CN102639120A - 用射频制造锭剂产品 - Google Patents
用射频制造锭剂产品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102639120A CN102639120A CN2010800539159A CN201080053915A CN102639120A CN 102639120 A CN102639120 A CN 102639120A CN 2010800539159 A CN2010800539159 A CN 2010800539159A CN 201080053915 A CN201080053915 A CN 201080053915A CN 102639120 A CN102639120 A CN 102639120A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lozenge
- powder blend
- energy
- base
- punch die
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Abstract
本发明描述了用于制备锭剂产品的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:使含有无定形碳水化合物聚合物的粉末共混物成形为所需的所述锭剂产品的坯,以及施加射频能至所述坯持续足以软化或熔融所述无定形碳水化合物聚合物的一段时间,以使所述坯熔凝成所述锭剂产品。
Description
相关专利申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2009年9月24日提交的系列号为61/245,315的美国临时专利申请、2009年10月28日提交的系列号为61/255,582的美国临时专利申请、2010年3月17日提交的系列号为61/314,629的美国临时专利申请、2010年6月24日提交的系列号为61/358,167的美国临时专利申请的优先权。藉此将上述相关美国专利申请的全部公开内容以引用的方式全文并入本文用于所有目的。
背景技术
锭剂通常使用糖和/或玉米糖浆的煮沸混合物制备,其中将所述混合物加热和熔融。然而,某些材料与这种使用高热量持续大量时间的方法不相容,例如热敏活性成分和挥发性风味剂以及可感觉组分。这类锭剂也具有使用非常湿气敏感的材料或在冷却成最终锭剂形式时保留有大量潜在的或结合的水之类的缺点。这可能会需要具有低水分渗透性的昂贵包装材料或使用外部干燥剂。另外,潜在的水分对于某些活性成分,特别是药物活性成分而言可能会是一个问题,其中在稳定性方面会加速降解化合物的形成。
因此,需要制备出不用利用在典型的煮沸工艺中所用的高温和/或大量水含量的锭剂。
发明内容
在一个方面,本发明描述了用于制备锭剂产品的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:使含无定形碳水化合物聚合物的粉末共混物成形为所需的锭剂产品的坯,施加射频(“RF”)能量至所述坯持续足以软化或熔融所述无定形碳水化合物聚合物的一段时间,以使所述坯熔凝成所述锭剂产品。
在其他方面,本发明描述了通过这种方法制备的锭剂产品以及锭剂产品的用途。
通过本发明的具体实施方式和权利要求书,本发明的其他特征和优点将显而易见。
附图说明
图1A-F为本发明的一个实施例的横截面侧视图,示出了从冲模台板2内的粉末共混物4制造锭剂坯4a。
图2A-H为本发明的一个实施例的横截面侧视图,示出了从冲模台板2内的粉末共混物10和11制造双层锭剂12。
图3A-F为本发明的一个实施例的横截面侧视图,示出了从冲模台板2内的粉末共混物20制造含有预制插入物30和31的锭剂40。
图4A和4B为旋转转位机器(rotary indexing machine)195的透视图。
图5A和5B为处于停留位置的旋转转位机器195的顶视图。
图6A和6B为制造周期的起始位置中下成形工具组件110的截面图。
图7为压实粉末共混物101之前的穿过RF工位旋转转位机器195的截面图。
图8为穿过RF工位旋转转位机器195的截面图,示出了锭剂101a的制造。
图9为在弹出锭剂101a之前的穿过锭剂弹出工位160的截面图。
图10为已将锭剂101a弹出进入泡罩190后的穿过锭剂弹出工位160的截面图。
图11A-D为成形工具和冲模台板的备选实施例的横截面。
图12A-D为成形工具和冲模台板的备选实施例的横截面。
图13A为具有波形表面的成形工具的横截面。
图13B为具有波形表面的成形工具的透视图。
图14为在表面上具有突起的成形工具的横截面。
具体实施方式
据信,本领域的技术人员可根据本文的描述最大限度地利用本发明。下面的具体实施例可理解为仅为示例性的,并且无论如何都不以任何方式限制本公开内容的其余部分。
除非另有规定,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语都具有本发明所属技术领域普通技术人员公知的相同含义。此外,将本文提及的所有出版物、专利申请、专利和其他参考文献以引用方式并入本文中。除非另外指明,否则本文所用的所有百分比均以重量计。
如上所论述的,在一个方面,本发明描述了用于制备锭剂产品的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:使含无定形碳水化合物聚合物的粉末共混物成形为所需的锭剂产品的坯,施加RF能量至所述坯持续足以软化或熔融所述无定形碳水化合物聚合物的一段时间,以使所述坯熔凝成所述锭剂产品。
粉末共混物
如上所论述的,锭剂坯是通过形成含有无定形碳水化合物聚合物和任选的尼古丁和/或其他药物活性成分和/或赋形剂的粉末共混物而制得。这类赋形剂的例子包括但不限于:助流剂、润滑剂、甜味剂、风味剂和芳香剂、增强剂、着色剂、防腐剂、维生素、矿物质、氟化物和牙齿增白剂,以及它们的混合物。上述成分中的一种或多种可存在于粉末共混物的同一粒子上。
合适的润滑剂包括但不限于:长链脂肪酸以及它们的盐(如硬脂酸镁和硬脂酸)、滑石、甘油酯、蜡以及它们的混合物。
合适的助流剂包括但不限于胶态二氧化硅。
甜味剂的例子包括但不限于:合成的或天然的糖;人造甜味剂如糖精、糖精钠、天冬甜素、乙酰舒泛、非洲甜果素、甘草素、三氯蔗糖、二氢查尔酮、阿力甜、奇异果素、应乐果甜蛋白和甜菊糖;糖醇如山梨醇、甘露糖醇、甘油、乳糖醇、麦芽糖醇和木糖醇;从甘蔗和甜菜提取的糖(蔗糖)、右旋糖(也称为葡萄糖)、果糖(也称为左旋糖)和乳糖;异麦芽酮糖醇、它们的盐以及它们的混合物。
风味剂和芳香剂的例子包括但不限于:精油,包括切细的花、叶、皮或捣浆全果的蒸馏物、溶剂提取物或冷榨物,其含有醇、酯、醛和内酯的混合物;香精,包括精油的稀溶液或共混成与水果(例如草莓、悬钩子和黑醋粟)的天然香味匹配的合成化学物质的混合物;酿造物和酒类(例如科涅克白兰地酒、威士忌酒、浪姆酒、杜松子酒、雪利酒、波尔图葡萄酒和葡萄酒)的人造的和天然的风味剂;烟草、咖啡、茶、可可和薄荷;果汁,包括从洗擦过的水果如柠檬、橙和酸橙压榨出的汁;绿薄荷、欧薄荷、冬青、肉桂、可可、香草、甘草、薄荷醇、桉树、茴香籽;坚果(如花生、椰子、榛子、栗子、胡桃和可拉果)、杏仁、葡萄干;以及粉末、面粉或包括烟草植物部分在内的植物材料部分(例如烟草属植物部分,其量不会显著促成尼古丁的水平)以及生姜。
着色剂的例子包括但不限于经批准用作食品添加剂的染料。
无定形碳水化合物聚合物
粉末共混物/锭剂坯/锭剂产品含有至少一种无定形碳水化合物聚合物。所谓“无定形碳水化合物聚合物”其意指的是具有多个碳水化合物单体的分子,其中这种分子具有低于20%,如低于10%,如低于5%的结晶度。无定形碳水化合物聚合物的例子包括但不限于氢化淀粉水解产物、聚葡萄糖和低聚糖。低聚糖的例子包括但不限于低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、低聚麦芽糖、菊粉和低聚异麦芽糖。
在一个实施例中,无定形碳水化合物聚合物在粉末共混物/锭剂坯/锭剂产品中的量为约50重量%至约99.9重量%,如约80重量%至约95重量%。
在一个实施例中,粉末共混物/锭剂坯/锭剂产品含有低于约20重量%的晶体材料,如低于10%,如低于5%,如不含。在一个实施例中,锭剂基本上不含异麦芽酮糖醇。
尼古丁化合物
