CN104323877A - 用于治疗胃食管反流病的设备 - Google Patents
用于治疗胃食管反流病的设备 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104323877A CN104323877A CN201410478997.1A CN201410478997A CN104323877A CN 104323877 A CN104323877 A CN 104323877A CN 201410478997 A CN201410478997 A CN 201410478997A CN 104323877 A CN104323877 A CN 104323877A
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Abstract
一种用于治疗胃酸反流病的可植入器件具有包括适于靠在胃底壁上的外表面的主体。所述器件在被植入患者时填充贲门区域的患者腹部,并且在站立时填充患者的贲门之上的患者腹部。所述主体防止贲门通过横膈膜开口移动到胸部,从而通过使腹部压力持续支撑着贲门括约肌来防止反流。所述器件可以被附到胃组织上。所述器件还可以被套叠在合适的位置,或者除此之外也可以被间接保持在合适的位置。
Description
本申请是申请日为2009年1月29日,申请号为200980111664.2,发明名称为“用于治疗胃食管反流病的设备”的中国发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于治疗胃食管反流病(GERD)的设备。
背景技术
胃食管反流病(GERD)或胃酸反流病是一种由食管中反复发作的胃酸反流所引起的导致食管黏膜损伤的慢性疾病。这通常是由于食管与胃之间屏障发生了暂时性或永久性的改变。这可能是由于发生了下食管括约肌(LES)的功能异常、暂时性的LES松弛、胃反流从食管的廓清功能受损、或者食管裂孔疝。
胃食管反流病可以以多种不同的方式治疗。治疗方法包括但不限于药物治疗和外科手术治疗两种。在较长时间的药物治疗之后有时优选标准外科手术治疗——尼森(Nissen)胃底(fundus)折叠术,其中胃的上部曲面(底部)包围着LES卷绕以加强括约肌且防止胃酸反流,并修复食管裂孔疝。该过程经常通过腹腔镜进行。
另外一种已经使用的外科手术治疗是Anglechik修复术,其中形成为类似马蹄铁形状的器件围绕食管置于贲门之上。计划的效果是防止贲门向上滑到胸腔中。然而,该器件有一些并发症,包括沿食管迁移并损伤食管。
根据植入医疗器件的经验,已知被植入器件与人体组织之间的缝合不会维持很长时间。对于器件的长期植入,有两种固定住器件的可能性。第一方案是将人体组织与人体组织缝合在一起,从而固定住器件。第二种方法是提供短期将器件固定在适当位置的缝合,并允许人体组织向内生长进入该器件中,用于将器件长期固定在适当位置。
提供与食管相结合的可植入器件的问题是,食管的外表面仅由极易损伤并沿其迁移的食管肌肉组织构成。这或许就是以上所述的Anglechik修复术导致诸如迁移的很多并发症的原因之一。
另一方面,在胃的外侧上具有浆膜,从而提供了用于缝合的更结实的膜。因此,将器件直接缝合到胃壁提供了比将植入器件缝合到食管更好的效果。
如今,需要比现有治疗方法更有效并且不会导致任何严重并发症的GERD长期治疗方法。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于克服或至少减轻现有的胃食管反流病(GERD)的外科手术治疗带来的一些问题。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种用于治疗胃食管反流病的设备。
这些和其它目的可以通过所附权利要求中描述的设备来实现。因此,提供了一种用于治疗胃酸反流病的设备,所述设备包括可植入运动限制器件,所述可植入运动限制器件具有包括生物相容材料的外表面,其中所述运动限制器件适于使其外表面的至少一部分靠在患者胃底壁上从而使所述器件停留在患者横膈膜与胃底壁之间的位置上,从而限制患者胃的贲门切迹向患者横膈膜移动,由此得到了一种用于治疗胃食管反流病的设备。
所述运动限制器件具有至少125mm3的尺寸和至少15mm的周长,并且限制患者胃的贲门切迹向患者横膈膜运动,从而防止贲门通过患者横膈膜开口而滑到患者胸腔中,并且维持了对患者贲门括约肌从患者腹部施加的支撑压力。固定器适于将所述运动限制器件保持在所述位置。
由于胃底与食管相比不易损伤,因此通过使植入的运动限制器件的外表面适于靠在胃底壁上,使诸如对组织的移动损伤之类的并发症的风险最小。
在本发明第一实施方案中,所述固定器包括缝线或U形钉,所述缝线或U形钉将胃底壁中包围所述运动限制器件的部分连接在一起,以将所述运动限制器件保持在所述位置。即,所述运动限制器件被至少部分地放置在套叠的空间中。因此,通过以上方式间接地附着可植入运动限制器件,不需要在运动限制器件与组织之间缝合,反过来进一步减小了并发症的风险。以此方式将所述运动限制器件维持在合适的位置得到了具有改善的长期性质的弹性悬浮。
诸如缝线或U形钉之类的固定器可以将胃底壁的部分连接在一起,从而从患者胃壁内部或外部基本上或完全套叠所述运动限制器件。在运动限制器件被放置在胃底壁外部的情况下,运动限制器件被胃底壁套叠,使得胃腔显著减小了显著超出所述运动限制器件的体积的容积。
在本发明的第二实施方案中,所述固定器包括可植入的第一固定器、第二固定器和第三固定器,所述第一固定器将在所述位置上的所述运动限制器件连到胃底壁上,所述第二固定器将所述运动限制器件直接或间接固定到食管接近于患者的His角的位置,所述第三固定器直接或间接将所述运动限制器件固定于患者的横膈膜肌肉或相关联的肌肉。所述第一固定器、第二固定器和第三固定器中的任意一个可以由多个缝线或U形钉构成。所述第一固定器可以包括组织生长促进结构,用于将所述运动限制器件长期连到胃壁上。所述组织生长促进结构可以被缝合到胃壁,具有面向胃的相对较大的接触表面。所述结构的相对较大的接触表面,例如网状,允许人体组织的向内生长,以长期将所述运动限制器件维持在适当位置。所述组织生长促进结构可以包括将网状结构连在胃底壁上的缝线或U形钉。
除根据本发明第一实施方案套叠所述运动限制器件之外,所述第二固定器可以用于将所述运动限制器件直接或间接固定到食管接近于患者的His角的位置,并且所述第三固定器可以用于将所述运动限制器件直接或间接固定于患者的横膈膜肌肉或相关联的肌肉。
所述运动限制器件的至少一部分可以由易受胃酸腐蚀或不易受胃酸腐蚀的材料制成。
所述运动限制器件可以是可充盈的,并且适于充入凝胶或流体。可以提供用于收纳流体以充满所述运动限制器件的流体或凝胶收纳构件。
所述运动限制器件可以包括均质材料,并且可以是实心(solid)主体。
所述运动限制器件可以包括形成腔室的包围壁。
所述运动限制器件可以具有刚性、弹性或柔性外壁。在外壁是刚性的情况下,它的刚性足以在承受胃运动所产生的力量时维持不变形。在所述运动限制器件被套叠的情况下,根据以上所述的第一实施方案,所述运动限制器件优选包括的主体适于至少部分被患者的胃底壁套叠,并且具有包括生物相容材料的外表面。所述主体的大部分外表面适于靠在胃壁上保持在患者横膈膜与被套叠的胃底壁的下部的部分之间的所述位置上。适当地,所述主体由比25或15肖氏硬度(shure)更软的材料制成。
根据所述主体的第一个大致的设计,所述主体在与贯穿所述主体的轴垂直的一个平面上具有最大周长。在垂直于所述轴的其它平面上,所述主体的周长等于所述最大周长,或者从所述最大周长开始沿所述轴的方向减小。例如,所述主体可以基本上具有卵形、球形或基本上形如具有缩进的中间部分的卵或弯曲的卵。
根据所述主体的第二个大致的设计,在与贯穿所述主体的轴垂直的平面上,所述主体的周长随着所述平面沿所述轴的移动增大或减小至少两倍,或者随着所述平面沿所述轴的移动减小或增大至少一倍。例如,所述主体可以基本上具有肾脏的形状。
优选地,所述主体具有大于从胃到肠的出口的尺寸。所述主体可以具有30或40mm或更大的最小外径,并且可以具有150、110、90、70、50或30mm的最小外周长。
适当地,所述主体具有圆滑的轮廓,而没有会损伤患者胃壁的过于尖锐的边缘,并且具有大致平滑的外表面以靠在胃底壁上。
所述主体可植入患者胃的内部或外部,并且适于通过外科手术被连到患者的胃壁上。所述主体可改变为具有比腹腔镜使用的套管针更小的直径的细长形式,由此所述主体在被改变为所述细长形式时可以通过所述套管针推入或拉出。所述主体可以包括形成了被诸如凝胶的流体填充的腔室的柔性外壁,从而允许所述主体穿过这种套管针。可替代地,所述主体可以包括弹性可压缩材料,以允许所述主体穿过套管针。
所述主体可以是中空的,并且包括至少两个独立片,所述至少两个独立片适于插入中空主体中并进一步适于在所述主体内被放在一起成为一个单片,从而允许所述主体穿过用于腹腔镜的套管针。可替代地,所述主体可以包括外壁和中空的压缩的内部,以在插入患者身体中之后由流体或凝胶填充。
所述主体可以包括具有注入口的腔室,其中通过所述注入口向所述主体的腔室填充流体。
所述主体还可以包括适用于推动或拉动所述主体通过用于腹腔镜的套管针的至少一个夹持器。所述夹持器适于夹持所述主体的延长部分,所述延长部分适于由外科手术仪器夹持。更具体地,所述夹持器适于夹持穿过所述夹持器插入的线或带。在所述主体包括外壁的情况下,所述夹持器至少部分置于所述主体的外壁内部。
在一个有利的实施方案中,所述主体的尺寸可调整,并且可以被套叠到患者的胃底壁中。结果,所述主体在其尺寸增大时拉伸患者的胃底壁,从而使还患有肥胖症的患者产生饱胀感。可以提供至少两个可植入可调整的拉伸器,以拉伸患者胃壁的不同部分,从而通过有效地影响患者的食欲来治疗肥胖症。所述两个拉伸器从患者身体外部进行适当调节,由此,所述拉伸器中的第一拉伸器在第一时间被调节为拉伸患者胃壁的第一部分,所述拉伸器中的第二拉伸器在第二时间被调节为拉伸患者胃壁的第二部分。
所述拉伸器可以以液压方式调节。在这种情况下,可以提供连接至以液压方式调节的拉伸器的可皮下植入的液压储存库,由此所述以液压方式调节的拉伸器通过手动按压所述液压储存库进行无创调节。进一步地,所述运动限制器件适当地包括可充盈的主体,并且提供与所述主体流体接触的泵和腔室,其中所述泵通过将流体或空气从所述主体泵送到所述腔室来调节所述液压储存库。
所述设备可以包括可植入刺激器,所述刺激器向贲门肌肉发出刺激脉冲以刺激贲门肌肉,从而进一步闭合贲门以进一步防止反流病。所述刺激器由至少一个导体和至少一个电极构成,所述至少一个电极接收刺激脉冲并将这些脉冲施加到贲门肌肉,从而刺激贲门肌肉。所述至少一个电极也可以通过胃-食管缝合或套叠在胃壁中而被维持在适当的位置。刺激脉冲可以作为脉冲串发送,其中所述脉冲串适于被重复,脉冲串之间具有一时间间隔,所述间隔延长在所述脉冲串中的各个脉冲之间的间隔。所述刺激器可以包括电子电路和能源,并且优选适于合并所述电子电路和能源。在一个实施方案中,使用刺激器对贲门的刺激使用能量脉冲来进行,以增强括约肌的紧张性,从而使贲门完全闭合;并且用于控制刺激器的控制器可由患者操作以启动刺激器,在这样的工作状态下,刺激器在患者不吞咽时在使用所述能量脉冲刺激贲门括约肌的操作模式与不刺激贲门的停止模式之间连续切换。
所述刺激器优选包括用于检测患者的生理参数或所述运动限制器件的功能性参数的至少一个传感器以及用于控制所述刺激器的内部控制单元。
通常,内部控制单元对来自传感器的信息进行相应从而对刺激器进行控制。
检测食管收缩波或与食物摄入相关的任意其它参数的传感器向内部控制单元发送所述信息,然后内部控制单元对来自传感器的该信息进行相应而停止刺激。
刺激器在任意时间都可以由患者控制。
本发明进一步涉及治疗反流病的腹部外科手术方法。
根据第一方法,通过植入运动限制器件来治疗患者的反流病,所述运动限制器件在被植入患者时限制胃切迹相对于横膈膜肌肉的运动,从而防止贲门穿过横膈膜缺口向上滑动。所述方法包括以下步骤:在患者身体的腹部插入针状或管状仪器;使用所述针状或管状仪器给患者的腹部充气;在患者身体中放置至少两个腹腔镜套管针;通过腹腔镜套管针之一将摄像机插入患者腹部,通过所述至少两个腹腔镜套管针之一插入至少一个剖开工具;剖开胃区域;将所述器件引入腹腔;将所述器件放置在胃底壁的外侧;在胃底壁中为所述器件创建一个袋囊;并且通过在胃底壁上设置缝线或U形钉将所述器件套叠到所述袋囊中,从而防止贲门通过患者的横膈膜开口滑入患者胸部,以便维持支撑着患者贲门括约肌的来自患者腹部的压力支撑。
用于相同目的的治疗反流病的第二腹部方法使用第一方法的初始步骤,并且包括:在胃底壁中创建一个孔洞;在腹腔中引入运动限制器件;通过所述孔洞将器件引入胃;将所述器件放置在胃底壁的内侧;在胃腔外侧上为放置在胃底壁内侧的所述器件创建一个袋囊;并且通过在胃底壁上设置缝线或U形钉将所述器件套叠在所述袋囊中,从而防止贲门通过患者的横膈膜开口滑入患者胸部,以维持用于支撑着患者贲门括约肌的来自患者腹部的支撑压力。
治疗患者反流病的第三腹部方法包括如以上所述的方法那样植入用于相同目的的运动限制器件,并且还包括以下步骤:在患者的腹壁上切开开口;剖开患者的胃的区域;通过腹部的切口引入所述运动限制器件;并将所述器件连到胃底壁上,从而防止贲门通过患者的横膈膜开口滑入患者胸部,以维持用于支撑患者贲门括约肌的来自患者腹部的支撑压力。根据第一替代方案,所述方法包括将所述器件放置在胃底壁的外侧;在胃底壁为所述器件创建一个袋囊;并且通过在胃底壁上设置缝线或U形钉将所述器件套叠在所述袋囊中,从而防止贲门通过患者的横膈膜开口滑入患者胸部,以便维持用于支撑患者贲门括约肌的来自患者腹部的支撑压力。根据第二替代方案,所述方法包括在胃底壁中创建一个孔洞;通过所述孔洞将所述运动限制器件引入胃中;将所述器件放置在胃底壁内侧;在胃底壁上为所述器件创建一个袋囊;并且通过在胃底壁上设置缝线或U形钉将所述器件套叠在所述袋囊中,从而防止贲门通过患者的横膈膜开口滑入患者胸部,以维持用于支撑患者贲门括约肌的来自患者腹部的支撑压力。
所述方法进一步包括:通过使用缝线或U形钉将所述器件附到胃底壁上,和/或通过使用缝线或U形钉将胃底壁附到患者食管的下部;和/或将胃底壁附到患者的横膈膜肌肉或相关联的肌肉。所述方法可以进一步包括:提供用于从患者身体外部调节反流病治疗器件的设备;并且操作所述设备以调节反流病治疗器件。反流病治疗器件的调节可以包括在被植入时改变填充体的容积。为此,所述方法可以包括提供包含用于注入被植入的填充体的流体的注入型注射器;并且向填充体中注入一定体积的流体。优选地,所述方法包括将所述器件包在所述袋囊中。在一个实施方案中,所述方法允许所述袋囊至少部分打开,由此所述袋囊仅呈现一个开口,或者所述袋囊可以呈现两个开口,并且允许所述袋囊以非环周的方式围绕着胃延伸。通常优选所述袋囊的容积超过15毫升。
治疗反流病的另一腹腔镜腹部方法包括:在患者身体的腹部插入针状或管状仪器;使用所述针状或管状仪器给患者的腹部充气;在患者身体中放置至少两个腹腔镜套管针;通过腹腔镜套管针之一将摄像机插入患者腹部;通过所述至少两个腹腔镜套管针之一插入至少一个剖开工具;剖开胃的区域;从胃底壁为所述器件创建一个袋囊;通过使用缝线和U形钉使所述袋囊闭合;引入包含可注入的填充材料的注入构件;并将所述填充材料注入所述袋囊中,以创建一个填充体,当患者处于站立位时,所述填充体在患者腹部中在接近患者贲门并在患者贲门之上的位置填充一定的容积,从而防止贲门通过患者的横膈膜开口滑入患者胸部,以维持支撑着患者贲门括约肌的患者腹内的压力。
治疗反流病的再一外科腹部方法包括:在皮肤上切开一开口以进入患者腹部;剖开胃的区域;从胃底壁为所述器件创建一个袋囊;通过使用缝线和U形钉使所述袋闭合;引入包含可注入的填充材料的注入构件;并将所述填充材料注入所述袋囊中,以创建一个填充体,当患者处于站立位时,所述填充体在患者腹内接近患者贲门并在患者贲门之上的位置填充一定的容积,从而防止贲门通过患者的横膈膜开口滑入患者胸部,以维持支撑着患者贲门括约肌的患者腹内的压力。
列举的再一方法可以包括:在胃底壁的外侧创建一个袋囊,使所述填充体抵在胃底壁的内侧,或者可替代地,所述方法包括在胃底壁中创建一个孔洞,并且在胃底壁的内侧创建所述袋囊,使所述填充体抵在胃底壁的外侧上。列举的再一方法优选还包括:通过使用缝线或U形钉将胃底壁附到患者食管的下部和/或将胃底壁附到患者横膈膜肌肉或相关联的肌肉上。通常还优选所述袋囊的容积超过15毫升。填充材料优选能够经历从流体材料到半固体或固体材料的固化过程。这种固化过程优选由从环境温度到身体温度的温度升高所触发。本领域技术人员已知的合适的这类材料是(在交联剂和催化剂的存在下)在热的影响下能够经历交联反应的热可固化的聚硅氧烷。
在另一腹腔镜腹部方法中通过植入运动限制器件治疗患者的反流病,其中所述运动限制器件在被植入患者时限制胃切迹相对于横膈膜肌肉的移动从而防止贲门穿过横膈膜缺口向上滑动,该方法包括以下步骤:在患者身体的腹部插入针状或管状仪器;使用所述针状或管状仪器给患者的腹部充气;在患者身体中放置至少两个腹腔镜套管针;通过腹腔镜套管针之一将摄像机插入患者腹部;通过所述至少两个腹腔镜套管针之一插入至少一个剖开工具;剖开胃区域;在胃底壁中创建一个孔洞;将运动限制器件引入腹腔中;通过所述孔洞将所述器件引入胃;将所述器件放置在胃底壁的外侧;将放置在胃底壁外侧的所述器件固定,并且防止贲门通过患者的横膈膜开口滑入患者胸部,以维持支撑着患者贲门括约肌的来自患者腹部的支撑压力。所述方法可以进一步包括通过使用缝线或U形钉将所述器件附到胃底壁的步骤。
本发明还涉及腹腔镜仪器,用于将运动限制器件套叠在患者的胃底壁中以治疗反流病,适于与以上所述的任意腹腔镜方法一起使用。所述仪器通常包括:具有近端和远端的细长构件,所述细长构件具有比腹腔镜套管针小的直径以在腹腔镜操作过程中引入患者腹部;胃推进器,用于推动胃底壁以创建一个突出到正常胃腔中的胃底壁的管形部分,所述推进器包括即将被胃底壁套叠在管形部分中的运动限制器件。所述推进器包括真空抽吸器,用于抽吸胃底以与推进器一起帮助所述仪器形成胃底壁的管形部分。所述真空抽吸器包括从所述仪器的近端引至末端并且位于所述仪器末端部分的真空通道,其包括推进器。真空通道被划分出多个小的开口,所述开口适于抽吸胃壁部分以使其贴附到推进器上,从而进一步形成所述管形胃壁部分。所述仪器进一步包括适于将所述运动限制器件引入所述管形胃部分的插入器。所述仪器可以进一步包括至少一个夹具,所述夹具用于通过将所述管形部分的开口中的胃夹在一起来维持所述开口基本闭合,其中所述仪器适于以允许之后缝合所述开口的方式在所述开口处放置所述至少一个夹具。所述仪器进一步包括充盈器,用于在缝合之前或之后充盈所述运动限制器件。所述仪器可以进一步包括缝合器,所述缝合器适于使用胃-胃缝线来缝合所述管形部分的开口以至少部分地创建包围所述运动限制器件的闭合空间,其中所述仪器适于被取出,并保持所述运动限制器件至少部分套叠在胃底壁中。所述缝合器可以包括设置在所述细长构件上的第一和第二缝合定位构件,所述细长构件的末端即将被置于胃中。所述仪器进一步包括操作器,所述操作器适于调整第一和第二缝合构件的位置使使所述第一和第二缝合定位构件位于彼此的前面并且使胃壁位于杯形部分开口端的两侧,并且适于使用一排胃-胃缝线来缝合胃底壁的杯形部分的开口端。所述缝合器优选包括可操作且可重新装载的多缝合器,其可以从患者身体外部重新装载缝线,并且适于使用所述的一排胃-胃缝线缝合胃底壁的杯形部分的开口端,其中所述的一排缝线包括即将被同时缝合的两个或更多个缝线或U形钉。所述缝合器还可以包括多个缝合以同时缝合两条或更多条缝线。
