CN104068954B - 用于治疗背部的矫形装置 - Google Patents

用于治疗背部的矫形装置 Download PDF

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CN104068954B
CN104068954B CN201410283496.8A CN201410283496A CN104068954B CN 104068954 B CN104068954 B CN 104068954B CN 201410283496 A CN201410283496 A CN 201410283496A CN 104068954 B CN104068954 B CN 104068954B
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阿尼·托尔·英吉慕达森
布里斯·罗伯特森
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F5/00Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/01Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces
    • A61F5/02Orthopaedic corsets
    • A61F5/028Braces for providing support to the lower back, e.g. lumbo sacral supports
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0004Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof adjustable
    • A61F2250/001Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof adjustable for adjusting a diameter

Abstract

在一实施例中,呈腰部支撑件形式的矫形装置包括第一和第二细长带部件(12、14)、在解剖学上经定形的板(22)以及闭合系统(23),所述闭合系统(23)将所述带部件(12、14)连接到所述板(22)。所述闭合系统(23)经布置以相对于所述板(22)移动所述带部件(12、14),且经由柔性带附件(18、20)连接到所述带部件(12、14),所述带附件(18、20)以可移除方式紧固到所述带部件(12、14)。所述闭合系统(23)包括对应于所述带部件(12、14)的张紧元件(32、34)以及连接到所述张紧元件(32、34)的滑轮系统(24、26)。所述闭合系统(23)以可滑动方式安装到所述板(22),且经布置以在相对的线性方向(A、B)之间相对于所述板(22)移动所述带部件(12、14)。所述板(22)具有各种轮廓(78、80),所述轮廓(78、80)在背部的腰部区上提供压力分布。在解剖学上经定形且弹性形成的把手(300)紧固到所述张紧元件(32、34)和所述带部件(12、14)。

Description

用于治疗背部的矫形装置
本申请为申请日为:2010年02月26日、申请号为:201080009576.4、发明名称为:用于治疗背部的矫形装置的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明针对于用于治疗下背部的矫形装置。所述装置的实施例经例示为用于在腰骶矫形器的特定配置中进行腰部矫形管理。
背景技术
很多人常常经历慢性下背部疼痛。下背部疼痛通常通过休息、止痛剂、消炎药、物理治疗法以及腰部支撑件形式的矫形装置或矫形器来处理。可使用各种类型的腰部支撑件,包括骶骨间(SIO)、腰骶(LSO)和胸腰骶(TLSO)矫形器。
使用腰部支撑件的典型指征包括椎管狭窄、椎间盘突出、术后稳定、稳定且非移位的脊椎骨折、脊椎滑脱、椎骨脱离和衰退性脊椎病变。
这些腰部支撑件所采用的一种作用机制包括通过抵抗弯曲、延伸、骨盆倾斜、脊椎旋转和侧向弯曲来固定下背部。另一机制是骨盆稳定,其中腰部支撑件维持骨盆相对于脊椎恰当对准,且减少腰骶区中的疼痛。又一机制是液体静升力,其在轻轻压缩腹腔且增大腹内压力时发生。在再一机制中,腰部支撑件引入脊柱前凸支撑件或维持腰部支撑件以便提供正确的腰部脊柱前凸以实现疼痛缓解、脊椎稳定和姿势改善。
手部患有关节炎的患者往往无法灵活地收紧和调整腰部支撑件以及其它类型的矫形装置。已使用各种形式的闭合系统(例如,钩环、带扣和系带)来促进闭合这些支撑件且将其保持于佩戴者身上。然而,这些已知形式的闭合系统中有许多无法让人足够容易地调整腰部支撑件,这导致无法在佩戴者的背部上施加足够压缩。