在一个实施例中,粉末共混物/锭剂坯/锭剂产品含有戒烟化合物如:尼古丁和/或其代谢物,如可替宁、尼古丁N’-氧化物、去甲烟碱、(S)-尼古丁-N-β-葡糖苷酸或其盐(下文为“尼古丁化合物”);瓦伦尼克林(varenicline)、丁氨苯丙酮、去甲替林、多虑平、氟西汀、丙咪嗪、吗氯贝胺、芋螺毒素MII、地棘蛙素、A-85380、洛贝林、新烟碱、SIB-1508Y、SIB-1553A、ABT-418、ABT-594、ABT-894、TC-2403、TC-2559、RJR-2403、SSR180711、GTS-21和/或金雀花碱或其盐。戒烟化合物(例如尼古丁化合物)可存在于粉末共混物和/或任选的包衣中。
许多尼古丁盐是已知的并且可以使用。例子包括但不限于:尼古丁的甲酸盐(2∶1)、乙酸盐(3∶1)、丙酸盐(3∶1)、丁酸盐(3∶1)、2-甲基丁酸盐(3∶1)、3-甲基丁酸盐(3∶1)、戊酸盐(3∶1)、月桂酸盐(3∶1)、棕榈酸盐(3∶1)、酒石酸盐(1∶1)和酒石酸盐(2∶1)、柠檬酸盐(2∶1)、苹果酸盐(2∶1)、草酸盐(2∶1)、苯甲酸盐(1∶1)、龙胆酸盐(1∶1)、没食子酸盐(1∶1)、苯乙酸盐(3∶1)、水杨酸盐(1∶1)、邻苯二甲酸盐(1∶1)、苦味酸盐(2∶1)、磺基水杨酸盐(1∶1)、鞣酸盐(1∶5)、果胶酸盐(1∶3)、褐藻酸盐(1∶2)、盐酸盐(2∶1)、氯铂酸盐(1∶1)、硅钨酸盐(1∶1)、丙酮酸盐(2∶1)、谷氨酸盐(1∶1)和天冬氨酸盐(1∶1)。
在一个实施例中,将尼古丁化合物结合至树脂(例如聚丙烯酸酯树脂)、沸石或纤维素或淀粉微球。阳离子交换树脂的例子包括但不限于:Amberlite IRC 50(Rohm & Haas)、Amberlite IRP 64(Rohm & Haas)、Amberlite IRP 64M(Rohm & Haas)、BIO-REX 70(BIO-RAD Lab.)、Amberlite IR 118(Rohm & Haas)、Amberlite IRP 69(Rohm & Haas)、Amberlite IRP 69M(Rohm & Haas)、BIO-REX 40(BIO-RAD Lab.)、Amberlite IR 120(Rohm & Haas)、Dowex 50(Dow Chemical)、Dowex 50W(Dow Chemical)、Duolite C 25(Chemical Process Co.)、Lewatit S 100(Farbenfabriken Bayer)、Ionac C 240(Ionac Chem.)、Wofatit KP S 200(I.G.Farben Wolfen)、Amberlyst 15(Rohm & Haas)、Duolite C-3(ChemicalProcess)、Duolite C-10(Chemical Process)、Lewatit KS(FarbenfabrikenBayer)、Zerolit 215(The Permutit Co.)、Duolite ES-62(Chemical Process)、BIO-REX 63(BIO-RAD Lab.)、Duolite ES-63(Chemical Process)、DuoliteES-65(Chemical Process)、Ohelex 100(BIO-RAD Lab.)、Dow ChelatingResin A-1(Dow Chemical Company)、Purolite C115HMR(PuroliteInternational Ltd.)、CM Sephadex C-25(Pharmacia Fine Chemicals)、SESephadex C-25(Pharmacia Fine Chemicals)、Viscarin GP-109NFλ-角叉菜胶(FMC Biopolymer)或任何其他阴离子聚合电解质。
在另一个实施例中,尼古丁化合物是与环糊精的包合络合物形式,其可包括环糊精络合,如药物活性化合物与环糊精的络合,其中优选的是使用的环糊精选自α-、β-和γ-环糊精、α-、β-和γ-环糊精的羟丙基衍生物、磺基烷基醚环糊精例如磺丁基醚-β-环糊精、烷基化环糊精如随机甲基化的β-环糊精,以及多种支链环糊精如葡糖基-和麦芽糖基-β-环糊精。
在一个实施例中,将尼古丁化合物定量加料于锭剂产品中以为人们提供一定剂量而实现一定效果,例如在未吸烟的情况下提供吸烟满足感和/或减少吸食或使用烟草的欲望。当然,该量可以因人而异。
在一个实施例中,锭剂产品包含的尼古丁化合物的量以每粒锭剂产品中的游离碱形式的尼古丁计算,为约0.05至约12mg,如约0.2-6mg,如约0.5-5mg。在不同的实施例中,以每粒锭剂产品的游离碱形式的尼古丁计算,该量可包括0.05、0.5、1、1.5、2、3、4、4.5、5、6、7、8、9、10或12mg。
缓冲剂
在一个实施例中,锭剂/粉末共混物/包衣既含有尼古丁又含有缓冲剂。在一个实施例中,对锭剂进行缓冲使得施用锭剂时,唾液的pH暂时从约0.2个pH单位增加至约4个pH单位,优选从约0.4个pH单位增加至约2个pH单位。设计缓冲以便实现在锭剂产品的使用过程中对受试者的唾液进行暂时缓冲。因为这种改变是短暂的,所以经一段时间后pH将会回到其正常值。
缓冲剂的例子包括但不限于包括碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐或倍半碳酸盐在内的碳酸盐类、碱金属(如钾或钠)或铵的甘氨酸盐、磷酸盐、甘油磷酸盐或柠檬酸盐,如柠檬酸三钠或柠檬酸三钾、磷酸三钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸三钾、磷酸氢二钾、氢氧化钙、甘氨酸钠和氨基丁三醇(TRIS)。碱金属碳酸盐、甘氨酸盐和磷酸盐是优选的缓冲剂。
一种或多种缓冲剂可在一定程度上为微囊化的或者说是用比所述一种或多种缓冲剂较不溶于唾液的聚合物和/或脂质包衣成颗粒。这种微胶囊化控制了溶出速率从而延长了缓冲作用的时间范围。
为了进一步增加缓冲能力而不会相应地增加pH,在特定的实施例中,可将第二缓冲剂或辅助性缓冲剂用于第一缓冲剂,例如碳酸氢钠或碳酸氢钾缓冲剂。第二缓冲剂或辅助性缓冲剂可以选自优选用于该目的的碱金属碳酸氢盐。因此,本发明的其他实施例可包含碱金属碳酸盐或磷酸盐与碱金属碳酸氢盐的混合物。
在特定的实施例中,锭剂组合物中的一种或多种缓冲剂的量优选足以使唾液的pH提高到7以上,如上所说明的,使口腔内唾液的pH暂时维持在7以上,例如pH为7-10。
尼古丁可以不同的形式施用,例如以不同的复合物或盐的形式施用。本领域技术人员可容易地计算出实现不同尼古丁施用形式的这种pH增加所需的缓冲剂的量。pH增加的程度和持续时间取决于所使用的缓冲剂的类型和量以及缓冲剂在口香糖产品中的分布。
药物活性剂
本发明的粉末共混物/锭剂坯/锭剂产品可包含至少一种药物活性剂(无尼古丁化合物或者还有尼古丁化合物)。所谓“药物活性剂”其意指经美国食品与药物管理局(U.S.Food and Drug Administration)、欧洲药品管理局(European Medicines Agency)或它们的任何继承实体许可或批准的用于口服治疗病症或疾病的制剂(如化合物)。合适的药物活性剂包括但不限于:镇痛剂、抗炎剂、解热剂、抗组胺剂、抗生素(例如,抗菌剂、抗病毒剂和抗真菌剂)、抗抑郁药、抗糖尿病剂、解痉药、食欲抑制剂、支气管扩张剂、心血管治疗剂(例如他汀类药物)、中枢神经系统治疗剂、镇咳剂、减充血剂、利尿剂、祛痰剂、胃肠治疗剂、麻醉剂、黏液溶解剂、肌肉松弛剂、骨质疏松治疗剂、兴奋剂和镇静剂。
合适的胃肠治疗剂的例子包括但不限于:抗酸剂,如含铝的药物活性剂(例如,碳酸铝、氢氧化铝、碳酸二羟铝钠和磷酸铝)、含碳酸氢盐的药物活性剂、含铋的药物活性剂(例如,铝酸铋、碳酸铋、碱式碳酸铋、碱式没食子酸铋以及碱式硝酸铋)、含钙的药物活性剂(例如碳酸钙)、甘氨酸、含镁的药物活性剂(例如,水化铝酸镁、硅酸铝镁、碳酸镁、甘氨酸镁、氢氧化镁、氧化镁和三硅酸镁)、含磷酸盐的药物活性剂(例如,磷酸铝和磷酸钙)、含钾的药物活性剂(例如碳酸氢钾)、含钠的药物活性剂(例如碳酸氢钠)以及硅酸盐;泻药,如软便剂(例如多库酯)和刺激性泻药(例如比沙可啶);H2受体拮抗剂,如法莫替丁、雷尼替丁、西咪替丁和尼扎替丁;质子泵抑制剂,如奥美拉唑、右兰索拉唑、艾美拉唑、泮托拉唑、雷贝拉唑和兰索拉唑;胃肠细胞保护剂,如硫糖铝和米索前列醇;胃肠促动药,如普卡必利;针对幽门螺旋杆菌(H.pylori)的抗生素,如克拉霉素、阿莫西林、四环素以及甲硝唑;止泻药,如碱式水杨酸铋、高岭土、地芬诺酯和洛派丁胺;甘罗溴铵;镇痛剂,如美沙胺;止吐药,如昂丹司琼、赛克力嗪、苯海拉明、茶苯海明、氯苯甲嗪、异丙嗪和羟嗪;益生菌,包括但不限于乳酸杆菌(lactobacilli);乳糖酶;消旋卡多曲;和排气剂,如聚二甲基硅氧烷(如二甲硅油和西甲硅油,包括美国专利No.4,906,478、No.5,275,822以及No.6,103,260中公开的那些);它们的异构体;以及它们的可药用盐和前药(如酯)。