本发明还涉及通过植入包括可植入的运动限制器件的器件来治疗患者的反流病的管腔内方法,其中所述可植入的运动限制器件在被植入患者时限制胃切迹相对于横膈膜肌肉的运动,从而防止贲门穿过横膈膜缺口向上滑动。所述方法包括以下步骤:将胃镜引入食管并使其进入患者的胃中;将仪器引入食管并使其进入患者的胃中,所述仪器被整合在所述胃镜中或者独立于所述胃镜;借助于所述仪器从胃底壁设置用于容纳所述器件的袋囊;并且使用连到胃底壁的缝线或U形钉将所述器件套叠在所述袋囊中,从而防止贲门通过患者的横膈膜开口滑入患者胸部,以维持抵住患者贲门括约肌的从患者腹部施加的支撑压力。在第一替代方案中,所述方法包括以下步骤:借助于所述仪器将所述器件引入胃中;使用所述仪器将所述器件放置在胃底壁的内侧;借助于所述仪器在胃腔外侧的胃底壁的一部分中创建一个袋囊,所述器件被放置为靠在胃底壁的内侧;并且通过使用连到胃底壁的缝线或U形钉将所述器件套叠在所述袋囊中。在第二替代方案中,所述方法包括以下步骤:借助于所述仪器创建胃底壁的一部分的袋囊;借助于所述仪器将所述器件引入所述袋囊中;并使用连到胃底壁上的缝合或U形钉套叠所述器件。根据这一替代方案,所述方法包括将所述器件充盈到其填充体积,优选通过向所述器件注入填充流体使其得到填充体积。因此,所述填充流体可以是具有先前所描述特征的可固化流体,例如之前所述的可热固化的聚硅氧烷。在第三替代方案中,所述方法包括以下步骤:在胃底壁中创建一个孔洞;借助于所述仪器将所述器件引入胃中;移动所述器件通过所述孔洞,并将其放置在胃底壁的外侧;借助于所述仪器在胃腔的内侧创建胃底壁的一部分的袋囊,所述器件被放置为靠在胃底壁的外侧上;使用连到胃底壁的缝线或U形钉将所述器件套叠在所述袋囊中;并使用缝线或U形钉密封所述孔洞。在第四替代方案中,所述方法包括以下步骤:在胃底壁中创建一个孔洞;借助于所述仪器在胃腔的内侧创建胃底壁的一部分的袋囊;借助于所述仪器将所述器件引入胃中;移动所述器件通过所述孔洞,并将其放置在胃底壁的外侧;借助于所述仪器将所述器件引入所述袋囊中;使用连到胃底壁的缝线或U形钉来套叠所述器件;并使用缝合或U形钉来密封所述孔洞。而且,所述方法可以包括将所述器件充盈到其填充体积,优选通过向所述器件注入填充流体使其得到填充体积。所述填充流体可以具有所有先前所述的特征。所述方法还包括:通过使用缝线或U形钉将所述器件附到胃底壁上;和/或通过使用缝线或U形钉将胃底壁附到患者食管的下部;和/或将胃底壁附到患者的横膈膜肌肉或相关联的肌肉。所述方法还可以包括:提供用于从患者身体外部调节反流病治疗器件的设备;并且操作所述设备以调节所述反流病治疗器件。反流病治疗器件的调节优选包括在被植入时改变填充体的体积。为此,所述方法可以包括提供包含用于注入被植入的填充体的流体的注入型注射器;并且向填充体中注入一定体积的流体。该填充流体可以是具有如先前部分所述的性质的可固化流体。通过所述方法创建的袋囊可以包围着所述运动限制器件,或者可以至少部分地打开,在一个示例中,所述袋囊仅具有一个开口,并且根据另一示例其呈现出两个开口,并且以非环周的方式围绕着胃延伸。优选地,所述袋囊的容积超过15毫升。在所述方法中通常优选的是整合所述胃镜和所述仪器。所述方法可以进一步包括给胃充气。在所述方法的特定实施方案中,所述仪器在由胃底壁提供所述袋囊时产生真空。
本发明还涉及一种恢复患反流病的患者的贲门和胃底位置的方法,包括:向患者的食管中引入具有至少一个柔性部件的细长仪器;通过所述仪器启动夹持器,所述启动的夹持器具有比所述仪器大的截面积;使用所述夹持器夹持远处的食管或胃;向远处移动并推动所述仪器,使得不正确地位于横膈膜或相关联的肌肉之上的贲门和胃壁或者部分胃底滑回横膈膜或相关联的肌肉之下的位置。在第一替代方案中,所述方法包括在食管中贲门之上径向扩张所述夹持器,并且使用该夹持器将贲门和胃壁或部分胃底推到横膈膜或相关联的肌肉之下。在第二替代方式中,所述方法包括在胃的下部释放仪器近端处的气球构件,并且使用所述构件使仪器推挤胃的下壁部,从而使贲门和胃底或部分胃底滑到横膈膜或相关联的肌肉之下。在第三替代方式中,所述方法包括将仪器的远端定位在横膈膜或与其关联肌肉的水平;在径向扩张所述构件;将所述构件连到胃壁;并向远处推动所述仪器,使得贲门和胃壁或部分胃底滑到横膈膜或其相关联的肌肉之下。根据所有列举的替代方案的方法可以包括:在所述仪器远端采用附着构件作为夹持器的一部分,所述附着构件能够提供缝线或U形钉或其它侵入性机械构件,用于将食管和胃壁附着到所述仪器,优选地,所述方法包括在所述仪器的远端采用缝合构件,所述缝合构件能够提供缝线或U形钉,用于将胃底壁缝合到贲门之上的食管下部。
本发明还致力于用于治疗患裂孔疝的患者的外科手术胃镜仪器,其中患者胃的一部分穿过了横膈膜肌肉的缺口,并且患者的贲门位于横膈膜之上的胸部中。所述仪器包括:(i)具有近端和远端的细长构件,所述细长构件具有比患者的食管小的直径,并且是柔性的,从而允许引入所述柔性细长构件,使其远端首先从咽喉进入食管;(ii)固定至所述细长构件的夹持器,可在适于接合并夹持患者的食管或胃的启动状态与适于释放食管或胃的未启动状态之间操作;(iii)操作器,用于从患者身体外部操作所述夹持器使其在所述启动和未启动状态之间切换;(iv)手柄,连接至所述细长构件的近端以被手动握持,用于移动所述细长构件的远端,其中所述夹持器在由所述操作器操作在其启动状态下时,适于足够紧地接合并夹持食管或胃以允许所述细长构件在被手动移动时将贲门朝远端方向移动并重新牵引回横膈膜肌肉之下的位置。所述仪器的可操作的夹持器优选适于相对于所述细长构件径向扩张从而从所述未启动状态到所述启动状态,使得所述夹持器在径向扩张时通过力和摩擦接合并夹持胃或食管。可替代地,所述可操作夹持器包括至少一个牵引构件,所述牵引构件在所述夹持器处于启动状态时以侵入性方式引入到胃壁或食管壁以将所述夹持器固定在食管或胃上。在两个替代方案中,可操作的夹持器均适于接合并夹持接近贲门或贲门处的食管,或者当贲门位于横膈膜肌肉之上时接合并夹持在缺口中或其远端的位置处的胃。根据另一替代方案,所述仪器的细长构件包括第一缝合定位构件和处于所述细长构件远端处的第二缝合定位构件,其中当所述夹持器处于其启动状态夹持着食管或胃时,所述第一缝合定位构件位于食管中。所述仪器的操作器适于围绕胃切迹将柔性的细长构件弯曲到一定的位置使第一缝合定位构件在贲门之上,并且所述第一和第二缝合定位构件在彼此前面,而胃底壁和食管壁由所述第一和第二缝合定位构件移动到一起。所述仪器进一步包括可重新装载的多缝合器,用于通过一排缝线将患者贲门附近的食管与胃底壁缝合在一起,其中胃底壁和食管壁由第一和第二缝合定位构件移动到一起,所述一排缝线包括由所述多缝合器同时缝合的两条或多条缝线。
本发明进一步包括用于治疗患裂孔疝的人类患者的外科手术胃镜仪器的另一实施方案,所述仪器包括:(i)具有近端和远端的细长构件,所述细长构件具有比患者的食管小的直径,并且是柔性的,从而允许引入所述柔性的细长构件,使其远端首先从患者的咽喉进入食管;(ii)设于所述细长构件上的第一缝合定位构件,使得当所述细长构件被引入食管中并使其远端位于胃中时,所述第一缝合定位构件位于接近贲门的食管中;(iii)设于所述细长构件的远端处的第二缝合定位构件;(iv)操作器,适于围绕胃切迹将柔性细长构件弯曲到一定的位置使所述第一和第二缝合定位构件在彼此前面,而胃底壁和食管壁由所述第一和第二缝合定位构件移动到一起;以及(v)可重新装载的多缝合器,用于通过一排缝线将患者接近贲门的食管与胃底壁缝合在一起,其中胃底壁和食管壁由第一和第二缝合定位构件移动到一起,所述多缝合器从身体外部重新装载缝线以在第一排缝线前面或后面提供更多排缝线,其中所述一排缝线包括由所述多缝合器同时缝合的两条或多条缝线。所述仪器进一步包括固定至所述细长构件的夹持器,所述夹持器可在适于接合并夹持患者的食管或胃的启动状态与适于释放食管或胃的未启动状态之间操作。所述夹持器可从患者身体外部由所述操作器操作以在所述启动状态与未启动状态之间切换;手柄连接至细长构件的近端以被手动握持,用于移动所述细长构件的远端,其中所述夹持器在由所述操作器操作在启动状态下时,适于足够紧地接合并夹持食管或胃以允许所述细长构件在被手动移动时将贲门朝远端方向移动并重新牵引回横膈膜肌肉之下的位置。在一种替代方案中,所述可操作的夹持器适于相对于所述细长构件径向扩张从而从所述未启动状态到所述启动状态,使得所述夹持器在径向扩张时通过力和摩擦接合并夹持胃或食管。在另一替代方案中,所述可操作的夹持器包括至少一个牵引构件,所述牵引构件在所述夹持器处于其启动状态时以侵入性方式引入到胃壁或食管壁中以将所述夹持器固定在食管或胃上。在两个替代方案中,所述可操作的夹持器均适于接合并夹持接近贲门或贲门处的食管,或者在贲门位于横膈膜肌肉之上时接合并夹持在缺口中或其远端的位置处的胃。
本发明进一步包括用于将运动限制器件套叠在人类患者的胃底壁中以治疗反流病的外科手术胃镜仪器的再一个实施方案。所述仪器包括:(i)具有近端和远端的细长构件,所述细长构件具有比患者的食管小的直径,并且是柔性的,从而允许引入所述柔性的细长构件,使其远端首先通过患者的咽喉、食管进入胃直到胃底壁;(ii)设于所述细长构件的远端的可操作的胃穿刺器,用于刺穿胃底壁以在胃底壁中创建一个孔洞,以允许通过所述孔洞引入所述细长构件;(iii)设于所述细长构件上接近所述穿刺器的位置的可操作的专用夹持器,用于当刺穿所述胃壁时将所述细长构件保持在一定位置上使所述细长构件穿过所述胃底胃壁延伸但防止所述细长构件穿过所述孔洞朝近端方向移动,其中所述专用夹持器包括可扩张构件,其至少可以径向地基本垂直于所述细长构件进行扩张以使其抵住胃底壁的外侧;以及(iv)插入器,用于将所述运动限制器件插入通过胃底壁上的所述孔洞中直到胃底壁外以将其套叠在胃底壁中。所述仪器可以进一步包括设于所述细长构件上接近所述专用夹持器位置的成形器,以抵住胃底壁的内侧。所述成形器与所述专用夹持器一起适于使胃底壁形成杯形,由此所述专用夹持器可相对于所述成形器缩回,以拉动胃壁抵住所述成形器,从而形成胃的所述杯形部分。所述仪器可以进一步包括缝合器,所述缝合器适于用胃-胃缝线缝合胃底壁的杯形部分的开口端,以创建至少部分地被胃底壁的一部分包围的空间。所述缝合器优选包括用于同时缝合两条或更多条缝线的多个缝合。所述缝合器适于在用所述插入器将所述运动限制器件插入胃底壁的孔洞之前缝合胃底壁的杯形部分的开口端。所述仪器可以进一步包括充盈器,用于在用所述插入器引导所述充盈器穿过胃底壁的孔洞之后充盈所述运动限制器件,或者用于在由所述运动限制器件引导所述充盈器穿过胃底壁的孔洞之后充盈所述运动限制器件。所述缝合器可以包括可操作且可重新装载的多缝合器,其可以从患者身体外部重新装载缝线,并且适于使用一排胃-胃缝线缝合胃底壁的杯形部分的开口端,其中所述一排缝线包括即将被同时缝合的两个或更多个缝线或U形钉。在另一替代方案中,所述仪器包括可充盈的运动限制器件,所述穿刺器包括金属线,所述金属线适于被引导着穿过所述胃底壁上的孔洞并且至少前进到腹壁或穿过腹壁。所述金属线充当液压管的向导,所述液压管连接至所述可充盈的运动限制器件,并且可连接至置于皮下的注入口,所述注入口用于在已用插入器将所述运动限制器件插进所述胃底壁的孔洞时使用流体填充可充盈的运动限制器件并调节流体的量。
本发明进一步包括用于将可充盈的运动限制器件套叠在人类患者的胃底壁中以治疗反流病的外科手术胃镜仪器的又一实施例。所述仪器包括:(i)具有近端和远端的细长构件,所述细长构件具有比患者的食管小的直径,并且是柔性的,从而允许引入所述柔性的细长构件,使其远端首先通过患者的咽喉、食管进入胃直到胃底壁;和(ii)设于所述细长构件的远端的可操作的胃穿刺器,用于刺穿胃底壁以在胃底壁中创建一个孔洞,以允许引导所述细长构件穿过所述孔洞,其中所述穿刺器包括金属线,所述金属线被引导着穿过所述胃底壁中的孔洞并且至少前进到腹壁或穿过腹壁,所述金属线充当液压管的向导,所述液压管连接至可充盈的运动限制器件,并且可连接至置于皮下的注入口,所述注入口用于用流体填充所述可充盈的运动限制器件并调节流体的量,并且其中所述金属线和管中的至少一个可以被拉动,以将充盈有流体的运动限制器件移向胃底壁,以将其放置在胃底壁内侧,在这一位置所述运动限制器件将被套叠在胃底壁中。优选地,所述金属线和管中的至少一个在被拉动以将充盈的运动限制器件移向胃底壁时,允许胃底壁的一部分移动以形成从正常胃腔突出的胃的杯形部分。所述仪器可以进一步包括具有杯形的可操作的成形器,用于形成胃的杯形部分。所述仪器可以进一步包括缝合器,所述缝合器适于使用胃-胃缝线缝合胃底壁的杯形部分的开口端,以创建至少部分地被胃底壁的一部分包围的空间。所述缝合器可以包括用于同时缝合两条或更多条缝线的多个缝合。所述缝合器可以适于在将所述运动限制器件插入所述胃底壁的孔洞之前缝合胃底壁的杯形部分的开口端。优选为可充盈的运动限制器件进一步包括充盈器,用于在引导所述运动限制器件穿过胃底壁的孔洞之后充盈所述运动限制器件。所述仪器可以进一步包括第一和第二缝合定位构件,设于位于胃中的细长构件的远端;以及操作器,适于将第一和第二缝合构件调整到一定的位置使所述第一和第二缝合定位构件位于彼此的前面并且使胃壁位于杯形部分开口端的两侧,所述操作器还适于使用一排胃-胃缝线来缝合胃底壁的杯形部分的开口端。所述缝合器可以包括可操作且可重新装载的多缝合器,其可以从患者身体外部重新装载缝线,并且适于使用所述一排胃-胃缝线缝合胃底壁的杯形部分的开口端,其中所述一排缝线包括即将被同时缝合的两个或更多个缝线或U形钉。本发明进一步包括用于将运动限制器件套叠在人类患者的胃底壁中以治疗反流病的外科手术胃镜仪器的再一实施方案。所述仪器包括:(i)具有近端和远端的细长构件,所述细长构件具有比患者的食管小的直径,并且是柔性的,从而允许引入所述柔性的细长构件,使其远端首先通过患者的咽喉、食管进入胃直到胃底壁;(ii)可操作的胃推进器,用于推动胃底壁以创建从正常胃腔突出的胃底壁的杯形部分,所述推进器包括即将由胃底壁中的杯形部分套叠的运动限制器件;以及(iii)缝合器,适于使用胃-胃缝线缝合胃底壁的杯形部分的开口以至少部分地包围所述运动限制器件。所述仪器可以进一步包括设于所述细长构件上接近所述推进器的位置上的成形器,以在内侧拉动胃底壁。所述成形器与所述推进器一起适于使胃底壁形成最佳的杯形,其中推动所述推进器以形成胃的所述杯形部分。所述仪器可以进一步包括第一和第二缝合定位构件,设置在位于胃中的细长构件的远端处;以及操作器,适于将第一和第二缝合构件调整到一定的位置使所述第一和第二缝合定位构件位于彼此的前面并且使胃壁位于杯形部分开口端的两侧,所述操作器还适于用一排胃-胃缝线来缝合胃底壁的杯形部分的开口端。所述缝合器可以包括可操作且可重新装载的多缝合器,其可以从患者身体外部重新装载缝线,并且适于使用所述一排胃-胃缝线缝合胃底壁的杯形部分的开口端,其中所述一排缝线包括即将被同时缝合的两个或更多个缝线或U形钉。所述缝合器还可以包括用于同时缝合两条或更多条缝线的多个缝合。所述仪器可进一步包括充盈器,用于在缝合之后充盈所述运动限制器件。所述成形器可以优选包括真空抽吸器,以抽吸胃底以与所述推进器一起帮助所述仪器形成胃底壁的杯形部分。之前部分中描述的实施的胃镜仪器可以包括用于检测食管或胃内部的光学器件。为此,所述仪器可以进一步包括沿所述细长构件延伸的电线,所述光学器件包括置于所述细长构件远端并连接至所述电线的摄像机,所述电线从患者身体引出以向外公开来自摄像机的图像。所述仪器可以进一步包括置于所述细长构件的远端用于照亮食管或胃内部的光源。所述光学器件可以适当地包括沿所述细长构件放置并从患者身体引出以在外面检查食管或胃内部的光纤。本发明进一步涉及用于治疗反流病和肥胖症的设备。该设备包括运动限制器件、固定器、调整器、无线遥控功能、无线能量发射器以及先前描述的用于治疗反流病的设备所具有的其它特征。另外,用于联合治疗反流病的设备包括至少一个可操作的拉伸器,所述拉伸器在被植入患者时拉伸患者胃壁的一部分,从而通过影响患者的食欲来治疗肥胖症;以及操作器,用于在植入所述拉伸器时操作所述拉伸器,使其拉伸胃壁部分,从而产生饱胀感。所述拉伸器可以通过胃-胃缝线或U形钉在所述拉伸器能够拉伸胃壁的位置保持与胃壁的接触。具体地,所述拉伸器可以借助于胃-胃缝线或U形钉被胃壁套叠。所述拉伸器可以适于被放置在胃腔中。为此,所述拉伸器可以适于通过胃镜或管腔内仪器被插入胃腔中,并且适于通过外科手术连到胃壁上。可替代地,所述拉伸器可以适于被放置在胃的外部。在一个实施例中,所述拉伸器包括适于接合胃壁的第一部分的第一接合构件和适于接合与第一胃壁部分接近但与之隔开的胃壁的第二部分的第二接合构件。所述操作器适于操作所述第一和第二接合构件使它们远离彼此移动,以拉伸胃的第一部分与第二部分之间的胃壁部分,从而产生饱胀感。所述第一和第二接合构件中的至少一个可以适于通过胃-胃缝线或U形钉至少部分地被胃壁套叠,以将所述接合构件保持在适当的位置。另外,所述第一和第二接合构件中的至少一个可以适于由所述接合构件与胃壁之间的缝线或U形钉保持在适当的位置。适当地,所述第一和第二接合构件中的至少一个包括组织生长促进结构,优选是网状结构,适于与胃壁相接触,从而保证所述拉伸器能够长期附着于胃壁。在另一实施方案中,所述拉伸器包括适于被患者胃壁的一部分套叠的至少一个可扩张的主体,并且所述操作器包括与所述主体的腔室流体连通的流体储存器。当所述主体被套叠后,所述操作器可无创地操作,以将流体从流体储存器分配到所述主体的腔室中以扩张所述主体,从而使胃壁部分被拉伸。所述流体储存器可以通过手动按压来操作。所述操作器可包括反向伺服,其中所述流体储存器中的小体积的流体由较大的力进行压缩,所述主体的腔室使用较小的每单位体积的力产生了较大的总体积的移动。所述流体储存器可以置于皮下或腹内,并且可以例如由马达通过移动所述储存器的壁来进行调节。可替代地,可以设置用于从所述储存器向所述主体的腔室泵送流体或空气的泵。术语“反向伺服装置”的定义涵盖了使用较大力和小冲程来控制(即例如,通过使用大的力移动小量的流体来控制以极小的力移动较大量的流体的器件)的器件,但可替代地或附加地,也可以涵盖以下定义的机械装置:所述机械装置将作用在移动构件上的具有短冲程的的强力转换为作用在另一移动构件上的具有长冲程的的小力。当可以通过无创的皮肤手动控制所述器件时,优选使用所述反向伺服装置。在另一实施例中,用于治疗反流病和肥胖症的设备包括与一个或多个较小腔室相接触的大腔室。这些腔室适于连通在这些腔室之间分布的流体或空气。可以设置用于在腔室之间分配流体的反向伺服,其中所述大腔室中的小体积的流体由较大的力进行压缩,所述较小腔室使用较小的每单位体积的力产生了较大的总容积的移动。所述大腔室可以适于被套叠在患者的胃底壁中,以通过限制贲门切迹向患者横膈膜肌肉的移动同样也来治疗反流病,而所述小腔室产生拉伸器的功能以治疗肥胖症。所述大腔室可以将流体或空气分配到小腔室中,以使小腔室扩张并拉伸胃底壁。在另一实施方案中,所述拉伸器包括机械拉伸器,其中可以设置用于机械调节所述拉伸器的马达。所述机械调节的拉伸器可以适于接合胃壁的第一部分和胃的第二部分,其中所述机械调节的拉伸器包括适于由操作器移动的联合机构。可替代地,所述拉伸器可以包括适于接合胃壁的第一部分的第一接合构件和适于接合与所述的第一胃部分接近但与之隔开的胃壁的第二部分的第二接合构件,其中所述机械拉伸器调节胃壁的所述第一部分与第二部分之间的距离。作为替代方案,以上所述的液压装置可以用于通过流体或空气的液压分布来调节这种机械拉伸器。所述拉伸器可以是在术后可无创地进行调节的。用于操作所述拉伸器的操作器可以为最简单的形式,所述最简单的形式包括皮下开关,所述皮下开关适于通过手动按压进行无创操作,以操作所述拉伸器件。可以设置至少两个适于拉伸胃壁的至少两个不同部分的可操作的拉伸器,其中所述设备适于在术后无创地进行调节。具体地,所述设备可以不时地进行调节,使得在第一时间所述拉伸器之一拉伸胃壁的一个部分,而在第二时间所述拉伸器中的另一个拉伸胃壁的另一部分。在另一个实施方案中,所述拉伸器包括主体,所述主体适于填充扩张由胃壁部分所形成的容积。所述主体适当地具有滚圆的轮廓而没有会对患者的胃壁造成损伤的过于尖锐的边缘。在所述主体被套叠的情况下,所述主体可以具有变化的周长,以更好地保持在被患者的胃壁部分套叠的合适的位置。所述主体可以具有卵形或肾形。一般而言,可以使用任意种类的机械架构。可以使用机械或液压驱动的任意的机械架构或者任意的气动架构。可以使用任意马达或任意泵或在提供动力时改变形式的移动物质以实现通过使胃的至少两个部分远离彼此移动来拉伸胃壁的一部分这一简单的目的马达。可以使用任意种类的液压操作。可以理解,可以使用气动操作代替液压操作,其中是空气而不是液压流体在储存器与由所述拉伸器形成的腔室之间移动。优选地,所述储存器在由患者操控时具有使其保持在期望位置的锁定位置。为了压缩所述储存器,所述储存器优选停留在被压缩状态,并且在再次按压之后释放。可以将任意种类的液压液用于所述拉伸器。所述液压液可以由机械方式和由任意的马达或泵提供动力来驱动,也可以手动驱动。当然,仅扩张胃的套叠部分也可以拉开胃壁,这一操作也可以由机械方式、液压方式、气动方式和由任意马达或泵提供动力或用手施力来驱动。
