tris-(hydroksy)etyl-isocyanurat, N,N'-bis-(hydroksyetyl)-oksalsyrediamid, 3-tia-undekanol, 3-tia-pentdekanol, trimetylheksandiol, trimetylolpropan, 4-hydroksymetyl-l-fosfat-2,6,7-trioksabicyklo-[2.2.2]-oktan. 14. Ester av fi- O. 5- dicykloheksyl- 4- hydroksyfeny0- propionsyre med en- eller flerverdige alkoholer, som f.eks. med metanol, etanol, oktanol, oktadekanol, 1,6-heksandiol, 1,9-nonandiol, etylenglykol, 1,2-propandiol, neopentylglykol, tiodietylenglykol, dietylenglykol, trietylenglykol, pentaerytritt, tris-(hydroksy)etyl-isocyanurat, N,N'-bis-(hydroksyetyl)-oksalsyrediamid, 3-tia-undekanol, 3-tiapentadekanol, trimetylheksandiol, trimetylolpropan, 4-hydroksymetyl-l-fosfat-2,6,7-trioksabicyklo-[2.2.2]-oktan. 15. Ester av 3. 5- di- tert- butyl- 4- hydroksyfenyleddiksyre med en- eller flerverdige alkoholer, som f.eks. med metanol, etanol, oktanol, oktadekanol, 1,6-heksandiol, 1,9-nonandiol, etylenglykol, 1,2-propandiol, neopentylglykol, tiodietylenglykol, dietylenglykol, trietylenglykol, pentaerytritt, tris-(hydroksy)etyl-isocyanurat, N,N'-bis-(hydroksyetyl)-oksalsyrediamid, 3 -tia-undekanol, 3 -tiapentadekanol, trimetylheksandiol, trimetylolpropan, 4-hydroksymetyl-l -fosfat-2,6,7-trioksabi-cyklo-[2.2.2]-oktan. 16. Amider av B-( 3. 5- di- tert- butyl- 4- hydroksyfenyn- propionsyre. som f.eks. N,N'-bis-(3,5 -di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylpropionyl)-heksametylendiamin, N,N'-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylpropionyl)-trimetylendiamin, N,N'-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylpropionyl)-hydrazin.
Foretrukket er antioksydanter fra gruppen 1-5, 10 og 12, spesielt 2,2-bis-(4-hydroksy-fenyl)-propan, ester av 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksyfenylpropionsyre med oktanol, oktadekanol eller pentaerytritt eller tris-(2,4-di-tert-butylfenyl)-fosfitt.
Eventuelt kan det også bli tilsatt en blanding av antioksydanter av forskjellig struktur.
Antioksydantene kan bli anvendt i en mengde fra eksempelvis 0,01 til 10, hensiktsmessig 0. 1 til 10 og spesielt 0,1 til 5 vekt-deler, for hver 100 vekt-deler PVC.
Eksempler på UV-absorber og lysbeskyttelsesmidler er:
1. 2-( 2'- hydroksyfenylVbenztriazol. som f.eks. 2-(2'-hydroksy-5'-metylfenyl)-benztriazol, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroksyfenyl)-benztriazol, 2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroksyfenyl)-benztriazol, 2-(2'-hydroksy-5'-(l,l,3,3-tetrametylbutyl)fenyl)-benztriazol, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroksyfenyl)-5-klor-benztriazol, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroksy-5'-metylfenyl)-5-klor-benztriazoi, 2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroksyfenyl)-benztriazol, 2-(2'-hydroksy-4'-oktoksyfenyl)-benztriazol, 2-(3',5'-di-tetr-amyl-2'-hydroksyfenyl)-benztriazol, 2-(3',5'-bis-(a,a-dimetylbenzyl)-2'-hydroksyfenyl)-benztriazol, blanding av 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroksy-5'-(2-oktyloksykarbonyletyl)fenyl)-5-klor-benztriazol, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-etyl-heksyloksy)-karbonyletyl]-2'-hydroksyfenyl)-5-klor-benztriazol, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroksy-5'-(2-metoksykarbonyletyl)fenyl)-5-klor-benztriazol, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroksy-5'-(2-metoksykarbonyletyl)-fenyl)-benztriazol, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroksy-5'-(2-oktyloksykarbonyletyl)fenyl)-benztriazol, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-etylheksyloksy)karbonyletyl)-2'-hydroksyfenyl)-benztriazol, 2-(3'-dodecyl-2'-hydroksy-5'-metylfenyl)-benztriazol og 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2,-hydroksy-5'-(2-isooktyloksykarbonyletyl)fenyl-benztriazol, 2,2'-metylen-bis[4-(l, 1,3,3-tetrametylbutyl)-6-benztriazol-2-yl-fenol]; omestringsprodukt av 2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-metoksykarbonyletyl)-2'-hydroksy-fenyl)-benztriazol med polyetylenglykol
300; med R = 3'-tert-butyl-4,-hydroksy-5'-2H-benztriazol-2-yl-fenyl.