合适的止痛剂、抗炎剂和解热剂的例子包括但不限于:非甾体抗炎药(NSAID),如丙酸衍生物(例如布洛芬、萘普生、酮洛芬、氟比洛芬、芬布芬、非诺洛芬、吲哚洛芬、酮洛芬、氟洛芬、比丙芬、卡洛芬、噁丙嗪、普拉洛芬和舒洛芬)和COX抑制剂,如塞来考昔;对乙酰氨基酚;乙酰水杨酸;乙酸衍生物,如吲哚美辛、双氯芬酸、舒林酸和托美丁;芬那酸衍生物,如甲芬那酸、甲氯芬那酸和氟芬那酸;联苯羧酸衍生物,如二氟尼柳和氟苯柳;和昔康类,如吡罗昔康、舒多昔康、伊索昔康和美洛昔康;它们的异构体;以及它们的可药用盐和前药。
抗组胺药和减充血剂的例子包括但不限于溴苯那敏、氯环嗪、右溴苯那敏、溴己新、苯茚胺、非尼拉敏、美吡拉敏、松齐拉敏、pripolidine、麻黄碱、去氧肾上腺素、伪麻黄碱、苯丙醇胺、扑尔敏、右美沙芬、苯海拉明、多西拉敏、阿司咪唑、特非那丁、非索非那丁、萘甲唑林、羟甲唑啉、孟鲁斯特、丙己君、苯丙烯啶、克立马丁、阿伐斯汀、普鲁米近、奥索马嗪、美喹他嗪、布克力嗪、溴己新、酮替芬、特非那丁、依巴斯汀、苯咪唑嗪、赛洛唑啉、氯雷他定、脱羧氯雷他定以及西替利嗪;它们的异构体;以及它们的可药用盐和酯。
止咳剂和祛痰剂的例子包括但不限于:苯海拉明、右美沙芬、诺斯卡品、氯苯达诺、薄荷醇、苯佐那酯、乙基吗啡、可待因、乙酰半胱氨酸、羧甲半胱胺酸、氨溴索、颠茄生物碱、索布瑞醇、愈疮木酚和愈创木酚甘油醚;它们的异构体;以及它们的可药用盐和前药。
肌肉松弛剂的例子包括但不限于:环苯扎林和氯唑沙宗、美他沙酮、奥芬那君和美索巴莫;它们的异构体;以及它们的可药用盐和前药。
兴奋剂的例子包括但不限于咖啡因。
镇静剂的例子包括但不限于:睡眠助剂,如抗组胺药(例如苯海拉明)、艾司佐匹克隆和唑吡旦,以及它们的可药用盐和前药。
食欲抑制剂的例子包括但不限于:苯丙醇胺、芬特明和二乙基卡西酮以及它们的可药用盐和前药。
麻醉剂(如用于治疗咽喉痛)的例子包括但不限于:达克罗宁、苯佐卡因和果胶以及它们的可药用盐和前药。
合适的他汀类药物的例子包括但不限于:阿托伐他汀、罗苏伐他汀、氟伐他汀、洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀、阿托伐他汀、普伐他汀以及它们的可药用盐和前药。
在一个实施例中,粉末共混物包含去氧肾上腺素、右美沙芬、伪麻黄碱、扑尔敏、美索巴莫、氯苯达诺、抗坏血酸、薄荷醇、果胶、达克罗宁或苯佐卡因或它们的可药用盐。
如上所论述的,本发明的药物活性剂还可以可药用盐如酸式/阴离子盐或碱式/阳离子盐的形式存在。可药用酸式/阴离子盐包括但不限于:乙酸盐、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、碳酸氢盐、酒石酸氢盐、溴化物、依地酸钙、樟脑磺酸盐、碳酸盐、氯化物、柠檬酸盐、二盐酸盐、依地酸盐、乙二磺酸盐、丙酸酯十二烷基硫酸盐(estolate)、乙磺酸酯、延胡索酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、葡糖酸盐、谷氨酸盐、α-羟乙酰氨基苯砷酸、己基间苯二酚盐、海巴明、氢溴酸盐、盐酸盐、羟萘酸盐、碘化物、羟乙基磺酸盐、乳酸盐、乳糖醛酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、扁桃酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基溴化物、甲基硝酸盐、甲基硫酸盐、粘液酸盐、萘磺酸盐、硝酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、泛酸盐、磷酸盐/二磷酸盐、聚半乳糖醛酸盐、水杨酸盐、硬脂酸盐、碱式乙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、鞣酸盐、酒石酸盐、茶氯酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐以及三乙基碘。可药用碱式/阳离子盐包括但不限于:铝、苄星、钙、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、锂、镁、葡甲胺、钾、普鲁卡因、钠和锌。
如上所述,本发明的药物活性剂还可以以药物活性剂的前药形式存在。通常,此类前药将是药物活性剂的官能衍生物,该官能衍生物在体内可易于转化成所需的药物活性剂。例如,在“Design of Prodrugs”,H.Bundgaard(编辑),Elsevier,1985中描述了用于选择和制备合适的前药衍生物的常规程序。除了盐外,本发明还提供所述化合物的酯、酰胺以及其他受保护的或衍生的形式。
如果根据本发明的药物活性剂具有至少一个手性中心,则它们可作为对映体存在。如果药物活性剂具有两个或更多个手性中心,则它们还可作为非对映体存在。应当理解,所有的这类异构体及其混合物涵盖在本发明的范围内。此外,药物活性剂的某些晶体形式可作为多晶型物存在,并且此类多晶形物同样旨在包括在本发明的范围内。另外,某些药物活性剂可以与水形成溶剂化物(如水合物)或与普通有机溶剂形成溶剂化物,并且这些溶剂化物也旨在包括在本发明的范围内。
在一个实施例中,一种或多种药物活性剂以治疗有效量存在于锭剂产品中,治疗有效量为口服后产生所需治疗响应的量并易于由本领域的技术人员确定。在确定该量时,如本领域所知,必须考虑所施用的具体药物活性剂、药物活性剂的生物利用度特性、给药方案、患者的年龄和体重以及其他因素。
药物活性剂可以多种形式存在。例如,药物活性剂可以在分子水平上分散(如熔融)于锭剂产品内,或者可以为粒子形式,粒子继而可被包衣或不进行包衣。如果药物活性剂为粒子形式,则粒子(不管是否包衣的还是未包衣的)的平均粒度通常为约1至约2000微米。在一个实施例中,这类粒子为具有约1至约300微米的平均粒度的晶体。在另一个实施例中,粒子为颗粒或丸粒,其平均粒度为约50至约2000微米,如约50至约1000微米,如约100至约800微米。
在添加掩味包衣之前,药物活性剂可以纯晶体形式存在,或者以颗粒形式存在。可将制粒技术用于改善药物活性剂的流动特性或粒度以使得其更适用于压实或随后的包衣。适用于制粒的粘合剂包括但不限于:淀粉、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、羟丙基甲基纤维素和羟丙基纤维素。包含药物活性剂的颗粒可用本领域已知的任何制粒方法通过将药物活性剂与合适的基质颗粒共同制粒而成。这种制粒方法的例子包括但不限于高剪切湿法制粒和流化床制粒,如旋转流化床制粒。
如本领域所知,如果药物活性剂味道不好,则可以用掩味包衣包覆药物活性剂。合适的掩味包衣的例子在美国专利No.4,851,226、美国专利No.5,075,114以及美国专利No.5,489,436中有描述。也可采用可商购获得的经掩味处理的药物活性剂。例如,通过凝聚法用乙基纤维素或其他聚合物包封的对乙酰氨基酚粒子可用于本发明。凝聚包封的对乙酰氨基酚可从Eurand America,Inc.(Vandalia,Ohio)或从Circa Inc.(Dayton,Ohio)商购获得。
在一个实施例中,可使一种或多种药物活性剂或该药物活性剂的一部分结合至离子交换树脂,以对药物活性剂进行掩味或以调释方式递送该药物活性剂。
药物活性剂对能量的敏感性(例如,熔融或降解)可对加热步骤过程中所用的能量类型和/或温度以及所用的无定形碳水化合物聚合物的类型有影响。
在一个实施例中,锭剂产品的加工没有湿制粒或热熔融制粒步骤。在该实施例中,在加热之前将材料直接共混。在一个实施例中,在加热之前将材料直接共混并压制。
锭剂坯的制造
在一个实施例中,将粉末共混物送料进设备的冲模中,该设备施加压力以形成锭剂坯(例如,通过轻压实如填压)。可使用任何合适的压实设备,包括但不限于常规的单冲式或旋转式压片机。在一个实施例中,可通过用旋转式压片机(例如,如可从Fette America Inc.(Rockaway,N.J.)或Manesty Machines LTD(Liverpool,UK)商购获得的那些压片机)进行压实来形成锭剂坯。在一个实施例中,在将锭剂坯从压片机移出后将其加热。在另一个实施例中,将锭剂坯在压片机内加热。