已提议了一些闭合系统,其包括通过一系列导引元件(例如,滑轮、柱、环或眼孔)牵拉张紧元件(例如,条带、缆线或软绳)以便形成机械优势。但,这些已知系统中有许多遭受在调整张紧元件时在导引元件上产生摩擦力的缺陷。另一缺点是在许多已知腰部支撑件中,在佩戴者的单侧上提供单个张紧元件或两个张紧元件,这又导致在调整张紧元件时腰部支撑件在佩戴者躯体上旋转。此旋转可引起佩戴者在佩戴者腰部区的最佳区域外部施加压力的风险。
已知腰部支撑件所具有的另一缺陷是因为人体体型不一,所以诊所必须保存许多不同尺码的支撑件。即使备有恰当尺码的支撑件,佩戴者的解剖学形状和体型也可能在佩戴所述装置的同时随治疗过程而改变。一些腰部支撑件包括尺寸通用的板,往往不太适合患者。这样的话,因为在佩戴者的脊椎区和椎旁肌肉组织上施加的压力不一致或不适当,所以会造成支撑不充分和不适。美国专利申请案公开号2007/0179417A1、2005/0059917A1以及2005/0054960A1分别揭露腰部支撑件,然而这些专利都没有揭露其中带部件经由柔性带附件而可移除地被固定至一闭合系统以便容许带部件长度减小而不会阻碍闭合系统的腰部支撑件,以及揭露一种闭合系统,其以可滑动和线性的方式经由位在一板的区域中的狭槽而备安装至一板,其对应于穿戴者的椎旁肌肉组织以提供均匀压力分布于穿戴者的背部上。
鉴于已知腰部支撑件的缺点,需要一种矫形装置,其使用简单但能够抵靠着佩戴者施加压缩以有效地治疗和稳定下背部和其它疲软组织,尺码可定制,且提供能够服务各种各样的解剖学轮廓和治疗等级的充足解剖学支持。
发明内容
在本发明的矫形装置的实施例中,所述矫形装置为腰骶矫形器或腰部支撑件。矫形装置包括板、具有第一和第二端部分的第一细长带部件以及将第一带部件耦合到板的闭合系统。闭合系统以可滑动方式安装到板且经布置以在第一与第二线性方向之间相对于板移动第一带部件。第一带附件紧固到闭合系统且柔性地从其延伸。第一带附件以可移除方式紧固到第一带部件的第二端部分。
在优选实施例中,闭合系统包括滑轮系统和第一细长张紧元件,所述第一张紧元件具有连接到滑轮系统的第二端。滑轮系统优选地具有四比一的比率,但也可以此优选比率的变型来提供。滑轮系统包括第一滑轮连接器,其包括以可滑动方式啮合由板形成的细长狭槽的插销。第一张紧元件经布置以相对于板移动第一带部件,且张紧元件的第一端可以可调整方式紧固到第一带部件。张紧元件可为缆线、软绳、条带或其它合适元件,其用以允许使用者经由闭合系统在背部的腰部区上施加张力和压力。
闭合系统可包括剂量计,其具有代表闭合系统的收紧设定的指示特征。
在示范性实施例中,矫形装置还包括第二带部件,其具有第一和第二端部分。第二带部件的第二端部分经由闭合系统连接到第一带部件的第二端部分。闭合系统包括对应于第一和第二带部件的第一和第二张紧元件,且所述第一和第二张紧元件经布置以分别朝向第一和第二带部件的第一端部分延伸。第一和第二带部件的第一端部分经布置为以可移除方式紧固到彼此。在此变型中,闭合系统包含滑轮系统,其包括安装于板上的第一和第二滑轮连接器以便在第一和第二线性方向上滑动。第一和第二张紧元件各自紧固到第一和第二滑轮连接器。
闭合系统优选地在板上延伸以便向板自身上施加压力,进而在矫形装置收紧在佩戴者的腰部区上时在佩戴者的腰部区上均匀地分布压力。滑轮系统产生机械优势,且有利地采用四比一的比率以便减少张紧元件的行程。滑轮系统内部的轴承减少摩擦力且促进远离闭合系统牵拽张紧元件。此外,在采用两个带部件的情况下,矫形装置使用第一和第二张紧元件,其对应于第一和第二带部件且在相反方向上延伸。通过平衡用以在腰部区上收紧所述装置所需要的负荷,装置消除旋转且减少每一张紧元件所需要的负荷。通过这些特征的组合,矫形装置可不费力气地用以施加腹内压力以便对脊椎进行减负和固定且提供有效的疼痛缓解。
第一把手紧固到第一张紧元件的第一端,且可以可调整方式紧固到第一带部件。第一把手具有第一端部分和第二端部分,所述第二端部分比所述第一端部分更刚性。第一张紧元件啮合把手的第二端部分。
在把手的示范性实施例中,所述把手具有第一把手部分,其界定预定解剖学形状且由至少一种弹性材料形成。把手具有第二把手部分,其比第一部分更刚性。优选地,第一和第二把手部分一体式紧固到彼此,且由聚合材料组成。第一把手部分优选地经配置以在佩戴者的形体上弯曲且在处于未使用或未弯曲配置中时返回到预定解剖学形状。可在把手上在内表面或面向带部件的表面上提供钩材料。优选地,第一带部件的外表面的大致全部由可接纳钩的材料形成,以便允许把手紧固在第一带部件的任何部分上。
归因于第一把手部分的柔性和弹性,把手允许容易地由佩戴者调整。把手轮廓的设计符合解剖学,以使得其可在佩戴在佩戴者身上时完全紧固到带部件,而不会突出或对佩戴者造成不适。第二把手部分为更刚性的,这使得把手更耐用以在从闭合系统牵拽张紧元件时经受住负荷。
在优选实施例中,带部件具有第一预定长度,且其长度可从第二端部分减小。第一带部件具有多个间隔区段,所述间隔区段经布置以用工具切断以便减小带的长度。这些间隔区段可从具有较厚和较薄部分的热成形区界定,其中每一较厚部分界定预定定尺码尺寸,且其中所述较薄部分优选地为沿其对所述区段进行切断或切割以便减小带部件的长度的位置。
