CN1146839C - 应用带有射频标识标签的文献的图书馆编目系统 - Google Patents

应用带有射频标识标签的文献的图书馆编目系统 Download PDF

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CN1146839C
CN1146839C CNB988074265A CN98807426A CN1146839C CN 1146839 C CN1146839 C CN 1146839C CN B988074265 A CNB988074265 A CN B988074265A CN 98807426 A CN98807426 A CN 98807426A CN 1146839 C CN1146839 C CN 1146839C
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约翰·H·鲍尔斯
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托马斯·J·克莱尔
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Abstract

一种文献编目控制系统，使用附在每个文献(22)的RFID标签。每个标签包括用于标识文献(22)的唯一的标识或序号。编目的数据库跟踪所有加有标签的文献(22)并维持各文献(22)的流通状态信息。文献使用顾客自检出系统被检出图书馆(10)。检出的文献(22)通过被堆放入读出RFID标签并自动检查返回的文献的外部智能书投入口(32)而被返回图书馆。书架被周期地用RFID扫描仪扫描来更新编目状态。

Description

应用带有射频标识标签的文献的图书馆编目系统
技术领域
本发明一般涉及图书馆编目和流通控制系统，并且尤其涉及在图书等上面使用RFID(射频标识)标签的这种系统。
背景技术
图书馆面对维持和控制图书、期刊、音频一可视产品等的大量编目的艰巨任务。为帮助图书馆收藏品中文献的登记/检出、编目和对偷窃的控制，大部分图书馆在文献中放置条形码和/或敏感的磁条。条形码可应用扫描仪使文献很快被找到。磁条与图书馆出口处的磁探测装置连接使用用于偷窃控制。磁条通常是被敏化的。当顾客检出一个文献时，磁条被退敏。当顾客把文献返回图书馆时，磁条被再次敏化。如果顾客试图携带具有敏感化的磁条的文献通过被控制的出口，磁探测装置触发警报。
基于磁条的系统有很多缺点。必须用特定的设备来对磁条进行退敏和再敏化。典型地，图书馆管理员必须操作该设备以确保登记和检出正确地执行。这种系统的一个示例公开在美国专利No.4,141，078(Bridges，Jr.等人)中。另一个依靠标记的文献的并被设计来由顾客单独操作的图书馆登记/检出系统公开在美国专利No.5,288,940(Patel等人)中。还有一个适合于用在图书馆中的一般目的的文献编目控制系统公开在美国专利No.4,881,061(Chambers)中。
用于处理文献的现有图书处理过程是费时的并且导致很多错误。对文献再归架尤其是易出错的并且费时的工作。许多文献被返回到图书馆中错误的位置并且接着被假定为丢失了直到在全面编目检查期间被发现。而且，对图书馆收藏品进行编目当前是一项昂贵而且费时的任务，使得大部分图书馆没有按其本应该地来频繁进行全面编目检查，甚至根本不进行编目检查。
图书馆经常回顾检出数据以确定他们的顾客对哪个文献最感兴趣。可使用该信息来作出购买新图书的决定或者来更好地分配现有资源。但是，图书馆不能获得关于它们的文藏品被那些不把文献检出而在图书馆中使用该文献的顾客所使用的大量信息。实际上，所谓的“内部流通”占据了许多图书馆的总流通量的2/3到3/4。从而检出数据不能准确地测算对某些顾客而言最感兴趣的是哪个文献。
经营图书馆的最大花费是人员费用。图书馆不断低在寻找用更少的雇员来完成必须的功用的途径。
因此，对于系统还有一种使图书馆雇员进一步减少在文献处理中花费的时间和精力并提供图书馆管理者关于其收藏品如何被使用的更好的信息的要求。本发明满足这些需求。
发明概述
本发明提供一种与保持在储藏区的文献一起使用的编目控制系统，各个文献具有附在其上的射频标签，每个标签包括用于通过接收询问信号并返回响应信号而探测文献的存在的天线及连接于天线的集成电路，该集成电路用于存储文献标识信息和用于在一接收到标签的询问时输出带有响应信号的文献标识信息，该系统包括：
(a)用于接收从储藏区移开的并且将返回储藏区的文献的至少一个文献返回区，文献返回区包括询问区段；
(b)一个用于监测该区段中的由该区段内一个或多个标签的存在而引起的响应信号形式的干扰的询问器；及
(c)一个用于接收询问器输出信号的数据库，该数据库包括用于系统监测的文献的包括检出状态数据的编目数据，接收到的询问器输出信号被用来更新各个返回的文献的检出状态数据；
其中，该文献返回区包括用于容纳返回的文献的收集箱，在文献被返回时返回的文献通过该区段并投入收集箱，其中大量的文献可同时被放置在该区段中，该询问器同时询问该区段中的各个文献，询问器对在该区段中探测到的各个标签输出询问器输出信号，各个询问器输出信号包括存储在被询问的标签的集成电路中的标识信息。
在本发明之系统的实施例中，系统跟踪与图书馆相关的可为顾客检出利用的文献，并且储藏区包括图书馆的架子。
在本发明之系统的实施例中，文献返回区是图书馆书投入口。
在本发明之系统的实施例中，数据库包括被系统监测的文献的储藏区位置数据。
在本发明之系统的实施例中，还包括与数据库通信的计算机，计算机包括用于产生文献返回区中文献的储藏区位置报告的装置，该报告有助于文献返回它们在储藏区中的各自适当的位置。
在本发明之系统的实施例中，系统跟踪与图书馆相关的文献，并且图书馆内有至少一个文献返回区，编目数据还包括文献使用数据。
在本发明之系统的实施例中，该系统还可包括：
容纳大量文献的台座；
门，用于使台座上容纳的文献在门一打开时就可通过投入到收集箱；及
与数据库通信来更新要被返还的文献的流通状态的处理器；
其中，询问器同时询问放置在台座上的顾客想要返还的大量文献，接收包含用于要被返还的大量文献的每一个的存储的文献标识信息的响应信号，其中，一接收到来自各个文献的可接受的响应信号询问器就把门松开；
数据库为包括图书馆中的文献和各个文献的流通状态的编目数据库，数据库接收用于要被返还的每个文献的文献标识信息。
在本发明之系统的实施例中，还包括射频识别标签的顾客识别卡，顾客识别卡包括以电子方式存储其上的顾客识别信息，其中顾客识别卡被放置在台座上并与要被返还的文献同时被询问。
在本发明之系统的实施例中，数据库包括用于存储相应于任意预先被检出的文献的顾客识别标识的字段。
在本发明之系统的实施例中，该系统还可包括：
