CN111542640B - 表面质量和耐蚀性优异的锌合金镀覆钢材及其制造方法 - Google Patents

表面质量和耐蚀性优异的锌合金镀覆钢材及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN111542640B
CN111542640B CN201880084534.3A CN201880084534A CN111542640B CN 111542640 B CN111542640 B CN 111542640B CN 201880084534 A CN201880084534 A CN 201880084534A CN 111542640 B CN111542640 B CN 111542640B
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zinc alloy
layer
plating
plated steel
corrosion resistance
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CN111542640A (zh
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孙一领
金泰喆
金正国
安絅辰
金廷训
郑淙云
朴进绪
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Posco Holdings Inc
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Posco Co Ltd
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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种可以用于车辆、家用电器、建筑材料等的镀覆钢材，更具体地，涉及一种表面质量和耐蚀性优异的锌合金镀覆钢材及其制造方法。

Description

表面质量和耐蚀性优异的锌合金镀覆钢材及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可以用于车辆、家用电器、建筑材料等的镀覆钢材，更具体地，涉及一种表面质量和耐蚀性优异的锌合金镀覆钢材及其制造方法。
背景技术
通过阴极防蚀法抑制铁的腐蚀的镀锌法因其防蚀性和经济性优异而被广泛应用于制造具有高耐蚀特性的钢材。尤其，与电镀锌钢材相比，在熔融锌中浸渍钢材以形成镀层的热浸镀锌钢材的制造工艺简单，产品价格低廉，因此在车辆、家用电器产品和建筑材料等的整个工业中的需求正在逐渐增加。
热浸镀锌钢材具有牺牲腐蚀保护(Sacrificial Corrosion Protection)特性，即当暴露在腐蚀环境中时，氧化还原电位低于铁的锌先被腐蚀，由此抑制钢材的腐蚀，并且，镀层的锌被氧化的同时在钢材表面形成致密的腐蚀产物，以使钢材免受氧化气氛的影响，从而提高钢材的耐腐蚀性。
然而，随着工业的高度发展，空气污染和腐蚀环境的恶化越来越严重，并且由于对资源和节能的严格管制，迫切需要开发一种具有比传统的镀锌钢材更优异的耐蚀性的钢材。作为其中一个环节，已进行了多种有关在镀锌浴中添加铝(Al)、镁(Mg)等元素来提高钢材的耐蚀性的锌合金基镀覆钢材的制造技术的研究。作为代表性锌合金基镀覆钢材，正在积极研究有关在Zn-Al镀覆组成体系中额外添加Mg的Zn-Al-Mg基镀覆钢材的制造技术(专利文献1)。
通常，用于工业的很多镀覆钢材通过切割、弯曲、拉伸等多种加工被制造成最终产品。在这种情况下，切割面或者加工面由于基材铁被暴露或者镀层破损而存在耐蚀性降低的问题。尤其，与一般镀锌层相比，Zn-Al-Mg基合金镀覆的镀层具有脆性，因此所述加工面会更脆弱。在现有技术中，针对改善所述加工部的耐蚀性的研究并不多。
现有技术文献