第一带部件具有外表面,使得不管减小的带部件的长度如何,新的端部分经布置为以可移除方式啮合第一带附件。外表面可由能够紧固到可提供于带附件上的钩材料的环材料形成。为了促进减小带部件的尺码,带部件界定多个厚度减小的区段,其按对应于带部件的不同预定长度的预定顺序布置。
第一带部件的外表面大致全部可由可接纳钩的材料形成,第一带部件的在与所述内表面相对的侧面上且朝向佩戴者指向的内表面大致全部可由通气三维织物形成。
根据带部件的这些特征,带部件可通用地定尺码,因此通过减小带部件的特定长度来适应多种腰围。取决于佩戴者的体型,临床医生可修改带部件的长度以便配合个别佩戴者,且随治疗周期,容易根据佩戴者的体型变化来对带进行重新定尺码。
所述板可为柔性的且在解剖学上经定形以对应于人体背部的腰部区。具体地说,所述板经布置以通过具有大体上远离人体背部的脊椎区突出的向外指向的弯曲来缓解脊椎区上的压力。所述板还经配置以通过具有在人体背部的椎旁肌肉组织上延伸的向内指向的轮廓来在椎旁肌肉组织上施加均匀压力。板经配置有狭槽以适应闭合系统,使得狭槽至少大致位于佩戴者的脊椎区之外的椎旁肌肉组织上。
鉴于板的柔性和形状以及闭合系统安装于板上的位置,优选地仅在椎旁肌肉组织上施加压力,进而提供矫形装置在佩戴者的腰部区上的轻轻接触。因而,在佩戴者的腰部区上避免压力尖峰,而仍提供对佩戴者的下背部的有效固定。
刚性面板可以枢转方式连接到板,这允许髋部生长且进一步帮助自动适应各种形体。在面板为后部面板的情况下,后部面板界定大体上远离脊椎区突出的向外指向的弯曲。后部面板通过具有在人体背部的椎旁肌肉组织上延伸的向内指向的轮廓来在椎旁肌肉组织上施加均匀压力。刚性面板也可经布置以用于前部应用,借此所述面板适于支撑佩戴者的腹部区域且紧固到带部件的第一端部分中的至少一者。
刚性面板可紧固到矫形装置的内表面,优选地沿着板的内表面。在变型中,所述板由纺织盖子覆盖,所述盖子由透气材料构成。刚性面板在附接点处连接到纺织盖子,使得其以枢转方式连接到板,进而经布置以适应佩戴者的髋部移动,同时维持对佩戴者的腰部区的支撑。
板和刚性面板两者均可为可热成形的且可修整的,以适应大多数体型。其优选地用衬垫材料包围且界定通风开口。板和刚性面板经定形以配合佩戴者的形体,且在解剖学上经轮廓设计以较好地固定脊椎且使患者舒适度达到最大。板和刚性面板的特定轮廓防止手术位置上的压力且在椎旁肌肉组织上提供压力。
附图说明
参看附图描述本发明的矫形装置,附图展示根据本文中所描述的装置的优选实施例。将注意到,仅借助于实例来说明附图中所揭示的装置。下文中所描述以及附图中所说明的各种元件和元件组合可以不同方式布置和组织,得出的实施例仍属于本文中所描述的装置的精神和范围。
图1为根据本发明的矫形装置的第一实施例的前视平面图。
图2为展示图1的实施例的后视平面图。
图3为展示根据图1的实施例的背板和闭合系统的变型的实施例的示意性平面图。
图4A为展示背板的实施例的侧面正视图。
图4B为展示图4A的背板的实施例的俯视图。
图4C为展示在佩戴者的下背部上的装置的实施例的透视图,其为压力映射的示意性表示。
图4D为展示来自图4D的压力映射栅格的示意图。
图5为展示图1的装置中的或供与图1的装置一起使用的板或刚性面板的实施例的平面图。
图6为展示图1的装置中的或供与图1的装置一起使用的板或刚性面板的另一变型的平面图。
图7为展示图1的装置中的或供与图1的装置一起使用的板或刚性面板的另一变型的平面图。
图8为矫形装置的条带盖子的另一实施例的透视示意图。
图9为矫形装置的另一实施例的前视图。
图10为图1的矫形装置的后视图。
图11为供在图9的矫形装置中使用的把手的实施例的俯视平面图。
图12为图11中的把手的后视图。
图13为图11中的把手的侧视图。
图14为图11中的把手的前视图。
图15为图11中的把手的后视图。
具体实施方式
A.概述
结合附图阅读以下描述,可更好地理解本发明的不同实施例,在附图中相同参考符号指代相同元件。
尽管本发明可具有各种修改和替代构造,但在图式中展示以及在下文中详细描述某些说明性实施例。然而,应理解,不希望将本发明限于所揭示的具体实施例,相反,本发明将涵盖属于本发明的精神和范围内的所有修改、替代构造、组合和等效物。
将理解,除非在本专利中明确地将术语定义为拥有所描述的意思,否则不希望将所述术语的意思明确地或间接地限于超出其普通或常见意思。
B.矫形装置和与其一起使用的组件的各种实施例
观测图1所示的矫形装置的第一实施例,所述矫形装置呈腰骶支撑件10的形式,所述腰骶支撑件10具有第一和第二细长带部件12、14,其各自包括第一和第二端部分12A、14A;12B、14B。带部件12、14可在其第一端部分12A、14A处紧固到彼此。带部件12、14在其第二端部分12B、14B处以可滑动方式连接到背板22,且经由闭合系统23耦合到彼此。闭合系统23经布置以相对于背板22移动第一和第二带部件12、14。盖子16紧固到背板22并隐藏闭合系统23,且可以可调整方式紧固到带部件12、14。