用于获得检出区的图象并输出获得的图象的视频信号的视频摄像机；和
用于把视频信号存储在视频存储介质上的视频记录机。
在本发明之系统的实施例中，该系统还可包括：
包括图书馆中的文献列表和各个文献的流通状态的编目数据库；
用于相对系统来识别顾客的顾客识别装置；
放置在文献检出区中的文献检出系统，该检出系统包括用于询问顾客想要从储藏区移开的文献的第一询问器，该第一询问器接收包含用于要被移开的文献的存储的文献标识信息的响应信号；
与第一询问器和数据库通信的处理器，该处理器接收顾客识别信息和用于要从第一询问器移开的文献的文献标识信息，并更新带有要被移开的文献的流通状态的编目数据库；
包括用于接收从储藏区移开的并且将返回储藏区的文献的至少一个文献返回区的文献登记系统；及
与处理器通信的第二询问器，该第二询问器在登记区段监测由该区段内的标签的存在而引起的响应信号形式的干扰，该第二询问器同时询问该区段中的各个文献并对该区段中探测到的各个标签输出询问器输出信号，各个询问器输出信号包括存储在被询问的标签的集成电路中的用于被返回的文献的标识信息，其中编目的数据库接收询问器输出信号并更新被一起返回的各个文献的检出状态数据。
在本发明之系统的实施例中，还可包括：
出口询问器，用于从储藏区监测出口，该出口询问器用于询问经过出口并随后被从储藏区移开的文献，该出口询问器接收来自与该文献相关的标签的响应信号，该响应信号包含用于经过出口的文献的存储的文献标识信息。
在本发明之系统的实施例中，还可包括耦合于出口询问器的出口处理器，该处理器接收来自出口询问器的包括响应信号的标识信息的输出信号，其中处理器比较接收到的标识信息与存储在数据库中的信息以判定是否该文献在数据库中被记录为已检出。
在本发明之系统的实施例中，如果经过出口的文献在数据库没有被记录为已检出，出口询问器将激活警报。
在本发明之系统的实施例中，图书馆包括期刊室，系统还包括位于期刊室的出口处的区段询问器，用于探测被加有标签的文献从期刊室移开。
在本发明之系统的实施例中，响应于文献从期刊室移开的探测，该区段询问器激活警报。
在本发明之系统的实施例中，还可包括：
在不连续部分扫描储藏区的、探测由从可移动的询问器可探测的预定区段内的标签的存在而引起的响应信号形式的干扰的、当在该区段中探测到标签时输出询问器输出信号的可移动的询问器，各个询问器输出信号包括存储在被询问的标签的集成电路中的标识信息，其中数据库接收标识信息并使用该标识信息来更新存储在其中的文献的流通状态。
在本发明之系统的实施例中，还可包括：
用于获得检出区的图象并输出获得的图象的视频信号的视频摄像机；和
用于把视频信号存储在视频存储介质上的视频记录机。
在本发明之系统的实施例中，标签是在物理上没有去除活性的标签。
在本发明之系统的实施例中，该系统还可包括：
包括图书馆中的文献列表和各个文献的流通状态的编目数据库；
用于相对系统来识别顾客的顾客识别装置；
放置在图书馆的文献检出区中的文献检出系统，该检出系统包括用于询问顾客想要从图书馆移开的文献的第一询问器，该第一询问器接收包含用于要被移开的存储的文献标识信息的响应信号；
与第一询问器和数据库通信的处理器，该处理器接收顾客识别信息和用于要从第一询问器移开的文献的文献标识信息，并更新带有要被移开的文献的流通状态的编目数据库；
用于获得检出区的图象并输出获得的图象的视频信号的视频摄像机；
用于把视频信号存储在视频存储介质上的视频记录机；
包括用于接收从图书馆移开的文献的至少一个文献返回区的文献登记系统，在文献被返回时各个返回的文献通过一个登记区段，；
与编目数据库通信的第二询问器，该第二询问器在登记区段监测由该区段内的标签的存在而引起的响应信号形式的干扰，并在该区段中探测到标签时输出询问器输出信号，各个询问器输出信号包括存储在被询问的标签的集成电路中的用于被返回的文献的标识信息，其中编目的数据库接收询问器输出信号并使用该询问器输出信号更新被返回的文献的检出状态；
用于扫描图书馆的不连续部分并探测由从该移动的询问器可探测的预定区段内的标签的存在而引起的响应信号形式的干扰，并在该区段中探测到标签时输出询问器输出信号的可移动的询问器，其中位于不连续部分的大量文献可同时被扫描，各个询问器输出信号包括存储在被询问的标签的集成电路中的标识信息，其中数据库接收标识信息并仅用从被询问的加有标签的文献获得的标识信息更新存储在那的文献的流通状态；
用于从图书馆监测出口的出口询问器，该出口询问器用于询问经过出口并随后从图书馆被移开的文献，该出口询问器接收来自与该文献相关的标签的响应信号，该响应信号包含用于经过出口的文献的存储的文献标识信息；
耦合于出口询问器的出口处理器，该处理器接收来自出口询问器的包括响应信号的标识信息的输出信号，其中出口处理器比较接收到的标识信息与存储在数据库中的信息以判定是否该文献在其中被记录为已检出，其中如果经过出口的文献在数据库中没有记录为已检出，出口询问器将激活警报；及
位于图书馆预定区的出口处的区段询问器，该区段询问器用于探测被加有标签的文献从预定区的移开，其中响应于文献从预定区移开的探测，该区段询问器激活警报。
本发明还提供一种与保持在储藏区的文献一起使用的编目控制方法，各个文献具有附在其上的射频标签，各个标签包括用于通过接收询问信号并返回响应信号而探测文献的存在的天线及连接于天线的用于存储文献标识信息并用于在一接收到标签的询问时输出带有响应信号的文献标识信息的集成电路，该方法包括步骤：
(a)用可移动的询问器扫描储藏区的一部分，可移动的询问器探测由从询问器延伸的预定区段中的文献上标签的存在而引起的响应信号形式的干扰，并当在该区段中探测到标签时输出询问器输出信号，各个询问器输出信号包括存储在被询问的标签的集成电路中的标识信息，其中位于储藏区的一部分中的大量文献可被同时扫描；
(b)对储藏区的相邻部分及对储藏区的所有剩余部分重复步骤(a)：
(c)接收数据库中的询问器输出信号，数据库包括用于保持在储藏区中的文献的编目数据，其中编目数据仅使用从加有标签的文献获得的接收到的询问器输出信号而被更新；
(d)利用接收的询问器输出信号和编目数据，以确定是否一个特定扫描部分中的一文献是在属于该扫描部分中的若干文献之范围外，以及如果是，则
(e)发信号报告该文献被错误放置。
在本发明之方法的实施例中，储藏区包括图书馆中的书架排，步骤(a)包括通过连续扫描书架的相邻部分来扫描各个书架。
附图的简要描述
前面的概述和下面的对本发明的优选实施例的具体描述一样，是为了在联系后附的权利要求而阅读时能得到更好地理解。为了图示本发明的目的，在附图的实施例中示出的是优选形式。但是，应该可以理解，本发明并不限定在所示出的确定的安排和结构。在附图中：
图1是用于图示本发明的一般特征的图书馆的布局简图；
图2是适合于用在图1的图书馆流通的文献中上的RFID标签的简要框图；