2. 2- hydroksvbenzofenon. som f.eks. 4-hydroksy-, 4-metoksy-, 4-oktoksy-, 4-decyloksy-, 4-dodecyloksy-, 4-benzyloksy-, 4,2',4-trihydroksy-, 2'-hydroksy-4,4'-dimetoksy-derivatet. 3. Ester av eventuelt substituerte benzosyrer, som f.eks. 4-tert-butyl-fenylsalicylat, fenylsalicylat, oktylfenyl-salicylat, dibenzoylresorcin, bis-(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)-resorcin, benzoylresorcin, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzosyre-2,4-di-tert-butylfenylester, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzosyreheksadecylester, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzo syre-oktadecylester, 3,5 -di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksy-benzosyre-2-metyl-4,6-di-tert-butylfenylester. 4. Akrylater, som f.eks. a-cyan-b,b-difenylakrylasyre-etylester hhv. a-isooktylester, a-karbometoksy-kanelsyremetylester, a-karbometoksy-p-metoksy-kanelsyremetylester, N-(b-karbometoksy-b-cyanovinyl)-2-metyl-indolin. 5. Nikkelforbindelser. som f.eks. nikkelkomplekser av 2,2'-tio-bis-[4-(l,1,3,3-tetrametylbutyl)-fenol], som 1:1- eller 1:2-komplekset, eventuelt med ytterligere ligander som n-butylamin, trietanolamin eller N-cykloheksyl-dietanolamin, nikkel-dibutylditiokarbamat, nikkelsaker av 4-hydroksy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl-fosfonsyre-monoalkylestere, som av metyl- eller etylester, nikkelkomplekser av ketoksimer som av 2-hydroksy-4-metyl-fenyl-undecylketoksim, nikkelkomplekser
av l-fenyl-4-lauroyl-5-hydroksy-pyrazoler, eventuelt med ytterligere ligander.
6. Sterisk hindrede aminer, som f.eks. bis-(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-piperidyl), sebacat, bis-(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-piperidyl)-suksinat, bis-(l,2,26,6-pentametylpiperidyl)-sebacat, n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroksybenzyl-malonsyre-bis(l,2,6,6-penta-metylpiperidyl)-ester, kondensasjonsprodukt av l-hydroksyetyl-2,2,6,6-tetra-metyl-4-hydroksypiperidin og ravsyre, kondensasjonsprodukt av N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)-heksametylendiamin og 4-tert-oktylamino-2,6-diklor-l,3,5-s-triazin, tris-(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)-nitrilotriacetat, tetra-kis-(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)-l,2,3,4-butantetraoat, l,l'-(l,2-etandiyl)-bis-(3,3,5,5-tetrametyl-piperazinon), 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidin, 4-stearyl-oksy-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidin, bis-(l,2,2,6,6-pentametylpiperidyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(2-hydroksy-3,5-di-tert-butyl-benzyl)-malonat, 3-n-oktyl-7,7,9,9-tetrametyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4,5]dekan2,4-dion, bis-(l-oktyloksy-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperi-dyl)-sebacat, bis-(l-oktyloksy-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidyl)-suksinat, kondensasjonsprodukt av N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)-heksametylendiamin og 4-morfolino-2,6-diklor-l,3,5-triazin, kondensasjonsprodukt av 2-klor-4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidyl)-l,3,5-triazin og l,2-bis-(3-aminopro-pylamino)etan, kondensasjonsprodukt av 2-klor-4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentametylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazin og 1,2-bis-(3-aminopropylamino)-etan, 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetrametyl-l,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]dekan-2,4-dion, 3-dodecyl-l-(2,2,6,6-tetrametyl-4-piperidyl)-pyrrolidin-2,5-dion, såvel som
Chimassorb966.