转向图1和图2,带部件12、14各自界定附接部分13、15,所述附接部分13、15位于其第一端部分12A、14A处。带部件12、14的前表面(如在图1的定向上所示)大体上界定为钩接纳或环材料。带部件14中的一者的后表面(如在图2的定向上所示)具有钩型材料区段50,其可紧固在带部件12、14中的任一者的前表面上方。此附接布置准许容易地围绕佩戴者的腰部调整带部件。
根据图1所示的实施例,附接部分13、15各自界定对应的几何形状。举例来说,所说明的附接部分具有椭圆形形状,加之针对佩戴者的维度恰当设计带部件的尺码,所以容易对准,因为佩戴者可使对应形状彼此配对。此布置允许佩戴者在重复使用时能将带部件对准于同一位置处。接着,在恰当对准带部件后,佩戴者仅通过将臂部和张紧元件牵拉到不同位置便可调整支撑件的张力;带部件的调整保持恒定,且将使临床医生较容易地仅仅协调臂部的设定,无需再协调带部件相对于彼此的设定。
带部件可由可拉伸或不可拉伸材料形成。此外,带部件可具有加垫核心,其中衬垫增大和减小的局部区域是根据佩戴者上的放置位置。带部件可具有标色区段,如在附接部分13、15中,所述标色区段经提供以向佩戴者指示带部件应紧固到彼此的特定位置。
至少部分为了使施加于佩戴者身上的不适压力减到最小,带部件界定围绕附接部分13、15的加垫区域17。这些加垫区域可根据美国专利5,334,135、5,695,452和5,823,981中所描述的热成形原理来形成,所述美国专利以引用的方式并入本文中。另外,带部件12、14抵靠着佩戴者沿带部件的边缘包括提供压力缓解的加垫边饰19。可沿装置在佩戴者或临床医生认为必要的任何地方提供额外衬垫。
带部件12、14界定薄化区段阵列42,其在第二端部分12B、14B处开始且朝向第一端部分12A、14A延伸。在这些薄化区段42之间的是加垫区域40,其具有比薄化区段42大的厚度。薄化区段42优选地可修整以减小带部件12、14的长度。背面板44可紧固到背板22的后侧,且与加垫区域40组合,向围绕佩戴者的腰骶区的区域提供可压缩的衬垫。或者,背面板可用在本文中且尤其例如在图5到图7中展示的任何类型的刚性面板来替换。
归因于其薄化性质,区段42可向带部件提供某种可拉伸性,进而允许带部件较好地适应佩戴者的形体和移动。或者,区段42可由可拉伸的片段形成,所述可拉伸的片段连接到加垫区域以大大增强带部件的任何拉伸。然而,应理解,带部件可经配置为拉伸或不拉伸,或具有拉伸增大的局部区域。
在加垫区域40上提供尺码选择标记39,以便展示特定尺码配置。代替需要具有不同长度的广泛多种支撑件,减小的厚度或薄化区段42使得能够容易地通过经由沿薄化区段剪切而促进减小带部件的长度来调整带部件的长度。
举例来说,带部件可各自具有第一预定长度,且其长度可从其第二端部分减小。带部件具有多个由薄化区段定界的间隔区段,其允许在这些薄化区段处切断以便减小带长度。在已减小带部件的长度之后,带部件的新的减小的第二端部分紧固到闭合系统。
带部件可适于包括各种药物递送装置、加劲杆、温度治疗装置和电刺激治疗装置。举例来说,带部件可使用第11/733,865号美国专利申请案(其公开为美国专利申请公开案2007/0237808)中所描述的特征来形成,所述美国专利申请案以引用的方式并入本文中。而且,带部件可配置有附接或封闭构件或凹穴43以容纳其它矫形装置,例如第11/438,474号美国专利申请案(其公开为美国专利申请公开案2006/0264790)中所描述的类型的髋部支架中的外壳,所述美国专利申请案以引用的方式并入本文中。带部件还可界定可闭合凹穴45以包括前述治疗装置中的任一者。
参看图3、图4A和图4B转向背板的实施例,背板22以可滑动方式连接到带部件12、14。根据此实施例,背板为柔性的或可弯曲的,以在使用闭合系统时适应佩戴者背部的形体。围绕佩戴者背部弯曲的能力为尤其有利的,因为背板可用以支持单个佩戴者或多个佩戴者的多种解剖学轮廓。然而,尽管背板可围绕佩戴者背部弯曲,但其提供足够刚性来支撑佩戴者的腰骶区。在替代方案中,背板可自定义成形以便对应于特定佩戴者的确切轮廓,其中背板为大致刚性或半刚性的。
背板22具有特定解剖学几何形状,其经布置以紧密适应广泛多种不同背部形体。举例来说,板22经配置以通过具有大体上远离人体背部的脊椎区突出的向外指向的弯曲78来缓解脊椎区上的压力。板22经布置以通过具有在人体背部的椎旁肌肉组织上延伸的向内指向的轮廓80来在椎旁肌肉组织上施加均匀压力。板22包括朝向佩戴者向内勾勒轮廓的侧翼部分81、锥形顶部部分83和大体上圆化的侧部分85,其在佩戴者背部的腰部区的侧部分上提供覆盖,且有助于在佩戴者背部的敏感和较不敏感区域上实现较好的压力分布。