图3是用来读出图2的标签的询问器的具体的简要原理框图；
图4是用于图1的图书馆所用的加有标签的文献的数据库记录样本；
图5是用在图1的图书馆中的顾客自检出系统的简要框图；
图6是用在图1的图书馆中的智能书投入口的简要框图；
图7是由图6的智能书投入口收集的数据产生的再归架报告样本；
图8是由图7的内部智能书投入口收集的数据产生的使用历史报告的样本；
图9是书架扫描编目系统的简要框图；
图10是一排书架的顶视图并表示使用图9的系统来进行文献的编目的询问区段；
图11是多排书架的前面抬高的视图并表示使用图9的系统来进行文献的编目的方法；及
图12表示用于图5的顾客自检出系统的另一种输入过程。
本发明的具体描述
这里使用的一些术语仅是为了方便起见，而不应被认为是对本发明的限定。在附图中，同样的参考序号在几个附图中都被用来指代相同的元件。
图1是图书馆10形式的储藏区的简图，用来解释本发明的新颖性特征。尽管本发明在图书馆的环境中进行说明，发明的范围包括其中文献被保持在储藏区并被周期地移开(暂时地)或被顾客借出有限的时间的其它的环境，如电视商店、租赁商店等。储藏区也可与商业/工业环境相关联，并且可以是例如工具库、修理厂等
这里定义的询问器是用来把能量耦合于RFID来给标签提供能量并接收来自标签的数据的装置。本发明使用不同形式的询问器，包括扫描仪、“智能”和“简易”托架(pedestals)等。
参考图1，图书馆10被分为顾客用的公共区16和雇员区18。公共区16包括大量书架或堆栈(stack)20形式的用于盛放文献如图书、期刊、音频带、CD、视频带、壁挂艺术品、活页乐谱22等的储藏区，具有另外的书架或堆栈24的期刊室23，及图书馆持有的大量在线电脑化目录表26。流通台28把公共区16部分和雇员区18部分分隔开。雇员区18包括办公室后操作区30。另外的在线电脑化目录表26被放置在流通台28上和办公室后操作区30中。其它的各种样式的计算机设备如条形码读出器或计算机48也被放置在这些区。与计算机48相连的数据库存储关于图书馆的收藏品中的所有文献的编目数据，也存储与顾客所检出的文献22相关的数据。在线目录表26连接于计算机48及它的数据库。上述的所有特征和元件都是常用的。图书馆也典型地包括为其它资源信息如视频产品、CD-ROM、卡带等所用的区域。为简便起见，这些另外的资源在图1中未示出。在整个说明书中，词“文献”和“图书”交替使用。但是，应该可以理解词“文献”的范围包括可在图书馆中找到的其它类型的项目，如视频产品、CD-ROM、卡带、报纸等。
图书馆10还包括与用于编目控制和文献使用跟踪的新颖的方法和系统相关的元件。
首先，图书馆包括大量“智能”文献返回区或书投入口。已有技术的书签只是用来提供被顾客返回的书的暂时储藏位置以进行登记和再归架。本发明的“智能”书投入口在文献22经过进入到书投入口时询问文献22并读出、记录和处理关于它们的识别的信息。图1表示一个智能外部文献返回区或书投入口32和三个智能内部文献返回区或书投入口34。外部书投入口32允许顾客在图书馆闭馆时或在顾客不希望实际进入图书馆时返回文献。图书馆的规章可要求所有被检出的文献22被返回到外部书投入口32。书投入口32或34因此用作被返回的文献32的登记终端。内部书投入口34可被放置在公共区16和/或雇员区18。当顾客把文献22返回流通台28时，雇员把文献22放置在位于雇员区18的内部书投入口34。顾客也可把借出的文献22放置在被公共放置的内部书投入口34之一中。在两种情况中，借出的文献可以是被检出后被返回的文献或者被顾客在图书馆中使用的而没有被检出的文献。各个文献22具有附在其上的射频标识(RFID)标签，有时称为“智能标签”。RFID标签在本发明所公开的实施例中称为智能保密标签。RFID标签参考图2在下面进行描述。当RFID标签被正确地询问时，它们返回可被用来确定文献22的标识及其在图书馆中的正确位置的唯一的信息。
其次，图书馆10包括一对或多对“智能”托架36。所描述的一对智能托架是托架结构的设备，其包含能够与RFID标签通信的询问器。在加有标签的文献22处于托架36之间的预先设定的区段时，一对智能托架36读出RFID标签。图1中一对智能托架36监测顾客必须经过来进入或离开图书馆10的区段。另一对智能托架36监测雇员进入和离开图书馆10的区段。各个区段可选择地被监视摄像机38或生物统计学测量装置监测。各对智能托架36的输出连接于计算机48的数据库用来证实在托架36之间的区段内探测到的文献22是否已经被正确地检出。图书馆10也可包括一对感测器、这里称为“简易托架40”，用来探测载有已有技术的保密标签如磁性保密标签或非智能共振保密标签的文献的存在。简易托架40可用来确保期刊保留在图书馆10的指定部分内(例如期刊室23)。另一种情况是，简易托架40可类似于智能托架36但是没有连接于计算机48的数据库。由于不允许文献24从期刊室23移开，简易托架40之间的任何文献24的探测会触发警报。
第三，图书馆10包括便携的射频(RFID)标签扫描仪或所谓的“RFID扫描仪”。这些扫描仪可读出与RFID标签相关的标识信息，下面将进行更全面的描述。一个RFID扫描仪42表示在流通台28上，便携的扫描仪42表示为与一组书架20相邻。两个附加的扫描仪42与后面说明的新颖的检出站相关，当不需要便携性能时，固定的询问器43可用在流通台28上并且新颖的检出站代替或与便携的扫描仪42相连。
第四，图书馆包括顾客自检出站50，允许图书馆的顾客把检出的文献22移离前台。检出站50包括固定询问器43及可选择地包括一个或多个选择的便携RFID扫描仪42，它们都用来识别在检出站50上的文献22。检出站50也包括至少一个计算机终端52，用于接收来自固定询问器43和扫描仪42的数据。计算机终端52也连接于顾客识别装置68。流通台28也包括固定询问器43、选择的扫描仪42、计算机终端52和可给顾客或雇员使用来检出文献的顾客识别装置68。顾客自检出站50下面参考图5进行具体说明。
本发明的新颖的系统都使用被附在各个文献22上的RFID标签。尽管这种标签在已有技术中是公知的，一种特殊类型的尤其适合用于本发明的RFID标签是具有天线的无源射频标签，并且在优选实施例中，RFID标签包括天线或连接于集成电路的导电线圈。
图2表示适合于用在本发明的样品RFID标签54的一般元件。标签54包括无源共振射频(RF)电路56，用于在标签54处于被读出器或询问器监测的区段中时进行探测，和已有技术一样。一种公知类型的电路56有线圈天线58和电容器60，其一起构成了以预定共振频率即选择的射频的共振电路。用于标签54的能量从传统方式的天线58获得。而且，标签54包括集成电路(IC)62，用于向标签54提供“智能”。IC62连接于电路56。IC62包括可编程的存储器64，如64位存储器，用于存储识别数据的位。当然，其它的标签设计也能与本发明一起使用，并且本发明并不局限在所示出的特定的标签54。例如，电容器60可被放置在IC62上，仅一个导电线圈在IC62外部。