7. Oksalsvrediamid. som f.eks. 4,4'-di-oktyloksy-oksanilid, 2,2'-di-oktyloksy-5,5'-di-tert-butyl-oksanilid, 2,2'-di-dodecyloksy-5,5'-di-tert-butyl-oksanilid, 2-etoksy-2'-etyl-oksanilid, N,N'-bis-(3-dimetylaminopropyl)-oksalamid, 2-etoksy-5-tert-butyl-2'-etyloksanilid og dets blanding med 2-etoksy-2'-etyl-5,6'-di-tert-butyl-oksanilid, blanding av o- og p-metoksy- såvel som av o- og p-etoksy-di-substituerte
oksanilider.
8. 2-( 2- hydroksyfenylV 1. 3. 5- triazin, som f.eks. 2,4,6-tris-(2-hydroksy-4-oktyloksy-fenyl)-1,3,5 -triazin, 2-(2-hydroksy-4-oktyloksyfenyl)-4,6-bis-(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2,4-dihydroksyfenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2,4-bis(2-hydroksy-4-propyloksyfenyl)-6-(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-hydroksy-4-oktyloksyfenyl)-4,6-bis(4-metylfenyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-(2-hydroksy-4-dodecyloksyfenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-l,3,5-triazin, 2-[2-hydroksy-4-(2-hydr oksy-3 -butyloksy-propyloksy)fenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetylfenyl)-1,3,5 -triazin, 2-[2-hydroksy-4-(2-hydroksy-3-oktyloksy-propyloksy)fenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimetyl-fenyl)-l,3,5-triazin.
Stabilisatorkombinasjonen omfatter et drivmiddel som for eksempel organiske azo- og hydrazoforbindelser, tetrazol, oksazin, isatosyreanhydrid, såvel som soda og natriumbikarbonat. Foretrukket er azodikarbonamid og natriumbikarbonat såvel som deres blandinger.
Definisjoner og eksempel på slagfasthetsmodifikatorer og bearbeidingshjelpemidler, geleringsmiddel, antistatika, biocider, metalldesaktivatorer, optiske lysnere, flamme-beskyttelsesmiddel såvel som antifoggingsmidler er beskrevet i "Kunststoffadditive", R.Gåchter/H.Mtxller, Carl Hanser Verlag, 3.oppi. 1989, og "Handbook of polyvinyl Cloride Formulating" EJ.Wilson, J. Wiley & Sons, 1993. Slagstyrkemodifikatorer er dessuten utførlig beskrevet i "Impact Modifiers for PCV", J.T.Lutz/D.L.Dunkelberger, John Wiley & Sons, 1992.
Stabilisatorkombinasjonen kan ikke kun fremstilles ved sammenblanding av komponenter i de egnede apparater, men kan også fremstilles ved at en del av de ytterligere komponenter før tilsetning av komponenten A) fremstilles in situ i en smelte av glidemidler og/eller metallsåper. Disse metodene egner seg spesielt for in- situ-fremstilling av kalsiumacetylacetonat (se EP 336289).
Eksempler på de klorholdige polymerene eller deres recylater som skal stabiliseres, er: Polymerer av vinylklorid, vinylharpiks, inneholdende vinylkloridenheter i deres struktur, som kopolymerer av vinylklorid og vinylester av alifatiske syrer, spesielt vinylacetat, kopolymerer av vinylklorid med esterne av akryl- og metakrylsyre og med akrylnitril, kopolymerer av vinylklorid med dienforbindelser og umettede dikarboksylsyrer eller deres anhydrid, som kopolymerer med vinylklorid med dietylmaleat, dietylfumarat eller maleinsyreanhydrid, etterklorerte polymerer og kopolymerer av vinylklorid, kopolymerer av vinylklorid og vinylidenklorid med umettet aldehyder, ketoner og andre, som akrolein, krotonaldehyd, vinylmetylketon, vinylmetyleter, vinylisobutyleter og lignende; polymerer av vinylidenklorid og kopolymerer med den samme vinylklorid og andre polymeriserbare forbindelser; polymerer av vinylkloracetat og diklordivinyleter; klorerte polymerer av vinylacetat, klorerte polymeriske ester av akrylsyre og den alfa-substituerte akrylsyren; polymerer av klorerte styroler, for eksempel diklorstyren; klorerte polymerer av etylen; polymerer og etterklorerte polymerer av klorbutadien og deres kopolymerer med vinylklorid; såvel som blandinger av de nevnte polymerer seg i mellom eller med andre polymeriserbare forbindelser.