板22界定大体弧形轮廓82,其向佩戴者提供脊柱前凸支撑。此轮廓82,加上经由闭合系统施加于板22上的压力,可引入并维持正确的腰部脊柱前凸以实现疼痛缓解、脊椎稳定和姿势改善。因为板的轮廓符合解剖学而具有前述特征,所以在轻轻压缩腹腔且增大腹内压力时还产生较好的液体静升力。板的解剖学形状有助于较好地稳定骨盆,因为其经布置以相对于脊椎恰当对准骨盆,进而减少佩戴者背部的腰骶区中的疼痛。此外,与闭合系统组合,板通过固定弯曲、延伸、骨盆倾斜、脊椎旋转和侧向弯曲来改善对佩戴者背部的固定。
背板22形成有多个通风开口54,其允许空气在佩戴者背部与背板22之间循环。通风开口54还准许所述背板的尺码大于常规背板,因为其可覆盖佩戴者背部的较大表面区域而不会造成佩戴者背部过暖。另外,由于开口54可布置成特定图案,所以其可放置于恰当位置处以促进背板的较大弯曲,例如放置于围绕背板的中心线且沿向外指向的弯曲78延伸的中心图案55处。
特别关注图5所示的背板变型。同样,如同图4A和图4B的背板22,背板98具有经布置以促进沿中心线弯曲的开口图案100,使得一对开口阵列102位于中心线的相对侧上。在所述对开口阵列102的端部分之间还提供另一开口阵列106,其进一步辅助背板98的弯曲。在背板98的相对侧上的是在以弯曲配置进行布置时紧密遵循背板98的轮廓的开口图案。板98可包括向外弯曲的部分105以适应佩戴者的脊椎区,以及包括大体上沿脊椎区延伸的多个开口104以便提供增强的透气性和柔性。多种类型的盖子103可紧固到板98或围绕板98。
当然,将理解,由本文中所展示的背板变型界定的开口的图案不是限制性的,多种促进背板弯曲且辅助支撑件通风的图案都属于本发明的范围内。
图5所示的板可布置为除背板22之外还提供的刚性面板98R,且可以枢转方式连接到板的邻近于佩戴者背部的内侧,例如在图9中的定位元件242处。刚性面板可由衬垫材料围绕,且所述衬垫材料可大致使用本文中所描述的用于结合带部件和背板使用的任何加垫材料来通风。
转向根据图1的实施例的闭合系统的变型,图3展示闭合系统23,其包括第一和第二滑轮系统24、26以及第一和第二张紧元件32、34,其耦合到滑轮系统24、26且经布置以围绕佩戴者躯体收紧所述装置。滑轮系统24、26经由带附件18、20连接到带部件12、14的第二端部分12B、14B。闭合系统23以可滑动方式安装到板22且经布置以在第一与第二线性方向(向外(A)与向内(B)方向,如图1所示)之间相对于板22移动带部件12、14。
张紧元件可为缆线、软绳、条带或其它合适元件,其用以允许使用者经由闭合系统在背部的腰部区上施加张力和压力。
滑轮系统24、26包括第一和第二滑轮连接器27、28,其分别经由带附件18、20紧固到第一和第二带部件12、14,且紧固于板22的相对侧上位于在佩戴者背部的椎旁肌肉组织上延伸的向内指向的轮廓80中。第一张紧元件32在下部部分处从第一滑轮系统24向外延伸,而第二张紧元件34在上部部分处从第二滑轮系统26向外延伸。
滑轮连接器27包括一组顶部滑轮,其包含顶部上部滑轮74U和顶部下部滑轮74L,第二张紧元件34延伸穿过所述顶部滑轮。第二张紧元件34的第一端以可固定方式紧固到由滑轮连接器28携载的锚柱56。第二张紧元件34通过延伸穿过入口77A和出口77B且缠绕在安装于每一个别滑轮中的轴杆或轴承79周围来在滑轮连接器27上的顶部上部滑轮74U之间运行。第二张紧元件34延伸穿过滑轮连接器28上的顶部滑轮62,返回到顶部下部滑轮74L,且接着引导穿过出口柱64。
张紧元件32经布置以在滑轮连接器27、28之间延伸,同时使第一端以可固定方式紧固到由滑轮连接器27携载的锚柱58。张紧元件32还在位于滑轮连接器28上的底部滑轮68U、68L与滑轮76之间延伸,以便最终延伸穿过滑轮连接器27上的出口柱66。
优选的是(但不作限制),存在较少滑轮以达到8:1滑轮系统(与两个滑轮连接器组合,且对于每一张紧元件来说为4:1)。已发现,当张紧元件穿过滑轮系统具有较少行程时,可较容易调整佩戴者的腰部区上的压力。当与滑轮内部的轴承组合时,可消除摩擦力,这大大改善了装置佩戴者调整张紧元件的能力。此布置使得腰部区的固定得到改善,同时提供改善的骨盆稳定、液体静升力和脊柱前凸支撑。
滑动布置86用以将滑轮系统24、26的滑轮连接器27、28安装到面板22上。每一滑轮连接器27、28界定从外侧(与朝向背板的中心线定向的内侧相反)向外且向下延伸的颈部87。细长臂部88以交叉方式从颈部87延伸。
颈部87经布置为以可滑动方式啮合由背板22形成的狭槽52,且位于在椎旁肌肉组织上并在向外指向的弯曲78之外延伸的向内指向的轮廓80中。臂部88将颈部87保持在狭槽52内,且随着第二滑轮连接器26在图1所示的方向A、B之间相对于背板移动时大体上抵靠着背板22的后表面滑动。颈部87的向下弯曲可以准许第二滑轮连接器相对于背板以可调整方式旋转以便准许相对于第二带部件额外调整背板的方式来配置。