本发明还提供一种用于联合治疗反流病的系统和包括以上所述的用于治疗肥胖症的设备的肥胖症治疗系统。所述系统可以包括皮下电子开关,适于手动并且无创地控制用于治疗肥胖症的设备的功能。所述系统可以包括具有液压储存器的液压器件,其中用于治疗肥胖症的设备适于通过手动按压所述液压储存器无创地进行调节。所述系统可以包括用于控制所述设备的功能的无线遥控。所述无线遥控包括至少一个外部信号发射器和可以被设置为植入患者的内部信号接收器。所述无线遥控适于发射用于控制所述设备的至少一个无线控制信号。所述无线控制信号可以包括频率、幅度或相位调制信号或它们的组合,以及模拟或数字信号或模拟信号和数字信号的组合。可替代地,所述无线控制信号包括电场或磁场或者结合的电磁场的组合。所述遥控可以发射用于承载所述无线控制信号的载波信号。所述载波信号可以包括数字信号、模拟信号或者数字信号和模拟信号的组合。所述遥控可以发射用于承载数字控制信号或模拟控制信号的电磁载波信号。所述系统可以包括用于无创地对所述设备提供无线能量的无线能量发射器。所述能量发射器通过至少一个无线能量信号来发射能量。所述无线能量信号可以包括选自以下的波信号:声波信号、超声波信号、电磁波信号、红外线信号、可见光信号、紫外线信号、激光信号、微波信号、无线电波信号、x射线辐射信号和伽马辐射信号。可替代地,所述无线能量信号包括电场或磁场或者结合的电磁场的组合。所述无线能量发射器可以发射用于承载所述无线能量信号的载波信号。所述载波信号可以包括数字信号、模拟信号或者数字信号和模拟信号的组合。所述系统可以包括用于将所述无线能量从第一形式转换为第二形式的能量的能量转换器。所述能量转换器可以在能量传送的过程中使用所述第二形式的能量直接操作所述设备。所述第二形式的能量可以包括直流或脉动直流,或者直流和脉动直流的组合。所述第二形式的能量可包括交流或交流与直流的组合。可以提供储能器,其中所述第二形式的能量至少部分地用于给所述储能器充能。所述第一或第二形式的能量可包括磁能、动能、声能、化学能、辐射能、电磁能、光能、核能或热能。所述第一形式的能量和所述第二形式的能量之一可以是非磁能、非动能、非化学能、非声能、非核能或非热能。所述系统可以包括适于给所述设备供能的能源。所述能源可以包括适于从以无线模式发射能量的外部能源接收能量的内部能源。所述内部能源以无线模式的能量充能。
所述系统可以包括反馈器件,所述反馈器件用于从患者身体内部向其外部发送信息,以给出与功能性参数有关的反馈信息。所述系统可以包括用于检测参数的传感器,所述参数例如系统的功能性参数,与用于为所述内部能源充能的能量传送相关。可以提供内部控制单元,用于对检测功能性参数的传感器进行响应来控制所述设备的操作器。可替代地,传感器检测患者的生理参数。所述生理参数可以是体温、血压、血流、心跳和呼吸之一。所述生理参数传感器可以是压力或活动力传感器,或检测尺寸、弯曲、拉伸或食物摄入的传感器。所述内部控制单元可以对检测所述生理参数的传感器进行响应而控制所述操作器。可以提供内部控制单元,用于从所述传感器接收信息。所述设备的操作器可以包括马达或泵。具体地,所述操作器可以包括电动机。所述操作器可以以由电供能,可以是液压操作器或者可以是气动操作器。直接以其无线形式发射的能量可以影响所述操作器以产生动能,从而在能量传送的过程中操作所述设备的拉伸器。所述系统可以包括反馈器件,以从患者身体内部向其外部发送信息,以给出与功能性参数有关的反馈信息。所述系统可以包括外部数据通信器和与所述外部数据通信器通信的可植入式内部数据通信器,其中所述内部通信器适于向所述外部数据通信器反馈与用于治疗反流病的设备或与患者有关的数据,或者所述外部数据通信器向所述内部数据通信器发送数据。所述系统可以包括可植入的电子组件,所述可植入的电子组件包括至少一个电压电平保护器和/或至少一个恒流保护器。
本发明还提供治疗同时患反流病和肥胖症的患者的方法。所述方法可以与先前所描述的治疗反流病的腹部或管腔内方法一起进行或结合进行。本发明提供以下所列的方法:
a)一种用于以外科手术方式治疗肥胖患者的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
在患者腹壁中切割开口;
剖开胃周围的区域,
放置如以上所述的用于治疗肥胖症的设备,接合患者的胃壁,和
缝合胃壁。
所述方法可以进一步包括以下附加步骤:
在手术后调节所述拉伸器以拉伸胃壁的一部分,以影响患者的食欲,其中调节所述拉伸器的步骤从患者身体外部进行控制。
所述方法可以进一步包括以下附加步骤:
放置如以上所述的用于治疗肥胖症的附加设备,接合患者的胃壁,
借助于所述用于治疗肥胖症的设备拉伸胃壁的第一部分,和
借助于所述用于治疗肥胖症的附加设备拉伸胃壁的第二部分。
b)一种用于通过腹腔镜腹部方法以外科手术方式将用于治疗患者的肥胖症的设备置入病人体内的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
在患者身体的腹部插入与针状或管状仪器,
使用所述针状或管状仪器给患者的腹部充气从而扩张患者的腹腔,
在患者身体中放置至少两个腹腔镜套管针,
将摄像机穿过所述腹腔镜套管针之一插入患者腹部,
穿过所述至少两个腹腔镜套管针之一插入至少一个剖开工具并剖开患者的计划放置的区域,和
放置如以上所述的用于治疗肥胖症的设备,接合胃壁。
c)一种使用如上所述的用于治疗肥胖症的系统的方法,包括在手术后调节所述拉伸器以拉伸胃壁的一部分从而影响患者的食欲的步骤,其中调节所述拉伸器的步骤无创地进行。所述拉伸器包括机械或液压拉伸器。所述液压拉伸器可以包括储存器,用于向、或从所述拉伸器中移动凝胶或气体或流体。所述储存器可以置于皮下,从而使患者的手可触及,以向、或从所述拉伸器中手动移动流体。所述拉伸器可以由内部能源供能以拉伸或松开所述拉伸器,其中借助于控制器来控制来自内部控制单元或来自患者身体外部的能量。用于无线传送能量的无线能量发射器驱动所述操作器控制所述拉伸器,以使在能量传送的过程中直接使所述拉伸器拉伸胃壁。用于无线传送能量的无线能量发射器给所述内部能源供能。可以提供反向伺服,其中当在封闭的液压系统中移动小量流体时,在第二个较大的封闭的液压系统中实现流体的较大移动,其中所述小量流体使用比大体积更大的每单位面积的力来移动。在患者胃底胃壁中套叠的拉伸器适于是可调整的,其中被放置为套叠在胃底壁中的拉伸器适于被调节,并拉伸胃底壁从而产生饱胀感。
所述方法可以进一步包括从身体内部向其外部发送反馈信息,以给出与器件的功能性参数有关的反馈。可替代地,所述方法可以进一步包括从身体内部向其外部发送反馈信息,以给出与患者的生理参数有关的反馈。所述器件的功能性参数可以与用于对内部能源进行充能的能量的传送有关。可以从患者身体外部对所述器件发送指令。
所述方法可以进一步包括以下步骤:
检测患者的生理参数或所述器件的功能性参数,和
向适于调节所述拉伸器的控制单元发送检测信息。
所述方法可以进一步包括以下步骤:
检测患者的生理参数或所述器件的功能性参数,和
向适于调节所述内部能源的充能的控制单元发送检测信息。
所述方法可以进一步包括皮下放置反向伺服,所述反向伺服具有小的控制储存器,并且使用较大的每单位面积的力从控制储存器移动小的体积,从而使用较小的每单位面积的力使所述拉伸器发生较大的移动。
所述方法可以进一步包括通过手动按压皮下开关进行所述的无创调节。
所述方法可以进一步包括通过无线遥控进行所述的无创调节。
所述方法可以进一步包括通过无线能量发射器进行所述的无创调节。
所述方法可以进一步包括通过内部能源驱动所述用于治疗肥胖症的设备。
所述方法可以进一步包括通过外部能源发射无线能量来驱动所述用于治疗肥胖症的设备,其中所述能源包括发射无线能量的外部能源。
所述方法可以进一步包括从外部能源发射无线能量,以给可重复充能的内部能源充能。
d)一种使用如上所述的设备的方法,其中所述拉伸器包括主体,所述主体包括与一个或多个适于拉伸胃壁的较小储存器/腔室相接触的大腔室,其中所述腔室适于连通在所述腔室之间移动的流体或空气。
e)一种使用如上所述的设备的方法,其中所述大腔室适于使用其主容积作为所述拉伸器的最重要的容积,并且其中所述小腔室作为拉伸胃壁以治疗肥胖症的拉伸器,其中所述主腔室将流体或凝胶连通到小腔室,从而在胃底壁中产生拉伸效果,从而治疗肥胖症。
f)一种使用如上所述的设备的方法,包括通过套叠将大腔室的主容积套叠在胃底壁中,从而限制胃切迹向患者横膈膜肌肉的移动来治疗反流病,并且使用所述小腔室拉伸胃底壁,从所述大腔室向所述小腔室连通流体或空气,以在胃底壁中产生拉伸效果,从而治疗肥胖症。
在另一方面,本发明涉及一种治疗具有带食物腔的胃的患者的反流病和/或肥胖症的设备。所述设备通常包括至少一个适于至少基本上被患者的胃壁部分套叠的容积填充器件,其中所述容积填充器件适于被放置在胃壁的外侧,使得食物腔容积的尺寸减小了一个显著超出所述容积填充器件的体积的容积,其中所述容积填充器件的表面包括生物相容材料,其中所述容积填充器件的表面的大部分适于靠在胃壁的外侧,并且其中所述容积填充器件具有至少30毫米的最大周长。所述设备优选包括容积填充器件,所述容积填充器件包括可扩张成扩张状态的可充盈器件。所述可充盈器件优选具有流体或凝胶的入口,并且适于连接至胃镜仪器。所述入口优选包括适于将所述容积填充器件和胃镜仪器互连的流体连接。所述容积填充器件具有细长的形状。可替代地,所述容积填充器件具有滚圆的形状,或者弯曲的形状或曲线的形状。所述容积填充器件优选包括弹性材料。所述容积填充器件优选包括生物相容材料。优选地,所述容积填充器件包括硅树脂。所述容积填充器件可以具有一层或多层的涂层,例如聚对二甲苯(Parylene)涂层、聚四氟乙烯涂层或聚氨酯涂层。所述容积填充器件包括适于被转化为固态或固定形式的流体。在一个示例中,所述流体是液态聚氨酯。在另一示例中,所述流体是等压的。在另一示例中,所述流体包括大分子以防止扩散。在另一示例中,所述流体包括碘分子。所述容积填充器件包括均质材料。所述容积填充器件可以是实心体,它可以包括形成一腔室的包围壁,它可以包括刚性外表面,其可以包括弹性外表面,并且它可以包括柔性外表面。所述容积填充器件优选具有至少50mm的最大周长,更优选地具有至少80mm的周长。所述容积填充器件优选具有0.00001至0.001m3之间的容积(体积),更优选地具有0.00001与0.0002m3之间的容积(体积)。优选地,所述容积填充器件可变形到最大直径,以便插入腹腔镜套管针。所述容积填充器件适于通过胃-胃缝线或U形钉被保持在适当的位置,以将所述器件套叠在胃壁中。所述胃-胃缝线或U形钉具有呈现出适于与胃壁接触的结构的固定部分,以促进人体组织的生长,从而保证接触胃壁的容积填充器件的长期放置。所述结构优选包括网状结构。所述容积填充器件适于在手术后可无创地进行调整。在一个实施方案中,所述容积填充器件具有变化的周长,以更好地适于保持在套叠到患者胃壁中的适当位置。根据本发明的设备可以进一步包括放置在胃壁外侧并且适于拉伸部分胃壁从而影响患者的食欲的拉伸器,所述设备进一步包括将所述拉伸器与所述容积填充器件互连的流体连接。在一个实施方案中,所述容积填充器件适于通过胃镜仪器放置在胃壁外侧。在一个实施方案中,所述容积填充器件包括至少两个可互连部分,并且其中所述容积填充器件适于作为独立部分被放置在胃壁外侧。在一个实施方案中,所述容积填充器件的外表面层包括聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯或PTFE或它们的组合。在一个实施方案中,所述容积填充器件适于被酸破坏,优选适于被氢氯酸破坏。在一个实施方案中,所述容积填充器件包括凝胶,优选所述凝胶具有小于15的肖氏硬度值。在一个实施方案中,所述容积填充器件包括适于与抓取仪协作的附着器。在一个实施方案中,所述容积填充器件适于被患者的胃壁完全套叠。所述设备可以进一步包括固定器,适于将食物摄入减少器固定到胃壁,以在所述容积填充器件被植入时将所述容积填充器件保持在适当位置。所述容积填充器件具有小于0.0002m3的容积(体积),优选具有0.0001与0.001m3之间的容积(体积)。在一个实施方案中,所述容积填充器件适于不受酸的破坏,优选是不受氢氯酸的破坏。优选地,所述容积填充器件具有至少120mm的周长,优选地具有至少150mm的周长,更优选地具有至少180mm的周长,再优选地具有至少220mm的周长。所述容积填充器件优选包括柔性非弹性材料。所述设备优选包括容积填充器件,所述容积填充器件包括适于与将所述器件固定到胃壁有关的固定器。在一个实施方案中,所述容积填充器件包括两个或更多个与将所述器件固定到胃壁有关的固定器。在一个实施方案中,所述容积填充器件包括能够由仪器夹持并且简化所述器件的植入的夹持器。在一个实施方案中,所述容积填充器件包括两个或更多个能够由仪器夹持并且简化所述器件的植入的夹持器。在一个实施方案中,所述容积填充器件包括至少一个连接至所述器件的管。在一个实施方案中,所述容积填充器件包括用于连接至所述管的注入口。
如上所述的包括至少一个容积填充器件的用于治疗患者的反流病和/或肥胖症的设备可以结合先前部分中公开的任意特征,例如但不限于拉伸贲门刺激器。还可以设想,上述包括至少一个容积填充器件的用于治疗患者的反流病和/或肥胖症的设备可以通过一般采用在本文件先前部分中概述的腹部或管腔内方法来植入,并且也可以想到先前描述的运动限制器件的合适的特征可以与所述容积填充器件一起使用。
应当注意,这里所描述的任意实施方案、实施方案的部分、特征、方法、相关联的系统或者系统的部分可以以任意合并方式合并。
附图说明
现在将参考附图通过非限制性的实施例更详细地描述本发明,附图中:
图1A-C是植入人类患者体内的用于治疗胃食管反流病的设备的各种实施方案的示意图。
图2A-B是植入人类患者体内的用于治疗胃食管反流病的设备的各种实施方案的示意图。
图3A-B是植入人类患者体内的用于治疗胃食管反流病的设备的各种实施方案的示意图。
图4A-D是植入人类患者体内的用于治疗胃食管反流病和肥胖症的设备的实施方案的示意图。
图5是植入人类患者体内的用于治疗胃食管反流病的设备的一个实施方案的示意图。
图6A-D和7-9示出了适于植入人类患者体内的用于治疗胃食管反流病的运动限制器件的可替换的形状。
图10是植入了用于治疗胃食管反流病的运动限制器件的患者的整体图。
图11-27是给用于治疗胃食管反流病的设备供能的各种方式的示意图。
图28-34是给本发明的用于治疗胃食管反流病的设备进行液压或气动供能的各种方式的示意图。
图35是示出了在植入用于治疗胃食管反流病的运动限制器件时仅行的步骤的流程图。
图36-41示出了恢复患反流病的患者的贲门和胃底位置的方法。
图42-46示出根据本发明的设备中包括的反流治疗器件的不同形状和特征。
图47a-d示出了根据本发明的设备中包括的排空后的可充盈反流治疗器件和用于将所述反流治疗器件放置在患者胃壁外侧的仪器。
图48a-i示出了将图47a的可充盈器件套叠到患者胃壁外侧的不同步骤。
图49示出了反流治疗设备还适于治疗肥胖症的一个实施方案。
图50-51示出了反流治疗设备还适于治疗肥胖症的一个实施方案。
图52a-h示出了将图47a的可充盈器件套叠到患者胃壁内侧的不同步骤。
图53a-c示出了用于创建胃壁的套叠的仪器。
图54-55示出了用于治疗反流病的腹部方法。
具体实施方式
图1A是描绘植入人类患者体内的根据本发明的用于治疗反流病的设备11的示意图,该设备11包括生物相容材料制成的运动限制器件10。在图1A中,器件10套叠在胃底中。器件10包括具有外表面15的主体13,外表面15适于在患者横膈膜18与被套叠的胃底壁16下部的至少一部分之间的位置上靠在胃底壁16的外壁16a的一部分上。因此,使用以此方式套叠的器件10,限制了患者胃的贲门切迹向患者横膈膜的运动,从而防止贲门穿过患者的横膈膜开口滑入病人的胸部20,并且维持了从患者腹部施加的顶住患者贲门括约肌的支撑压力。
主体13是可充盈的,并且适于充入凝胶或流体。可以设置用于收纳流体以充盈所述运动限制器件的流体或凝胶收纳构件。可替换地,主体13包括均质材料并且为实心体。可替换地,主体13包括形成一腔室的包围壁形式的外壁。外壁可以是刚性的、弹性的或者柔性的。在外壁是刚性的情况下,其刚性的程度足以在承受胃运动所产生的力量时保持不变形。
运动限制器件10的主体13可以以多种不同的方式附到胃底16的壁16a上。在图1A示出的实施方案中,器件10从胃的外侧套叠到胃底壁中。在套叠之后,使用由多个胃-胃缝线或U形钉22a组成的第一固定器,以在短期内保持套叠的完整无损。这使得人体组织能够生长以长期保持套叠完整无损。
可选地还可以存在由多个缝线或U形钉22b组成的第二固定器,这些缝线或U形钉被用在胃底16的壁16a与食管24的壁24a之间,以将器件10保持在患者横膈膜18与被套叠的胃底壁16a下部的至少一部分之间的所述位置处。因此,由该第二固定设备在该位置附着器件10。可以设置器件10到横膈膜肌肉18或相关联的肌肉上的直接或间接的附着结构。作为替换,可以设置器件10到食管的His角上的直接或间接的附着结构。可替换地或附加地,可以在胃底16的壁16a与横膈膜18之间设有缝线或U形钉22c形式的第三固定器,以将器件10保持在所述位置。
图1B示出了与图1A中所示基本类似的一个实施方案。在图1B中,除附着结构22之外,主体13和套叠结构通过在反流主体13与横膈膜18之间的缝线和/或U形钉22c固定,以将所述器件保持在贲门14之上的位置。
图1C示出了与图1A中所示基本类似的另一个实施方案。在图1C中,反流治疗器件由连接胃底16的壁16a与胃底16的壁16a的胃-胃缝线或U形钉22a保持在适当的位置。另外,所述反流治疗器件10由从胃底16a的壁16到食管壁24a上的缝线22b或U形钉以及由从胃底壁16a到横膈膜的缝线或U形钉保持在适当的位置。
图2A中描绘了根据本发明的用于治疗反流病的设备17的一个替换性的实施方案。该实施方案在诸多方面类似于以上参考图1A-C所述的实施方案。因此,运动限制器件10被示为已植入人类患者体内并且套叠在胃底中。然而,在图2A所示的实施方案中,器件10从胃的内侧套叠,而不是像图1A-C那样从胃的外侧套叠。运动限制器件10包括主体13,主体13适于在患者横膈膜18与被套叠的胃底壁16下部的至少一部分之间的位置靠在胃底壁16的部分内壁上。在该实施方案中,主体13位于站立的人或哺乳动物患者的贲门区域14的上方。器件10的主体13被成形为靠在胃底16的壁16a上,并且进一步具有适于靠在该胃底壁上的外表面15。因此,使用以如上结合图1A所述的方式套叠的器件10,限制了患者胃的贲门切迹向患者横膈膜的运动,从而防止贲门穿过患者横膈膜开口而滑入患者胸部20,并且维持了从患者腹部施加的顶住患者贲门括约肌的支撑压力。
在套叠之后,从胃16的内侧应用包括第一固定器的多个胃-胃缝线或U形钉33a,以在短期内保持套叠完整无缺。这使得人体组织能够生长以长期保持套叠完整无缺。包括第二固定器的附加的缝线或U形钉22b可以设置在形成器件10的一部分套叠的胃底16的壁部分16b与食管24的壁24a之间,以将器件10保持在所述位置。类似地,缝线或U形钉22c形式的第三固定器可以设置在形成器件10的部分套叠的胃底16的另一壁部分16c与横膈膜18之间,以将器件10保持在所述位置。
图2B示出了一个替换性的实施例。该实施例在诸多方面类似于参考图2A所描述的实施方案。然而,这里,缝线和U形钉22b和33a都连接至反流治疗器件10的固定器。该实施方案中不存在胃-横膈膜的缝线或U形钉。