(专利文献1)日本公开专利公报第2002-332555号
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本发明的一个方面的目的在于提供一种表面质量优异且可以确保截面部和加工部的优异的耐蚀性的锌合金镀覆钢材及其制造方法。
本发明要解决的技术问题并不限于以上所提及的问题，本领域的技术人员可以从以下记载中清楚地理解未提及的其他技术问题。
(二)技术方案
本发明的一个方面涉及表面质量和耐蚀性优异的锌合金镀覆钢材，其包括：基材铁；锌合金镀层，形成在所述基材铁上；以及抑制层，形成在所述基材铁与锌合金镀层之间，所述锌合金镀层表面的Zn相的面积分数为15～90％，所述抑制层包含以2μm以下的厚度形成的Zn/MgZn2/Al三元合金相层，所述三元合金相层的比率为整个面积的30～90％。
本发明的另一个方面涉及表面质量和耐蚀性优异的锌合金镀覆钢材的制造方法，其包括以下步骤：准备基材铁；将所述基材铁浸入镀浴中并进行镀覆；对已进行镀覆的所述基材铁进行擦拭并进行冷却，所述冷却满足以下关系式1，
[关系式1]
0.7Vc≤Vc'≤1.5Vc
其中，Vc是擦拭后到镀层完成凝固为止的冷却速度，Vc'是擦拭后到镀层凝固开始为止的冷却速度。
(三)有益效果
根据本发明，可以提供一种通过防止镀层表面的变色来确保优异的表面特性且截面部和加工部均具有优异的耐蚀性的锌合金镀覆钢材及其制造方法。由此，可以将应用领域扩大到过去应用受限的领域。
附图说明
图1是观察本发明的实施例中发明例3的镀层截面的照片。
图2是观察本发明的实施例中比较例2的镀层截面的照片。
图3是观察所述图1的照片中形成在抑制层上的Zn/MgZn2/Al的三元合金相层的照片。
图4是示出镀覆钢材和擦拭喷嘴的示意图。
最佳实施方式
一般的镀锌是凝固为Zn单相，而在Zn-Al-Mg基锌合金镀层中，Zn相、Mg和Zn的合金相、Al相等共存。根据由镀浴中的微量元素、制造工艺等获得的基材铁表面的物理状态和化学状态，所述镀层组织将形成为非常复杂的镀层结构。
在Zn-Al-Mg基锌合金镀层(以下称为锌合金镀层或镀层)的镀覆组织中，Zn和Mg的合金相可以由MgZn2、Mg2Zn11等多种金属间化合物组成，并且其硬度达到Hv250～300。另外，所述镀层与基材铁的界面可以形成有由Fe和Al的金属间化合物组成的抑制层(InhibitionLayer)。所述Fe和Al的金属间化合物有Fe4Al13、Fe2Al5等。这些金属间化合物也具有高脆性，因此在物理变形时容易产生镀层裂纹。
本发明的锌合金镀覆钢材包括：基材铁；锌合金镀层，形成在所述基材铁上；抑制层(Inhibition Layer)，形成在所述基材铁与锌合金镀层之间。
虽然对锌合金镀层的组成不作特别的限定，但作为一个优选例，以重量％计，所述锌合金镀层包含：Mg：0.5～3.5％、Al：0.5～20.0％以及余量的Zn和不可避免的杂质。
所述镁(Mg)在提高锌基镀覆钢材的耐蚀性方面具有非常重要的作用，并且在腐蚀环境下，所述Mg在镀层表面形成致密的锌氢氧化物基腐蚀产物，从而有效防止锌基镀覆钢材的腐蚀。为了获得所述效果，优选包含0.5重量％以上的所述Mg，更优选包含0.8重量％以上的所述Mg。但是，当所述Mg含量过多时，在镀浴表面上，Mg氧化浮渣迅速增多。从防止所述问题的方面考虑，所述Mg优选为3.5重量％以下，更优选为2.0重量％以下。
所述铝(Al)抑制镀浴内形成Mg氧化物浮渣，并且与镀浴中的Zn和Mg反应并形成Zn-Al-Mg基金属间化合物，从而提高镀覆钢材的耐腐蚀性。为了获得所述效果，优选包含0.5重量％以上的所述Al，更优选包含0.8重量％以上的所述Al。但是，当所述Al含量过多时，镀覆钢材的焊接性和磷酸盐的处理性能会劣化，因此，从防止所述问题的方面考虑，所述Al优选为20.0重量％以下，更优选为6.0重量％以下，为使镀浴的凝固行为迅速进行，所述Al进一步优选为3.0重量％以下。
其余包括锌(Zn)和不可以避免的杂质。