滑轮连接器27、28各自沿外侧界定上部和下部突出部92U、92L以及凹口91,滑动布置86位于所述凹口91中。滑轮连接器27、28还界定用以将带附件18、20保持到滑轮连接器的背底座74。因为滑轮连接器可以弹性或半刚性配置布置(同时准许某些弯曲以适应围绕佩戴者躯体收紧所述支撑件),所以一排小孔90同样由滑轮连接器形成以便准许将对应的带附件缝合到滑轮连接器。
滑轮连接器沿内侧界定多个指状物94。所述指状物94中的每一者携载所述滑轮中的一者,且每一指状物由槽口96间隔。指状物94和槽口96的布置准许指状物相对于滑轮连接器的其余部分挠曲,进而归因于张紧元件的收紧而较好地适应所述支撑件。
优选的是包括图1的实施例中所展示的类型的相对张紧元件,这样支撑件就不会在佩戴者身上旋转。实际上,张紧元件抵制来自彼此的旋转,进而在拉紧所述张紧元件时较紧固地适应佩戴者。
根据图1的实施例,带附件18、20各自经界定为一对片状物,其具有钩材料的相对表面。钩材料啮合带部件的钩接纳材料,且有效地将闭合系统耦合到带部件。
图4C展示具有与板22和相关联带部件12、14组合的闭合系统的装置230的实施例的有利布置如何在佩戴者背部的椎旁肌肉组织上施加均匀压力分布95。在此情况下,与板22组合地提供刚性面板98R,但即使没有刚性面板98R,也可获得椎旁肌肉组织上的均匀压力分布95。脊椎区上的压力很小,因而在佩戴者背部上施加缓解93。
图4C中的装置的这些特征的组合的结果导致图4D中的压力映射,其展示沿脊椎区的缓解93以及在腰部区的剩余区域中在椎旁肌肉组织上的柔和均匀接触。由此得出结论,不存在可能在佩戴者使用装置时造成不适的压力尖峰(或至少是微小的)。
返回参看条带盖子,图1说明盖子16在背板22上延伸。根据此实施例,盖子16借助缝合30沿带部件12、14之间的部分紧固在背板22周围。盖子16界定第一和第二臂部31、33,其分别大体上对应于第一和第二带部件12、14。至少第一和第二臂部31、33是经过弹性处理的,且可易于相对于第一和第二带部件12、14来定位。
第一和第二臂部31、33分别界定第一和第二通道35、37,第一和第二张紧元件32、34分别延伸穿过所述第一和第二通道35、37。通道35、37可以多种构造来形成,但优选的是其隐蔽张紧元件以便防止张紧元件卡住佩戴者可能接触的任何物体或任何衣物。举例来说,在图1的实施例中,通道被缝制到用以形成臂部31、33的两个材料层中。或者,通道可通过添加剥离材料层来沿盖子的表面形成。
臂部31、33中的每一者包括把手36、38,所述把手36、38紧固到其端部分。每一张紧元件的第二端紧固到把手36、38。把手36、38可以多种不同配置来形成,例如形成为具有图1所示的类型的升高把手部分,其准许佩戴者将手指插入到所述把手部分中以较好地抓握所述把手且进而容易地相对于带部件收紧臂部(和张紧元件)。当然,其它抓握配置也是可能的,其允许佩戴者容易地抓握臂部的端部分,如图11到15中将展示。
所述臂部的每一端部分包括附接部分,所述附接部分允许相对于带部件紧固臂部的端部分。举例来说,带部件的外表面可由钩接纳材料形成,且位于大体上对应于把手的位置处的臂部内侧可包括钩片。因此,在远离背板且通过张紧元件牵拽臂部后,佩戴者即可将把手紧固在带部件上的多种位置处以围绕佩戴者躯体收紧支撑件。
在盖子的变型中,把手可从臂部和张紧元件移除,使得臂部可折叠以减小其长度以用于具有较窄躯体的支撑件佩戴者。一旦臂部经恰当定尺码,便可将把手附接到长度减小的臂部,且可相应地重新附接所述张紧元件。
观测图2,背面板44具有减震特征,其经布置以抵靠着佩戴者邻近放置,让佩戴者感到舒适。明确地说,在相对于带部件收紧臂部时,抵靠着佩戴者所施加的压力通过背面板减到最小。背面板包含第一和第二加垫区46、48,其由薄化转变区域49间隔。转变区域49准许较好地弯曲背面板44,同时背板22类似地经弯曲以适应佩戴者。
背面板44以非常像背板22的前述形式的人类工程学形式来成形。此外,如上文结合带部件所论述,背面板44可由通风三维织物或热成形衬垫材料或其组合形成,以便与背板的通风开口组合地起作用以较好地提供空气穿过支撑件的循环,让佩戴者感到更舒适。
图6说明可与支撑件10组合使用的前板110的实施例。前板110以可移除方式紧固到带部件的内表面。前板110以与背板98的开口102类似的方式界定开口图案112,其辅助在抵靠着使用者收紧时围绕躯体弯曲前板。前板110还界定多个通风开口114,其进一步辅助准许空气循环以使得支撑件对于佩戴者来说更舒适。尤其沿脊椎区提供多个开口115以提供通风和柔性。
前板可用织物材料缠绕,所述织物材料例如为第11/723,604号美国专利申请案(其公开为美国专利申请公开案2007/0185425)所描述的任何类型的三维织物,所述美国专利申请案以引用的方式并入本文中。所述织物可与衬垫材料(例如泡沫塑料)组合,且优选地为透气的,以便与通风开口组合地起作用。
如图6中的区段116所描绘,前板和背板可界定遵循一般人类形体的轮廓的表面弯曲(这导致所述板具有弯曲横截面)。换句话说,前板和背板不是平板,而是具有特定几何形状,其与在常规平板中相比向佩戴者施加更均匀的压力。举例来说,背板中的表面弯曲可使所述板提升远离佩戴者的脊柱且在脊柱的任一侧上施加均匀压力以便形成在放置于接近佩戴者处时赋予非常刚性的板的形状,其中薄塑料片形成所述板。然而,将理解,支撑件不限于包括弯曲的前板和背板;可采用常规的平板。