图3A示出了用于治疗反流病的一个替换性的设备19。该替换方案在诸多方面类似于以上参考图1A-C和图2A-B所描述的实施方案。因此,运动限制器件10被示为已植入人类患者体内。器件10包括主体13,主体13适于在患者横膈膜18与胃底壁16之间的位置靠在胃底壁16的一部分上。然而,在该替换方案中,器件10没有套叠到胃16中。作为代替,器件10的附着结构包括接触结构10a,优选是适于与胃底壁16a相接触的网状结构以促进人体组织的生长,从而保证所述反流病治疗器件能够长期接触胃壁放置。在短期内,缝线或U形钉44a形式的第一固定器可以设置在接触结构10a与胃底壁16a之间以将接触结构10a保持在适当的位置。
接触结构10a可以适用于缝线或U形钉44b形式的第二固定器,这些缝线或U形钉44b设置在胃底16的壁16a与食管24的壁24a之间,以将器件10保持在患者横膈膜18与胃底壁16之间的所述位置。类似地,接触结构10a还可以适用于缝线或U形钉44c形式的第三固定器,这些缝线或U形钉44c设置在胃底16的壁16a与横膈膜之间,以将器件10保持在所述位置。
图3B示出了一个替换性的实施方案。该实施方案在诸多方面类似于参考图3A描述的实施方案。在该实施方案中,反流治疗器件10如图2A-B那样从胃的内侧被套叠。接触结构10a位于胃底16的壁16a上在反流治疗器件10所产生的套叠之上并围绕着所述套叠。
图4A中描绘了根据本发明的用于治疗反流病的设备21的一个替换性的实施方案。该实施例在诸多方面类似于以上参考图1A-C描述的实施方案。在图4A中示出了已植入人类患者体内的根据本发明的用于治疗反流病的器件10的视图。在图4A中,运动限制器件10同样套叠在胃底16中。器件10包括具有外表面15的主体13,外表面15适于在患者横膈膜18与被套叠的胃底壁16下部的至少一部分之间的位置靠在胃底壁16的外壁16a的一部分上。主体13被成形为靠在胃底16的外壁16a上。因此,使用以此方式套叠的器件10,限制了患者胃的贲门切迹向患者横膈膜的运动,从而防止贲门穿过患者的横膈膜开口滑入患者的胸部20,并且维持了从患者腹部施加的顶住患者贲门括约肌的支撑压力。
在图4A的实施方案中,如图1A的实施方案中一样,在器件10套叠到胃底16中之后,应用由多个胃-胃缝线或U形钉22a组成的第一固定器,以在短期内保持套叠的完整无损。设置由多个缝线或U形钉22b组成的第二固定器,以将器件10保持在患者横膈膜18与被套叠的胃底壁16下部的至少一部分之间的所述位置中。另外,缝线或U形钉22c形式的第三固定器同样可以设在胃底16的壁16a与横膈膜18之间,以将器件10保持在所述位置。
在图4A描绘的实施方案中,运动限制器件10的尺寸可以在植入时进行调节。器件10伴有一个通过引线52b与器件10相连的液压储存器52,因而可以通过手动按压液压储存器52进行无创的调节。器件10另一方面连接至一个或多个较小的腔室10b。
此外,以上实施方案可替换地还用于治疗肥胖症。在该实施方案中,该设备可以适于使用运动限制主体13的容积容纳流体,并进一步使用通过泵与主体13相连的、待填充流体的一个或多个较小腔室10b来拉伸胃底壁以产生饱胀感,从而治疗肥胖症。小腔室10b还适于被套叠到胃底壁中,并且在填充流体时会发生膨胀,导致人体传感器反馈产生饱胀感。通过在患者皮下放置小型液压储存器/泵,患者能够在需要时泵送液压流体填充小腔室以产生饱胀感。
图4B示出了一个替换性的实施方案。该实施方案基本上类似于图4A所示的实施方案,不同之处在于如何控制反流治疗器件10和腔室10b。这里,腔室10b不由皮下的泵控制,而是由启动的内部控制单元56控制。内部控制单元56包括供患者控制器件10如何被使用以治疗反流和/或肥胖症的装置。其还可以包括给所述器件供能的装置。
内部控制单元56可以包括电池70、电子开关72、马达/泵44、储存器52、注入口1001。具有遥控的能量传输器34适用于对器件进行控制和供能。这些东西依赖于实际情形选择,例如所述器件是电操作、液压操作、气动操作或机械操作的。
控制单元可以接受来自任意传感器76、尤其是压力传感器的输入。可以提供任意类型的传感器。内部控制单元56优选包括FPGA或MCU或ASIC或任意其它电路、组件或存储器形式的智能(对于更广义的描述,参见以下的“系统”项下)。
图4C示出了与图4A本质上相同的实施方案,不同之处在于,用一个小腔室10b代替了图4A的两个小腔室。图4C示出了排空状态的小腔室10b,而图4D示出了已被填充并扩大到产生饱胀感时的小腔室10b。
图5A中描绘了根据本发明的用于治疗反流病的设备23的又一替换性的实施方案。该实施方案同样在诸多方面类似于以上参考图1A-C描述的实施方案。因此,如图1A的实施方案所示,套叠在胃底中的运动限制器件10由具有外表面15的主体13组成,外表面15适于在患者横膈膜18与被套叠的胃底壁16下部的至少一部分之间的位置靠在胃底壁16的外壁16a的一部分上。器件10的主体13被成形为靠在胃底16的外壁16a上,并且具有适于靠在该胃底壁上的大致光滑的外表面15。同样,在将器件10套叠在胃底16中之后,应用由多个胃-胃缝线或U形钉22a的第一固定器,以在短期内保持套叠完整无损。用设于胃底16的壁16a与食管24的壁24a之间并由多个缝线或U形钉22b构成的第一固定器将器件10保持在所述位置。
在图5A的一个替换性的实施方案中,设备23进一步包括刺激器26,用于发出适于刺激贲门肌肉的刺激脉冲以进一步闭合贲门从而进一步防止反流病。设备23包括至少一个导体26a和适于接收所述刺激脉冲的至少一个电极26b。
刺激器26优选包括电子电路和能源,在优选实施方案中设于器件10中。
刺激器26优选发送脉冲串形式的刺激脉冲,其中所述脉冲串适于被重复,脉冲串之间具有一时间间隔,所述间隔延长在脉冲串中的各个脉冲之间的间隔。
图5B示出了与图5A本质上相同的实施方案,增加了内部控制单元56、遥控28和外部能量传输器34。内部控制单元56使用供能引线56b连接至所述刺激器。内部控制单元57可以包括电池70和电子开关72以及以下在“系统”项下描述的其它组件。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,反流病治疗器件10可以形成大致为卵形的主体,如图6A所示。根据本发明的另一个实施方案,反流病治疗器件10也可以形成为中间缩进的卵形或球形体,如图6B所示。根据本发明的再一个实施方案,反流病治疗器件10可以进一步形成为稍微弯曲的卵形体,如图6C所示。
根据本发明的另一个的实施方案,反流病治疗器件10可以形成大致为球形的主体,如图6D所示。
如上所述,反流治疗器件10被固定在站立的患者的食管之上的位置。为此,图7中所示的反流治疗的一个实施方案包括可以例如用作缝线或U形钉的连接点的固定器10d。该固定器可以是有孔洞或没有孔洞的环形或脊形,或者具有使其适于固定反流治疗器件10的任意其它形状。
图8示出了反流治疗器件10的一个实施例,其中反流治疗器件10通过液压装置可调整,并且10e是可以注入液压流体以使器件膨胀的注入口。可替换地,在一个实施方案中,反流治疗器件10可以在手术过程中从小尺寸膨胀到较大的尺寸,其优点在于,例如在腹腔镜过程中该器件最初是小尺寸。在这样的实施方案中,任意填充材料、固体、液体或气体都可以通过注入口10e注入,以反流治疗器件10达到其最终形状。
图9示出了一个实施方案,其中反流治疗器件具有适于使用外科手术工具夹持的凹陷脊10f。凹陷脊10f例如在植入所述反流治疗器件时用于外科手术过程中。
当反流病治疗器件10大致为球形时,由此其可以被制作为完全或部分包围食管,反流病治疗器件10的内径D优选可以包围食管和至少一部分胃底,从而使该器件在植入时不会直接靠在食管壁上。
运动限制器件10可以为任意的形式,只要其能够使器件10位于限制患者胃的贲门切迹向患者横膈膜的运动的位置,从而防止贲门穿过患者横膈膜开口滑入患者胸部20,并且维持了从患者腹部施加的顶住患者贲门括约肌的支撑压力。
系统
现在将参照图10-27描述合并到根据本发明的设备中的能量和操作系统,其一般表示为28。
图10中所示的系统28包括植入的能量转换器30形式的内部能源,其适于通过供能线32给反流病治疗设备的耗能组件供应能量。外部能量传输器34包括发射无线信号的无线遥控,所述无线信号由可以合并到所述植入的能量转换器30中的或独立的信号接收器接收。植入的能量转换器30将来自信号的能量转换为通过供能线32供应的电能。
图10的系统28在图11中被示为更一般化的框图,其中一般用竖线示出的患者皮肤36将该线右侧的患者内部29与该线左侧的外部隔开。
图11示出简化的框图,其示出了运动限制器件10、通过供能线32给器件10供能的能量转换器30以及外部能量传输器34。
图12示出了与图11相同的本发明的一个实施方案,不同之处在于,电子开关38形式的反转器也植入患者29体内以使器件10反转,所述电子开关38可由极化能操作。外部能量传输器34的无线遥控发射承载了极化能的无线信号,并且植入的能量转换器30将无线极化能转换为用于操作电子开关38的极化电流。当电流的极性由植入的能量转换器30切换时,电子开关38反转器件10所执行的功能。
图13示出了与图11相同的本发明的一个实施方案,不同之处在于,在植入的能量转换器30与器件10之间设置植入患者体内的用于调节反流病治疗器件10的操作器40。该操作器可以采用马达40的形式,例如伺服马达的形式。当外部能量传输器34的遥控向植入的能量转换器30的接收器发射无线信号时,马达40由来自植入的能量转换器30的能量供能。
图14示出了与图11相同的本发明的一个实施方案,不同之处在于,它还包括组合件42形式的马达操作器,所述组合件包括马达/泵氮源78和流体储存器46,并被植入患者体内。在这种情况下,器件10以液压方式操作,即液压流体由马达/泵单元44从流体储存器46通过管道48泵送到器件10以操作器件10,并且液压流体由马达/泵单元44从器件10泵送回流体储存器46以将器件10返回到启动位置。植入的能量转换器30将无线能量转换为电流,例如极化电流,以通过输电线50给马达/泵单元44供能。
代替以液压方式操作的运动限制器件10,还可以设想所述操作器包括气动操作器。在这种情况下,加压的空气可以用于进行调节,流体储存器由空气腔替换,并且流体由空气替换。
在所有这些实施方案中,能量转换器30可以包括由无线能量充能的可重复充能式储能器,如电池或电容器,并且为设备中的任意耗能部件提供能量。
外部能量传输器34优选是无线的,并且可以包括用于从人体外部控制器件10的受遥控的控制器。
这种控制器可以包括无线遥控,以及任意植入部件的手动控制,在大部分情况下患者的手可能是非直接地与所述手动控制接触,这样的手动控制例如置于皮肤之下用于按压的按钮。
图15示出了本发明的一个实施方案,包括具有其无线遥控的外部能量传输器34、在该例子中以液压方式操作的器件10和植入的能量转换器30,并且进一步包括液压流体储存器52、马达/泵单元44和液压阀转换器54形式的反转器,所有这些器件都植入患者体内。当然,液压操作可以仅通过改变泵送方向而容易地进行,因此液压阀可以省略。遥控可以是独立于所述外部能量传输器或包括在所述外部能量传输器中的器件。马达/泵单元44的马达是电动机。响应于来自外部能量传输器34的无线遥控的控制信号,植入的能量转换器30使用来自控制信号所承载的能量的能量给马达/泵单元44供能,由此马达/泵单元44在液压流体储存器52与器件10之间分配液压流体。外部能量传输器34的遥控控制液压阀转换器54在以下两个方向之间转换液压流体的流动方向,在一个方向上所述流体由马达/泵单元44从液压流体储存器52泵送到器件10以操作器件10,在另一个反方向上所述流体由马达/泵单元44从器件10泵送回液压流体储存器以使器件10返回到启动位置。
图16示出了与图15相同的本发明的一个实施方案,不同之处在于,还将受外部能量传输器34的无线遥控控制的内部控制单元56、储能器58和电容器60植入患者体内。内部控制单元56将从植入的能量转换器30接收的电能存储在向器件10供能的储能器58中。响应于来自外部能量传输器34的无线遥控的控制信号,内部控制单元56或从储能器58释放电能并通过供能线62和64转换所释放的电能,或通过供能线66、使电流稳定的电容器60、供能线68和供能线64直接转换来自植入的能量转换器30的电能,用于器件10的操作。
内部控制单元优选是从患者身体外部可编程的。在一个优选的实施方案中,内部控制单元被编程为对器件10进行调节以根据预编程的时间表或者根据来自用于检测患者的任意可能的生理参数或器件的任意功能性参数的任意传感器的输入来拉伸胃。
根据一个替换方案,图16的实施方案中的电容器60可以省略。根据另一个替换方案,该实施方案中的储能器可以省略。
图17示出了与图10相同的本发明的一个实施方案,不同之处在于,还将用于为器件10的操作供能的电池70和用于切换器件10的操作的电子开关72植入患者体内。电子开关72用植入的能量转换器30所供应的能量来操作,以从不使用电池70的关闭模式切换到电池70提供能量用于操作器件10的开启模式。
图18示出了与图16相同的本发明的一个实施方案,不同之处在于,还将可由外部能量传输器34的无线遥控进行控制的内部控制单元56植入患者体内。在这种情况下,电子开关72用植入的能量转换器30所供应的能量来操作,以从阻止所述无线遥控对内部控制单元56进行控制并且不使用电池的关闭模式,切换到允许所述遥控对内部控制单元56进行控制以从电池70释放电能用于操作器件10的待机模式。
图19示出了与图17相同的本发明的一个实施方案,不同之处在于,用储能器58代替电池70并且植入的组件以不同方式互连。在这种情况下,储能器58存储来自植入的能量转换器30的能量。响应于来自外部能量传输器34的无线遥控的控制信号,内部控制单元56控制电子开关72从不使用储能器58的关闭模式切换到储能器58提供用于操作器件10的能量的开启模式。
图20示出了与图18相同的本发明的一个实施方案,不同之处在于,储能器70也植入患者体内并且植入的组件以不同方式互连。响应于来自外部能量传输器34的无线遥控的控制信号,内部控制单元56控制储能器58传递用于操作电子开关72的能量,以从不使用电池70的关闭模式切换到电池70供应用于操作器件10的电能的开启模式。
可替换地,电子开关72可以用储能器58所供应的能量操作,以从阻止所述无线遥控对电池70进行控制以供应电能并且所述遥控并未使用的关闭模式,切换到允许所述无线遥控对电池70进行控制以提供用于操作器件10的电能的待机模式。
应当理解,所述开关应当以其最广义的实施方案来解释。这意味着,FPGA或DA转换器或任意其它电子组件或电路都可以通电和断电,优选地从患者身体外部或者由内部控制单元进行控制。
图21示出了与图17相同的本发明的一个实施方案,不同之处在于,还将马达40、齿轮箱74形式的机械反转器以及用于控制齿轮箱74的内部控制单元56植入患者体内。内部控制单元56控制齿轮箱74,以反转器件10所执行的功能(以机械方式操作)。甚至更简单的是以电的方式切换马达的方向。
图22示出了与图20相同的本发明的一个实施方案,其特征在于,植入的组件以不同方式互连。因此,在这种情况下,当储能器58(合适的是电容器)启动电子开关72切换到开启模式时,内部控制单元56由电池70供电。当电子开关72处于其开启模式时,允许内部控制单元56控制电池70,以提供或不提供用于操作器件10的能量。
图23示意性地示出了用于实现各种通信选择的设备中植入组件的可以想出的组合。基本地有器件10、内部控制单元56、马达或泵单元44和包括外部无线遥控的外部能量传输器34。如以上所述,所述无线遥控发射控制信号,由内部控制单元56接收该控制信号并接下来控制所述设备的各种植入组件。
反馈器件优选是传感器76的形式,可以植入患者,用于检测患者的生理参数,例如用于表示患者正在进食的食管收缩波。内部控制单元56,或者可替换地,外部能量传输器34的外部无线遥控,可以响应于来自传感器76的信号来控制器件10。收发器可以与传感器76合并,用于向外部无线遥控发送关于所检测的生理参数的信息。无线遥控可以包括信号发射器或收发器,并且内部控制单元56可以包括信号接收器或收发器。可替换地,无线遥控可以包括信号接收器或收发器,并且内部控制单元56可以包括信号发射器或收发器。上述收发器、发射器和接收器可以用于从患者身体内部向其外部发送与器件10相关的信息或数据。
可替换地,传感器76可以被设置为检测器件10的功能性参数。
当植入马达/泵单元44和用于给马达/泵单元44供电的电池70时,电池70可以装配有收发器,用于发送关于电池70的状态的信息。更准确地说,当用能量对电池或储能器充电时,发送与所述充电过程相关的反馈信息,并且相应地,能量提供发生改变。
图24示出了一个替换性的实施方案,其中器件10从患者身体外部进行调节。系统28包括通过皮下的开关80与电池70相连的运动限制器件10。因此,器件10的调节通过手动按下皮下开关无创地进行,由此将器件10的操作切换为通电或断电。可以理解,所示的实施方案是简化方案,并且附加的组件,诸如内部控制单元或本申请中所公开的任意其它部件,均可以增加到该系统中。
图25示出了一个替换性的实施方案,其中系统28包括与液压流体储存器52流体连接的运动限制器件10。无创的调节可以通过手动按压连接至器件10的液压储存器来进行。
可合并到根据本发明的设备中的系统的另一个实施方案包括用于从患者身体内部向其外部发送信息的反馈器件,以给出与所述运动限制器件或设备的至少一项功能性参数或者患者的生理参数相关的反馈信息,从而优化设备的性能。
该器件的一个优选的功能性参数与用于对内部能源进行充能的能量传送有关。
在图26中,示意性地示出了一个用于给植入患者的系统28供应准确量的能量的配置方案,患者的皮肤36由竖线示出。运动限制器件10连接至同样位于患者内部并且优选恰在患者皮肤36之下的植入的能量转换器30。一般而言,植入的能量转换器30可以位于腹内、胸内、(例如在腹壁上的)肌肉筋膜、皮下或任意其它合适的位置。植入的能量转换器30适于接收从外部能源34a发射的无线能量E,其中外部能源34a设在位于患者皮肤36外并靠近植入的能量转换器30的外部能量传输器34中。
在本领域中已知的是,所述无线能量E通常可以借助于任意合适的经皮能量传送(TET)器来传送,所述经皮能量传送器例如包括设置在外部能源34a中的初级线圈和相邻的设置在植入的能量转换器30中的次级线圈的器件。在通过所述初级线圈输送电流时,在次级线圈中感应产生电压形式的能量,该能量可以例如在将输入的能量存储在诸如电池或电容器之类的能量存储器或储能器中之后,用于操作运动限制器件。然而,本发明通常不限于任何特定的能量传送技术、TET器件或能量存储器,并且可以使用任意种类的无线能量。
器件在身体内部接收的能量的量可与所述器件所使用的能量相当。那么,术语该器件所使用的被理解为还包括该器件所存储的能量。所传送的能量的量可以借助于外部控制单元34b进行调节,外部控制单元34b基于所确定的能量平衡控制外部能源34a,如以上所述。为了传送正确量的能量,可以借助于连接至反流病治疗器件10的内部控制单元56来确定所述能量平衡和所需的能量的量。因此,内部控制单元56可以被设置为接收由用于测量r10的某些特性的合适的传感器等(未示出)获得的各种测量值,所述r10的某些特性在某种程度上反映器件10的适当操作所需的能量的量。此外,也可以借助于合适的测量器件或传感器来探测患者的当前状况,以提供反映患者状况的参数。因此,这种特性和/或参数可以与器件10的当前状态诸如功耗、操作模式和温度以及由例如体温、血压、心跳和呼吸反映的患者状况相关。
另外,能量存储器或储能器58可以选择性地连接至植入的能量转换器30,以累积接收到的能量以供器件10之后使用。可替换地或附加地,也可以测量诸如储能器的特性,该特性也反映所需的能量的量。所述储能器可以由电池来代替,并且所测量的特性可以与电池的当前状态诸如电压、温度等相关。为了给器件10提供足够的电压和电流,并且为了避免过量发热,显而易见,应当最优选通过从植入的能量转换器30接收正确量的能量,就是说不要太少也不要太多,来给电池充电。所述储能器也可以是具有相应特性的电容器。