在所述锌合金镀覆钢板中，锌合金镀层与基材铁之间形成有抑制层(InhibitionLayer)。所述抑制层由Fe和Al的金属间化合物(例如，Fe4Al13、Fe2Al5等)构成。所述抑制层由微细的晶粒构成，当所述晶粒的尺寸粗大时，所述抑制层具有脆性。因此，当外部应力施加于钢板时，所述抑制层被破坏，由此可能会因镀层的剥离或加工裂纹而降低耐蚀性。因此，所述抑制层的晶粒尺寸优选为300nm以下，晶粒的平均尺寸优选为100nm以下。
在所述抑制层上，优选形成有以2μm以下的厚度形成的Zn、MgZn2、Al的三元合金相层(Layer)。在腐蚀环境中，基材铁与锌合金镀层的界面首次开始牺牲阴极反应。当在基材铁与锌合金镀层的界面部位形成有所述三元合金相时，在产品截面部暴露于腐蚀环境中时牺牲腐蚀保护效果从界面开始增大，并且牺牲腐蚀保护效果持续体现。这是由于主要参与牺牲腐蚀保护的Zn、Mg和有利于形成钝态薄膜的Al集中在镀层与基材铁的界面部位。所述三元合金相层优选形成在所述抑制层上，并且优选形成整个面积的30％以上。然而，当所述三元合金相层形成过度时，镀层上部的硬度降低，因此镀层的摩擦特性可能会降低，因而所述三元合金相层优选不超过90％。确认所述三元合金相层的方法的一个例子为，扩大截面倍率并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)或透射电子显微镜(TEM)来确认的方法。另一个方法为，将镀层用盐酸(HCI)水溶液溶解后观察表面来观察残留于所述抑制层上部的三元合金相层的方法。另一方面，当观察所述截面时，可以沿着截面的边界测定所述三元合金相层在抑制层整个长度中形成的长度。
当Zn、MgZn2、Al的三元合金相层在抑制层上的厚度超过2μm时，基材铁与锌合金镀层的界面部位的牺牲腐蚀保护效果会减少，由此截面部的耐蚀性提高效果也会减少。因此，调节材料状态或冷却条件以使所述三元合金相层的厚度不超过2μm，这点很重要。
所述锌合金镀层包含Zn相、Mg和Zn的合金相(例如，MgZn2、Mg2Zn11等)、Al相等。以面积分数计，在本发明的锌合金镀层表面所观察到的微细组织优选包含15～90％的Zn相。在所述镀层表面产生的微细组织与镀层表面特性密切相关。当所述镀层表面的Zn相比率小时，在长期保管镀覆钢板时，由于受到Mg氧化的影响，镀层表面的颜色会变暗，因此，所述表面的Zn相优选为15％以上。另一方面，当所述Zn相比率超过90％时，需要过度的冷却，由此会降低生产性，因此不优选。
如上所述，在所述锌合金镀层内包含多种相(pahse)，其中，Zn相与MgZn2相可以包含层状(lamella)结构的二元相。在本发明的锌合金镀层中，优选地，在所述锌合金镀层内包含的Zn相和MgZn2相的层状结构中所述Zn相和MgZn2相的宽方向上的平均厚度为1.5μm以下。所述MgZn2相比Zn相具有脆性，因此当层状结构的组织粗大形成时，受外部应力而断裂的可能性会高。因此，在形成于镀层的表面至内部的Zn相和MgZn2相的层状结构中，Zn相和MgZn2相的宽方向上的平均厚度分别优选为1.5μm以下(0除外)。优选地，在所述锌合金镀层内包含的Zn相和MgZn2相的层状结构在锌合金镀层表面的比率最大为70％。所述宽度方向上的厚度可以通过测定所述镀层内层状结构的10处以上的厚度并得出其平均值的方法来得出。
下面，对本发明的锌合金镀覆钢材的制造方法的一个实施例进行详细说明。本发明的锌合金镀覆钢材的制造方法包括：准备基材铁，并将准备的基材铁浸入镀浴中进行镀覆，然后通过擦拭调节镀层的厚度并进行冷却的过程。
在准备所述基材铁时，优选地，首先使热轧钢材的金属组织均匀。由此，所述热轧钢材的晶粒的平均尺寸优选为1～100μm。所述热轧钢材的晶粒优选为表层部(从表面到总厚度的1/8以内)。当发生热轧钢材的组织尤其表面组织不均匀时，由于冷轧时表面形状的不均匀和形成抑制层所需的Fe从基材铁的不均匀扩散，难以形成均匀的抑制层，并且，形成在抑制层上部的三元相也没有均匀地形成，由此截面部的耐蚀性会降低。为此，所述热轧钢材的晶粒的平均尺寸优选为1～100μm。晶粒尺寸更优选为1～50μm，或者进一步优选为5～30μm。