在大多数热力学处理或机器中,热源和散热器是两个截然不同的机器或步骤,要求材料从一个设备转移到另一个设备。在本发明锭剂的制造中,必须添加能量至锭剂以实现粘合效果,然后必须将能量从产品移除以固化和强化该产品用于其最后的处理包装和使用。本发明制造法的一个实施例的独特的且未预料到的属性之一是热源和散热器为同一设备的部件。在一个实施例中,将热量添加至该成形工具以在锭剂的表面以及中心实现正常的烧结。
为了利用这种独特的热效应,还可针对粉末共混物的热特性以及导热率和比热对粉末共混物进行选择使得粉末共混物粒子自身变成散热器。这样的理想结果是总处理时间可以是仅数秒,并且在关键的填压和加热处理过程中不需要将锭剂从冲模台板转移。则冲模台板可充当材料处理设备以及热成形工具。
在一个实施例中,在添加RF能量之前发生的压实步骤(例如,填压)利用低于压制可咀嚼的或可吞咽的片剂所需的力的压实力。在一个实施例中,压实力低于约1000磅/平方英寸(例如,低于约500磅/平方英寸,如低于200磅/平方英寸,如低于50磅/平方英寸)。在一个实施例中,在粉末共混物处于这种力下的同时施加能量。
在一个实施例中,压实步骤以转位(indexed)方式进行,其中一组锭剂同时压实,然后旋转至另一转位(indexing)工位。在一个实施例中,压实步骤在单个转位工位进行,而RF能量施加在另一转位工位进行。在另一个实施例中,存在其中进行锭剂或多粒锭剂弹出的第三转位工位,其中下成形工具升起并上至冲模的表面。在另一个实施例中,压实步骤通过添加气压或液压缸至上成形工具的顶部来进行。在一个实施例中,通过引离棒(take-offbar)将多粒锭剂同时弹出并与该转位工位的表面分离并移出。
在另一个实施例中,可通过美国专利申请公开No.20040156902中所述的压实方法和设备制备锭剂坯。具体地讲,可用具有双排冲模构造的单个设备中包括填充区、插入区、压制区、弹出区和清除区的旋转压制模块来制备锭剂坯。然后可借助真空来填充该压制模块的冲模,每个模具中或附近设置有过滤器。压制模块的清除区包括任选的粉末共混物回收系统,以从过滤器回收多余的粉末共混物并将粉末共混物送回冲模。在一个实施例中,将RF能量投射透过旋转压片机的冲模台,进入成形工具或成形腔内的合适电极。在一个实施例中,该冲模台由非传导性材料构造。
在一个实施例中,通过公布的美国专利No.6,767,200中所述的压实方法和设备制备锭剂坯。具体地讲,可用如本文图6所示的具有双排冲模构造的单个设备中包括填充区、压制区和弹出区的旋转压制模块来制备锭剂坯。优选借助真空对压制模块的模具进行填充,每个模具之中或附近带有过滤器。
锭剂坯可具有多种不同形状中的其中一种。例如,可将锭剂坯成形为多面体,如立方体、椎体、棱柱体等;或者可具有带一些非平坦表面的空间外形的几何形状,如锥体、截头锥体、三角形、圆柱体、球体、圆环体等。在某些实施例中,锭剂坯具有一个或多个暴表面。例如,锭剂坯表面通常具有通过与压实机器中的上下成形工具表面(例如,冲模冲头)接触而形成的相对的上表面和下表面。在这类实施例中,锭剂坯表面通常还包括位于上表面和下表面之间的“腹带”,其通过与压实机器中的冲模壁接触而形成。锭剂坯/锭剂还可以为多层的。申请人已发现用于制备锭剂的模具中锐利边缘可引起弧,因而可能需要更圆的边缘。
在一个实施例中,生产锭剂坯的方法基本上不使用溶剂。在该实施例中,粉末共混物基本上不含溶剂,并且制造工艺(例如填充进冲模的工艺)也基本上无溶剂。溶剂可包括但不限于水、有机溶剂(例如但是不限于醇、含氯溶剂、己烷或丙酮)或气态溶剂(例如但不限于氮气、二氧化碳或超临界流体)。
在一个实施例中采用振动步骤(例如,在填充粉末共混物之后但是在加热或熔融步骤之前添加该步骤,以从粉末共混物除去空气)。在一个实施例中,添加频率为约1Hz至约50KHz的振动,峰到峰的振幅为1微米至5mm,以让可流动的粉末共混物沉积进冲模台板的腔(“成形腔”)中。
在一个实施例中,如图1A-1F中所示,将定量体积的粉末共混物4填充进Teflon(或类似电和RF能量绝缘的材料如陶瓷或UHMW塑料)冲模台板2中。冲模台板2具有成形腔5,该成形腔具有内壁6、冲模台板2的上表面上的上开口7(其允许粉末共混物4和上成形工具1移动进入成形腔5中)和冲模台板2的相对表面上的下开口8(其允许共混物4和下形成模具3移动进入成形腔5中)。粉末共混物4可从送料器(未示出)重力送料或机械送料。将金属导电性下成形工具3插入冲模台板以使粉末共混物4保持在冲模台板2内。类似的金属导电性上成形工具1定位在冲模台板2之上,如图1B所示。然后使成形工具1和3、冲模台板2和粉末共混物4移至如图1C所示的压实和RF加热工位以形成锭剂坯4a。
该加热工位由RF发生器7构成,该发生器产生必要的高压、高频能量。发生器7电连接至可移动的上RF电极板8和可移动的下RF电极板6。如图1C所示,在该位置,通过上RF电极板8和下电极板6施加的压力将粉末共混物4在上成形工具1和下成形工具3之间压实以形成锭剂坯4a。然后将锭剂坯4a暴露于来自RF发生器7的RF能量,其加热锭剂坯4a内的无定形碳水化合物聚合物。在关掉RF能量后,锭剂坯4a冷却而形成锭剂4b。在一个实施例中,如图1D所示,上成形工具1将锭剂4b从冲模台板2推进泡罩8中,该泡罩用于包装锭剂4b。在一个备选的实施例中,如图1E所示,下成形工具3将锭剂4b从冲模台板2推出并通过静止的“引离”棒(未示出)引导至弹出斜槽。图1F示出了成形工具1和4、冲模台板2和锭剂4b的三维示图。
在图2A-2H中,示出了其中制备多层锭剂的本发明的备选实施例。首先,如图2A所示将粉末共混物10充填进冲模台板2中。如图2B所示通过上成形工具1填压粉末共混物10或使其下移进冲模台板2中以形成锭剂坯10a。然后,在锭剂坯10a上充填粉末共混物11。然后使成形工具1和3、冲模台板2、锭剂坯10a和粉末共混物11移至如图2E所示的压实和RF加热工位。如上面图1C所述完成RF加热以产生如图2F和2G中所示的多层锭剂12。虽然在该附图中示出了双层锭剂,但可通过添加另外的粉末共混物至冲模台板2来产生另外的多个层。
图3A-3G示出了本发明的另一个实施例,其中如图3A-3D所示预制插入物30和31被插入锭剂坯20a中。然后将成形工具1和3、冲模台板2、锭剂坯20和预制插入物30和31移至如图3E中所示的压实和RF加热工位。如上面图1C所述完成RF加热以产生图2F和2G中所示的多组分锭剂40。
图4A和4B示出了旋转转位机器195的两个视图,其设计用于产生大量的锭剂。本发明的该实施例由具有各有十六个腔的四组冲模台板175的转位台170、粉末送料器100、RF发生器150、机器机架140、移动RF电极组件120和130、下成形工具组件110、上成形工具组件210、锭剂弹出工位160、转位器驱动系统180、泡罩包装幅材190和泡罩封盖材料卷191构成。
图5A为处于停留位置的设备的顶视图。图5B为在转位台170以方向“A”在工位之间旋转时该设备的俯视图。图6A示出了穿过处于制造周期的起始位置的下成形工具组件110的截面图。下成形工具111(其由导电性金属材料如黄铜或不锈钢制成)保持在保持器板112(例如,由铝或刚制成)中。加热块117附接至保持器板112,并含有流体通道117b。加热(或任选地,冷却)流体通过连接至形成供应和返回线路的柔性软管119a和119b而循环通过加热块117。加热还可通过筒式电加热器或其他合适的装置(未示出)来完成。附连至保持器板的是凸轮从动件114和线性轴承113。导轴116固定至转位台170。保持器板和成形工具111是可根据凸轮从动件114在其上滚转的筒型凸轮115的轮廓上下移动的。也示出的是冲模台板171,其由电和RF能量绝缘材料如特氟隆、UHMW或陶瓷制成。这是有必要的以当在后续步骤中导电成形工具定位在RF电场中时防止短路。在所述工艺的这一阶段成形腔171a示出为空。
图6B绘出了穿过该设备的粉末送料器工位100的截面。在该工位粉末状粉末共混物101被重力送料进冲模台板171中。以方向“B”上下调节可移动的凸轮区段118以通过改变下成形工具111深入冲模台板171的量来改变成形腔171a的体积。这种可调体积特征使得能针对所需的锭剂重量来选取精确剂量的粉末状粉末共混物。当该机器转出粉末送料工位时,送料器102的边缘擦过冲模台板171以产生相对于冲模台板171的表面的水平粉末表面。