例如,可以定期测量所述电池的特性以确定电池的当前状态,然后电池的当前状态可以作为状态信息存储在内部控制单元56中的合适的存储装置中。这样,无论何时进行新的测量,所存储的电池状态信息都可以相应地得到更新。以此方式,可以通过传送正确的能量的量对电池的状态进行“校准”,以使电池维持在最优状态。
因此,内部控制单元56适于基于以上提及的传感器或测量器件对反流病治疗器件10、患者、能量存储器(在使用的情况下)或它们任意的组合进行的测量,来确定能量平衡和/或当前所需能量的量(或者是每单位时间的能量或者是累积的能量)。内部控制单元56进一步连接至内部信号发射器82,内部信号发射器82被设置为向连接至外部控制单元34b的外部信号接收器34c发射反映所确定的所需能量的量的控制信号。然后,可以响应于所接收的控制信号来调节从外部能源34a发射的能量的量。
可替换地,传感器测量值可以被直接发射给外部控制单元34b,其中由外部控制单元34b来确定所述能量平衡和/或当前所需能量的量,因此将以上所述的内部控制单元56的功能整合在外部控制单元34b中。在这种情况下,内部控制单元56可以省略,并且所述传感器测量值被直接提供给内部信号发射器82,内部信号发射器82将测量值发送给外部信号接收器34c和外部控制单元34b。然后可以由外部控制单元34b基于那些传感器测量值来确定所述能量平衡和当前所需能量的量。
因此,本方案采用了表示所需能量的信息的反馈,该方案比先前的方案更有效,原因在于该方案基于例如在能量的量、能量差或与器件10所使用的能率相比较的能量接收率的方面与所接收的能量相当的实际使用的能量。器件10可以将所接收的能量用于消耗或用于在能量存储器等中存储能量。因此,在相关且需要的情况下会使用以上所讨论的不同的参数,然后作为用于确定实际的能量平衡的工具。
然而,对于内部所采取的任意的对器件进行特定操作的行为来说,本身也可能需要这种参数。
内部信号发射器82和外部信号接收器34c可以为使用合适的信号传送装置诸如无线电、IR(红外线)或超声波信号的独立单元。可替换地,内部信号发射器82和外部信号接收器34c可以分别整合在植入的能量转换器30和外部能源34a中,以基本上使用相同的传输技术以与能量传送相反的方向传递控制信号。可以在频率、相位或幅度方面调制所述控制信号。
最后,图26所示的能量供应配置方案可以基本上以以下方式来操作。首先由内部控制单元56来确定能量平衡。还由内部控制单元56来建立反映所需能量的量的控制信号,并且从内部信号发射器82向外部信号接收器34c发射所述控制信号。可替换地,所述能量平衡可以依赖于具体实施方案而由外部控制单元34b来确定,如以上所述。在那种情况下,控制信号可以从承载来自各种传感器的测量结果。然后,由外部控制单元34b基于所确定的能量平衡(例如响应于所接收的控制信号)来对外部能源34a发射的能量的量进行调节。该过程可以在持续进行能量传送的过程中以特定的间隔间歇性地重复,或者可以在能量传送期间更连续地或更不连续地执行。
所传送能量的量通常可以通过调整外部能源34a中的各种传输参数,例如电压、电流、幅度、波频率和脉冲特性来调节。
因此,提供了一种用于对供应给植入患者的可电操作的反流病治疗器件的无线能量的传输进行控制的方法。无线能量E从位于患者体外的外部能源发射,并且由位于患者体内的内部能量接收器接收,所述内部能量接收器连接至器件10,用于直接或间接地将所接收的能量供应给器件10。确定在由所述内部能量接收器接收的能量与用于器件10的能量之间的能量平衡。然后,基于所确定的能量平衡对来自所述外部能源的无线能量E的传输进行控制。
因此,还提供一种用于对供应给植入患者的可电操作的运动限制器件10的无线能量的传输进行控制的系统。该系统适于从位于患者体外的外部能源发射无线能量E,所述无线能量E由位于患者体内的植入的能量转换器接收,所述植入的能量变换器连接至器件10,用于直接或间接地将所接收的能量供应给器件10。该系统进一步适于确定在植入的能量转换器所接收的能量与用于器件10的能量之间的能量平衡,并且基于所确定的能量平衡对来自外部能源的无线能量E的传输进行控制。
该器件的功能性参数与用于对内部能源充能的能量的传送有关。
在另一可替换的实施方案中,从患者身体的外部对所述外部能源进行控制以释放电磁无线能量,所释放的电磁无线能量被用于操作器件10。
在另一个实施方案中,从患者身体的外部对外部能源进行控制以释放非磁无线能量,所释放的非磁无线能量被用于操作器件10。
本领域技术人员会认识到,以上根据图14-26的各种实施方案可以以多种不同的方式合并。例如,由电子开关38操作的极化能量可以合并到图12、15-21中的任意一个实施方案中,液压阀转换器54可以合并到图24的实施方案中,齿轮箱74可以合并到图33的实施方案中。应当注意,所述开关可简单地表示任意电子电路或组件。
以上已经描述了实现了无创操作的用于操作运动限制器件10的能量的无线传送。可以理解,器件10也可以使用有线能量来操作。这样的一个示例示于图26中,其中外部开关84借助于供能线86和88连在外部能源34a与操作器例如调节器件10的电动机之间。外部控制单元34b对外部开关的操作进行控制,以实施器件10的恰当操作。
液压或气动供能
图28-31示出了给根据本发明的运动限制器件进行液压或气动供能的四种不同方式的更为详细的框图。
图28示出了如以上所述用于治疗反流病的系统。该系统包括器件10,并且进一步包括独立的调节储存器46、单向泵44和转换阀54。
图29示出器件10和流体储存器46。通过移动调节储存器的壁或者以任意其它不同的方式改变调节储存器的大小,可以在没有任何阀的情况下仅通过在任意时刻移动储存器壁使流体自由通过来调整所述器件。
图30示出器件10、双向泵44和调节储存器46。
图31示出了具有控制第二闭合系统的第一闭合系统的反向伺服系统的框图。所述伺服系统包括调节储存器46和伺服储存器90。伺服储存器90通过机械互连94对运动限制器件10进行机械控制。器件10具有可膨胀/可收缩的腔室。优选通过从与器件10流体连接的较大的可调整储存器92供应液压流体来使该腔室膨胀或收缩。可替换地,该腔室容纳有可压缩气体,所述可压缩气体可以在伺服储存器90的控制下被压缩和膨胀。
伺服储存器90还可以是所述器件本身的一部分。
在一个实施方案中,调节储存器被置于患者的皮肤下面,并且通过用手指推动其外表面来操作。这种反流病治疗系统示于图32-c中。在图31中显示了柔性的皮下调节储存器46通过导管48连接至凸形的伺服储存器90。该褶箱形的伺服储存器90包括在柔性的运动限制器件10中。在图32所示的状态下,伺服储存器90包含最小量的流体,并且大部分流体处于调节储存器46中。由于在伺服储存器90与器件10之间的机械互连,器件10的外形收缩,即它占据了比其最大容积小的体积。该最大容积在图中使用虚线示出。
图32示出一种状态,在该状态下,使用者如植入了所述器件的患者按压调节储存器46从而带动调节储存器46中容纳的流体流过导管48并进入伺服储存器90中,伺服储存库90由于它的褶箱形状而纵向扩张。这种扩张接着会扩张器件10,使其占据其最大容积,从而拉伸与其接触的胃壁(未示出)。
调节储存器46优选设有用于在压缩之后维持其形状的装置46a。在图中示意性地示出的该装置因此在用户释放所述调节储存器时还是可以将器件10维持在拉伸的位置。以此方式,调节储存器基本上可以作为用于所述反流病治疗系统的通/断开关来工作。
现在参考图33和图34描述液压或气动操作的一个替代性的实施方案。图33中示出的框图包括控制第二闭合系统的第一闭合系统。所述第一系统包括调节储存器46和伺服储存器90。伺服储存器90通过机械互连94以机械方式控制较大的可调整的储存器92。反过来,具有可膨胀/可收缩的腔室的运动限制器件10由较大的可调整的储存器92通过从与器件10流体连接的较大的可调整的储存器92供应液压流体来控制。
现在将参考图34来描述该实施方案的一个示例。与先前的实施方案相同,所述调节储存器以皮下方式置于患者皮肤之下,并且通过用手指推动其外表面来操作。调节储存器46通过导管48与褶箱形的伺服储存器90流体连接。在图32a中所示的第一闭合系统46、48和90中,伺服储存器90容纳最小量的流体,可见大部分流体处于调节储存器46中。
伺服储存器90以机械方式连接至较大的可调整的储存器92,在该示例中,较大的可调整的储存器92也具有褶箱形状,但直径比伺服储存器90大。较大的可调整的储存器92与器件10流体连接。这意味着,当用户推动调节储存器46从而将流体从调节储存器46移动到伺服储存器90时,伺服储存器90的扩张会使较大量的流体从较大的可调整的储存器92移动到器件10。换句话说,在该反向伺服中,调节储存器中的小体积由较大力进行压缩,这产生了使用较小的每单位面积的力的较大总面积的移动。
与以上参考图32a-c所描述的先前的实施方案相同,调节储存器46优选设有用于在压缩之后维持其形状的装置46a。在图中示意性地示出的该装置因此在用户释放调节储存器时还是可以将器件10维持在拉伸的位置。以此方式,调节储存器基本上可以作为用于所述反流病治疗系统的通/断开关来工作。
在图35中,流程图示出了在植入根据本发明的器件时所进行的步骤。首先,在步骤102中,在腹壁上切开开口。接着,在步骤104中,剖开胃周围的区域。之后,在步骤106中,将至少一个根据本发明的运动限制器件与胃壁接触、尤其是与胃底壁接触放置。然后,在步骤108中缝合胃壁。
恢复贲门和胃底的位置的方法
图36示出了如何将具有至少一个柔性部件201的仪器200引入患食管裂孔疝的患者的食管24中,其中应该位于横膈膜18之下的食管24和胃底16的一部分已经通过缺口18a移动到横膈膜18之上的位置。
在图37中示出了,在接下来的步骤中,如何从仪器200中释放横截面积比所述仪器200大的构件203。构件203适于具有比贲门14的开口大的横截面。这可以通过构件203的径向扩张来实现。然后,向远端方向推动仪器200,以使不正确地位于横膈膜18之上的贲门14和胃底16或部分胃底16通过缺口18a滑回横膈膜18之下的正确位置。
图38示出了图37中所示的本发明的一个实施方案的一个替代方法。该图在诸多方面类似于图37。在图38中,仪器200适于将仪器200的末端205处的气球构件204释放在胃206的下部,并且使用气球构件204使仪器200推挤胃207的下壁部,从而使贲门14和胃底16或部分胃底16通过缺口18a滑到横膈膜18之下的位置。
图39示出了作为本发明的实施方案的再一替代方法。同样,该图在诸多方面与图37类似。然而,在图39中,该方法涉及通过固定器208将构件203连到胃207的壁上。如以上所述,然后向远端方向推动所述仪器,使得贲门14和胃底16或者部分胃底16滑到横膈膜18之下。
图40示出了如何使胃底16和贲门14在由仪器200推过缺口18a之后定位于横膈膜18之下的位置。
图41示出该方法的后续步骤。在胃底16和贲门14被推入其在横膈膜18之下的正确位置时,胃底壁16a被附到食管24的下部。这是通过使用在仪器200的近端部分205中能够提供缝线或U形钉210的构件209来实施的。这一固定防止贲门14和胃底16向横膈膜18之上的位置移动。
以下简要描述根据本发明的其它方法。
一种治疗患者的反流病的方法包括将根据本发明的反流病治疗系统植入患者体内的步骤。
一种使用根据本发明的用于治疗反流病的系统的方法包括在手术后调节该器件以防止反流的步骤。
一种以外科手术方法将根据本发明的运动限制器件置入患者体内的方法包括以下步骤:在患者的腹壁中切开开口,剖开胃周围的区域,放置运动限制器件并将其连到胃壁上,并缝合胃壁。
一种使用在手术后从身体外部控制的、调节所述器件的反流病治疗系统的方法包括以下步骤:填充连到部分胃壁上的容积并从患者身体外部调节所述器件以影响患者的反流。
一种使用运动限制器件的方法包括以下步骤:通过放置所述器件的第一部分填充胃壁的第一部分中的容积,通过放置所述器件的第二部分来填充胃壁的第二部分中的容积,并从患者身体外部调节该器件以影响患者的反流。
一种治疗患者的反流病的方法包括以下步骤:在患者身体的腹部插入针状或管状仪器,使用所述针状或管状仪器给患者的腹部充气从而扩张腹腔,在患者身体中放置至少两个腹腔镜套管针,通过所述腹腔镜套管针中之一将摄像机插入患者腹部,通过所述至少两个腹腔镜套管针之一插入至少一个剖开工具并剖开患者胃的至少一部分的计划放置的区域,将根据本发明的运动限制器件放置在胃底壁上,将该器件套叠到胃底壁中,缝合胃壁本身以将该器件保持在合适的位置,将胃的胃底缝合到食管的下部,并防止贲门通过横膈膜向上滑入胸部。使用这里所述的方法和器件将提供对胃食管反流病的治疗,该治疗极其有效,并且不会出现诸如组织损伤及不利的非组织向组织的转移等并发症。
该器件的填充体可以适于通过腹腔镜使用的套管针被推动或拉动,其中所述套管针具有比该填充体松弛的直径小的直径。填充体可以包括外壁和中空的由气体填充的内部,这使得所述填充体能够穿过所述套管针。可替换地,所述填充体可以包括外壁和中空的由流体填充的内部,这使得该填充体能够穿过套管针。在后面的情况下,所述流体可以是凝胶。填充体可以进一步包括可以被插入套管针的多个部分,所述多个部分然后可以在患者身体内部被放在一起形成一个单片,从而使所述填充体能够穿过套管针。所述填充体可以包括外壁以及在插入患者身体中之后由流体或凝胶填充的中空的压缩内部。所述填充体可以进一步包括注入口,所述注入口可以用于在插入患者身体之后通过注入口用流体来填充所述填充体。
该器件的填充体可以是弹性的可压缩材料,以允许所述填充体穿过套管针。所述填充体可以由比25肖氏硬度或甚至是比15肖氏硬度更软的材料制成。
所述填充体还可以包括基本上呈球形的外壁。所述填充体还可以包括至少一个适于推动或拉动所述填充体使其穿过腹腔镜使用的套管针的夹持器。所述夹持器可以适于夹持该器件的延长部分,该延长部分适于由外科手术仪器夹持。所述夹持器还可以夹持通过该夹持器插入的线或带。所述夹持器还可以至少部分地被置于所述填充体的外壁内部。该器件的填充体可优选具有大于从胃到肠的出口的尺寸,以避免当所述球形物进入胃的情况下发生并发症肠梗阻。优选地,所述填充体具有在30mm至40mm之间或更大的最小外径。优选地,所述填充体具有在30mm至150mm之间的最小外周长。
已经描述了根据本发明的用于治疗反流病的器件、包括用于治疗反流病的器件的系统以及方法的优选实施方案。本领域技术人员会认识到这些实施方案可以在所附权利要求的范围内有所变化。因此,尽管在具体实施例中描述了不同的特征,但是可以理解,在可以应用时这些不同特征可以组合在不同的构造方案中。例如,尽管结合图4A-B的器件的构造方案配置描述了液压控制,但是所述液压控制也可以应用于图2A-B和图3A-B的器件的构造方案。
重要的是,植入的反流病治疗器件牢固地保持在胃壁中被套叠的位置。为此,所述反流病治疗器件可以具有一个或多个适于接纳用于固定所述套叠的缝线或U形钉的通孔。这种实施方案示于图42中,其中反流病治疗器件10具有一排孔10i,这些孔被设在反流病治疗器件上突出的凸缘状的突起上。在该实施方案中,这排孔沿着所述反流病治疗器件的纵轴延伸。
图43示出了如何使用缝线314以使它们通过胃壁12a并通过孔10i。以此方式,所述反流病治疗器件被固定在由胃壁形成的袋囊中,因此防止其滑动。
尽管在图42中示出多个孔,但是可以理解单独一个孔也足以能够改善反流病治疗器件10的固定。
图44示出了设有入口10h的反流病治疗器件。所述反流病治疗器件被套叠到胃壁中,并且入口10h可以用于连接至从患者的腹部区域引出的管等。
图45示出了被套叠的反流病治疗器件,其中代替入口的固定管10g延伸到患者的腹部区域。
图46是类似于图44的图,但是还示出了胃壁中的连接管10g在入口10h与反流病治疗器件10之间的隧道作用(tunneling)。
已经示出所述反流病治疗器件的形状可以采取很多不同的形式。可以理解,反流病治疗器件的材料也可以改变。优选所述反流病治疗器件具有涂层,诸如聚对二甲苯、聚四氟乙烯(PTEE)或聚氨酯涂层或者这些涂层的组合,即多层涂层。该涂层或多层涂层改善了所述反流病治疗器件的性质,例如其耐磨性。
在一个实施方案中,反流病治疗器件包括可扩张成扩张状态的可充盈器件。在这种情况下,所述可充盈器件设有用于流体的入口,并且适于与胃镜仪器相连。现将参考图47a-47d对此实施方案进行详细的描述。
处于非扩张状态的可充盈的反流病治疗器件示于图47a中。它基本上成气球样,排空器件10具有入口10h。在这种状态下,所述可充盈的器件最多具有几毫米的直径,从而能够通过图47b所示的管状胃镜仪器600将其通过患者的食管插入胃中。该仪器包括外套管600a和可以在长度方向上相对于所述外套管移动的内套管600b。所述内套管在其远端具有刀刃615形式的切割工具。该刀刃可以用于在胃壁中切割孔洞,以下将作出详细解释。
当所述仪器到达胃壁时,参见图47c,将内套管从其在外套管中的位置向前移动,并与胃壁12a相接触。然后,内套管的刀刃615在胃壁上切割一个孔洞,以允许接下来将反流病治疗器件10插入并通过该孔洞,见图47d。为了推动所述反流病治疗器件通过该孔洞,可以在该仪器中设置活塞602。因此,该仪器进一步包括活塞602,该活塞适于将排空的反流病治疗器件10从在内套管中的位置推出到内套管外部的位置,所述排空的反流病治疗器件10在内套管中的位置在图47b中示出,其被推出到内套管外的位置示于图47d中。
为了保护排空的反流病治疗器件10不被内套管的刀刃615损伤,可以在反流病治疗器件周围设置另外的保护套管(未示出)。
现在参考图48a-i描述一种在胃壁12a的外侧套叠所述反流病治疗器件10的管腔内方法。开始时,将仪器600、优选是胃镜仪器插入到患者的嘴中,参见图48a。该仪器包括用于向患者的胃中注入流体或器械的注入器601、602。仪器600进一步包括适于控制该仪器的工作的控制单元606。为此,控制单元606包括一个或多个操纵器,在该图所示的实施方案中是两个操纵杆603和两个控制按钮604的形式。设置显示器605用于显示由设在细长构件607的外端处的摄像机(未示出)提供的图像,参见图48e-i。所述摄像机可以由光源(未示出)辅助。
该仪器进一步被插入患者的食管,并进入患者的胃中,参见图48b。借助于仪器600,在胃12的壁上创建孔洞12b。为此,该仪器在其远端设有一个或多个切割工具615,例如以以上参考图47a-d所述的方式设置。这些切割工具当然可以以不同的方式设计,例如绕所述管状仪器的中心轴旋转的齿状鼓切割工具。仪器600是中空的,从而为处于放气状态的反流病治疗器件10提供空间。
在胃壁上切割孔洞之后,仪器600的远端被插入并通过孔洞12b,使其最后处于胃壁12a的外部。这在图48c和图48d中示出,其中图48c示出胃12的侧视图,图48d是沿图48c中的线Vd-Vd截取的通过图48c的胃的截面图。然后,排空的反流病治疗器件10被插入腹部区域。
仪器600适于在胃12的外侧围绕胃壁中的孔洞12b创建一个“口袋”或“袋囊”。现在将描述提供这种袋囊的仪器和方法。
图48e-i示出了用于通过创建其中放置反流病治疗器件的胃壁12a材料的袋囊在患者的胃壁12a中套叠反流病治疗器件10的一个胃镜或腹腔镜仪器。通常由600表示并且可以包括以上参考图47a-d所述的特征的仪器,包括具有近端和和远端的细长构件607,细长构件607具有小于患者食管的直径,并且是柔性的,从而使得能够引入柔性的细长构件607,其远端首先通过患者咽喉、食管,并进入胃12到达胃壁12a。
胃穿刺器件或切割工具615设置在细长构件607的远端用于刺穿胃壁12a,从而在胃壁12a上创建一孔洞,以使得能够通过该孔洞引入细长构件607。为了不进一步损伤身体内的组织,胃穿刺器件615可以适于是可操作的,以在刺穿胃底壁12a之后撤回所述胃穿刺器件615。该仪器进一步包括设在细长构件607上靠近穿刺器件615一侧的专用夹持器609。