在足够的能量被应用到那里时，IC62输出由64位存储数据组成的数据流。在本发明的一个实施例中，数据流通过在数据脉冲期间把额外的电容器(未示出)切换过线圈天线58产生串行数据脉冲。这改变了RF电路56的共振频率，从它的操作频率解除调谐。从而，代替返回简单响应信号的RF电路56，它返回包含一组预先被编程的信息的信号。该组信息(数据脉冲)被询问器接收电路接收和处理并被解码(如果必要的话)来提供关于文献22的标识信息。其它的使用IC存储器64中的数据来从标签54输出识别数据的方法在发明的范围内。IC62也优选地是无源装置并且以与RF电路56相同的方式被提供能量(即通过利用在天线58处从询问发射器接收到的能量)。从而标签54是所谓的“射频标识(RFID)标签”。其它类型的RFID标签可用在本发明。适合于用作标签54的其它的RFID标签的示例在美国专利No.5,446,447(Carney et al.)、No.5,430,441(Bickley et al.)和5,347,263(Carroll et al.)中表示。典型地，RFID标签在物理上未被去除活性。即，它们没有以防止再利用的方式而永久地被短路，并且它们没有通过其中的磁化和去磁化磁铁而被弄成没有活性的。
图3是适合于与图2所示的标签54一起使用的读出器或询问器100的简要框图。询问器100和标签54通过已有技术中公知的导电的耦合通信。询问器100包括发射器102、接收器104、天线组件106和数据处理和控制电路108，每一个都有输入和输出。发射器102的输出被连接于接收器104的第一输入和天线组件106的输入。天线组件106的输出被连接于接收器104的第二输入。数据处理和控制电路108的第一和第二输出被分别连接于发射器102的输入和接收器104的第三输入。而且接收器104的输出被连接于数据处理和控制电路108的输入。具有这种一般结构的询问器必须使用Walton申请的美国专利No.3,752,960、3,816,708、4,223,830和4,580,041中描述的电路来构造，这些专利全部内容被记载来作为参考。询问器100实际上作为一对智能托架36或作为便携RFID扫描仪42来执行，如图1所示。
便携RFID扫描仪42的一个优选的实施例具有直径大约6英寸到大约8英寸的板或盘状共振电路天线，并且被安装在臂延伸部分上以到达图书堆栈的顶步和底部书架。
在执行本发明的任何新系统之前，图书馆10对文献22加上标签并且在计算机48内建立所有加有标签的文献22的数据库。理论上，图书馆中的所有文献22被加上标签。但是，系统即使在并非每个文献都被加上标签时也可应用，尽管效率较低。在本发明的一个实施例中，图书馆10接收空白(未被编程的)标签54，通过适当的编程(如果它们没有被预指定)给每个标签54指定唯一的序号，以物理方式把标签54附接于各个文献22，并对每个文献22产生与每个标签54，尤其是其序列号相关的数据库。如果文献22到达图书馆10时被预先加上标签，可去掉编程的步骤。
这里示出的例子中，图书馆10把标签54应用于100个文献中。接者，编目的数据库以如下方式生成：
1、文献22被固定询问器43或便携RFID扫描仪42读出，其从
标签54抽取唯一的编程的序号。
2、数据库记录被加上该序列号。
3、接着，通过任何方式，如通过读出文献22上的现有的条形
码或标签或者通过人工地把标识码填入或从另一数据库或存
储装置读出这种信息来获得文献22的项目标识信息。然后
项目标识信息被增加到对各个标签序号所记录的数据库。大
部分图书馆已经具有从他们的收藏品(即文献22)的现有数据
库所产生的自动在线目录。从而图书馆10仅需要向现有的
数据字段增加信息来标记被附接于文献22的特定标签54的
序号，而不是生成用于加有标签的文献22的信息的全新数
据库。另一种情况是，图书馆10可保持其现有的在线目录
并生成用于跟踪加有标签的文献22的状态的新数据库。下
面的讨论假定图书馆10建立起全面完整的数据库或者在线
目录信息与加有标签的文献数据库相连从而关于文献22的
所有可利用的信息能容易地被取回。图书馆收藏品中的文献
22的数据库也包括流通状态信息(未示出)，如是否文献22
被检出，谁检出它的及什么时候该归还(即文献归还数据)。
图4是由上述过程产生的数据库记录序列的样本。各个记录包括用于标签标识信息的字段(即标签22的序号)和用于项目标识信息的字段。标签标识信息与“文献标识信息”相关并且也被称为“文献标识信息”。即，因为标签序号是唯一的，它可被用来标记文献。项目标识信息可以是杜威十进制系统(Dewey Decimal System)图书编目号码、图书馆委员会图书编目号码、ISBN号码或随机指定的号码。项目标识信息的最后数字可被用来标记图书馆中该项目的拷贝次数。项目标识信息也可包括著录项目数据的任何部分，如题目、作者、出版者等。可选择地，数据库记录可包括附加的信息，如存储文献22的大图书馆系统的预定位置。典型地，大学里除具有主图书馆外还具有独立的分馆。大的政府图书馆系统有许多分馆。附加的位置信息可用来正确地确定这种具有各自的位置的文献22。加有标签的文献22的数据库(无论是构成为独立的数据库或是附录在现有在线目录表26后)被存储在计算机48中作为数据库66，但是也可被存储在远程计算机(未示出)中。
数据库66也可选择地包括用于保持每个文献22的检出状态的字段和用于保持文献22的当前位置的字段。例如，检出的文献在检出状态字段中被作上表示其被检出的标记并且检出文献的顾客的顾客识别号码被存储在顾客ID字段。顾客ID字段也可标明文献当前在图书管书架上(例如用存储在顾客ID字段中的0(000000))并且表明文献已经被返回且还未再归架(例如用存储在顾客ID字段中的000001)。可以理解检出状态及顾客ID字段和其它字段一样被存储在独立的数据库中，或者存储为相关的列表，并且其它的信息也可被存储在数据库66中或与数据库66相关的库中。
图5，6和9表示根据本发明的系统，其可在文献22被加上标签并且建立数据库66后来执行。尤其图5表示顾客自检出系统，图6表示智能书签，图9表示书架扫描编目系统。为了清楚起见，这些图与图1一起描述。