图7为穿过该设备的RF工位的截面图。在这里象征性地绘出了RF发生器150。在一个实施例中,RF发生器150的构造为自由转动振荡器系统。其通常由功率真空管(如三极管)、连接阴极和板极(阳极)的在1000伏特至8000伏特之间的DC电压源。谐振电路用于将正弦波信号施加于控制栅极和电极,从而产生必要的频率(通常为13.56MHZ或27.12MHZ)和高压场。这种RF发生器150的一个例子是COSMOS ModelC10X16G4(Cosmos Electronic Machine Corporation,Farmingdale,NY)。在另一个实施例中,RF能量可通过50欧姆系统提供,该系统由波形发生器构成,该发生器将射频信号馈送至功率放大器,该功率放大器通过阻抗匹配网络连接至电极和装载物。
在图7中,示出了可以方向“D”移动的下可移动RF电极121。其呈现为处于其下位。线性运动通过线性致动器产生,该线性致动器通常为诸如气缸或伺服马达之类的设计。图7中绘出了两个气缸。气缸体141和142施加压力给导杆144和143。移动台板132和122连接至该导杆并为电极板131和121提供电绝缘台座。RF发生器150通过金属线185和184连接至电极板131和121。可以方向“C”移动的可移动上RF电极组件130以其上位示出。上成形工具133、保持器板134和加热块135全部附接至可移动RF电极板131上,并从而与其一起上下移动。粉末共混物101处于冲模台板171内。
图8为穿过同一RF工位的截面,但示出RF电极131和121施压于各自的成形工具组件133和111以既压实粉末共混物101又施加RF能量给粉末共混物101从而产生锭剂101a。在停止施加RF能量后,回缩可移动RF电极板,将转位板170、冲模台板171和下成形工具组件110转位至下一工位。
图9为穿过锭剂弹出工位160的截面图。顶出销161附接至可移动板162(可以“E”方向移动),该可移动板通过致动器组件163(例如,其可为线性伺服马达或气缸或其他合适的致动器)致动。致动器杆166连接至可移动板162。线性轴承164和导杆165为致动器板162提供刚度和支持并防止由来自作用于致动器163的弹出力所产生的破坏性边缘荷载(sideload)。泡罩包装190示出为处于冲模台板171之下。
图10为在顶出销161已推动成品锭剂101a穿过冲模台板171后的同一组件的截面。这种直接将锭剂置于泡罩中有助于防止在使用典型的装置如送料器时或通过将锭剂倾倒进输送滚筒中时可能发生的破损。
在一个实施例中,在添加可流动粉末共混物之前将润滑剂添加至成形腔。该润滑剂可以是液体或固体。合适的润滑剂包括但是不限于:固体润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁、淀粉、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸铝和硬脂酸;或液体润滑剂,例如但是不限于西甲硅油、卵磷脂、植物油、橄榄油或矿物油。在某些实施例中,以锭剂的重量计润滑剂以小于5%,例如小于2%,例如小于0.5%的百分比添加。在某些实施例中,疏水性润滑剂的存在可不利地损害锭剂的崩解或溶出特性。在一个实施例中,锭剂基本上不含疏水性润滑剂。疏水性润滑剂包括硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸铝。
射频加热锭剂坯以形成锭剂
射频加热通常指用频率为约1MHz至约100MHz的电磁场加热。在本发明的一个实施例中,RF能量在频率为约1MHz至约100MHz(例如约5MHz至50MHz,如约10MHz至约30MHz)的范围内。将RF能量用于加热无定形碳水化合物聚合物。压实程度、无定形碳水化合物聚合物的类型和量以及所用的RF能量的量可决定锭剂的硬度和/或类型。
RF能量发生器是本领域所熟知的。合适的RF发生器的例子包括但不限于COSMOS Model C10X16G4(Cosmos Electronic Machine Corporation,Farmingdale,NY)。
在一个实施例中,上成形工具和下成形工具起到电极的作用(例如,它们可操作地关联RF能量源),RF能量可通过其递送给锭剂。在一个实施例中,在至少一个RF电极(例如,成形工具)和锭剂坯之间存在直接接触。在另一个实施例中,在任何RF电极(例如,成形工具)和锭剂坯之间没有接触。在一个实施例中,当添加RF能量时RF电极与锭剂坯的表面直接接触。在另一个实施例中,在添加RF能量期间RF电极不接触(例如,距锭剂坯表面约1mm至约1cm)。
在一个实施例中,在锭剂坯形成的同时递送RF能量。在一个实施例中,一旦锭剂坯形成即递送RF能量。在一个实施例中,在已将锭剂坯从冲模移出后递送RF能量。
在一个实施例中,施加RF能量持续足够的时间以软化和熔融基本上全部(例如,至少90%,如至少95%,如全部)的锭剂坯内的无定形碳水化合物聚合物。在一个实施例中,施加RF能量持续足够的时间以软化和熔融仅锭剂坯内的无定形碳水化合物聚合物的一部分(例如少于75%,如少于50%,如少于25%),例如仅施加于锭剂坯的一部分,如锭剂坯的外部。
在本发明的备选实施例中,成形工具可被构造用于实现局部加热效果并且还可被构造用于定形在所述模具上产生的电场。图11A示出了一个这种构造。RF发生器200连接至RF电极板201和202。成形工具205和204由导电材料构造并且它们具有由电和RF能量绝缘性材料如陶瓷、Teflon、聚乙烯或高密度聚乙烯制成的附接物207和208。冲模台板203也由电和RF能量绝缘性材料构造。该构造在传导性成形工具之间产生较大距离而弱化电场,该电场有利于产生薄的锭剂而无电弧形成的风险,电弧形成将会损坏产品和工具。图11B绘出了相似的构造,但带有各自具有容纳有插入物213和212的凹槽的成形工具210和211,所述插入物由电和RF能量绝缘性材料制成。该几何形状将会产生在插入物213和212所处区域发热较少的锭剂,因为电场由于211和210的传导性部分之间的距离较大而较弱。图11C类似于图11B,仅几何形状相反使得由该构造形成的锭剂将在中心具有较大热效应,因为插入物216和217处于各自成形工具214和215的周边。图11D绘出了另一个实施例,其中冲模台板由导电性组件221和电绝缘组件222构造,电绝缘组件222由电和RF能量绝缘性材料制成。成形工具219和218是导电的,但成形工具218还含有在上成形工具218的接触锭剂坯206的表面周围的第二电绝缘组件220。该构造产生电场和相关的冲模台板的传导性部分优先的加热区。
图12A类似于图11D,不同的是在该实施例中冲模台板233完全由导电材料构造。图12B和12C绘出了两个实施例,其中冲模台板包括各自的中心部分245和254,所述中心部分为导电的,并且各自的外部部分244/246和252/253由电和RF能量绝缘性材料制成。图12B还包括在下成形工具219的表面周围的绝缘组件220。图12D是另一实施例,其中成形工具263和262由电和RF能量绝缘性材料制成。冲模台板部分264和265由电和RF能量绝缘性材料制成,但有两个各自的导电部分267和266,所述导电部分连接至RF发生器电路200。在该构造中,电场在整个锭剂坯206的水平方向上施加。
如上所述,成形工具的导电部分之间的距离对场强和加热效果具有强的影响。为了产生具有均匀加热和纹理的锭剂,等间距构造的成形工具是所需的。图13A和13B绘出了这种构造。在该实施例中,示出了波形成形工具270和273来在冲模台板271内产生具有均一外观的锭剂272。如尺度“X”所示,成形工具表面的轮廓是等距的。
图14A为其中不均匀加热用于制造锭剂282的实施例。在该实施例中,产生了具有硬区域和软区域的锭剂。成形工具280和281制备为在表面具有突起,在它们最靠近的地方(由尺度“Z”示出)产生高场强(从而导致较高加热),在它们更远离的地方(由尺度“Y”示出)产生较弱场强(从而导致较少加热)。
在一个实施例中,为了帮助减少粘性,使锭剂在成形腔内冷却以使无定形碳水化合物聚合物冷却和/或固化。所述冷却可以是被动冷却(例如,在室温下)或主动冷却(例如,冷却剂再循环冷却)。当使用冷却剂再循环时,冷却剂可任选循环通过成形工具(例如冲头或冲头台板)内部的通道和/或冲模或冲模台板内部的通道(例如,如上面图6A和6B中所论述的)。在一个实施例中,该方法使用具有多个冲模腔的冲模台板以及具有多个上下冲头的上和下冲头台板用于同时形成多粒锭剂,其中对所述台板进行主动冷却。
在一个实施例中,有单种粉末共混物形成锭剂坯,然后用RF能量对其加热。在另一个实施例中,锭剂由至少两种不同粉末共混物形成,至少一种粉末共混物为RF固化性的并且至少一种配制物不是RF固化性的。当以RF能量固化时,这种锭剂坯产生两个或更多个不同的固化区。在一个实施例中,锭剂坯的外部区域被固化,而该锭剂坯的中间未固化。通过调节RF加热的焦点和RF电极的形状,可将递送至锭剂坯的热量集中来在成品锭剂上产生定制的较软或较硬区域。