当所述热轧钢材的晶粒小于1μm时，虽然有利于确保强度，但在进行冷轧时，可能会由于晶粒而增加表面粗糙度。另外，当所述晶粒超过100μm时，虽然有利于形状的同质化，但由于热轧温度上升过度而可能会产生氧化皮缺陷，并且产品制造成本也会增加。用于获得所述热轧钢材的晶粒尺寸的方案的一个例子为，将热轧温度至少保持在800℃以上，或者在热轧后将收卷温度提高至550℃以上。
在通过对所述热轧钢材进行冷轧来制造冷轧钢材时，冷轧钢材的表面粗糙度(Ra)优选为0.2～1.0μm，陡度为0.2～1.2。
所述表面粗糙度是根据辊对材料进行轧制时辊的压力和辊的表面形状来确定。当所述表面粗糙度超过1.0μm时，粗糙度会变大，因此形成镀层时会形成不均匀的抑制层，并且在镀层内形成相(phase)间时增加不均匀度。另一方面，当所述表面粗糙度小于0.2μm时，表面摩擦系数会减小，由此钢材容易在辊上滑动。
所述陡度的测定是，在平坦的平板上放置宽度为1m以上、长度为2m以上的钢材并使其表面紧贴在平板上，然后测定钢材的弯曲程度。所述陡度用弯曲高度(H)除以波长(P)后乘以100的值表示。即，用高度(H)/波长(P)x100的计算式表示。陡度越小，表示钢材的平坦程度越优异。当所述陡度超过1.2时，由于钢材的弯曲度大，在钢材通过镀浴时，对表面流动产生偏差，因此对抑制层的形成和镀层的均质化产生不利影响。所述陡度越小越有利，为了将陡度控制为小于0.2，有如降低冷轧速度的方案，但这种方案需要过多的工艺成本，因此不优选。
将所述粗糙度和所述陡度控制在适当范围内的方法不限于某一个方法。在冷轧的最后轧制步骤中，优选将压下率设定为2～5％的范围。在轧制中需要对钢板施加适当的张力。另外，作为用于赋予表面粗糙度的一个例子，可以在钢表面进行等离子体处理。即，在所述冷轧时，最终形状由最后轧辊确定，因此优选将轧制率设定为5％以下。然而，当厚度为0.5mm的薄板时，为了减少剪切轧制的超负荷，优选将轧制率设定为2％以上。
另一方面，可以根据需求，在600～850℃的温度下对如上所述的冷轧材料进行退火热处理。在进行所述退火时，炉内气氛优选使用氮气(N2)中包含1～10体积％的氢气(H2)的气体。当所述氢气的浓度小于1体积％时，难以还原钢表面的氧化物，当所述氢气的浓度超过10体积％时，制造成本会增加，因此，优选包含1～10体积％的所述氢气。
在进行所述退火时，随着气氛内露点温度的不同，构成在基材铁表面上形成的氧化薄膜的成分比率随之改变，而且内部的氧化比率也会随之改变，因此，所述露点温度优选控制在-60～-10℃。当所述露点温度小于-60℃时，会在原料气体的纯度管理上产生过多的费用，因此不优选。另一方面，当所述露点温度超过-10℃时，基材铁表面的污染物可能无法顺利还原，并且可能会形成钢中包含的微量元素或者B，Mn等杂质的氧化薄膜，由此有害于镀覆的润湿性。
通过将如上所述准备的基材铁浸入镀浴中并取出的镀覆工艺来制造锌合金镀覆钢材。以重量％计，所述镀浴中包含：Al：0.5～20.0％、Mg：0.5～3.5％以及余量的Zn和不可以避免的杂质。关于所述各成分的说明，与上述说明锌合金镀层的内容相同。
在所述镀浴中浸渍的基材铁表面形成Fe和Al的抑制层，所述抑制层上形成与镀浴成分相似的镀层，并且钢板从镀浴中被取出。在这种情况下，镀浴的温度优选为430～500℃。当所述镀浴温度小于430℃时，即使将基材铁浸入镀浴中，也无法在基材铁表面顺利进行氧化物分解，因此不利于形成抑制层。另一方面，当镀浴的温度超过500℃时，在镀浴表面明显产生浮渣并发生Mg氧化，因此不优选。
所述镀覆工艺可以使用将部件单独地浸入镀浴中的方法和将钢材(尤其，钢板)连续地通过镀浴来形成镀层的连续热浸镀方法。在进行所述连续热浸镀时，钢材的板通过速度优选为60～200MPM(每分钟的通过距离，meter per min.)。当所述板通过速度小于60MPM时，产品生产性降低，当所述板通过速度超过200MPM时，会导致所述抑制层与镀层的不均匀。