参考图5，表示图1中的顾客自检出系统50的简要框图。当顾客希望从图书收藏品中检出文献22时，顾客通过顾客识别(ID)装置68对系统确认他或她自己的身份。顾客ID装置68可以是读卡机，如用于从顾客的图书卡读出数据的条形码读出器或磁条读出器。顾客ID装置68也可以是用于询问文献22的同样的固定询问器43或RFID扫描仪42。另外，顾客ID装置68可以是生物统计学(生理学)读出装置，如指纹或虹膜(iris)扫描仪。在本发明的另一个实施例中，顾客向计算机终端52填入ID和/或口令对系统50直接确认他或她自己的身份。顾客ID数据被与存储在计算机48中的顾客数据库通信的计算机终端52接收以证实顾客有权检出文献22。如果顾客不在数据库中或者如果顾客是不合法的，检出过程结束或者计算机终端进入顾客登记程序。在顾客被确认并确定成为授权用户后，检出过程开始执行下面的步骤。顾客操作要被检出的文献22和/或固定的询问器43或扫描仪42从而询问与文献22相关的标签54并读出被标签54返回的数据。由于文献22优选用RFID标签54来加标签，文献22仅需要被放置在靠近询问器43或扫描仪42的地方。来自询问器43或扫描仪42的数据输出包括标签54的序号。标签序号被直接发送或经计算机终端52发送到把用于文献22的适当记录放置在其数据库66中的计算机48。如果文献22被正确地登记到图书馆10，顾客可检出它。然后数据库被更新来表示文献22已经被检出到顾客当前使用的站50中。这些检出步骤对顾客希望检出的每个文献22重复进行。
图12表示用于图1和5的顾客自检出系统的另一种输入过程。顾客希望检出的所有的文献22可被放置在台座150上或在预定询问区段如外壳中，在同时询问所有文献22的固定询问器43’的附近。RFID询问器不需要瞄准线，从而可同时询问被放置在预定区中的多个标签而无论其在该区中的取向如何。询问器43’也可被设计来读出顾客ID卡152(其也包括标签54)和附于文献22的标签54。因此图5的顾客ID装置68可被装入图12的询问器43’。为了检出，顾客只把ID卡152和文献22放置在限定区中，并启动检出过程。来自询问器43’的数据输出与数据库48直接或经计算机终端52与数据库66通信(图5)。
计算机终端52可用来促使顾客加快检出步骤并返回关于步骤的信息，如证实每个文献询问结果的信息。计算机终端52也可通知顾客文献22的到期日并选择地包括打印机来为顾客产生检出事务和到期日的记录。
为确保仅正确检出的文献22被从图书馆10移开，智能托架对36(这里把图3中的询问器100的元件结合其中)在它们经过顾客或雇员必须通过其才能离开图书馆10的区段时询问文献22。各个被询问的文献22的状态在数据库66中登记。如果文献22没有被正确地检出，将触发可看到的和/或可听到的警报来提醒顾客和图书馆雇员出现了问题。另外，警报可把门(未示出)锁闭，从而防止顾客和雇员离开图书馆10。另外，关于未被检出的文献的信息被记录在数据库中，并且警报不启动。如上所述，出口区段可选择地被监视摄像机38或生物统计学测量装置监测，其被警报信号激活来记录下经过该区段的顾客和雇员的图象或生物统计学数据。图象在顾客或雇员未考虑到警报而携带未被检出的文献22离开图书馆10时是有用的。
在一种选择的情况中，检查在顾客离开图书馆时自动发生。在本实施例中，与智能托架36相连的询问器可读出顾客ID卡(其也包括RFID标签)，也可读出附在文献22上的标签54。当顾客走过智能托架36时，文献22被自动的检查。另外，顾客需要把识别卡插入开启出口或围栏的读卡机。智能托架36被放置在出口或围栏处。当顾客经过出口或围栏时，与智能托架36相连的询问器检查文献22。
这些可选择的情况尤其适合于无人看管的图书馆，典型地可在私人、合作社或大学设施中找到。
如果文献22的标签具有写入和重写功能，标签存储器的一个或多位可被用来表示文献22的“检出”状态。在检出期间，对一位或多位作适当变化。在这种情况下，如果与智能托架36相连的询问器探测到文献被正确地检出，那就不必要搜索数据库66来确定文献22的状态，并且顾客不会听到任何警报或引起任何文献数据库产生搜索而经过该区段。
参考图6，表示图1中的外部智能书投入口32的简要框图。在顾客希望把文献22返回图书馆10时，顾客只把文献堆在智能书投入口32即可。外部智能书投入口32包括台座、面板、隔板等(标为138)，用来在初始时支撑被放置在书投入口32中的文献22。台座138的外部边界与图6中的虚线限定的询问区段110一致。书投入口32也包括用于接收和容纳书投入口32所接收的文献22的收集箱112。
在操作中，一旦顾客能够接近台座138并把文献22放在上面，询问器100读出文献22的标签54并把读出的文献22的接收到的序号与在数据库66中它的序号相比。如果文献22属于图书馆10，书投入口32允许文献22通过投入到收集箱112(如通过松开门114)并给计算机48中的数据库66提供文献22已经被归还的信号。否则，显示面板等(未示出)通知顾客文献22不属于图书馆10，应该从台座138被拿开。如果文献没有标签54并且图书馆10已经把其全部的收藏品都加上了标签，图书馆10也会通知顾客文献22不属于图书馆10，应该从台座138被拿开。如果文献没有标签54并且图书馆10并未把其全部的收藏品都加上标签，即使是在文献不属于图书馆收藏品的情况下，图书馆10也希望接收该文献。任何不属于图书馆10的文献在收集箱112被清空后将被图书馆雇员处理。
在书投入口32的另一实施例中，没有台座138。而是，文献22仅经一个槽掉入或直接落入收集箱112。文献22在落入收集箱112时被询问器100读出，或者在收集箱112被清空后立刻被读出。如果文献22立刻被询问，仅需要询问器100的范围足够到收集箱112的全部区域就够了。
外部书投入口的一个问题是破坏者有时试图损坏原来已经被插入书投入口中的文献或试图损坏书投入口本身。例如，破坏者可能向书投入口注入液体或食物残渣。在最坏的情况下，破坏者可能向书投入口注入易燃液体或燃烧着的物体来试图在那里面放火。为使破坏者最小程度地接近外部智能书投入口32的内部部分，书投入口32可包括与图5中所描述的类似的顾客ID装置68，和用于接近台座138的进入门140。进入门140仅在顾客是授权用户时打开。
书投入口32还可具有探测拥塞的文献22所引起的阻塞的装置，和用来把阻塞向计算机48报告的装置。如果询问器100在询问区段110在延长时间期间上反复探测同一序号就会促使阻塞的发生。
图书馆雇员周期地清空收集箱112并把文献22再归架。为确保所有文献被正确地登记返回，图书馆雇员希望在文献22被再归架前询问收集箱112。可选择地，登记读出器可被定位在与书投入口或图书返回处理工作间相邻，在那里雇员可使文献22被询问，作为分类和处理的过程的一部分。与登记询问器相关的终端可给雇员提供关于特定的处理要求等的指令。