Videre omfattet er podepolymerisatene av PVC med etylen/vinylacetat (EVA), akrylnitril/butadien/styren (ABS) og metylmetakrylat/butadien/styren (MBS). Foretrukne substrater er også blandinger av de ovenforstående nevnte homo- og kopolymerisatene, spesielt vinylklorid-homopolymerisat med andre termoplastiske eller/og elastomere polymerer, spesielt blandinger med ABS, MBS, akrylnitril/butadien (NBR), styren/akrylnitril (SAN), EVA, klorert polyetylen (CPE), metylakrylat/butadien/styren (MBAS), polyakrylat (PMA), polymetylenmetakrylat (PMMA), etylen/propylen (EPDM) og polylaktoner.
Videre foretrukket er suspensjons- og massepolymerer, såvel som emulsjonspolymerer.
Som klorholdig polymerisat er polyvinylklorid spesielt foretrukket, spesielt suspensjons-polymerisat og massepolymerisat.
Innen rammen av foreliggende oppfinnelse er det under PVC også å forstå kopoly-merisater eller podepolymerisater av PVC med polymeriserbare forbindelser som akrylnitril, vinylacetat eller ABS, hvor det kan dreie seg om suspensjon-, masse- eller emulsjonspolymerisater. Foretrukket er PVC-homopolymer også i kombinasjon med polyakrylater.
Dessuten kommer for stabilisering innen rammen av foreliggende oppfinnelse også spesielle recyklater av klorholdige polymerer i betraktning, hvor det her dreier seg om de ovenfor nærmere beskrevne polymerene som ved bearbeiding, bruk eller lagring har erfart en beskadigelse. Spesielt foretrukket er PVC-recyklat. I recyklatene kan det også være tilstede mindre mengder av fremmede stoffer som f.eks. papir, pigmenter, klebe-stoffer som ofte er vanskelig å fjerne. Disse fremmede stoffene kan også stamme fra kontakten med diverse stoffer under bruk eller opparbeidingen, som f.eks. drivstoffrester, lakkdeler, metallspor og initiator-rester.
Oppfinnelsen angår også anvendelse av stabilisatorkombinasjonen ifølge oppfinnelsen.
Hensiktsmessig kan innarbeidingen av stabilisatorene skje ifølge de følgende fremgangsmåter: Som emulsjon eller dispersjon (en mulighet er f.eks. formen av en pastøs
blanding. En fordel ved oppfinnelsens kombinasjon består ved denne an-vendelsesformen i stabiliteten av pastaen);
som sammenblanding som tørr blanding under blandinger av tilsetnings-komponentene eller polymerblandinger;
ved direkte tilsetning i bearbeidingsapparatet (f.eks. kalander, blander, elter,
ekstruder og lignende) eller
som oppløsning eller smelte.
Stabilisert PVC kan bli fremstilt på kjent måte, hvor man under anvendelse av en i og for seg kjent anordning som de ovenfor nevnte bearbeidingsapparatene blander til oppfinnelsens stabilisatorkombinasjon og eventuelt ytterligere tilsetningsstoffer med PVC. Her kan stabilisatorene enkeltvis eller i blanding bli tilsatt, eller bli tilsatt i form av såkalte masterbatches.
Man kan fremstille stabilisert PVC ved at man under anvendelse av anordninger som kalandere, blandere, eltere, ekstrudere og lignende, blander de ovenfor beskrevne komponentene og eventuelt ytterligere tilsetningsstoffer med PVC.