可以通过镀浴上部的被称为气刀(air knife)的擦拭喷嘴调节从所述镀浴中取出的锌合金镀覆钢材的镀层厚度并进行冷却。所述擦拭喷嘴通过喷射空气或者非活性气体调节镀层厚度。通过所述擦拭喷嘴时的镀层和钢材的温度及擦拭喷嘴的工艺会影响镀层的组织形成。
图4是示意示出镀覆钢材和擦拭喷嘴的示意图。参考图4，在本发明中，所述擦拭喷嘴的气体喷射压力P、擦拭喷嘴与钢材的距离D、擦拭喷嘴槽(slot)厚度t、钢材的板通过速度S以及镀浴温度T优选满足通过关系式2计算得出的工作指数(working index)为0.5～40的范围。
[关系式2]
工作指数
Figure GDA0002558574550000091
其中，P：擦拭气体压力(KPa)，D：擦拭喷嘴与镀覆钢材的距离(mm)，t：擦拭喷嘴槽厚度(mm)，S：板通过速度(MPM)，T：镀浴温度(℃)。
所述工作指数作为镀覆前基材铁的形状因素，在表面粗糙度(Ra)为0.2～1.0μm、陡度为0.2～1.2的状态下生成镀层时适合形成优选的镀覆结构。即，所述工作指数可以使镀层内层状组织细化的同时容易在镀覆铁与基材铁界面的抑制层(inhibition layer)上直接生成三元工艺合金。当所述工作指数为小于0.5时，镀层表面的Zn相分数减少，因此容易引起镀覆表面变色，并且由于层状组织粗大，在加工时容易产生镀覆裂纹。另一方面，当所述工作指数超过40时，容易在镀层表面产生流纹等瑕疵。因此，由所述关系式2定义的工作指数(working index)优选为0.5～40。
在所述擦拭工艺后，将镀覆钢材进行冷却，并且，所述冷却优选满足下述关系式1。
[关系式1]
0.7Vc≤Vc'≤1.5Vc
其中，Vc是擦拭后到镀层完成凝固为止的平均冷却速度，Vc'是擦拭后到镀层凝固开始为止的平均冷却速度。
作为影响镀层内相的结构和生长的因素，在液相状态下调节镀层厚度后到开始凝固时的平均冷却速度(Vc')与在液相状态下调节镀层厚度后完成凝固时的平均冷却速度(Vc)的比(Vc'/Vc)优先为0.7～1.5，由此获得优选组织。
具体实施方式
下面，对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。下述实施例仅仅用于理解本发明，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围。这是因为本发明的保护范围由权利要求书记载的事项和由此合理类推的事项确定。
(实施例)
将厚度为0.8mm的冷轧钢板用作基材铁，以准备包含0.03％的C、0.2％的Si、0.15％的Mn、0.01％的P以及0.01％的S的车辆外板用基础钢板，其中，基础钢板的表面粗糙度(Ra)和陡度如表1所示。将所述冷轧钢板卷板连续地浸渍于Zn-Al-Mg合金镀浴中并取出，并且通过擦拭工艺和冷却来制造出锌合金镀覆钢板。具体条件如表1所示。
将制造的所述锌合金镀覆钢板的镀层成分和擦拭喷嘴的喷射压力P、擦拭喷嘴与钢板的距离D、擦拭喷嘴槽(slot)厚度t、钢材的板通过速度S和镀浴温度T作为下述表1的条件，计算所述关系式2的工作指数(Working Index)，并表示在表1中。
测定从如上所述制造的锌合金镀覆钢板的表面观察到的Zn相的面积分数、存在于从表面到镀层厚度的70％内的层状结构的Zn相与MgZn2相的宽度方向上的间距、包含在抑制层2μm以内的Zn/MgZn2/Al的三元合金相层的面积分数，并将其结果表示在表2中。
并且，为了确认每个锌合金镀覆钢板的特性，对表面特性、截面部和加工部的耐蚀性进行评价，并将其结果表示在表2中。关于所述表面特性，测定流纹和表面变色程度，关于表面变色程度，在测定每个试片表面的色差，然后将试片在50℃的温度和95％的湿度条件下放置24小时，然后再次测定试片的色差，从而评价亮度值减少的数值(dE)。关于所述截面部和加工部的耐蚀性，对每个样本进行在ISO TC 156中规定的循环盐雾腐蚀测试(CyclicCorrosion Test)。记录在试片切割面生成红锈的反复腐蚀测试次数(循环(cycle)次数)和将试片弯曲180°后进行腐蚀测试并在弯曲的部位生成红锈的反复腐蚀测试次数。