在一个实施例中,将RF能量与第二热源组合,所述第二热源包括但不限于红外加热、感应加热或对流加热。在一个实施例中,添加第二热源尤其可用于粉末共混物中存在的第二非RF可熔性粘合剂。
微波加热锭剂坯以形成锭剂
在一个实施例中,可用微波能量替代射频能量来制造锭剂。微波能量通常指用频率为约100MHz至约300GHz的电磁场加热。在本发明的一个实施例中,微波能量在约500MHz至约100GHz(例如,约1GHz至50GHz,如约1GHz至约10GHz)的频率范围内。将微波能量用于加热无定形碳水化合物聚合物。在这样一个实施例中,将微波能量源和微波电极用于用来制造剂型的机器中。
锭剂坯内的插入物
在一个实施例中,在递送能量之前将插入物掺入锭剂坯中。例子包括固体压制形式或填充有液体组合物的珠。
在一个实施例中,尼古丁化合物和/或药物活性剂为凝胶珠的形式,其为液体填充的或半固体填充的。凝胶珠作为粉末共混物的一部分添加。在一个实施例中,本发明的锭剂产品具有不要求强力压实步骤的附加优点,从而允许使用易变形的液体或半固体填充的粒子或珠,因为它们在低压压实步骤后将不会破裂。这些珠壁可含有胶凝物质如:明胶;结冷胶;黄原胶;琼脂;刺槐豆胶;角叉菜胶;聚合物或多糖例如但不限于藻酸钠、藻酸钙、羟丙甲纤维素、羟丙基纤维素和普鲁兰;聚环氧乙烷;和淀粉。珠壁还可含有增塑剂如甘油、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油三乙酸酯、柠檬酸三乙酯和柠檬酸三丁酯。药物活性剂可溶解、悬浮或分散于填料材料中,所述填料材料为例如但不限于高果糖玉米糖浆、糖、甘油、聚乙二醇、丙二醇或油,所述油为例如但不限于植物油、橄榄油或矿物油。
在一个实施例中,插入物基本上无RF吸收成分,在该情形中施加RF能量导致插入物本身没有显著加热。在其它实施例中,插入物含有多种成分并在暴露于RF能量后被加热,因而这种插入物可用于熔融/软化无定形碳水化合物聚合物。
多层锭剂
在某些实施例中,锭剂包括至少两个层,例如,具有不同类型和/或浓度的无定形碳水化合物聚合物和/或其他成分或不同浓度的药物活性剂的至少两个层。这样一个实施例在图2A-2D中示出。在一个实施例中,锭剂为双层形式;其中第一层为锭剂形式而第二层为口腔崩解片剂形式。在一个实施例中,第一层为锭剂形式且第二层为锭剂形式。在一个实施例中,锭剂形式层不含对RF起反应的材料。在一个实施例中,首先将锭剂形式层或口腔崩解片形式层压制为层,然后将粉末共混物添加至压制的锭剂形式层或压制的口腔崩解片形式层并利用RF设备给整个形式施加能量。
在一个实施例中,锭剂层或口腔崩解片形式层包含至少一种对RF加热起反应的材料,如可RF加热的可熔性粘合剂或可RF加热的糖或糖醇。在一个实施例中,将锭剂粉末共混物或口腔崩解片形式共混物添加至冲模,并使用RF设备对整个形式施加能量。在本实施例的另一种形式中,反转将锭剂粉末或口腔崩解片形式共混物添加进RF设备中的顺序。
在某些实施例中,锭剂产品包括至少两个层,这两个层的粉末共混物中具有不同类型和/或浓度的成分(例如着色剂或药物活性剂)。这类实施例可通过如下制备:顺次添加制备相应层的粉末共混物,使所述粉末共混物成形为所需的锭剂产品的坯,施加RF能量至所形成的坯。
在另一个实施例中,锭剂产品还包括非锭剂层的第二层(例如,具有口腔崩解特性的层)。在这样的实施例中,在施用这种具有另外的口腔崩解层的锭剂产品时,口腔崩解层在使用者的口中迅速崩解,留下锭剂产品供使用者吮吸。在一个这样的实施例中,口腔崩解层含有一种药物活性剂(例如止痛剂、抗组胺剂、减充血剂、镇咳剂或祛痰剂),而锭剂产品不含药物活性剂或者含有不同的药物活性剂(例如薄荷醇)。
锭剂产品的表面处理
在一个实施例中,进一步用能量(例如,对流、红外线或RF能量)处理锭剂坯和/或锭剂产品的表面以软化或熔融锭剂产品表面上的材料,然后使其冷却或允许其冷却以进一步平滑纹理、增强锭剂产品表面的光泽度、限制锭剂产品的脆碎度和/或提供用于识别的标记。在一个实施例中,使锭剂产品的表面进一步暴露于红外线能量,其中这种红外线能量的波长的大部分(至少50%,如至少90%,如至少99%)为约0.5至约5微米,如约0.8至约3.5微米(例如,通过使用滤波器)。在一个实施例中,该红外线能量源为带有抛物面反射器(例如用于强化能量)和除去不需要的频率的滤波器的石英灯。这种红外线能量源的例子包括SPOT IR 4150(可从Research,Inc.(Eden Prairie,MN)商购获得)。
表面光泽度
在一个实施例中,当使用可得自TriCor Systems Inc.(Elgin,IL)的Tri-Cor 805A/806H型表面分析系统,按照“TriCor系统WGLOSS 3.4805A/806H型表面分析系统参考手册(TriCor Systems WGLOSS 3.4 Model805A/806H Surface Analysis System Reference Manual)(1996)(将其以引用方式并入本文)中所述的方法进行测试时,所述锭剂产品具有至少250个光泽度单位,例如至少300个光泽度单位的光泽度(在下文中为“光泽度单位”)。
锭剂产品的用途
在一个实施例中,锭剂产品不含尼古丁化合物或药物活性剂,仅被使用者用作糖果。在一个实施例中,本发明描述了治疗疾病的方法,该方法包括经口施用上述锭剂产品,其中所述锭剂产品包含可有效治疗所述疾病的一定量的尼古丁化合物和/或药物活性剂。此类疾病的例子包括但不限于:疼痛(如头痛、偏头痛、咽喉痛、绞痛、背痛和肌痛)、发烧、炎症、上呼吸道障碍(如咳嗽和充血)、感染(如细菌和病毒感染)、抑郁症、糖尿病、肥胖症、心血管障碍(如高胆固醇、高三甘油酯和高血压)、胃肠障碍(如恶心、痢疾、过敏性肠综合征和气胀)、睡眠障碍、骨质疏松和尼古丁和/或烟草依赖。
在此实施例中,“单位剂量”通常附有给药说明,该说明指导患者根据例如该患者的年龄或体重服用一定量的药物活性剂,该量可以是多个该单位剂量。通常,单位剂量体积将含有对最小的患者而言在治疗上有效的量的药物活性剂。例如,合适的单位剂量体积可包括一粒锭剂产品。
实例
本发明的具体实施例通过以下实例来展示。本发明并不受限于这些实例中所示出的具体限制。
实例1.安慰剂锭剂产品的制备
表1中的锭剂产品制备如下。将三氯蔗糖、胡椒薄荷风味剂和聚葡萄糖手动通过50目筛网。将上述混合物置于塑料瓶中,颠倒混合大约三分钟,然后倒出。然后将该粉末共混物单独定量至具有直径1/2英寸的腔的电绝缘特氟隆冲模台板中。将1mm厚的特氟隆圆盘置于粉末共混物和金属成形工具之间以帮助防止形成弧。然后以约60psi的压力将该粉末共混物在上下金属成形工具之间填压。然后将该成形工具、冲模台板和锭剂坯置于上RF电极和下RF电极之间,所述电极由使用COSMOS ModelC10X16G4(Cosmos Electronic Machine Corporation,Farmingdale,NY)RF发生器的RF加热单元供给能量,该RF发生器输出功率为4KW、频率为27MHz,并且将真空电容器设定为140。用温度为57℃的循环水加热该成形工具。使上RF电极与上成形工具接触,下RF电极与下成形工具接触。给RF加热单元供电5-15秒。然后用下成形工具将所得的锭剂产品从冲模台板弹出。
表1
材料 | 克/批 | mg/锭剂 | 重量% |
三氯蔗糖 | 0.063 | 5.25 | 0.50 |
胡椒薄荷风味剂1 | 0.126 | 10.50 | 1.00 |
聚葡萄糖2 | 12.411 | 1034.25 | 98.50 |
总计 | 12.600 | 1050.00 | 100.0 |
1:可从Virginia Dare(Brooklyn,NY)商购获得
2:可从Danisco(Ardsley,NY)商购获得
实例2:包衣掩味右美沙芬的制备
部分A:分层活性成分的制备
制备含有如下成分的水溶液:氢溴酸右美沙芬(20.0%);聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(K29/32级)(1.0%);和纯化水(79.0%)。将1.96kg微晶纤维素(AvicelPH 200级,可从FMC Corporation商购获得)装入配有转子(切喷)附件的流化床包衣机(Glatt GPCG 5/9型)。将微晶纤维素在36℃下以空气流进行流化处理,将上述右美沙芬溶液以80g/分钟的速率喷出直至以分层粒子的重量计,微晶纤维素含有大约40重量%的氢溴酸右美沙芬HBr。
部分B:包衣活性成分的制备