如图7中所说明,背板或刚性面板117的变型经展示为具有多种不同尺码配置118、122、124、126。这些尺码配置各自具有修整线120,其由减小的厚度形成,从而使得临床医生能够将背板修整成对应于佩戴者的合适尺码。背板和前板也可具有此类修整线,使得支撑件连同带部件全部可修改成佩戴者的恰当体型。
参看图8,属于盖子的臂部的实施例经展示为具有剂量计。在此变型中,臂部包含条带200,其具有由缝合分隔物212分隔的条带主体202。分隔物212形成上部和下部通道208、210,连接到闭合系统的上部和下部张紧元件204、206插入穿过所述通道。张紧元件204、206紧固到把手214,所述把手214具有呈开口形式的抓握特征216。
张紧元件204、206连接到张力计218,所述张力计218提供展示围绕佩戴者躯体收紧张紧元件的相对程度的标记。张力计可包括弹簧,其拉长在可对应于标记的指定张力设定处。张力计的用途是提供由临床医生测量的校准负荷,使得可向佩戴者给予佩戴者应将张紧元件调整在哪个张力设定处的指示。
在变型中,张力计可在弹性片段上包括印花,其在张紧元件和弹性件拉伸到特定点时显现。
观测图9和图10,展示矫形装置的另一实施例,其拥有不同于图1的实施例的一些特征。根据此实施例,装置230包括第一和第二带部件232、234,其经由带附件260、262紧固到背板236。背板236经展示为具有盖罩237。背板236的轮廓沿着中部或脊椎区240形成,对应于背部的下背部或腰部区的形体,而且以上文结合背板的其它实施例描述的方式沿着在中部区240之外的区254、258形成。可透气的盖罩264围绕背板236的周边的若干部分。
第一带部件232包括位于内表面上的扣紧元件238,例如钩材料,其紧固到第二带部件234的外表面。
盖罩237的内表面包括定位元件242,其允许使用者对准并配合到其对应的补充支撑元件。举例来说,可充气的或经预充气的囊状物系统257可紧固到盖罩237。通过提供定位元件,可向佩戴者确保将补充支撑元件定位于恰当位置中。或者,刚性面板259(例如刚性面板98R)可紧固在定位元件242处以便向板提供额外支撑。
定位元件242可为染色片,其相对于适于啮合位于补充支撑元件上的钩元件的盖罩的颜色成对照。第二带部件204的端部分可同样包括另一定位元件244,其位于使用者或腹部区之前,且经布置以接纳另一补充支撑元件,例如在解剖学上经轮廓设计的前板256。
如图10所示,装置230包括闭合系统,其使用具有把手248、252的张紧元件246、250,所述把手248、252位于张紧元件246、250的末端处。张紧元件246、250被暴露,且把手248、252适于啮合带部件232、234的可接纳钩的外盖罩266。钩元件268提供于带部件232上以紧固到外盖罩。
转向图11到图15,描绘可在图9和图10所示的装置230中使用的把手300的实例。
图11将把手300说明为包括第一部分302,其决定性地界定把手300的周边。第二部分304一体式紧固到第一部分302,且至少在把手300的内表面上暴露,如图12所示。第二部分304从把手300的中跨320延伸到前部314。第一部分302为大致柔性的,且第二部分304比第一部分302更刚性。
根据一种变型,第一部分302由具有柔性和弹性的聚合材料构成。第二部分304也由大致刚性的聚合材料构成。第一和第二部分一体式紧固到彼此,从而形成单个组件。第二部分304的前导区段312在前部314处在外表面上暴露,如图11所描绘,而第二部分304的周边全部在把手的内表面上暴露,如图12所描绘。如图13到15所示,第二部分304保持在第一部分302内,且与第一部分302的周边齐平。
把手300界定位于把手300的中跨320和后部308附近的开口306。把手的后部308(其由在320处的中跨的一个末端定界)归因于缺少第二部分304而为大致柔性的。在把手的底表面上,如图12所描绘,钩材料片310从前部314延伸到由线320定界的中跨的末端,且钩材料310至少跟踪第二部分304的周边。这允许使用者容易地弯曲把手300和将把手300从带部件的外表面移除。换句话说,在把手的内表面中可包括位于第二把手部分处以及仅位于第一把手部分上的邻近于第二端部分的位置处的钩材料。
在又一变型中,形状大体上符合把手的至少一部分的锚可紧固到带部件,使得把手紧固于锚处。所述锚可具有保持壁,其包括防止把手相对于背板进一步移动的唇缘,以便界定佩戴者应设置臂部的最大张力。临床医生可在佩戴者治疗情况改变以及需要较多或较少张力时将锚设置于带部件上的各种位置处。
把手300包括用于紧固到属于闭合系统的软绳的凹口316。界定位于把手的厚度的中部处的开口318,其与凹口316连通。开口318位于前部314处,软绳穿过所述开口318延伸到闭合系统,进而确保大体上沿把手的轴线牵拉所述软绳。