外部书投入口32产生的数据被数据库66使用以产生收集箱内容报告和再归架报告。收集箱内容报告可被用来快速确定感兴趣的特定文献是否在收集箱112中而不必要实际在收集箱112中寻找。收集箱内容报告也突出通常被保持在储备区或被另一顾客要求的文献22。收集箱内容报告也提供关于收集箱112中的文献22的一般的数据。一种类型的收集箱内容报告是用于文献的再归架的再归架报告。图书馆把很巨大的劳动力资源用来对文献再归架(如图书、期刊等)回收藏库中。典型地，所有文献22被带到中央位置，在不同托车上放置的位置(例如地面、堆站或书架、排)被分类并且送到各个书架位置处。再归架报告可被用来大大减少把文献22再归架花费的时间和精力。
图7是收集箱112中5个文献22产生的再归架报告116的样本。报告116提供根据排架位置排序的文献22列表。排架位置可以是包含各个文献的几排书架或帮助雇员返回文献22的任何其它指定信息，例如楼层/排架位置。
提供这种分类归架报告116可帮助再归架处理。例如，在使用报告116的一种再归架方法中，雇员仅移动收集箱112到再归架报告116上所列出的第一位置，把报告116上的第一文献22放置在收集箱112，并把它放在书架上。然后对再归架报告116上的每个文献22重复这个过程。如果收集箱112是不能移动的，文献22仅需要被传送到可移动的托车上并通过一个位置一个位置地移动可移动的托车来执行上述过程。优选地，命令再归架报告116利用经过图书馆的被预先编程的最短的路径路线。从预先指定的位置产生最短的路径路线在已有技术中是公知的。
再参考图1，图书馆10包括公共区16和/或雇员区18中的一个或多个内部智能书投入口34。内部书投入口34类似于外部书投入口32，除了被放置在内部书投入口34中的大部分文献22是图书馆顾客在图书馆中使用的而不被检出的文献22。从而，不必要更新返回的文献22的状态来表示它们已经被登记返回。但是，如果必要，计算机48中的数据库66应被检查并更新，因为被放置在内部书投入口34中的一些文献22可以是正被顾客返回的原来被检出的文献22。
收集箱内容报告也可从内部书投入口34产生。(该报告不包括正被顾客返回的原来被检出的文献22，由于这种信息在别处被跟踪。)收集箱内容报告可经一段时间被汇总一次，并被用来产生在图书馆10中被顾客使用的但未被检出的文献22的历史使用报告。这个信息是尤其有价值的，因为它使图书馆10获取关于其收藏品中的文献22的内部使用数据。图书馆不断评估其收藏品中的文献的使用方式来确定顾客的兴趣趋势所在以确定购买哪种类型的新文献22、什么时候把文献22从图书室移开、怎样最有效利用图书室空间，并协助其它的管理任务。当前，图书馆依靠检出数据、图书管理员的观察和顾客的评述和要求来评估这些项目。但是，检出数据不能获得与图书馆相关的所有顾客活动。典型地，顾客并不都检出他们感兴趣的所有文献22。大部分文献22是不能被检出的参考项目。一些顾客感到难以检出某些文献并且仅在图书馆进行阅读。一些文献22不需要被检出，因为在图书馆顾客能很快从文献22得到所感兴趣的信息。图书管理员的观察和顾客的评述和要求不能准确地获得某些顾客的兴趣。从内部书投入口数据产生的历史使用报告使图书馆更好地获得顾客的倾向和兴趣。
图8是样本历史使用报告136，当然，数据可用任何适当的字段来表示和分类。同样，内部书投入口34的历史使用报告136可与检出文献22的历史使用报告(未示出)结合来获得更准确的所有顾客感兴趣的文献22的图形描述。
为更有效地把文献22再归架，放置在内部和外部书投入口34和32中的文献被周期地放入一辆可移动的托车，并且来自内部和外部书投入口34和32的再归架报告可结合到单独的再归架报告以用于该辆托车。
从书投入口32和34的内容获得的信息也可被用来帮助放置尤其是那些“热门”的另一个顾客需要的文献22。当前图书馆工作人员花费不成比例的时间量来使相对少的热门文献22流通顺畅。准确知道了哪个书投入口32、34包含热门文献22，使热门文献22再流通所花费的时间和精力可被减少。
图9表示用于图1的图书馆10的书架扫描编目系统120。系统120被用于执行编目并证实文献22被放置在正确的书架上。对图书馆的全部收藏品进行编目是极其消耗劳动力的并且易于出错的事情。通过使用系统120，编目过程可被大大简化并且由不熟练的雇员完成。因此，编目检查可比当前更频繁地进行。
系统120使用其输出连接于便携计算机122的便携RFID扫描仪42来执行。便携计算机122把被RFID扫描仪42收集的数据存储在存储器130中并下载该数据到计算机48以更新数据库66。在本发明的一个实施例中，便携计算机122和计算机48各自包括无线通信装置132来使便携计算机122连续地发送扫描仪数据到计算机48。在本发明的另一个实施例中，便携计算机122被周期地硬连线或实际连接于计算机48以从存储器130下载数据。
参考图9，在操作中，RFID扫描仪42被带入书架124附近并且书架124的第一部分1261被扫描仪42询问。扫描仪42从加有标签的文献22读出返回信号(序号)。序号被处理并存储在便携计算机122的存储器130中，并与计算机48的数据库通信。接着，扫描仪42被移动到相邻的书架部分1262，或到另一书架，过程重复进行。为确保没有书架部分被漏掉，扫描仪42可使相邻的但原来被扫描过的书架部分126的一个小区域相互迭加。这一过程引起迭加区128的文献22被扫描两次，但是，如果各个文献22具有唯一的序号，两次扫描对编目扫描的准确性是没有影响的，因为第二次读出可被忽略。
参考图9和10，第一部分1261处于从扫描仪42延伸的预定区段134内。优选地，从扫描仪42发出的询问信号的强度是很强的足以有效地询问书架124的第一部分1261上的所有文献22的，但是，不足够强到到达相邻的书架排上的文献22。这一特征在图10中用图示的划定预定区段134的界限的平行于书架的虚线表示。
在图书馆10中的所有装载文献的位置被扫描后，探测到的序号与存储在已经被检出的文献的数据库66中的图书馆编目进行比较。产生在扫描过程中没有被放置的和未被检出的所有文献22的遗失文献报告。在文献22被假定为丢失之前，实际检查一遍书架来确定是文献22单是用扫描过程判断为丢失了或是掉了或损坏了标签54。
系统120也可被用于确定被错位或错排架的文献22。当各个区段134被询问时，便携计算机122和/或计算机48检查来看看是否读出的任何标签54与不属于被扫描部分126的文献相关。例如，如果区段134覆盖具有图书编号从AD-140-xxxx到AD-190-xxxx的书，具有该范围之外的图书编号的文献22被假定为排错了架。便携计算机122可给雇员提供信号来放置和正确地把被错排架的文献22进行排架。应认识到这种方法不能探测到许多小的排架错误，如当带有相邻的图书编号的文献22在书架上被互换位置时(例如，如果AD-140-332D在AD-140-332E的右边，而不是它本来应该在的左边时。)