在丙酮中以约12%固形物的水平制备含有醋酸纤维素398-10(可从Eastman Chemical商购获得)和Eudragit E-100(可从Rohm Pharma商购获得)的包衣溶液(总溶液重量等于10.7kg),醋酸纤维素∶Eudragit的比例为80∶20。
将3.0kg的一部分部分A中制备的粒子装入转子流化床包衣设备(Glatt GPCG 5/9型)中。将该药物分层粒子在36℃下流化,将聚合物溶液以40g/分钟的速率喷出直至药物粒子含有大约20重量%的聚合物包衣。
实例3:含有包衣右美沙芬的锭剂产品的制备
表2的锭剂制备如下。将三氯蔗糖、胡椒薄荷风味剂和聚葡萄糖手动通过50目筛网。将上述混合物与来自实例2的包衣右美沙芬混合并置于塑料瓶中,颠倒混合大约三分钟,然后倒出。然后将该粉末共混物置于成形腔中,填压,并如实例1中所述用RF能量活化以形成锭剂,然后从冲模台板移出。
表2
材料 | 克/批 | mg/锭剂 | 重量% |
三氯蔗糖 | 0.46 | 5.25 | 0.46 |
包衣右美沙芬(32%)* | 7.93 | 90.45 | 7.93 |
胡椒薄荷风味剂1 | 0.92 | 10.50 | 0.92 |
聚葡萄糖2 | 90.69 | 1034.25 | 90.69 |
总计 | 100.0 | 1140.45 | 100.0 |
1:可从Virginia Dare(Brooklyn,NY)商购获得
2:可从Danisco(Ardsley,NY)商购获得
实例4:含薄荷醇的锭剂产品的制备
表3的锭剂制备如下。将三氯蔗糖、胡椒薄荷风味剂和聚葡萄糖手动通过50目筛网。将上述混合物与薄荷醇混合并置于塑料瓶中,颠倒混合大约三分钟,然后倒出。然后将该粉末共混物置于成形腔中,填压,并如实例1中所述用RF能量活化以形成锭剂,然后从冲模台板移出。
表3
材料 | 克/批 | mg/锭剂 | 重量% |
三氯蔗糖 | 0.49 | 5.25 | 0.49 |
薄荷醇 | 1.13 | 12.00 | 1.13 |
胡椒薄荷风味剂1 | 0.99 | 10.50 | 0.99 |
聚葡萄糖2 | 97.39 | 1034.25 | 97.39 |
总计 | 100.0 | 1062.00 | 100.0 |
1:可从Virginia Dare(Brooklyn,NY)商购获得
2:可从Danisco(Ardsley,NY)商购获得
实例5:含二水合重酒石酸尼古丁的锭剂产品的制备
表4的锭剂制备如下。将三氯蔗糖、胡椒薄荷风味剂和聚葡萄糖手动通过50目筛网。将上述混合物与二水合重酒石酸尼古丁和L-精氨酸混合并置于塑料瓶中,颠倒混合大约三分钟,然后倒出。然后将该粉末共混物置于成形腔中,填压,并如实例1中所述用RF能量活化以形成锭剂,然后从冲模台板移出。
表4
材料 | 克/批 | mg/锭剂 | 重量% |
三氯蔗糖 | 0.49 | 5.25 | 0.49 |
二水合重酒石酸尼古丁(32.55%尼古丁) | 0.29 | 3.08* | 0.29 |
L-精氨酸 | 2.01 | 21.6 | 2.01 |
胡椒薄荷风味剂1 | 0.98 | 10.50 | 0.98 |
聚葡萄糖2 | 96.24 | 1034.25 | 96.24 |
总计 | 100.0 | 1074.68 | 100.0 |
1:可从Virginia Dare(Brooklyn,NY)商购获得
2:可从Danisco(Ardsley,NY)商购获得
*相当于1.0mg剂量的尼古丁
实例6:含尼古丁树脂复合物的锭剂产品的制备
表5的锭剂制备如下。将三氯蔗糖、胡椒薄荷风味剂和聚葡萄糖手动通过50目筛网。将上述混合物与尼古丁树脂复合物及氨基丁三醇混合并置于塑料瓶中,颠倒混合大约三分钟,然后倒出。然后将该粉末共混物置于成形腔中,填压,并如实例1中所述用RF能量活化以形成锭剂,然后从冲模台板移出。
表5
材料 | 克/批 | mg/锭剂 | 重量% |
三氯蔗糖 | 0.50 | 5.25 | 0.50 |
尼古丁树脂复合物(20%尼古丁) | 0.24 | 2.50* | 0.24 |
氨基丁三醇 | 0.71 | 7.5 | 0.71 |
胡椒薄荷风味剂1 | 0.99 | 10.50 | 0.99 |
聚葡萄糖2 | 97.57 | 1034.25 | 97.57 |
总计 | 100.0 | 1060.00 | 100.0 |
1:可从Virginia Dare(Brooklyn,NY)商购获得
2:可从Danisco(Ardsley,NY)商购获得
*相当于0.5mg剂量的尼古丁
实例7:具有口腔崩解层的双层锭剂产品的制造
部分A:含氯雷他定的粉末共混物的制备
含有表6成分的用于口腔崩解层的氯雷他定粉末共混物制备如下:
表6
成分 | 克/批 | Mg/层 |
一水右旋糖 | 45.18 | 120 |
氯雷他定 | 3.765 | 10 |
聚乙二醇4000 | 24.475 | 65 |
麦芽糖糊精 | 15.062 | 40 |
红色着色剂 | 0.028 | 0.075 |
西甲硅油DC100 | 5.648 | 15 |
三氯蔗糖USP | 1.13 | 3 |
聚环氧乙烷 | 1.883 | 5 |
薄荷风味剂 | 2.824 | 7.5 |
总计 | 100 | 265.58 |
首先,将三氯蔗糖、着色剂和风味剂一起置于500cc可密封塑料瓶中。然后将该混合物手动颠倒共混大约2分钟。然后将所得的混合物、一水右旋糖、氯雷他定和聚环氧乙烷添加至另一500cc可密封塑料瓶并手动颠倒混合大约5分钟。然后将所得的混合物添加至行星碗形混合机,添加西甲硅油DC100并混合大约3分钟。最后,将聚乙二醇4000和麦芽糖糊精添加至该混合物并混合大约3分钟。
部分B:口腔崩解片和锭剂双层剂型的制造
将来自实例4的1062mg粉末共混物的一部分(265.58mg)置于非传导性的冲模台板(直径为大约1/2英寸)中。然后将粉末共混物置于成形腔内,填压并如实例1所述用RF能活化(但是使RF加热装置通电15秒)。然后移出上成形工具并加入265.58mg来自实例7(a)的含氯雷他定的共混物。使成形工具重新插入成形腔,然后将RF加热装置另外通电2秒。使用下成形工具将所得的最终双层剂型从冲模中弹出。
实例8:使用氢化淀粉水解产物制备尼古丁锭剂
表7的锭剂制备如下。将三氯蔗糖、胡椒薄荷风味剂和氢化淀粉水解产物手动通过50目筛网。然后将上述混合物与尼古丁树脂复合物及其余材料混合并置于塑料瓶中,颠倒混合大约三分钟,然后倒出。然后将该粉末共混物置于成形腔中,填压,并如实例1中所述用RF能量活化以形成锭剂,然后从冲模台板移出。
表7
材料 | 克/批 | mg/锭剂 | 重量% |
氢化淀粉水解产物1 | 190.90 | 954.50 | 94.45 |
碳酸氢钠USP | 0.50 | 2.50 | 0.25 |
无水碳酸钠 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 0.50 |
尼古丁树脂复合物(20%尼古丁) | 2.20 | 11.00* | 1.10 |
乙酰舒泛钾E950型D3 | 0.40 | 2.00 | 0.20 |
胡椒薄荷风味剂1 | 4.00 | 20.00 | 2.00 |
微粉化的三氯蔗糖 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 0.50 |
总计 | 200.0 | 1060.00 | 100.0 |
1:可作为Stabilite PD30Polyglycitol(HSH)商购获得,得自Corn Products Company(Westchester,IL,USA)
2:可从Virginia Dare(Brooklyn,NY)商购获得
3:可从Nutrinova Company(Frankfurt,Germany)商购获得
*:相当于2mg剂量的尼古丁
应当了解,虽然已结合本发明的具体实施方式描述了本发明,但是前述描述旨在说明而非限制由随附权利要求书所限定的本发明的范围。其他方面、优点和修改均在权利要求书内。
Claims (21)
