CN105763093A - 电功率转换装置 - Google Patents

电功率转换装置 Download PDF

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CN105763093A
CN105763093A CN201610204820.1A CN201610204820A CN105763093A CN 105763093 A CN105763093 A CN 105763093A CN 201610204820 A CN201610204820 A CN 201610204820A CN 105763093 A CN105763093 A CN 105763093A
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diode
power conversion
electric power
switch element
synchronous rectification
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前田敏行
关本守满
日比野宽
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Daikin Industries Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4225—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a non-isolated boost converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/275—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/293—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/275—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/297—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal for conversion of frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/2195—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration the switches being synchronously commutated at the same frequency of the AC input voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K17/081—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
    • H03K17/0814—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the output circuit
    • H03K17/08142—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the output circuit in field-effect transistor switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0051—Diode reverse recovery losses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种电功率转换装置。直交流转换电路(120)构成为由六个开关元件(130)进行同步整流。所述开关元件(130)是由使用宽带隙半导体的单极元件(在此是碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)构成。直交流转换电路(120)使用碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(130)作为回流二极管，进行同步整流。

Description

电功率转换装置
本申请是申请号为200980103491.X的发明专利申请(国际申请号：PCT/JP2009/000205，申请日：2009年01月21日，发明名称：电功率转换装置)的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有由使用宽带隙半导体的单极元件构成的开关元件的电功率转换装置。
背景技术
作为电功率转换装置开关元件的材料，现在广泛地使用硅。然而，用硅作为材料的开关元件的特性，越来越接近理论极限。超过硅的理论极限的材料碳化硅(SiC)、氮化镓(GaN)、金刚石等宽带隙半导体的开发正在进行。使用宽带隙半导体的电功率装置中具有超低损耗、高速高温动作的特点。这些宽带隙半导体中，作为功率装置最受注目的是氮化硅装置，作为电功率转换装置的开关元件，碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(SiCMOSFET)被视为是最有前景的。
在驱动电感负载的直交流转换器中，是在开关元件上并联了二极管。这样的二极管被称作回流二极管，向相反方向流动电流。作为开关元件使用了碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管的直交流转换器上，并列于碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管连接了碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管(SiCSBD)，将碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管作为回流二极管使用，这种构成正被研究。
专利文献1：日本公开专利公报特开平10-327585号公报
专利文献2：日本公开专利公报特开2007-129848号公报
非专利文献1：日刊工业新闻社《半导体碳化硅技术和应用》，松波弘之编著，2003
非专利文献2：欧姆社《碳化硅元件的基础和应用》，荒井和雄、吉田贞史共著，2003
发明内容
－发明所要解决的技术问题－
通过以上所述那样的构成可以使在回流二极管上的损耗降到最低，但是因为需要碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管而招致装置变大及成本增加的问题。
－为解决问题的技术方案－
根据本发明的电功率转换装置，是构成为由开关元件130进行同步整流的电功率转换装置，以所述开关元件130是由使用宽带隙半导体的单极元件构成，所述单极元件内的寄生二极管131作为回流二极管使用为特征的。
还有，以作为所述回流二极管用的寄生二极管131中流过逆向电流之际接通所述单极元件并在所述单极元件一侧流过逆向电流，由此进行同步整流为特征的。
这样通过使用寄生二极管131，不再需要另外设置回流二极管132，只由开关元件130就可构成，这样就降低了成本。还有，通过同步整流，开关元件130通电，就可以比寄生二极管131单体还要抑制通态损耗。
还有，以所述电功率转换装置是使用于空调机的装置为特征的。再有，以所述空调机的制热中间负载条件中所述开关元件130的电流实效值Irms和通态电阻Ron的关系为：Irms<0.9/Ron为特征的。