本发明使用的标签询问器和扫描仪可探测同时经过询问器的或者同时被扫描的大量文献22。在大部分情况下，各个文献22及时地在不同情况下接收和响应询问器信号，甚至在文献22实际上都是合着的时候。返回信号串被处理来分出各个ID。但是，如果两个文献22在完全相同的情况下返回ID信号，询问器或扫描仪任何一个都能区分返回的信号来恢复两个不同的ID。另外，询问器或扫描仪可忽略同时被接收到的信号并使用没有同时被接受到的随后的返回信号以区分各个ID。
本发明的无限制的其它变形在下面列出。
(1)代替存储和输出序号，标签54可存储和输出关于文献自
身的数据，如它的题目或图书编号。图书出版者等可使用图书出版时的工业上可识别的编码模式来附上并编程标签54。
(2)  和上面讨论的一样，标签54可具有“写入”性能，从而允许它也存储关于文献22的流通或检出状态的数据。写入性能也可被用来存储关于检出文献22的顾客和归还日期的数据。
(3)  图9中的被扫描部分126的集中区是非常小和窄的从而一次扫描仅一个或几个文献22。从而图10中的区段134将包围仅一个或几个文献22。例如，图11表示RFID扫描仪42沿书架124内的单排144文献22移动的模式。各排144被分别扫描。(为了清楚起见，在图11中仅表示出扫描仪42的顶部。)把区段134变窄增加进行编目所需的时间，因为扫描仪42实际上必须更频繁地移动来覆盖各个书架。但是，错排架的文献22更容易被放置在较窄的区段。例如，如果文献22被一个接一个扫描，系统计算机66和/或122能证实是否每个文献具有连续增大的(或减小的)图书编号。以这种方式，相邻的互换的文献22可被探测到。
(4)图5的顾客自检出系统50可选择地包括连接于计算机终端52的信用卡读出器142，用于使非法顾客付费。以这种方式，顾客能很快地补救过错并被授权检出随后的文献22。
(5)研究所通常允许毕业的学生把文献留在大楼中指定的阅览隔间(carol)和阅览亭(kiosk)的某些地方而不能带出大楼。理论上，假设学生把文献放在流通台来记录下文献被暂时放置在指定的阅览隔间。但是，学生通常忽略不这样作。书架扫描编目系统120可被用来获得这些流散的文献。图书馆雇员来来回回从一个阅览隔间走向另一个阅览隔间并且在每个阅览隔间上扫描所有的文献。在文献被扫描之前或之后，识别阅览隔间的位置编码可被附在每个文献后。
(6)通常对特定的文献加上标签并非切实可行的，如珍贵的图书或多媒体产品(例如CD-ROM)。因此，顾客的识别卡可用来跟踪文献的使用和/或控制进出文献要被使用的图书馆的选定区域。以这种模式，顾客ID卡将优选地成为RFID标识卡。例如如果顾客从多媒体室借物品，顾客的RFID卡和文献的夹套和托架(其被加上标签)将被读出并彼此相关。如果文献非常珍贵，(例如8张CD-ROM版的牛津英语词典每张拷贝花费了图书馆$895)，如果顾客试图在返回该套CD-ROM之前离开该室，多媒体室的出口被关闭，托架也关闭。
(7)智能托架36被设计来探测传统的(非智能的)不能活动的共阵标签和标签54。以这种方式，同样的询问装置可被用来探测没有被适当地去除活性的传统的加有标签的文献的移去。同样，简易托架40可被设计来探测标签54和传统的(非智能的)不能活动的共振标签。以这种方式，进出期刊室23的RFID标记的文献将被探测到。
(8)图4所示的数据库记录包括用于各个标记的文献22的保密字段。保密字段可识别文献22的流通限制范围。例如，保密字段可表示文献22必须保持在期刊室23内，或者上述的多媒体室内。保密字段可表示文献22仅可以由选定的顾客来检出，如毕业生或其他预定的顾客群。在文献22在检查柜台或托架36处被检测时，由计算机48检查这些限制。
(9)术语“检出”特别是与图书馆的借书等相关。但是，在上下文中文献的“检出”相当于文献的“移开”，其中检出未必包含文献从储藏区的借出。
(10)尽管本发明的优选实施例在出口使用托架对，也可在适当的地方使用单个托架询问器。
(11)不存在文献的情况下，选定的文献的数据库记录可被授权的图书馆管理人员更改。例如，要求在图书馆入口设置警报，如果探测到过期的文献时触发。也需要在归还期限之前收回文献，从而如果顾客把被正确检出的文献带到图书馆，图书馆雇员将被警示它的存在。
本领域的技术人员应该可以理解在不脱离其发明的概念的情况下可对所述实施例作出各种改变。因此可以理解本发明并不限定在所解释的特定实施例，但是在后附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围之内，本发明涵盖各种变形。

Claims (22)

1、一种与保持在储藏区的文献一起使用的编目控制系统，各个文献具有附在其上的射频标签，每个标签包括用于通过接收询问信号并返回响应信号而探测文献的存在的天线及连接于天线的集成电路，该集成电路用于存储文献标识信息和用于在一接收到标签的询问时输出带有响应信号的文献标识信息，该系统包括：
(a)用于接收从储藏区移开的并且将返回储藏区的文献的至少一个文献返回区，文献返回区包括询问区段；
(b)一个用于监测该区段中的由该区段内一个或多个标签的存在而引起的响应信号形式的干扰的询问器；及
(c)一个用于接收询问器输出信号的数据库，该数据库包括用于系统监测的文献的包括检出状态数据的编目数据，接收到的询问器输出信号被用来更新各个返回的文献的检出状态数据；
该编目控制系统的特征在于，该文献返回区包括用于容纳返回的文献的收集箱，在文献被返回时返回的文献通过该区段并投入收集箱，其中大量的文献可同时被放置在该区段中，该询问器同时询问该区段中的各个文献，询问器对在该区段中探测到的各个标签输出询问器输出信号，各个询问器输出信号包括存储在被询问的标签的集成电路中的标识信息。
2、根据权利要求1的系统，其中系统跟踪与图书馆相关的可为顾客检出利用的文献，并且储藏区包括图书馆的架子。
3、根据权利要求2的系统，其中文献返回区是图书馆书投入口。
4、根据权利要求1的系统，其中数据库包括被系统监测的文献的储藏区位置数据。
5、根据权利要求4的系统，还包括与数据库通信的计算机，计算机包括用于产生文献返回区中文献的储藏区位置报告的装置，该报告有助于文献返回它们在储藏区中的各自适当的位置。
6、根据权利要求1的系统，其中系统跟踪与图书馆相关的文献，并且图书馆内有至少一个文献返回区，编目数据还包括文献使用数据。
7、根据权利要求1的系统，该系统还包括：
容纳大量文献的台座；
门，用于使台座上容纳的文献在门一打开时就可通过投入到收集箱；及
与数据库通信来更新要被返还的文献的流通状态的处理器；
其中，询问器同时询问放置在台座上的顾客想要返还的大量文献，接收包含用于要被返还的大量文献的每一个的存储的文献标识信息的响应信号，其中，一接收到来自各个文献的可接受的响应信号询问器就把门松开；
数据库为包括图书馆中的文献和各个文献的流通状态的编目数据库，数据库接收用于要被返还的每个文献的文献标识信息。
8、根据权利要求7的系统，还包括射频识别标签的顾客识别卡，顾客识别卡包括以电子方式存储其上的顾客识别信息，其中顾客识别卡被放置在台座上并与要被返还的文献同时被询问。