1.一种用于制备锭剂产品的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:使包含无定形碳水化合物聚合物的粉末共混物成形为所需的所述锭剂产品的坯,以及施加射频能量至所述坯持续足以软化或熔融所述无定形碳水化合物聚合物的一段时间,以使所述坯熔凝成所述锭剂产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中将所述粉末共混物在冲模中压实。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中将所述射频能量施加至所述冲模内的所述坯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述射频能量具有约1MHz至100MHz的频率。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述无定形碳水化合物聚合物选自聚葡萄糖、低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、低聚麦芽糖、低聚异麦芽糖和氢化淀粉水解产物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述粉末共混物包含尼古丁或其盐。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述粉末共混物包含药物活性剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述粉末共混物包含去氧肾上腺素、右美沙芬、伪麻黄碱、扑尔敏、美索巴莫、氯苯达诺、抗坏血酸、薄荷醇、果胶、达克罗宁和苯佐卡因以及它们的可药用盐。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述粉末共混物包含约50重量%至约99.9重量%的所述无定形碳水化合物聚合物。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述锭剂产品具有至少250个光泽度单位的光泽度。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述方法还包括将第二粉末共混物添加至所述成形腔,其中所述第二粉末共混物不同于所述粉末共混物。
12.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述方法包括如下步骤:
(i)将所述粉末共混物引入所述冲模台板内的成形腔中;
(ii)通过以足够的力将至少一个成形工具引入所述冲模台板中来压实所述粉末共混物,使得所述锭剂产品的所述坯得以形成;
(iii)施加所述射频能量至所述成形腔内的所述坯,以形成所述锭剂产品;以及
(iv)从所述成形腔移出所述锭剂产品。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述方法还包括在从所述冲模移出所述锭剂之前使所述冲模中的所述锭剂产品冷却的步骤。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述至少一个所述成形工具发射所述射频能量至所述坯。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述冲模台板发射所述射频能量至所述坯。
16.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中用上成形工具和下成形工具压实所述粉末共混物,并且所述上成形工具或下成形工具中的至少一者发射所述射频能量至所述坯。
17.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述方法还包括在所述施加射频能量至坯的步骤之前将第二粉末共混物添加至所述成形腔,其中所述第二粉末共混物不同于所述粉末共混物。
18.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中使所述锭剂产品的表面进一步暴露于红外线能量,其中所述红外线能量的波长的大部分为约0.5至约5微米。
19.一种锭剂产品,所述锭剂产品通过根据权利要求1所述的方法制造。
20.根据权利要求19所述的锭剂产品,其中所述锭剂产品包含尼古丁或其盐。
21.一种治疗尼古丁或烟草依赖的方法,所述方法包括给需要这种治疗的患者施用根据权利要求20所述的锭剂产品。
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PCT/US2010/049964 WO2011038094A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | Manufacture of lozenge product with radiofrequency |
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CN2010800539125A Pending CN102639119A (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 具有即释区和缓释区的片剂的制备 |
CN201080053917.8A Expired - Fee Related CN102639121B (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 可口腔转化的片剂 |
CN201510464891.0A Pending CN105055349A (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 可口腔转化的片剂 |
CN201080053911.0A Expired - Fee Related CN102762197B (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 利用射频制造口香糖产品 |
CN201080051588.3A Expired - Fee Related CN102665692B (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 利用射频能量和可熔性粘合剂在冲模中制造片剂 |
CN201080051583.0A Expired - Fee Related CN102639110B (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 利用含有含水材料的粉末共混物在冲模中制造片剂 |
CN201080053915.9A Expired - Fee Related CN102639120B (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 用射频制造锭剂产品 |
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CN2010800539125A Pending CN102639119A (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 具有即释区和缓释区的片剂的制备 |
CN201080053917.8A Expired - Fee Related CN102639121B (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 可口腔转化的片剂 |
CN201510464891.0A Pending CN105055349A (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 可口腔转化的片剂 |
CN201080053911.0A Expired - Fee Related CN102762197B (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 利用射频制造口香糖产品 |
CN201080051588.3A Expired - Fee Related CN102665692B (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 利用射频能量和可熔性粘合剂在冲模中制造片剂 |
CN201080051583.0A Expired - Fee Related CN102639110B (zh) | 2009-09-24 | 2010-09-23 | 利用含有含水材料的粉末共混物在冲模中制造片剂 |
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