Det stabiliserte PVC, kan også på kjent måte bli bragt i ønsket form. Slike fremgangsmåter er eksempelvis maling, kalandering, ekstrudering, sprøytestøping, sintring eller spinning, foruten ekstruderingsblåsing eller en bearbeiding ifølge plastisol-fremgangsmåten. Det stabiliserte PVC kan også bli bearbeidet til skumstofif. Tilsetter man azodikarbonamid som drivmiddel, er det fordelaktig at det ikke anvendes ytterligere 1,3-diketon.
Den stabiliserte PVC egner seg f.eks. for halvharde- og myke resepturer, spesielt i form av myke resepturer for trådommantling, kollisjonsputefolier (biler), kabelisoleringer som er spesielt foretrukket. I form av halvharde resepturer egner den stabiliserte PVC seg spesielt for dekorasjonsfolier, skumstoffer, landbruksfolier, slanger, tettingsprofiler og kontorfolier.
I form av harde resepturer egner den stabiliserte PVC seg spesielt for hul-legemer (flasker), innpakningsfolier ( dyptrekkingsfolier), blåsefolier, rør, skumstoffer, tung-profiler (vindusrammer), lysveggsprofiler, byggeprofiler, vegger, beslag, kontorfolier og apparaturhus (datamaskiner, husholdningsutstyr).
Eksempler på anvendelsen av PVC, som er stabilisert med en stabilisatorkombinasjon ifølge oppfinnelsen som plastisol, er kunstlær, gulvbelegg, tekstilbelegging, tapet, spiralbelegg og undergulvsbeskyttelse for kjøretøyer.
Eksempler på sinter-PVC-anvendelser av PVC, som er stabilisert med kombinasjonen ifølge oppfinnelsen, er skall, skallstøv og coilbelegg.
Foretrukket er PVC-hardskumstoff-formlegemer og PVC-rør som for drikke- eller avfallsvann, trykkrør, gassrør, kabelkanal- og kabelbeskyttelsesrør, rør for industri-ledninger, sikkerhetsrør, avløpsrør, takrennerør og dreneringsrør. For dette se også "Kunststoffhandbuch PVC", bånd 2/2, W.Becker/H.Braun, 2.oppi., 1985, Carl Hanser Verlag, side 1236-1277.
De følgende eksemplene forklarer oppfinnelsen nærmere. Del- og prosentangivelser er - som i den øvrige beskrivelsen - såfremt ikke annet er angitt, etter vekt.
Eksempel 1: Statisk varmetest
Blandingen ifølge den følgende tabell, ble hver gang plastifisert 5 minutter ved 190°C hhv. 170°C på et blandevalseverk. Fra den således dannede folien (tykkelse 0,3 mm) ble det skåret ut prøvestriper, og disse ble termisk belastet i en Mathis-Thermo-Takter ved 190°C over det i den nedenforstående tabell angitte tidsrom. Deretter ble Yellowness Index (Yl) bestemt ifølge ASTM-1925-70.
Desto lavere den tunnede YI-verdi er, desto mer virksomt forhindrer stabilisatorsystemet gulning og dermed beskadigelse av materialet. Langtidstermostabiliteten av de stabiliserte polymerene kan også observeres ved den plutselige opptreden av en massiv farveforandring.
En stabilisator er mer effektiv jo lengere denne farveforandringen under termisk belastning kan forsinkes, eller jo lavere startfarveforandringen er, og desto bedre den beholder farven (lav middel farveforandring).
^Kritt <2>)Glidemiddel fra fa. Hoechst (paraffinvoks) <2a>)Glidemiddel fra fa. Hoechst (polar etylenvoks) <3>)Fenylisodecylfosfitt <4>)Blanding av 9% NaC104, 45% CaC03 40% CaSiC>3, 6% H2O <5>) 6-amino-l,3-dimetyl-uracil
Det viser seg at anvendelsen av små mengder perkloratforbindelse som komponent B i oppfinnelsens blanding II og 13, stabiliserte vesentlig bedre enn uten komponent B.