只要选定这样的开关元件130进行同步整流，在制热中间负载条件中，即便是不设置回流二极管132，也可以达到同等以上的效果，并且能够使降低成本和提高效率双方成立。
还有，以所述宽带隙半导体采用碳化硅(SiC)、氮化镓(GaN)、或金刚石中的任何一种为特征的。
还有，以所述单极元件是金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)为特征的。
还有，以包括构成为由所述开关元件130进行同步整流的直交流转换器120、交直流转换器110、矩阵交直流转换器700、升压斩波器111的至少一个为特征的。
本发明提供一种电功率转换装置，构成为由开关元件进行同步整流，其特征在于，所述开关元件由使用宽带隙半导体的单极元件构成，所述单极元件具有寄生二极管，所述同步整流时的所述单极元件的导通电压低于在假设将碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管用作回流二极管时的端子电压。
本发明提供一种电功率转换装置，构成为由开关元件进行同步整流，其特征在于，所述开关元件由使用宽带隙半导体的单极元件构成，所述单极元件具有寄生二极管，所述开关元件的电流实效值Irms与通态电阻Ron之间的关系为：Irms＜Vf×(2×√2/π)/Ron，其中，Vf是在假设将碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管用作回流二极管时的端子电压。
本发明提供一种电功率转换装置，构成为由开关元件进行同步整流，其特征在于，所述开关元件由使用宽带隙半导体的单极元件构成，所述单极元件具有寄生二极管，所述开关元件的电流实效值Irms与通态电阻Ron之间的关系为：Irms＜β×(2×√2/π)/(Ron-α)，其中，α是将在假设将碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管用作回流二极管时的端子电压Vf进行一次近似而得的式子的斜率，β是进行该一次近似而得的式子的截距。
－发明的效果－
本发明的电功率转换装置，因为是将开关元件130的寄生二极管131用作回流二极管，所以不需要另外设置回流二极管132，抑制了成本的提高。还有，通过同步整流，在开关元件130中流过逆向电流，比起寄生二极管131单体还可以抑制通态损耗。
还有，只要选择空调机的制热中间负载条件中所述开关元件130的电流实效值Irms和通态电阻Ron的关系成为Irms<0.9/Ron的开关元件进行同步整流，在制热中间负载条件中，即便是不另外设置回流二极管132，也可以达成同等以上的效率，并且能够使降低成本和提高效率双方成立。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明第一实施方式的电功率转换装置构成的图。
图2是表示同步整流的基本概念的图，其中，(a)表示无同步整流的情况，(b)表示有同步整流的情况。
图3是表示在碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管上并联碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管作为回流二极管使用的构成的一例的图。
图4是表示碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管、碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管的寄生二极管，碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管132的电压-电流特性的概略图。
图5是表示本发明第二实施方式的电功率转换装置构成的图。
图6是表示本发明第三实施方式的电功率转换装置构成的图。
图7(a)是表示本发明第四实施方式的电功率转换装置构成的图；图7(b)，是表示图7(a)所示的双向开关710的构成的图。
－符号说明－
10交流电源
20马达
100、500、600电功率转换装置
110交直流转换电路
111升压斩波电路(功率因素改善电路)
120直交流转换电路
130碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(开关元件)
131寄生二极管
700矩阵交直流转换器
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图说明本发明的实施方式。另外，附图中相同或者相当的部分标注同样的参照符号并不重复它的说明。还有，以下优选的实施方式的说明，从本质上说不过是个示例，无意于限制本发明、本发明的适用物及其用途。
(第一实施方式)
本发明的第一实施方式的电功率转换装置构成由图1表示。这个电功率转换装置100，是由交直流转换电路110整流交流电源10，再由直交流转换电路120将该直流电转换为三相交流电供给马达20的装置。这个马达20设置在空调机的制冷剂回路中驱动压缩机。另外，图1中，交流电源10是单相交流，但也可以是三相交流。
直交流转换电路120构成为由六个开关元件130进行同步整流。所述开关元件130是由使用宽带隙半导体的单极元件(在此，是碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)构成。直交流转换电路120将碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130的寄生二极管131用作回流二极管，进行同步整流。另外，所谓的同步整流，如图2所示，是在回流二极管131中流过逆向电流之际导通碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130并在金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管一侧流过逆向电流的控制方法。由此可以降低流过逆向电流之际的通态损耗。
作为将寄生二极管用作回流二极管进行同步整流的现有技术，是将硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(SiMOSFET)的寄生二极管作为回流二极管使用的技术。然而，因为硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管的寄生二极管的上升电压较低(约0.7V)，所以，尽管进行同步整流，也马上使得寄生二极管导通。因此同步整流的效果小。对此，将本实施方式那样的碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(SiCMOSFET)130的寄生二极管131作为回流二极管使用的情况下，碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130的寄生二极管131的上升电压高(约3V)，因此若进行同步整流，则电流不变大寄生二极管131就不导通。所以，如本实施方式那样将碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130的寄生二极管131作为回流二极管使用，则比将硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管的寄生二极管作为回流二极管使用的情况同步整流的效果更大。
还有，将硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管的寄生二极管作为回流二极管使用进行同步整流的情况，由于寄生二极管而流过还原电流成为问题。为此，减慢开关速度减小还原电流，在电路构成上想办法使得不在寄生二极管上流过电流，增加电路减小还原电流的损耗(专利文献1、2)。