所述细长构件进一步包括可扩张的构件611,可扩张的构件611适于在所述细长构件刺穿胃壁12a之后扩张,从而帮助创建适于容纳反流病器件610的腔或袋囊。可扩张的构件611可以包括环周地围绕柔性细长构件607的远端部分设置的可充盈的圆形气球。
现在将详细描述套叠所述反流病治疗器件时的方法步骤。在器件600插入胃12之后,胃穿刺器件615接触胃壁12a放置,参见图48e。接着,引导胃穿刺器件或切割装置615在胃壁中创建孔洞12b,之后至少引导所述可扩张的构件611通过胃壁中的孔洞12b。在该步骤中,使专用夹持器609处于夹持状态,在该状态下它在径向扩张,以形成基本圆形的抵住胃壁12a的表面,参见48f。以此方式,胃穿刺器件615和可扩张的构件611通过胃壁中的孔12a的插入局限在图48f所示的位置。
然后,可扩张的构件611被扩张。在所述可扩张的构件包括气球等的情况下,空气或其它流体被注入其中。
然后,将细长构件607中包括可扩张的构件611的部分向近端方向撤回,如图48g中的箭头所示,从而将胃壁612拉进由专用夹持器609形成的篮状结构中。
进一步使用缝合或钉合器件608,或作为连接至细长构件607的器件或作为独立的器件。所述缝合或钉合构件包括缝合或钉合端613,其适于用胃-胃缝线或U形钉14闭合腔室或袋囊。
在图48h所示的进一步的步骤中,可充盈的反流病治疗器件10以其排空状态被置于篮状结构中。然后,反流病治疗器件10被充盈到其充盈或扩张状态,参见图48i。反流病治疗器件10的充盈可以通过将流体或凝胶注入排空的反流病治疗器件中来完成。还可以通过注入能够固化的材料来完成,从而形成实心器件10。因此,图48h和图48i所示的反流病治疗器件10可以表现为接下来填充流体或凝胶的气球状器件,或者可替换地,表现为简单地注入到胃壁12a所形成的篮状结构中的材料。
用于填充反流病治疗器件10的流体可以是适于填充可充盈器件10的任意合适的流体,例如盐溶液。在另一个实施方案中,在该流体为适于转化为固态的流体时,所述流体可以是液态的聚氨酯。
为了将泄漏最小化或完全消除,流体是等渗压的,即其与人体的体液具有相等的渗透压。防止扩散的另一种方式是提供包含大分子的流体,例如碘分子。
所述胃-胃缝线或U形钉优选具有呈现出诸如网状结构的结构的固定部分,所述结构适于与胃壁相接触,以促进人体组织的生长,从而保证所述反流病治疗器件长期附着胃壁放置。
当可充盈器件10被部分或完全充盈之后,反流病治疗器件10的入口10b(在图48h和48i中未示出)被密封,并且将器件600从孔洞12b中撤回,接下来以某种合适的方式例如借助于器件600闭合孔洞12b。然后,将所述仪器从胃600中取出,并且处于充盈状态或扩张状态的可充盈器件10在患者的胃壁的外侧被胃壁部分套叠。在以上所述的一个或多个步骤的过程中,胃可以充气,优选借助于胃镜仪器充气。
以上参考图48a-i描述的反流病治疗器件10被描述为可充盈的反流病治疗器件。可以理解,该反流病治疗器件也可以是具有允许压缩的弹性的弹性反流病治疗器件,以便将其插入胃镜仪器,并在离开所述仪器之后扩张到扩张状态。
用于治疗反流病的设备可以具有治疗肥胖症的附加功能。在这种实施方案中,所述反流病治疗器件可以是填充胃的容积从而产生饱胀感的容积填充器件。一个具有这种功能的实施方案示于图49中,其中合并的反流病治疗器件和肥胖症治疗器件310被套叠到胃壁中,当患者处于站立位置时,该器件310接近于患者贲门14并且至少部分位于贲门14之上,并且由诸如缝线或U形钉22之类的固定器固定在贲门区域14c之上的位置。例如,可以设置到横膈膜肌肉或相关联肌肉的直接或间接的固定器。作为一个替代方案,可以提供到食管的在His角之上并接近于His角的直接或间接的固定器。在该替代的实施方案中,合并的器件310在被植入时位于紧靠胃底壁的位置处,并且该器件还填充了贲门区域14c之上在所述贲门与横膈膜肌肉之间的容积,从而防止贲门向上滑入胸腔,从而防止反流病。
这种合并的器件310可以用于容纳电子设备和/或能源和/或液压流体。来自该器件的液压流体可以被分配到若干个较小的可充盈的器件区域中,以不时地改变拉伸区域,从而避免对胃壁造成任何可能的更持久的拉伸效果。甚至可以使用若干个以机械方式拉伸的区域。
反流病治疗器件-拉伸器的合并
在图50所示的一个替代的实施方案中,可充盈的反流病治疗器件310的容积可以与一个或多个优选较小的可充盈器件或腔室10b流体连接。这些腔室适于连通在这些腔室之间移动的流体或空气。
因此,大腔室310因其具有的主容积适于作为用于减小食物腔尺寸并用于治疗反流病的反流病治疗器件,并且所述一个或多个小腔室适于充当治疗肥胖症的可充盈器件的功能,其中所述主腔室适于将流体或空气连通至小腔室,从而产生胃壁的拉伸效果,进而进一步治疗肥胖症。
图51示出了将套叠在胃的中部或下部的容积填充器件与套叠到患者的胃的上部或胃底中的拉伸器合并的一个实施方案。这两个器件用于治疗肥胖症。
容积填充器件399填充胃的容积从而产生饱胀感。所述拉伸器拉伸胃壁。这拉伸了发出产生饱胀感的内源性信号的组织。这模拟了用食物填充胃的拉伸效果。因此,在图51中示出可调整的容积填充器件399,其套叠到患者的胃312的胃壁中。另外,具有先前所描述的功能的可调整的拉伸器350套叠在患者的胃底壁中。优选容积填充器件399明显大于拉伸器350。
容积填充器件399和拉伸器350可以适于治疗反流病。在一个实施方案中,所述容积填充器件和拉伸器被放置为防止贲门14通过疝的缺口18a向上滑到横膈膜18之上的位置。
容积填充器件399和拉伸器350通过其中设有泵354的第一流体管352彼此流体连通。泵354受能量转换器330的控制,能量转换器330适于通过供能线356给泵350供应能量。能量转换器330还连接至设在患者食管中的传感器319,从而可以探测到食物摄入。
反流病治疗器件10和拉伸器350还通过第二流体管358流体连通,第二流体管358优选具有比第一流体管352小的横截面积。
这种配置方案的操作如下。容积填充器件399起到如在上述的实施方案中一样的功能,即其减小患者胃12的食物腔的尺寸。另外,当通过用泵354从容积填充器件10向拉伸器350泵送流体来扩张拉伸器350时,胃底壁被拉伸,从而使患者产生饱胀感。因此,例如当用传感器319探测到食物摄入时,流体自动被泵送到拉伸器350中,以增加饱胀感,从而限制食物摄入。
当流体被注入拉伸器350时,其中的内部压高于反流病治疗器件399中的内部压。该压力差在优选较窄的第二管358中产生从拉伸器350到反流病治疗器件399的流体流。流速可以通过例如压力差和第二管358的截面积来确定。优选所述第二管的尺寸被设置为使得在流体注入拉伸器350以产生饱胀感之后的3个小时后,容积填充器件399和拉伸器350中的压力回复平衡。
在该实施方案中,第二管358的功能是使流体能够从拉伸器350返回到容积填充器件399。可以理解,该功能还可以由第一管352中的泵354来执行,此时第二管358可以省略。
在胃壁内侧放置反流病治病器件的方法
在下文中,将描述在胃壁内侧放置反流病治疗器件的方法和仪器。
图52a-l中描述了一般由630表示的套叠仪器,该套叠仪器包括与以上参考图48a-i所描述的细长构件607类似的细长管构件632。因此,它可以连接至控制单元606,参见图48a。套叠仪器630进一步包括有孔的抽吸部分634,其优选是细长的。抽吸部634呈现出多个小孔636,通过在管构件632中抽吸将空气抽吸进多个小孔636中。这种抽吸效果可用于在一般用12a表示的部分胃壁中产生“口袋”或“袋囊”。
换句话说,当抽吸部分634的头部被压到胃壁12a上时,会在其中形成小的凹陷,参见图52a。当抽吸部634被进一步压到胃壁12a上时,会形成更大的凹陷,参见图52b。胃壁12a中形成凹陷的部分会由于抽吸效果而贴附到套叠仪器630的抽吸部634上。当抽吸部634被进一步按压到胃壁12a上时,会形成较深的凹陷,参见图52c,直到整个抽吸部634嵌入所述凹陷中,参见图18d。
在该阶段,所述凹陷的边缘用固定件638固定,并且所述抽吸部分从仪器中移出,参见图52e。接下来,将压缩的弹性反流病治疗器件10以例如以上参考图47d所述的方式插入所述凹陷中,参见图52f。然后,使压缩的反流病治疗器件扩张成其最终形状,参见图52g,然后通过用固定件缝合或钉合将所述袋囊密封,参见图52h。
以上参考图1-51所描述的所有的替代方案也可以应用于参考图52a-l所描述的实施方案中,即应用于所述反流病治疗器件在胃壁内侧套叠的实施方案。
图53a-c示出了一种用于创建胃壁的套叠的仪器;取决于所述反流病治疗器件是被放置在胃壁内侧还是外侧,所述胃壁的套叠可以置于胃壁外侧也可以置于胃壁内侧。该仪器对进入该仪器的杯体中的胃壁部分应用真空。
已经描述了如何用胃镜仪器将反流病治疗器件10套叠到胃壁中。所述胃镜仪器可以用于将所述反流病治疗器件置于胃壁外侧(如图1A所示),或置于胃的内侧(如图2A中所示)。在后一情况下,该仪器被用于在胃壁上从胃的内侧制造切口。
可以理解,也可以使用腹部手术方法。现在将参考图54-55描述这种方法。在图54中示出了如何通过在患者腹部制造切口380来到达胃。在图55中示出了如何将仪器381插入患者的腹部。只要适于实现此目的,可以选择所述的任何仪器和方法。因此,例如,所述反流病器件可以如图1A所示被放置在胃的外侧,或者图2A所示被放置在胃的内侧。在后一情况下,在胃壁上制造切口。
重要的是,植入的反流病治疗器件被牢固地保持在胃壁中被套叠的位置。为此,所述反流病治疗器件可以设有一个或多个适于接纳用于固定所述套叠的缝线或U形钉的通孔。这种实施方案示于图42中,其中反流病治疗器件10具有一排孔10i,这些孔被设在所述反流病治疗器件上突出的凸缘状的突起上。在该实施方案中,这排孔沿着所述反流病治疗器件的长轴延伸。
图43示出了如何使用缝线314以使它们穿过胃壁12a并穿过孔10i。以此方式,所述反流病治疗器件被固定在由胃壁创建的袋囊中,因此可以防止滑动。
尽管在图42中示出多个孔,但是可以理解,单独一个孔也足以能够改进对反流病治疗器件10的固定。
图44示出了设有入口10h的反流病治疗器件。该反流病治疗器件被套叠到胃壁中,并且入口10h可以用于连接来自患者的腹部区域的管等。
图45示出了一个被套叠的反流病治疗器件,其中代替入口的固定管10g延伸到患者的腹部区域。
图46是类似于图44的图,但是还示出在胃壁中的连接管10g在入口10h与反流病治疗器件10之间的隧道作用。
已经示出所述反流病治疗器件的形状可以采取很多不同的形式。可以理解,反流病治疗器件的材料也可以改变。优选所述反流病治疗器件具有涂层,诸如聚对二甲苯、聚四氟乙烯(PTEE)或聚氨酯涂层或者这些涂层的组合,即多层涂层。该涂层或多层涂层改善了所述反流病治疗器件的性质,例如其耐磨性。
在一个实施方案中,反流病治疗器件包括可扩张成扩张状态的可充盈器件。在这种情况下,所述可充盈器件设有用于流体的入口,并且适于与胃镜仪器相连。现将参考图47a-47d对此实施方案进行详细的描述。
处于非扩张状态的可充盈的反流病治疗器件示于图47a中。它基本上成气球样,排空器件10具有入口10h。在这种状态下,所述可充盈的器件最多具有几毫米的直径,从而能够通过图47b所示的管状胃镜仪器600将其通过患者的食管插入胃中。该仪器包括外套管600a和可以在长度方向上相对于所述外套管移动的内套管600b。所述内套管在其远端具有刀刃615形式的切割工具。该刀刃可以用于在胃壁中切割孔洞,以下将作出详细解释。
当所述仪器到达胃壁时,参见图47c,将内套管从其在外套管中的位置向前移动,并与胃壁12a相接触。然后,内套管的刀刃615在胃壁上切割一个孔洞,以允许接下来将反流病治疗器件10插入并通过该孔洞,见图47d。为了推动所述反流病治疗器件通过该孔洞,可以在该仪器中设置活塞602。因此,该仪器进一步包括活塞602,该活塞适于将排空的反流病治疗器件10从在内套管中的位置推出到内套管外部的位置,所述排空的反流病治疗器件10在内套管中的位置在图47b中示出,其被推出到内套管外的位置示于图47d中。
为了保护排空的反流病治疗器件10不被内套管的刀刃615损伤,可以在反流病治疗器件周围设置另外的保护套管(未示出)。
现在参考图48a-i描述一种在胃壁12a的外侧套叠所述反流病治疗器件10的管腔内方法。开始时,将仪器600、优选是胃镜仪器插入到患者的嘴中,参见图48a。该仪器包括用于向患者的胃中注入流体或器械的注入器601、602。仪器600进一步包括适于控制该仪器的工作的控制单元606。为此,控制单元606包括一个或多个操纵器,在该图所示的实施方案中是两个操纵杆603和两个控制按钮604的形式。设置显示器605用于显示由设在细长构件607的外端处的摄像机(未示出)提供的图像,参见图48e-i。所述摄像机可以由光源(未示出)辅助。
该仪器进一步被插入患者的食管,并进入患者的胃中,参见图48b。借助于仪器600,在胃12的壁上创建孔洞12b。为此,该仪器在其远端设有一个或多个切割工具615,例如以以上参考图47a-d所述的方式设置。这些切割工具当然可以以不同的方式设计,例如绕所述管状仪器的中心轴旋转的齿状鼓切割工具。仪器600是中空的,从而为处于放气状态的反流病治疗器件10提供空间。
在胃壁上切割孔洞之后,仪器600的远端被插入并通过孔洞12b,使其最后处于胃壁12a的外部。这在图48c和图48d中示出,其中图48c示出胃12的侧视图,图48d是沿图48c中的线Vd-Vd截取的通过图48c的胃的截面图。然后,排空的反流病治疗器件10被插入腹部区域。
仪器600适于在胃12的外侧围绕胃壁中的孔洞12b创建一个“口袋”或“袋囊”。现在将描述提供这种袋囊的仪器和方法。
图48e-i示出了用于通过创建其中放置反流病治疗器件的胃壁12a材料的袋囊在患者的胃壁12a中套叠反流病治疗器件10的一个胃镜或腹腔镜仪器。通常由600表示并且可以包括以上参考图47a-d所述的特征的仪器,包括具有近端和和远端的细长构件607,细长构件607具有小于患者食管的直径,并且是柔性的,从而使得能够引入柔性的细长构件607,其远端首先通过患者咽喉、食管,并进入胃12到达胃壁12a。
胃穿刺器件或切割工具615设置在细长构件607的远端用于刺穿胃壁12a,从而在胃壁12a上创建一孔洞,以使得能够通过该孔洞引入细长构件607。为了不进一步损伤身体内的组织,胃穿刺器件615可以适于是可操作的,以在刺穿胃底壁12a之后撤回所述胃穿刺器件615。该仪器进一步包括设在细长构件607上靠近穿刺器件615一侧的专用夹持器609。
所述细长构件进一步包括可扩张的构件611,可扩张的构件611适于在所述细长构件刺穿胃壁12a之后扩张,从而帮助创建适于容纳反流病器件610的腔或袋囊。可扩张的构件611可以包括环周地围绕柔性细长构件607的远端部分设置的可充盈的圆形气球。
现在将详细描述套叠所述反流病治疗器件时的方法步骤。在器件600插入胃12之后,胃穿刺器件615接触胃壁12a放置,参见图48e。接着,引导胃穿刺器件或切割装置615在胃壁中创建孔洞12b,之后至少引导所述可扩张的构件611通过胃壁中的孔洞12b。在该步骤中,使专用夹持器609处于夹持状态,在该状态下它在径向扩张,以形成基本圆形的抵住胃壁12a的表面,参见48f。以此方式,胃穿刺器件615和可扩张的构件611通过胃壁中的孔12a的插入局限在图48f所示的位置。
然后,可扩张的构件611被扩张。在所述可扩张的构件包括气球等的情况下,空气或其它流体被注入其中。
然后,将细长构件607中包括可扩张的构件611的部分向近端方向撤回,如图48g中的箭头所示,从而将胃壁612拉进由专用夹持器609形成的篮状结构中。
进一步使用缝合或钉合器件608,或作为连接至细长构件607的器件或作为独立的器件。所述缝合或钉合构件包括缝合或钉合端613,其适于用胃-胃缝线或U形钉14闭合腔室或袋囊。
在图48h所示的进一步的步骤中,可充盈的反流病治疗器件10以其排空状态被置于篮状结构中。然后,反流病治疗器件10被充盈到其充盈或扩张状态,参见图48i。反流病治疗器件10的充盈可以通过将流体或凝胶注入排空的反流病治疗器件中来完成。还可以通过注入能够固化的材料来完成,从而形成实心器件10。因此,图48h和图48i所示的反流病治疗器件10可以表现为接下来填充流体或凝胶的气球状器件,或者可替换地,表现为简单地注入到胃壁12a所形成的篮状结构中的材料。
用于填充反流病治疗器件10的流体可以是适于填充可充盈器件10的任意合适的流体,例如盐溶液。在另一个实施方案中,在该流体为适于转化为固态的流体时,所述流体可以是液态的聚氨酯。
为了将泄漏最小化或完全消除,流体是等渗压的,即其与人体的体液具有相等的渗透压。防止扩散的另一种方式是提供包含大分子的流体,例如碘分子。
所述胃-胃缝线或U形钉优选具有呈现出诸如网状结构的结构的固定部分,所述结构适于与胃壁相接触,以促进人体组织的生长,从而保证所述反流病治疗器件长期附着胃壁放置。
当可充盈器件10被部分或完全充盈之后,反流病治疗器件10的入口10b(在图48h和48i中未示出)被密封,并且将器件600从孔洞12b中撤回,接下来以某种合适的方式例如借助于器件600闭合孔洞12b。然后,将所述仪器从胃600中取出,并且处于充盈状态或扩张状态的可充盈器件10在患者的胃壁的外侧被胃壁部分套叠。在以上所述的一个或多个步骤的过程中,胃可以充气,优选借助于胃镜仪器充气。
以上参考图48a-i描述的反流病治疗器件10被描述为可充盈的反流病治疗器件。可以理解,该反流病治疗器件也可以是具有允许压缩的弹性的弹性反流病治疗器件,以便将其插入胃镜仪器,并在离开所述仪器之后扩张到扩张状态。
用于治疗反流病的设备可以具有治疗肥胖症的附加功能。在这种实施方案中,所述反流病治疗器件可以是填充胃的容积从而产生饱胀感的容积填充器件。一个具有这种功能的实施方案示于图49中,其中合并的反流病治疗器件和肥胖症治疗器件310被套叠到胃壁中,当患者处于站立位置时,该器件310接近于患者贲门14并且至少部分位于贲门14之上,并且由诸如缝线或U形钉22之类的固定器固定在贲门区域14c之上的位置。例如,可以设置到横膈膜肌肉或相关联肌肉的直接或间接的固定器。作为一个替代方案,可以提供到食管的在His角之上并接近于His角的直接或间接的固定器。在该替代的实施方案中,合并的器件310在被植入时位于紧靠胃底壁的位置处,并且该器件还填充了贲门区域14c之上在所述贲门与横膈膜肌肉之间的容积,从而防止贲门向上滑入胸腔,从而防止反流病。
这种合并的器件310可以用于容纳电子设备和/或能源和/或液压流体。来自该器件的液压流体可以被分配到若干个较小的可充盈的器件区域中,以不时地改变拉伸区域,从而避免对胃壁造成任何可能的更持久的拉伸效果。甚至可以使用若干个以机械方式拉伸的区域。
反流病治疗器件-拉伸器的合并
在图50所示的一个替代的实施方案中,可充盈的反流病治疗器件310的容积可以与一个或多个优选较小的可充盈器件或腔室10b流体连接。这些腔室适于连通在这些腔室之间移动的流体或空气。
因此,大腔室310因其具有的主容积适于作为用于减小食物腔尺寸并用于治疗反流病的反流病治疗器件,并且所述一个或多个小腔室适于充当治疗肥胖症的可充盈器件的功能,其中所述主腔室适于将流体或空气连通至小腔室,从而产生胃壁的拉伸效果,进而进一步治疗肥胖症。
图51示出了将套叠在胃的中部或下部的容积填充器件与套叠到患者的胃的上部或胃底中的拉伸器合并的一个实施方案。这两个器件用于治疗肥胖症。
容积填充器件399填充胃的容积从而产生饱胀感。所述拉伸器拉伸胃壁。这拉伸了发出产生饱胀感的内源性信号的组织。这模拟了用食物填充胃的拉伸效果。因此,在图51中示出可调整的容积填充器件399,其套叠到患者的胃312的胃壁中。另外,具有先前所描述的功能的可调整的拉伸器350套叠在患者的胃底壁中。优选容积填充器件399明显大于拉伸器350。
容积填充器件399和拉伸器350可以适于治疗反流病。在一个实施方案中,所述容积填充器件和拉伸器被放置为防止贲门14通过疝的缺口18a向上滑到横膈膜18之上的位置。