[表1]
Figure GDA0002558574550000111
[表2]
Figure GDA0002558574550000112
另一方面，图1是观察所述发明例3的镀层截面的照片。如图1所示，可知在基础钢板11上存在镀层，在镀层上形成有Zn单相12和层状组织13，并且所述层状组织13微细，因此可以减少加工时产生裂纹。图3是观察所述图1中的基础钢板11与Zn单相12之间的界面的照片，可以得知形成有抑制层14和Zn/MgZn2/Al的三元合金相。具体地，可以得知形成有MgZn2相15、Al相16、Zn相17。另一方面，图2是观察所述比较例2的镀层截面的照片，可以得知所形成的层状组织23粗大。因此，可以得知加工时容易产生裂纹。
在所述表2和图1至图3的结果中，满足本发明的条件的发明例能够确保优异的表面特性，在截面部和加工部中也能够确保优异的耐蚀性。

Claims (8)

1.一种表面质量和耐蚀性优异的锌合金镀覆钢材，其包括：
基材铁；
锌合金镀层，形成在所述基材铁上；以及
抑制层，形成在所述基材铁与锌合金镀层之间，
所述锌合金镀层表面的Zn相的面积分数为15～90％，
所述抑制层包含以2μm以下的厚度形成的Zn/MgZn2/Al三元合金相层，所述三元合金相层以30～90％的面积分数覆盖所述抑制层表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的表面质量和耐蚀性优异的锌合金镀覆钢材，其中，
所述锌合金镀层包含Zn相和MgZn2相的层状结构，所述Zn相和所述MgZn2相的宽度方向上的平均厚度分别为1.5μm以下。
3.根据权利要求1所述的表面质量和耐蚀性优异的锌合金镀覆钢材，其中，
所述抑制层的Fe-Al基金属间化合物的晶粒尺寸为300nm以下。
4.根据权利要求1所述的表面质量和耐蚀性优异的锌合金镀覆钢材，其中，
以重量％计，所述锌合金镀层包含：Mg：0.5～3.5％、Al：0.5～20.0％以及余量的Zn和不可避免的杂质。
5.一种表面质量和耐蚀性优异的锌合金镀覆钢材的制造方法，其包括以下步骤：
准备基材铁；
将所述基材铁浸入包含Mg和Al的锌合金镀浴中并进行镀覆；以及
对已镀覆的所述基材铁进行擦拭并进行冷却，
所述冷却满足以下关系式1，
所述准备基材铁的步骤包括准备热轧钢材，并对所述热轧钢材进行冷轧，以制造表面粗糙度为0.2～1.0μm、陡度为0.2～1.2的冷轧钢材，
以重量％计，所述镀浴组成包含：Mg：0.5～3.5％、Al：0.5～20.0％以及余量的Zn和不可避免的杂质，
所述镀覆和所述擦拭工艺满足下述关系式2的工作指数为0.5～40的范围，
[关系式1]
0.7Vc≤Vc'≤1.5Vc
其中，Vc是擦拭后到镀层完成凝固为止的平均冷却速度，Vc'是擦拭后到镀层凝固开始为止的平均冷却速度，
[关系式2]
Figure FDA0003597965730000021
其中，P：擦拭气体压力，单位为k Pa；D：擦拭喷嘴与镀覆钢材的距离，单位为mm；t：擦拭喷嘴槽厚度，单位为mm；S：板通过速度，单位为米/分钟；T：镀浴温度，单位为℃。
6.根据权利要求5所述的表面质量和耐蚀性优异的锌合金镀覆钢材的制造方法，其中，
所述热轧钢材的表层部的晶粒尺寸为1～100μm。
7.根据权利要求5所述的表面质量和耐蚀性优异的锌合金镀覆钢材的制造方法，其中，
所述镀浴温度为430～500℃。
8.根据权利要求5所述的表面质量和耐蚀性优异的锌合金镀覆钢材的制造方法，其中，
在进行所述镀覆时，板通过速度为60～200米/分钟。
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