正如“背景技术”中所说明的，将碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管作为开关元件使用的情况下，如图3所示，研究在碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130上并联碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管132作为回流二极管使用的构成。按照这个构成，由于碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130的寄生二极管131的上升电压(约3V)和碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管132的上升电压(约1V)区别大，所以可以只使还原电流小的碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管132流过逆向电流，而使寄生二极管131上不流过逆向电流。碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管，可以大幅度降低还原电流和开关损耗之事已为所知，根据这样的碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管，与硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管相比，简单地就可以实现还原电流的抑制。另外，硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管中，能够并联作为回流二极管使用的二极管的上升电压，与硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管的寄生二极管一样，无法使得寄生二极管上不流过逆向电流。
另一方面，与碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130的寄生二极管131相同构造的碳化硅pn二极管的还原电流小，比硅pn二极管的开关损耗是不同数量级的小，所以本实施方式中就可以大幅度降低还原电流、开关损耗。
图3所示的构成中需要碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管132就会招致成本升高的问题，但是使用本实施方式的碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130的寄生二极管131作为回流二极管使用进行同步整流，就可以不设置碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管132只由碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130构成，抑制了成本的升高。还有，通过进行同步整流，金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管一侧通电，就可以比寄生二极管131单体时抑制通态损耗。特别是低负载中，比使用碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管132更能够抑制损耗(有关这一点在后叙述)。
另外，对于图1中直交流转换电路120内的六个开关元件130的全部都是将寄生二极管131作为回流二极管使用进行同步整流适用的构成，但是只是一部分开关元件130适用也是可以的。
(开关元件的选定条件)
本实施方式的直交流转换电路120中在同步整流中碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130通电，迄今为止的构成中(在碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130上并联碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管132作为回流二极管使用的构成，参照图3)是碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管132通电。在此，碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130、碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130的寄生二极管131、碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管132的电压-电流特性的概略情况如图4所示。碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130表示定电阻特性。碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管132的上升电压约1V，碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130的寄生二极管131的上升电压约3V。另外，上升电压由物性值决定而无法任意设定。
比较本实施方式的构成和迄今为止的构成(图3)的特性进行考虑，端子电压若在碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管132的上升电压以下，则本实施方式的效果好。然而，进一步流过电流，迄今为止的构成效率好。为此，在定额条件、重负载，流动大电流的运转状态下适用碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管132的迄今为止的构成效率好。另一方面，轻负载下，碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管132的效果低，只由碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130构成本实施方式效率好。
在此，作为电流，流过Irmssinθ时的本实施方式和迄今为止的构成(图3)损耗分别由以下的(式1)至(式3)表示。
·本实施方式
(式1)Ron×Irms2
·迄今为止的构成
(式2)Irms···其中Vf＝const.
(式3)Irms···其中Vf(i)＝αi+β
Irms是电流实效值，Ron是碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130的通态电阻值，Vf是碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管132的端子电压。(式2)是Vf为一定值时的近似值，(式3)是Vf的一次近似值。
从图4以及以上的式子所知，额定负载以及重负载中本实施方式的损耗变大，但在轻负载中却是本实施方式的损耗小。与重视定额负载时的效率的一般负载不同，空调用途中轻负载的运转时间长。因此，为了节能提出了轻负载的运转效率的要求。在日本国内对实际节能最有影响的是，相对于制热额定能力输出1/2的能力的条件，被称作制热中间负载的运转条件。
若使制热中间负载中的电流实效值为Irms时，选定碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130使得以下(式4)、(式5)所示的条件成立。
(式4)Vf/Ron···其中Vf＝const.