容积填充器件399和拉伸器350通过其中设有泵354的第一流体管352彼此流体连通。泵354受能量转换器330的控制,能量转换器330适于通过供能线356给泵350供应能量。能量转换器330还连接至设在患者食管中的传感器319,从而可以探测到食物摄入。
反流病治疗器件10和拉伸器350还通过第二流体管358流体连通,第二流体管358优选具有比第一流体管352小的横截面积。
这种配置方案的操作如下。容积填充器件399起到如在上述的实施方案中一样的功能,即其减小患者胃12的食物腔的尺寸。另外,当通过用泵354从容积填充器件10向拉伸器350泵送流体来扩张拉伸器350时,胃底壁被拉伸,从而使患者产生饱胀感。因此,例如当用传感器319探测到食物摄入时,流体自动被泵送到拉伸器350中,以增加饱胀感,从而限制食物摄入。
当流体被注入拉伸器350时,其中的内部压高于反流病治疗器件399中的内部压。该压力差在优选较窄的第二管358中产生从拉伸器350到反流病治疗器件399的流体流。流速可以通过例如压力差和第二管358的截面积来确定。优选所述第二管的尺寸被设置为使得在流体注入拉伸器350以产生饱胀感之后的3个小时后,容积填充器件399和拉伸器350中的压力回复平衡。
在该实施方案中,第二管358的功能是使流体能够从拉伸器350返回到容积填充器件399。可以理解,该功能还可以由第一管352中的泵354来执行,此时第二管358可以省略。
在胃壁内侧放置反流病治病器件的方法
在下文中,将描述在胃壁内侧放置反流病治疗器件的方法和仪器。
图52a-l中描述了一般由630表示的套叠仪器,该套叠仪器包括与以上参考图48a-i所描述的细长构件607类似的细长管构件632。因此,它可以连接至控制单元606,参见图48a。套叠仪器630进一步包括有孔的抽吸部分634,其优选是细长的。抽吸部634呈现出多个小孔636,通过在管构件632中抽吸将空气抽吸进多个小孔636中。这种抽吸效果可用于在一般用12a表示的部分胃壁中产生“口袋”或“袋囊”。
换句话说,当抽吸部分634的头部被压到胃壁12a上时,会在其中形成小的凹陷,参见图52a。当抽吸部634被进一步压到胃壁12a上时,会形成更大的凹陷,参见图52b。胃壁12a中形成凹陷的部分会由于抽吸效果而贴附到套叠仪器630的抽吸部634上。当抽吸部634被进一步按压到胃壁12a上时,会形成较深的凹陷,参见图52c,直到整个抽吸部634嵌入所述凹陷中,参见图18d。
在该阶段,所述凹陷的边缘用固定件638固定,并且所述抽吸部分从仪器中移出,参见图52e。接下来,将压缩的弹性反流病治疗器件10以例如以上参考图47d所述的方式插入所述凹陷中,参见图52f。然后,使压缩的反流病治疗器件扩张成其最终形状,参见图52h,然后通过用固定件缝合或钉合将所述袋囊密封,参见图52i。
以上参考图1-51所描述的所有的替代方案也可以应用于参考图52a-l所描述的实施方案中,即应用于所述反流病治疗器件在胃壁内侧套叠的实施方案。
图53a-c示出了一种用于创建胃壁的套叠的仪器;取决于所述反流病治疗器件是被放置在胃壁内侧还是外侧,所述胃壁的套叠可以置于胃壁外侧也可以置于胃壁内侧。该仪器对进入该仪器的杯体中的胃壁部分应用真空。
已经描述了如何用胃镜仪器将反流病治疗器件10套叠到胃壁中。所述胃镜仪器可以用于将所述反流病治疗器件置于胃壁外侧(如图1A所示),或置于胃的内侧(如图2A中所示)。在后一情况下,该仪器被用于在胃壁上从胃的内侧制造切口。
可以理解,也可以使用腹部手术方法。现在将参考图54-55描述这种方法。在图54中示出了如何通过在患者腹部制造切口380来到达胃。在图55中示出了如何将仪器381插入患者的腹部。只要适于实现此目的,可以选择所述的任何仪器和方法。因此,例如,所述反流病器件可以如图1A所示被放置在胃的外侧,或者图2A所示被放置在胃的内侧。在后一情况下,在胃壁上制造切口。
Claims (194)
1.一种用于治疗人类或哺乳动物患者的反流病的设备,所述设备包括可植入的运动限制器件,所述可植入的运动限制器件适于至少部分地被患者胃底壁套叠,并且具有包括生物相容材料的外表面,其中所述运动限制器件的外表面的大部分适于在不伤害胃壁的前提下在患者横膈膜与被套叠的胃底壁下部的至少一部分之间的位置靠在胃壁上,从而当所述运动限制器件被套叠时,限制患者的胃的贲门切迹向患者的横膈膜移动,进而防止贲门穿过患者的横膈膜开口滑入患者的胸部,以维持从患者的腹部施加的抵住患者的贲门括约肌的支撑压力,所述运动限制器件具有至少125mm3的尺寸以及至少15mm的周长。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括可植入的第一固定器,所述第一固定器在植入患者时,将所述运动限制器件保持在限制胃的贲门切迹向患者的横膈膜移动的位置,并且所述运动限制器件的外表面基本上与患者的胃底壁相接触。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件在植入患者时不能从患者身体外部进行调整。
4.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述第一固定器包括组织生长促进结构,以在没有套叠的情况下使所述运动限制器件长期附着于胃壁。
5.根据权利要求4所述的设备,其中所述组织生长促进结构包括网状结构。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备,其中所述组织生长促进结构进一步包括缝线或U形钉,所述缝线或U形钉在植入患者时将所述网状结构附着到所述胃底壁。
7.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述第一固定器包括缝线或U形钉,所述缝线或U形钉在植入患者时,将包围所述运动限制器件的胃底壁的部分附在一起,以将所述运动限制器件保持于所述位置。
8.根据权利要求7所述的设备,其中所述缝线或U形钉在植入患者时将所述胃底壁的部分附在一起,将所述运动限制器件套叠在所述胃底壁中,从而将所述运动限制器件保持在适当的位置。
9.根据权利要求8所述的设备,其中所述缝线或U形钉在与所述运动限制器件一起植入患者时,将所述胃底壁的部分附在一起,以从患者的胃壁内侧套叠所述运动限制器件。
10.根据权利要求8所述的设备,其中所述缝线或U形钉在与所述运动限制器件一起植入患者时,将所述胃底壁的部分附在一起,以从患者的胃壁外侧套叠所述运动限制器件。
11.根据权利要求2所述的设备,进一步包括第二固定器,所述第二固定器在与所述运动限制器件一起植入患者时,将所述运动限制器件间接或直接地固定到食管接近于患者的His角的位置。
12.根据权利要求11所述的设备,其中所述第二固定器由多个缝线或U形钉组成,所述缝线或U形钉在与所述运动限制器件一起植入患者时,将胃底壁与患者的食管壁附在一起,以将所述运动限制器件保持在所述位置。
13.根据权利要求11所述的设备,进一步包括第三固定器,所述第三固定器在与所述运动限制器件一起植入患者时,将所述运动限制器件间接或直接地固定到患者的横膈膜肌肉或相关联的肌肉。
14.根据权利要求13所述的设备,其中所述第三固定器由多个缝线或U形钉组成,所述缝线或U形钉在与所述运动限制器件一起植入患者时,将胃底壁与横膈膜肌肉或相关联的肌肉附在一起,以将所述运动限制器件保持在所述位置。
15.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件包括主体,所述主体适于至少部分地由患者的胃底壁套叠,并且具有包括生物相容材料的外表面,所述主体的外表面的大部分适于在患者的横膈膜与被套叠的胃底壁的下部的部分之间的所述位置靠在胃壁上。
16.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体基本上是卵形。
17.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体基本上是类似具有缩进的中间部分的卵的形状。
18.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体基本上是类似于弯曲的卵的形状。
19.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体基本上是球形。
20.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体具有滚圆的轮廓,而没有会损伤患者胃壁的过于尖锐的边缘。
21.根据权利要求15所述的设备,进一步包括在被植入患者之后适于调节所述主体的尺寸的装置。
22.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体形成包含流体的腔室,当所述主体被植入患者时所述流体的量可控制以调节所述主体的尺寸。
23.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中在被植入患者之后所述主体的尺寸可无创地进行调节。
24.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体适于借助于胃镜或管腔仪器被放置在患者胃壁的内侧。
25.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括可植入的刺激器,所述刺激器在被植入患者时,向贲门肌肉发出刺激脉冲以刺激贲门肌肉,从而进一步闭合贲门以进一步防止反流病。
26.根据权利要求25所述的设备,其中所述刺激器由至少一个导体和至少一个电极构成,所述至少一个电极在被植入患者时接收刺激脉冲并将这些脉冲施加到贲门肌肉,从而刺激贲门肌肉。
27.根据权利要求26所述的设备,其中所述刺激器发射脉冲串形式的刺激脉冲,并且其中所述脉冲串被重复,脉冲串之间具有一时间间隔,所述间隔延长在所述脉冲串中的各个脉冲之间的间隔。
28.根据权利要求25所述的设备,其中所述刺激器由电子电路和能源构成。
29.根据权利要求15所述的设备在,其中可植入主体具有大致光滑的外表面,以靠在胃底壁上。
30.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体可植入患者的胃的内侧。
31.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体适于通过外科手术附着到患者的胃壁上。
32.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体适于被放置在患者的胃的外侧。
33.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体可变为具有比腹腔镜使用的套管针更小的直径的细长形式,由此所述主体在变为所述细长形式时可以通过所述套管针推入或拉出。
34.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体包括形成一由流体填充的腔室的柔性外壁,从而允许所述主体穿过腹腔镜使用的套管针。
35.根据权利要求34所述的设备,其中所述流体包括凝胶。
36.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体是中空的,并且包括适于插入所述中空主体中并进一步适于被放置在一起成为主体内部的一个单片的至少两个独立片,从而允许所述主体穿过腹腔镜使用的套管针。
37.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体包括外壁以及中空的压缩内部,用于在插入患者身体中之后由流体或凝胶填充。
38.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体包括具有注入口的腔室,所述主体的腔室通过所述注入口被填充流体。
39.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体包括弹性的可压缩材料,从而允许所述主体穿过腹腔镜使用的套管针。
40.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体由比25肖氏硬度更软的材料制成。
41.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体由比15肖氏硬度更软的材料制成。
42.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体包括基本上为球形的外壁。
43.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体包括适用于推动或拉动所述主体通过腹腔镜使用的套管针的至少一个夹持器。
44.根据权利要求43所述的设备,其中所述夹持器适于夹持所述器件的延长部分,所述延长部分适于由外科手术仪器夹持。
45.根据权利要求43所述的设备,其中所述夹持器适于夹持通过所述夹持器插入的线或带。
46.根据权利要求43所述的设备,其中所述主体包括外壁,并且所述夹持器至少部分地被置于所述主体的外壁内部。
47.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体具有大于从胃到肠的出口的尺寸。
48.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体具有30mm或更大的最小外径。
49.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体具有40mm或更大的最小外径。
50.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体具有90mm的最小外周长。
51.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体具有70mm的最小外周长。
52.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体具有50mm的最小外周长。
53.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体具有30mm的最小外周长。
54.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体具有110mm的最小外周长。
55.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体具有130mm的最小外周长。
56.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体具有150mm的最小外周长。
57.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括用于调整所述运动限制器件的调整器。
58.根据权利要求57所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件包括主体,所述主体的尺寸以液压方式可调整,并且所述调整器包括液压流体储存器,所述液压流体储存器在被植入患者时连接至所述主体,并且其中所述主体的尺寸通过手动按压所述液压流体储存器以无创的方式调节,以调整供给所述主体的液压流体量,从而调整所述主体的尺寸。
59.根据权利要求58所述的设备,进一步包括液压调节器,所述液压调节器包括至少一个腔室,所述至少一个腔室在被植入患者时与所述主体一起套叠到患者的胃壁中并连接至所述主体,并且其中所述主体中容纳的液压流体的量通过在所述液压储存器与所述至少一个腔室之间分配流体来无创地进行调节。
60.根据权利要求59所述的设备,其中所述至少一个腔室在被植入患者时使用所述储存器中的泵来填充所述液压流体,以拉伸胃底,从而在患者体内产生饱胀感。
61.根据权利要求60所述的设备,其中所述调整器进一步包括反向伺服,并且其中所述储存器中的小体积的流体用较大的力进行压缩,并且所述腔室使用较小的每单位容积的力产生了较大的总体积的移动。
62.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括用于无创地控制所述设备的无线遥控。
63.根据权利要求62所述的设备,其中所述无线遥控包括至少一个外部信号发射器,进一步包括可植入患者的内部信号接收器,以接收所述外部信号发射器发射的信号。
64.根据权利要求62所述的设备,其中所述无线遥控发射至少一个无线控制信号用于控制所述反流病治疗器件。
65.根据权利要求64所述的设备,其中所述无线控制信号包括频率、幅度或相位调制信号或它们的组合。
66.根据权利要求64所述的设备,其中所述无线控制信号包括模拟信号或数字信号,或者模拟信号与数字信号的组合。
67.根据权利要求64所述的设备,其中所述无线控制信号包括电场或磁场,或者组合的电磁场。
68.根据权利要求62所述的设备,其中所述无线遥控发射用于承载所述无线控制信号的载波信号。
69.根据权利要求68所述的设备,其中所述载波信号包括数字信号、模拟信号或数字信号和模拟信号的组合。
70.根据权利要求62所述的设备,其中所述无线遥控发射用于承载所述数字控制信号或模拟控制信号的电磁载波信号。
71.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括用于无创地为所述设备供能的无线能量发射器。
72.根据权利要求71所述的设备,其中所述能量发射器通过至少一个无线能量信号发射能量。
73.根据权利要求72所述的设备,其中所述无线能量信号包括波信号。
74.根据权利要求70所述的设备,其中所述波信号选自由声波信号、超声波信号、电磁波信号、红外线信号、可见光信号、紫外线信号、激光信号、微波信号、无线电波信号、x射线辐射信号和伽马辐射信号组成的组。
75.根据权利要求72所述的设备,其中所述无线能量信号包括电场或磁场,或者组合的电磁场。
76.根据权利要求72所述的设备,其中所述无线能量发射器发射用于承载所述无线能量信号的载波信号。
77.根据权利要求76所述的设备,其中所述载波信号包括数字信号、模拟信号或数字信号和模拟信号的组合。
78.根据权利要求72所述的设备,其中所述无线能量信号包括模拟信号或数字信号,或者模拟信号与数字信号的组合。
79.根据权利要求72所述的设备,进一步包括适于发射用于承载所述能量信号的电磁载波信号的无线遥控。
80.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括用于给所述设备供能的能源。
81.根据权利要求80所述的设备,其中所述能源包括可植入的内部能源。
82.根据权利要求81所述的设备,进一步包括用于以无线模式传送能量的外部能源,其中所述内部能源可由以无线模式传送的能量充能。
83.根据权利要求82所述的设备,进一步包括传感器,用于检测与用于对所述内部能源充能的能量传送相关的功能性参数;和反馈器件,用于从患者身体内部向其外部发送反馈信息,所述反馈信息与所述由传感器检测的功能性参数有关。
84.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括检测参数的传感器。
85.根据权利要求84所述的设备,其中所述参数是功能性参数。
86.根据权利要求85所述的设备,其中所述功能性参数与用于对可植入患者体内的内部能源进行充能的能量传送相关。
87.根据权利要求86所述的设备,进一步包括反馈器件,所述反馈器件在植入患者时从患者身体内部向其外部发送反馈信息,所述反馈信号与所述功能性参数有关。
88.根据权利要求85所述的设备,进一步包括可植入内部控制单元,用于响应于检测所述功能性参数的传感器来控制所述反流病治疗器件。
89.根据权利要求84所述的设备,其中所述参数是患者的生理参数。
90.根据权利要求89所述的设备,其中所述生理参数选自由体温、血压、血流、心跳和呼吸组成的组。