9、根据权利要求8的系统，其中数据库包括用于存储相应于任意预先被检出的文献的顾客识别标识的字段。
10、根据权利要求7的系统，还包括：
用于获得检出区的图象并输出获得的图象的视频信号的视频摄像机；和
用于把视频信号存储在视频存储介质上的视频记录机。
11、根据权利要求1的系统，该系统还包括：
包括图书馆中的文献列表和各个文献的流通状态的编目数据库；
用于相对系统来识别顾客的顾客识别装置；
放置在文献检出区中的文献检出系统，该检出系统包括用于询问顾客想要从储藏区移开的文献的第一询问器，该第一询问器接收包含用于要被移开的文献的存储的文献标识信息的响应信号；
与第一询问器和数据库通信的处理器，该处理器接收顾客识别信息和用于要从第一询问器移开的文献的文献标识信息，并更新带有要被移开的文献的流通状态的编目数据库；
包括用于接收从储藏区移开的并且将返回储藏区的文献的至少一个文献返回区的文献登记系统；及
与处理器通信的第二询问器，该第二询问器在登记区段监测由该区段内的标签的存在而引起的响应信号形式的干扰，该第二询问器同时询问该区段中的各个文献并对该区段中探测到的各个标签输出询问器输出信号，各个询问器输出信号包括存储在被询问的标签的集成电路中的用于被返回的文献的标识信息，其中编目的数据库接收询问器输出信号并更新被一起返回的各个文献的检出状态数据。
12、根据权利要求11的系统，还包括：
出口询问器，用于从储藏区监测出口，该出口询问器用于询问经过出口并随后被从储藏区移开的文献，该出口询问器接收来自与该文献相关的标签的响应信号，该响应信号包含用于经过出口的文献的存储的文献标识信息。
13、根据权利要求12的系统，还包括耦合于出口询问器的出口处理器，该处理器接收来自出口询问器的包括响应信号的标识信息的输出信号，其中处理器比较接收到的标识信息与存储在数据库中的信息以判定是否该文献在数据库中被记录为已检出。
14、根据权利要求13的系统，其中如果经过出口的文献在数据库没有被记录为已检出，出口询问器将激活警报。
15、根据权利要求11的系统，其中图书馆包括期刊室，系统还包括位于期刊室的出口处的区段询问器，用于探测被加有标签的文献从期刊室移开。
16、根据权利要求15的系统，其中响应于文献从期刊室移开的探测，该区段询问器激活警报。
17、根据权利要求11的系统，还包括：
在不连续部分扫描储藏区的、探测由从可移动的询问器可探测的预定区段内的标签的存在而引起的响应信号形式的干扰的、当在该区段中探测到标签时输出询问器输出信号的可移动的询问器，各个询问器输出信号包括存储在被询问的标签的集成电路中的标识信息，其中数据库接收标识信息并使用该标识信息来更新存储在其中的文献的流通状态。
18、根据权利要求11的系统，还包括：
用于获得检出区的图象并输出获得的图象的视频信号的视频摄像机；和
用于把视频信号存储在视频存储介质上的视频记录机。
19、根据权利要求11的系统，其中标签是在物理上没有去除活性的标签。
20、根据权利要求1的系统，该系统还包括：
包括图书馆中的文献列表和各个文献的流通状态的编目数据库；
用于相对系统来识别顾客的顾客识别装置；
放置在图书馆的文献检出区中的文献检出系统，该检出系统包括用于询问顾客想要从图书馆移开的文献的第一询问器，该第一询问器接收包含用于要被移开的存储的文献标识信息的响应信号；
与第一询问器和数据库通信的处理器，该处理器接收顾客识别信息和用于要从第一询问器移开的文献的文献标识信息，并更新带有要被移开的文献的流通状态的编目数据库；
用于获得检出区的图象并输出获得的图象的视频信号的视频摄像机；
用于把视频信号存储在视频存储介质上的视频记录机；
包括用于接收从图书馆移开的文献的至少一个文献返回区的文献登记系统，在文献被返回时各个返回的文献通过一个登记区段；
与编目数据库通信的第二询问器，该第二询问器在登记区段监测由该区段内的标签的存在而引起的响应信号形式的干扰，并在该区段中探测到标签时输出询问器输出信号，各个询问器输出信号包括存储在被询问的标签的集成电路中的用于被返回的文献的标识信息，其中编目的数据库接收询问器输出信号并使用该询问器输出信号更新被返回的文献的检出状态；
用于扫描图书馆的不连续部分并探测由从该移动的询问器可探测的预定区段内的标签的存在而引起的响应信号形式的干扰，并在该区段中探测到标签时输出询问器输出信号的可移动的询问器，其中位于不连续部分的大量文献可同时被扫描，各个询问器输出信号包括存储在被询问的标签的集成电路中的标识信息，其中数据库接收标识信息并仅用从被询问的加有标签的文献获得的标识信息更新存储在那的文献的流通状态；
用于从图书馆监测出口的出口询问器，该出口询问器用于询问经过出口并随后从图书馆被移开的文献，该出口询问器接收来自与该文献相关的标签的响应信号，该响应信号包含用于经过出口的文献的存储的文献标识信息；
耦合于出口询问器的出口处理器，该处理器接收来自出口询问器的包括响应信号的标识信息的输出信号，其中出口处理器比较接收到的标识信息与存储在数据库中的信息以判定是否该文献在其中被记录为已检出，其中如果经过出口的文献在数据库中没有记录为已检出，出口询问器将激活警报；及
位于图书馆预定区的出口处的区段询问器，该区段询问器用于探测被加有标签的文献从预定区的移开，其中响应于文献从预定区移开的探测，该区段询问器激活警报。
21、一种与保持在储藏区的文献一起使用的编目控制方法，各个文献具有附在其上的射频标签，各个标签包括用于通过接收询问信号并返回响应信号而探测文献的存在的天线及连接于天线的用于存储文献标识信息并用于在一接收到标签的询问时输出带有响应信号的文献标识信息的集成电路，该方法包括步骤：
(a)用可移动的询问器扫描储藏区的一部分，可移动的询问器探测由从询问器延伸的预定区段中的文献上标签的存在而引起的响应信号形式的干扰，并当在该区段中探测到标签时输出询问器输出信号，各个询问器输出信号包括存储在被询问的标签的集成电路中的标识信息，其中位于储藏区的一部分中的大量文献可被同时扫描；
(b)对储藏区的相邻部分及对储藏区的所有剩余部分重复步骤(a)；
(c)接收数据库中的询问器输出信号，数据库包括用于保持在储藏区中的文献的编目数据，其中编目数据仅使用从加有标签的文献获得的接收到的询问器输出信号而被更新；
(d)利用接收的询问器输出信号和编目数据，以确定是否一个特定扫描部分中的一文献是在属于该扫描部分中的若干文献之范围外，以及如果是，则
(e)发信号报告该文献被错误放置。
22、根据权利要求21的方法，其中储藏区包括图书馆中的书架排，步骤(a)包括通过连续扫描书架的相邻部分来扫描各个书架。
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