1. Dehydrokloreringstest
Blandingen av PVC + additiver ifølge oppskriften nedenfor ble oppslemmet henholdsvis oppløst i 150 ml metanol. Etterfølgende inndampes på rotasjonsinndamper under for-minsket trykk ved en bad-temperatur på 40-45°C til tørrhet.
De etter denne fremgangsmåten panerte PVC-pulver ble etterfølgende utsatt for en dehydrokloreringstest (DHC) ved T = 180°C ifølge DIN 53381. Prøving av termo-stabiliteten til PVC bygger på den ved varmeutvikling utløste avspaltning av gtassformig hydrogenklorid. Termostabilisteten av PVC er innenfor denne norm tiden etter hvilken det ved varmepåvirkning er inntruffet en irreversibel kjemisk forandring ved hydrogen-kloridavspaltning.
Jo høyere de tunnede DHC-verdier (200 uS/cm) i minuttet er, jo mer effektivt forhindrer stabilisatorsystemet ødeleggelsen av den klorholdige polymeren.
Statisk varmetest
En tørr blanding med henholdsvis den nedenfor anførte sammensetning og respektiv en av de i tabellene nevnte statilisatorene ble valset på et blandingsvalseverk i 5 min. ved 180°C. Fra det dannede valsematerialet ble det uttatt testfoliestriper på 0,3 mm tykkelse. Folieprøvene ble i en ovn (Mathis-Thermo-Takter) belastet termisk ved 190°C. Ved en tidsmessig avstand på 3 min. ble gulhetsindekset (Yl) bestemt ifølge ASTM D-1925-70. Resultatet sees i de følgende tabeller. Lave YI-verdier betyr en god stabilisering.
Forsøksresultater
Resulatet av dihydrokloreringstesten er anført på figur 1.
Claims (10)
1.
Stabilisatorkombinasjon, karakterisert ved at den inneholder A) minst en forbindelse med formelen I
hvor R*i og R<*>2 uavhengig av hverandre står for Ci-C^-alkyl, C3-C6-alkenyl, ikke-substituert eller med 1 til 3 Cj-C/j-alkyl-, Cj-C^alkoksy-, C5-Cg-cykloalkyl- eller med hydroksygrupper eller Cl-atomer stubstituert C5-C8-cykloalkyl, ikke-substituert eller i fenylringen med 1 til 3 C\-C4-alkyl-, C1-C4-alkoksy-, C5-Cg-cykloalkyl- eller med hydroksygrupper eller Cl-atomer substituert C7-Co-fenylalkyl,
og R<*>1 eller R<*>2 kan ytterligere stå for hydrogen, og
Y står for S eller O, og B) minst en perkloratforbindelse.
2. Stabilisatorkombinasjon ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at R*l og R<*2> uavhengig av hverandre står for H og Cj^-alkyl eller Ci-C4-alkyl.
3.
Stabilisatorkombinasjon ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at forbindelsen i komponent A) er
6-amino-1,3 -dimetyl-uracil, 6-amino-1,3 -di-n-propyl-uracil, 6-amino-1,3 -di-n-butyl-uracil, 6-amino-1,3-di-etyl-tiouracil eller 6-amino-1,3-di-n-butyl-tiouracil.
4.
Stabilisatorkombinasjon ifølge krav 1 til 3, karakterisert ved at den ytterligere inneholder sink- og/eller alkali- og/eller jordalkalihydroksider og/eller -karboksylater eller aluminiumkarboksylater.
5.
Stabilisatorkombinasjon ifølge krav 4 karakterisert ved at jordalkalikarboksylatet er kalsiumstearat.
6.
Stabilisatorkombinasjon ifølge krav 1 til 4, karakterisert v e d at den ytterligere inneholder minst et stoff fra gruppen fosfitt, myknere, fyllstoffer eller pigmenter.
7.
Stabilisatorkombinasjon ifølge krav 6, karakterisert ved at fyllstoffet er kritt.
8.
Stabilisatorkombinasjon ifølge krav 6, karakterisert ved at det som pigment blir anvendt titandioksyd eller CaC03.
9.
Anvendelse av stabilisatorkombinasjonen ifølge krav 1 til 8, til stabilisering av klorholdige polymerer.
10.
Anvendelse ifølge krav 9, hvor det som klorholdig polymer anvendes PVC.
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