(式5)β/Ron－α)···其中Vf＝αi+β
只要这样地选定开关元件进行同步整流，在制热中间负载中，即便是不使用碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管132，也可以达成同等以上的效率，使得成本下降和高效双方都能成立。
再有，从碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管132的上升电压约1V这一点考虑，使Vf也为1V，则所述(式4)就可以简化为以下的(式6)。
(式6)Irms1＜0.9/Ron
由此开关元件的选定更容易。
(第二实施方式)
本发明的第二实施方式的电功率转换装置构成表示在图5中。这个电功率转换装置500中，作为功率因数改善电路使用的升压斩波电路111的二极管使用了碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130的寄生二极管131，进行同步整流。由这个同步整流，改善了特别是轻负载的效率。还有因为是使用了碳化硅装置，所以与硅装置相比显著地减小了开始电流，可以降低开关损耗。
(第三实施方式)
本发明的第三实施方式的电功率转换装置构成表示在图6中。这个电功率转换装置600中，作为交直流转换电路110的整流二极管使用了碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130的寄生二极管131，进行同步整流。另外，图6中，是用商业用电源10作为单相交流，但是三相交流亦可。还有，只是交直流转换电路110的整流二极管的一部分作为碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130的寄生二极管131，剩下的可以是一般的二极管。
(第四实施方式)
本发明的第四实施方式的电功率转换装置构成表示在图7(a)中。这个电功率转换装置700，是在各个三相交流电源30的电线和三相交流马达20的定子电线可能组合的九个接点上设置使用了开关元件的双向开关710的矩阵交直流转换器，将输入的交流电压不改变成直流电而是直接改变成交流电输出。因为矩阵交直流转换器通过电流的元件少，所以从原理上讲能够是小型高效的。因为使用于矩阵变频器的开关元件710有必要双向导通，所以本实施方式中如图7(b)所示，采用两个碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管130逆向串联构成开关元件710。
另外，所述各实施方式中使用宽带隙半导体的单极元件的一例碳化硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管，但是也可以同样地考虑使用氮化镓以及金刚石等其它的宽带隙半导体的单极元件。
－产业上的实用性－
通过以上说明，本发明的电功率转换装置，适用于比起定额负载的效率轻负载的效率更重要的空调机等是有用的。

Claims (10)

1.一种电功率转换装置，构成为由开关元件(130)进行同步整流，其特征在于，
所述开关元件(130)由使用宽带隙半导体的单极元件构成，
所述单极元件具有寄生二极管(131)，
所述同步整流时的所述单极元件的导通电压低于在假设将碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管用作回流二极管时的端子电压。
2.一种电功率转换装置，构成为由开关元件(130)进行同步整流，其特征在于，
所述开关元件(130)由使用宽带隙半导体的单极元件构成，
所述单极元件具有寄生二极管(131)，
所述开关元件(130)的电流实效值(Irms)与通态电阻(Ron)之间的关系为：Irms＜Vf×(2×√2/π)/Ron，其中，Vf是在假设将碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管用作回流二极管时的端子电压。
3.一种电功率转换装置，构成为由开关元件(130)进行同步整流，其特征在于，
所述开关元件(130)由使用宽带隙半导体的单极元件构成，
所述单极元件具有寄生二极管(131)，
所述开关元件(130)的电流实效值(Irms)与通态电阻(Ron)之间的关系为：Irms＜β×(2×√2/π)/(Ron-α)，其中，α是对在假设将碳化硅肖脱基阻碍二极管用作回流二极管时的端子电压Vf进行一次近似而得的式子的斜率，β是进行该一次近似而得的式子的截距。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的电功率转换装置，其特征在于，
所述电流实效值(Irms)是轻负载时的电流。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电功率转换装置，其特征在于，
所述单极元件内的寄生二极管(131)用作回流二极管。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的电功率转换装置，其特征在于，
所述寄生二极管(131)中流过逆向电流之际接通所述单极元件，并在所述单极元件一侧流过逆向电流，由此进行同步整流。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的电功率转换装置，其特征在于，
所述电功率转换装置是使用于空调机的装置。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电功率转换装置，其特征在于，
所述宽带隙半导体采用碳化硅、氮化镓、金刚石中的任何一种。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电功率转换装置，其特征在于，
所述单极元件是金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电功率转换装置，其特征在于，
具有构成为由所述开关元件(130)进行同步整流的直交流转换器(120)、交直流转换器(110)、矩阵交直流转换器(700)、升压斩波器(111)的至少一个。
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US20180309390A1 (en) 2018-10-25
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JP5770412B2 (ja) 2015-08-26
US10931207B2 (en) 2021-02-23
CN105763092A (zh) 2016-07-13
KR20100102221A (ko) 2010-09-20
EP2237402A4 (en) 2018-01-17
KR101178965B1 (ko) 2012-08-31
EP2237402A1 (en) 2010-10-06
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