91.根据权利要求89所述的设备,其中用于检测生理参数的传感器是压力传感器。
92.根据权利要求89所述的设备,其中用于检测生理参数的传感器是活动性传感器。
93.根据权利要求89所述的设备,进一步包括可植入的内部控制单元,用于响应于检测所述生理参数的传感器来控制所述反流病治疗器件。
94.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括用于操作所述运动限制器件的操作器。
95.根据权利要求94所述的设备,其中所述操作器包括马达或泵。
96.根据权利要求95所述的设备,其中所述操作器包括电动机。
97.根据权利要求94所述的设备,其中所述操作器由电力驱动。
98.根据权利要求94所述的设备,其中所述操作器包括液压操作器。
99.根据权利要求94所述的设备,其中所述操作器包括气动操作器。
100.根据权利要求94所述的设备,进一步包括用于传输无线能量的能量传输器,其中在所述能量传输器发射所述无线能量时,所述无线能量被用于直接驱动所述操作器,以产生用于操作所述反流病治疗器件的动能。
101.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体形成第一腔室,进一步包括形成比所述第一腔室小的第二腔室的至少一个附加体,所述第一腔室和所述第二腔室彼此相接触。
102.根据权利要求101所述的设备,其中所述第一腔室和所述第二腔室彼此流体连通。
103.根据权利要求58所述的设备,其中所述液压储存器适于放置在患者的皮下。
104.根据权利要求58所述的设备,其中所述液压储存器适于放置在患者的腹内。
105.根据权利要求58所述的设备,其中所述液压储存器具有限定其容积的壁,并且所述液压储存器的容积通过移动所述液压储存器的壁的壁部分来调节。
106.根据权利要求105所述的设备,进一步包括用于移动所述壁部分的马达。
107.根据权利要求59所述的设备,其中所述液压调节器包括泵,并且所述液压储存器通过所述泵在所述液压储存器与所述至少一个腔室之间泵送流体来调节。
108.根据权利要求59所述的设备,进一步包括机械器件,所述机械器件可操作地连接至所述液压调节器,以在操作所述液压调节器时移动所述机械器件。
109.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件以机械方式被调节。
110.根据权利要求109所述的设备,进一步包括用于以机械方式调节所述运动限制器件的马达。
111.根据权利要求15所述的设备,进一步包括第二主体,所述第二主体在与所述主体一起植入患者时分别填充位于患者的胃的两个不同部分处的两个容积,从而影响患者的反流。
112.根据权利要求111所述的设备,其中所述反流病治疗器件适于在手术后无创地进行调节,并且适于不时地进行调节,以在第一时间,所述填充体之一填充胃的所述部分之一处的容积,并且在第二时间,所述填充体中的另一个填充胃的另一部分处的容积。
113.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括刺激器,用于使用刺激脉冲刺激贲门肌肉以引起贲门的收缩,从而抵抗反流。
114.根据权利要求113所述的设备,其中所述刺激器包括至少一个导体和适于接收所述刺激脉冲的至少一个电极。
115.根据权利要求114所述的设备,其中所述刺激器包括电子电路和能源。
116.根据权利要求115所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件适于合并所述电子电路和能源。
117.根据权利要求113所述的设备,其中所述刺激器产生脉冲串形式的刺激脉冲,并且连续脉冲串之间的时间间隔长于每个脉冲串中连续脉冲之间的时间间隔。
118.根据权利要求113所述的设备,进一步包括至少一个传感器,用于检测患者的生理参数或所述反流病治疗器件的功能性参数。
119.根据权利要求113所述的设备,进一步包括可植入的内部控制单元,用于控制所述刺激器。
120.根据权利要求119所述的设备,进一步包括传感器,其中所述内部控制单元响应于来自所述传感器的信号来控制所述刺激器。
121.根据权利要求120所述的设备,其中所述传感器检测食管的收缩波或与食物摄入相关的参数,并且所述内部控制单元控制所述刺激器,以响应于检测所述收缩波或所述参数的传感器而停止刺激所述贲门肌肉。
122.根据权利要求113所述的设备,其中所述刺激器由患者控制。
123.根据权利要求57所述的设备,进一步包括外部数据通信器和与所述外部数据通信器通信的可植入的内部数据通信器,其中所述内部通信器适于向所述外部数据通信器反馈与用于治疗反流病的器件或患者有关的数据,或者所述外部数据通信器向所述内部数据通信器发送数据。
124.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括用于发射能量的能量传输器和用于将无线能量从第一形式转换为第二形式的能量的能量转换器。
125.根据权利要求124所述的设备,其中所述能量转换器在将所述能量传输器发射的第一形式的能量转换为第二形式的能量时,使用所述第二形式的能量直接给所述设备供能。
126.根据权利要求124所述的设备,其中所述第二形式的能量包括直流或脉动直流,或者直流和脉动直流的组合。
127.根据权利要求124所述的设备,其中所述第二形式的能量包括交流或交流与直流的组合。
128.根据权利要求124所述的设备,进一步包括可植入的储能器,其中所述第二形式的能量至少部分地用于给所述储能器充能。
129.根据权利要求124所述的设备,其中所述第一形式的能量或所述第二形式的能量包括磁能、动能、声能、化学能、辐射能、电磁能、光能、核能或热能。
130.根据权利要求124所述的设备,其中所述第一形式的能量和所述第二形式的能量之一是非磁能、非动能、非化学能、非声能、非核能或非热能。
131.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括可植入的电子组件,所述可植入的电子组件包括至少一个电压电平保护器。
132.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括可植入的电子组件,所述可植入的电子组件包括至少一个恒流保护器。
133.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括至少一个可调整的拉伸器,所述拉伸器在被植入患者时拉伸患者的胃壁的一部分,从而通过影响患者的食欲来治疗肥胖症。
134.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件包括拉伸器,所述拉伸器在被植入患者时拉伸患者的胃壁的一部分,从而通过影响患者的食欲来治疗肥胖症。
135.根据权利要求134所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件包括具有腔室的主体,并且进一步包括与所述主体腔室流体接触的第二腔室。
136.根据权利要求135所述的设备,其中所述第二腔室比所述主体小。
137.根据权利要求135所述的设备,其中所述主体和所述第二腔室在被植入患者时彼此连通,因此流体或空气在所述主体与所述第二腔室之间移动。
138.根据权利要求135所述的设备,其中所述主体的腔室是主腔室,并且所述第二腔室在被植入患者时充当拉伸器的功能以治疗肥胖症,所述主腔室和所述第二腔室在被植入患者时彼此连通,因此流体或空气在所述主腔室与所述第二腔室之间移动,从而引起患者的胃底壁的拉伸效果以治疗肥胖症。
139.根据权利要求134所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件包括主体,所述主体在被植入患者时尺寸可调节并且套叠到患者的胃底壁中,因此所述主体在尺寸增加时拉伸患者的胃底壁,从而在患者体内产生饱胀感。
140.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括至少两个可植入且可调整的拉伸器,所述拉伸器在被植入患者时拉伸患者的胃壁的不同部分,从而通过影响患者的食欲来治疗肥胖症。
141.根据权利要求140所述的设备,其中所述两个拉伸器在被植入患者时从患者身体外部进行调节,因此所述拉伸器中的第一拉伸器在第一时间被调节为拉伸患者胃壁的第一部分,所述拉伸器中的第二拉伸器在第二时间被调节为拉伸患者胃壁的第二部分。
142.根据权利要求133所述的设备,其中所述拉伸器以液压方式调节,进一步包括连接至以液压方式调节的拉伸器的液压储存器,因此所述以液压方式调节的拉伸器在被植入患者时通过手动按压所述液压储存器无创地进行调节。
143.根据权利要求142所述的设备,其中所述液压储存器在被植入患者时被植入皮下。
144.根据权利要求142所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件包括可充盈的主体,进一步包括泵和与所述主体流体接触的腔室,并且其中所述泵在被植入患者时通过从所述主体向所述腔室泵送流体或空气来调节所述液压储存器。
145.根据权利要求133所述的设备,进一步包括无线遥控,其中所述拉伸器在被植入患者时通过所述无线遥控无创地进行调节。
146.根据权利要求133所述的设备,进一步包括能源,所述能源在被植入患者时给所述可调整的拉伸器供能。
147.根据权利要求146所述的设备,其中所述能源包括可植入患者体内的内部能源。
148.根据权利要求146所述的设备,其中所述能源包括发射无线能量的外部能源。
149.根据权利要求148所述的设备,进一步包括可植入患者体内的内部能源,所述内部能源在被植入患者时可用所述外部能源发射的无线能量充能。
150.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括第一可植入固定器、第二可植入固定器和第三可植入固定器,所述第一可植入固定器在被植入患者时将所述运动限制器件固定在所述位置,并且所述运动限制器件的外表面基本上与患者的胃底壁接触,所述第二可植入固定器在被植入患者时将所述运动限制器件固定到食管,所述第三可植入固定器在被植入患者时将所述运动限制器件固定到患者的横膈膜肌肉或相关联的肌肉。
151.根据权利要求150所述的设备,其中所述固定器中的每一个由多个缝线或U形钉构成。
152.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括用于手动且无创地控制所述设备的开关。
153.根据权利要求152所述的设备,其中所述开关可植入患者皮下。
154.根据权利要求152所述的设备,其中所述开关是电开关。
155.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中随着与贯穿所述主体的轴垂直的平面沿所述轴移动,所述主体在一个所述平面上具有最大周长,并且当比较沿所述轴移动的两个连续相接的平面时,当从所述最大周长开始向远离所述最大周长的一个或两个方向上移动时,所述周长随所述平面沿所述轴的移动减小或者保持不变。
156.根据权利要求15所述的设备,其中所述主体在垂直于贯穿所述主体的至少一个轴的平面上具有周长,并且当比较沿具有两个端点的所述轴移动的这样两个连续相接的平面时,随着所述平面沿所述轴移动,与两个端点之间的最小周长相比,所述周长增加至少两倍或减小至少两倍,或者在端点处具有更大的周长。
157.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件适于基本上被患者的胃底壁套叠。
158.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括固定器,所述固定器在所述运动限制器件被植入时适于将所述运动限制器件连到胃底壁上,以将所述运动限制器件保持在所述位置。
159.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件是可充盈的,并且适于充入凝胶或流体。
160.根据权利要求159所述的设备,进一步包括用于接纳流体以充盈所述运动限制器件的流体或凝胶接纳构件。
161.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件包括均质材料。
162.根据权利要求161所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件包括实心体。
163.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件包括形成腔室的包围壁。
164.根据权利要求159至163中任一项所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件具有刚性的外壁。
165.根据权利要求159至163中任一项所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件具有弹性外壁。
166.根据权利要求159至163中任一项所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件具有柔性外壁。
167.根据权利要求164所述的设备,其中所述刚性外壁硬到足以在承受胃的运动所产生的力时保持不变形。
168.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件适于穿过腹腔镜套管针或胃镜套管针或仪器。
169.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件能够改变形状以便穿过腹腔镜套管针或胃镜套管针或仪器。
170.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件具有滚圆的形状而没有过于尖锐的边缘,使得所述运动限制器件被植入时不会损伤胃壁。
171.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件适于被放置在患者胃壁的外侧,使得胃腔被显著减小一个显著超出所述运动限制器件的体积的容积。
172.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件的体积可无创地调整。
173.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件适于被患者的胃底壁完全套叠。
174.根据权利要求1或157或173所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件适于被套叠,所述运动限制器件被放置在胃底壁的内侧。
175.根据权利要求1或157或173所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件适于被套叠,所述运动限制器件被放置在胃底壁的外侧。
176.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括注入口,所述注入口适于连接至所述运动限制器件的可充盈腔室,以调整所述可充盈腔室的体积。
177.根据权利要求1所述的设备,进一步包括用于在植入所述运动限制器件的过程中夹持所述运动限制器件的夹持器。
178.根据权利要求2所述的设备,进一步包括用于在植入所述运动限制器件的过程中固定所述运动限制器件的第二固定器。
179.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件的至少一部分由可被胃酸破坏的材料制成。
180.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述运动限制器件的至少一部分由不会被胃酸破坏的材料制成。
181.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述主体在垂直于贯穿所述主体的轴的平面上具有周长,并且
其中当沿所述轴从所述轴的第一端点向具有最大值的中间点移动时,所述周长稳定地增大或保持恒定,并且
当从所述中间点向所述轴的第二端点移动时,所述周长稳定地减小或保持恒定。
182.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述主体在垂直于贯穿所述主体的轴的平面上具有周长,其中
当在沿所述轴从所述轴的第一端点向具有第一最大值的第一中间点移动时,所述周长稳定地增大或保持恒定,
当从所述第一中间点向具有第一最小值的第二中间点移动时,所述周长稳定地减小或保持恒定,
当沿所述轴从所述轴的第二中间点向具有第二最大值的第三中间点移动时,所述周长稳定地增大或保持恒定,并且
在从所述第三中间点向所述轴的第二端点移动时,所述周长稳定地减小或保持恒定。
183.根据权利要求57所述的设备,其中所述调整器是注射器类型的器件,包括用于注入所述运动限制器件的可注入的填充流体。
184.根据权利要求183所述的设备,其中所述填充流体能够经历固化过程从而形成半固态或固态的可变形材料。
185.根据权利要求184所述的设备,其中所述固化过程由从环境温度到身体温度的温度升高而触发。
186.根据权利要求185所述的设备,其中所述填充流体是可热固化的聚硅氧烷。
187.一种外科手术套件,包括根据权利要求1至182中任一项所述的用于治疗反流病的设备以及注射器型的注入器件,所述注入器件包括用于注入被植入的填充体中的可注入的填充流体。
188.根据权利要求187所述的外科手术套件,其中所述填充流体能够经历固化过程从而形成半固态或固态的可变形材料。
189.根据权利要求188所述的外科手术套件,其中所述固化过程由从环境温度到身体温度的温度升高而触发。
190.根据权利要求189所述的外科手术套件,其中所述填充流体是可热固化的聚硅氧烷。
191.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中随着与贯穿所述主体的轴垂直的平面沿所述轴移动,所述容积填充器件在一个所述平面上具有最大周长,并且当比较沿所述轴移动的两个连续相接的平面时,当从所述最大周长开始向远离所述最大周长的一个或两个方向移动时,所述周长随所述平面沿所述轴的移动而减小或保持不变。
192.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述容积填充器件在垂直于贯穿所述主体的轴的平面上具有周长,并且其中当沿所述轴从所述轴的第一端点向具有最大值的中间点移动时,所述周长稳定地增大或保持不变,并且
当从所述中间点向所述轴的第二端点移动时,所述周长稳定地减小或保持恒定。
193.根据权利要求1所述的用于治疗反流病的设备,其中随着与贯穿所述主体的至少一个轴垂直的平面沿所述轴运动,所述容积填充器件在所述平面上具有周长,并且当比较沿具有两个端点的所述轴移动的这样两个连续相接的平面时,与两个端点之间的最小周长相比,所述周长增加至少两倍或减小至少两倍,或者在端点处具有更大的周长。
194.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述容积填充器件在垂直于贯穿所述主体的轴的平面上具有周长,并且其中当沿所述轴从所述轴的第一端点向具有第一最大值的第一中间点移动时,所述周长稳定地增大或保持恒定;当从所述第一中间点向具有第一最小值的第二中间点移动时,所述周长稳定地减小或保持恒定;当沿所述轴从所述轴的第二中间点向具有第二最大值的第三中间点移动时,所述周长稳定地增大或保持恒定;并且当从所述第三中间点向所述轴的第二端点移动时,所述周长稳定地减小或保持恒定。
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