如图13所说明,因为第二部分304为大致刚性的,所以把手300经轮廓设计为具有弯曲316,以便在解剖学上遵循佩戴者的躯体。
合适的扣紧件324(例如铆钉)可用以将钩材料紧固到把手300上。在变型中,可使用其它类型的扣紧件来代替钩环材料以将张紧元件紧固到把手。实例包括位于带部件和把手上的带扣、揿钮和其它合适类型的对应扣紧件。
尽管已描述并展示了前述实施例,但应理解可使这些实施例的替代方案和修改(例如由其它实施例建议的替代方案和修改)属于本发明的范围内。此外,本文中所描述的任何原理可延伸到任何其它矫形装置。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于治疗下背部的矫形装置(10),其包含:
闭合系统(23),位于矫形装置(10)的后侧上;
第一和第二细长带部件(12,14),两者均包括第一和第二端部分(12A、14A;12B、14B),细长带部件(12,14)在其第一端部分(12A、14A)藉由附接部分(13、15)在矫形装置(10)的前侧彼此固定,且在其第二端部分(12B、14B)可滑动地连接至一背板(22),并且经由所述闭合系统(23)彼此结合;
第一柔性带附件(18、20),其紧固到所述闭合系统(23)且从所述闭合系统(23)延伸,所述第一柔性带附件(18、20)以可移除方式紧固到所述第一细长带部件(12)的所述第二端部分(12B);
其中所述第一细长带部件(12)具有第一预定长度,所述第一细长带部件(12)的长度能够从其第二端部分(12B)减小,所述第一细长带部件(12)具有多个间隔区段(40),所述间隔区段(40)经布置以用于切断以便减小所述第一细长带部件的所述长度,在减小所述第一预定长度之后的第二长度中,所述第一细长带部件(12)的减小的第二端部分紧固到所述第一柔性带附件(18、20)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的矫形装置(10),其中细长带部件(12、14)具有加垫核心,加垫核心具有根据佩戴者的放置位置增加和减小衬垫的局部区域。
3.根据权利要求1所述的矫形装置(10),其中界定薄化区段(42)阵列,其在所述细长带部件的第二端部分(12B、14B)处开始且朝向第一端部分(12A、14A)延伸。
4.根据权利要求3所述的矫形装置(10),其中第一加垫区域(40)是位于薄化区段(42)之间,且界定比薄化区段(42)大的厚度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的矫形装置(10),其中细长带部件(12、14)具有标色区段,所述标色区段在附接部分(13、15)处,且设置成向佩戴者指示细长带部件(12、14)应紧固到彼此的特定位置。
6.根据权利要求4所述的矫形装置(10),其中细长带部件(12、14)界定围绕附接部分(13、15)的第二加垫区域(17)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的矫形装置(10),其中细长带部件(12、14)抵靠着佩戴者沿细长带部件(12、14)的边缘包括提供压力缓解的加垫边饰(19)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的矫形装置(10),其中细长带部件(12、14)包括尺码选择标记(39),以便展示特定尺码配置。
9.根据权利要求1所述的矫形装置(10),其中细长带部件(12、14)的前表面大体上界定为钩接纳或环材料,细长带部件(12、14)中的一者的后表面具有钩型材料区段(50),其可紧固在细长带部件(12、14)中的任一者的前表面上方。
10.根据权利要求1所述的矫形装置(10),其中附接部分(13、15)各自界定对应的几何形状。
11.根据权利要求10所述的矫形装置(10),其中附接部分(13、15)具有对应的椭圆形形状。
12.根据权利要求1所述的矫形装置(10),其中第二端部分(12B、14B)设置成可移除地且可重复地结合至背板(22)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的矫形装置(10),其中背板(22)为柔性的和/或可弯曲的,以在使用闭合系统(23)时适应佩戴者背部的形体,背板(22)提供足够刚性来支撑佩戴者的腰骶区。
14.根据权利要求12所述的矫形装置(10),其中闭合系统(23)相对于背板(22)移动第一和第二细长带部件(12、14)。
15.根据权利要求14所述的矫形装置(10),进一步包括一盖子(16),盖子(16)紧固到背板(22)并设置成隐藏闭合系统(23),盖子(16)可以可调整方式紧固到细长带部件(12、14)。
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