CN102519187B - 用于校核带有变速压缩机的制冷系统的参数的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于校核带有变速压缩机的制冷系统的参数的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN102519187B
CN102519187B CN201110371859.XA CN201110371859A CN102519187B CN 102519187 B CN102519187 B CN 102519187B CN 201110371859 A CN201110371859 A CN 201110371859A CN 102519187 B CN102519187 B CN 102519187B
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丹尼尔·L·麦克斯威尼
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    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B13/00Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
    • G05B13/02Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
    • G05B13/0205Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric not using a model or a simulator of the controlled system
    • G05B13/024Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric not using a model or a simulator of the controlled system in which a parameter or coefficient is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/025Motor control arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
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    • F25B2500/19Calculation of parameters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25B2600/021Inverters therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/15Power, e.g. by voltage or current
    • F25B2700/151Power, e.g. by voltage or current of the compressor motor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21152Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
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    • F25B2700/2116Temperatures of a condenser
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117Temperatures of an evaporator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

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Abstract

提供了一种用于校核具有变速压缩机的制冷系统的参数的系统和方法。压缩机连接于冷凝器和蒸发器。冷凝器传感器输出冷凝器信号,所述冷凝器信号对应于感测的冷凝器压力和感测的冷凝器温度中的至少一个。变频驱动器调制输送至所述压缩机的电功率的频率以调制所述压缩机的速度。控制模块连接于所述变频驱动器并基于所述冷凝器信号确定测量的冷凝器温度,监测来自所述变频驱动器的电功率数据和压缩机速度数据,基于所述电功率数据、所述压缩机速度数据以及用于所述压缩机的压缩机特性图数据而计算出导出的冷凝器温度,将所述测量的冷凝器温度与所述导出的冷凝器温度进行比较,并基于所述比较更新所述压缩机特性图数据。

Description

用于校核带有变速压缩机的制冷系统的参数的系统和方法
本申请是申请日为2008年10月8日、国家申请号为200880110551.6、名称为“用于校核带有变速压缩机的制冷系统的参数的系统和方法”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉参引
本申请要求2008年10月7日提交的美国发明申请No.12/470,001以及2007年10月8日提交的美国临时申请No.60/978,292的权益。本申请还要求2007年10月8日提交的美国临时申请No.60/978,258的权益。以上每个申请的全部公开内容在此通过参引而并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及压缩机,并且更具体地,涉及一种用于校核带有变速压缩机的制冷系统的参数的系统和方法。
背景技术
本节中的陈述仅提供涉及本公开的背景信息,可能并不构成现有技术。
压缩机可用在各种各样的工业应用和住宅应用中,用于使制冷剂在冰箱、热泵、供暖通风与空调或制冷机系统(通常称为“制冷系统”)中循环以提供期望的加热或冷却效果。在前述任一应用中,压缩机应当提供一致而有效的操作来确保具体应用(即,冰箱、热泵、采暖通风与空调或制冷机系统)正常运行。可使用变速压缩机以根据制冷系统的负载来改变压缩机容量。保护、控制和诊断系统可利用压缩机和制冷系统的操作参数来确保压缩机和制冷系统部件的最适宜的操作。例如,可利用蒸发器温度和/或冷凝器温度来诊断、保护和控制压缩机和其它制冷系统部件。
发明内容
提供了一种系统,包括:压缩机,其连接于冷凝器和蒸发器;冷凝器传感器,其输出冷凝器信号,所述冷凝器信号对应于感测的冷凝器压力和感测的冷凝器温度中的至少一个;变频驱动器,其调制输送至所述压缩机的电功率的频率以调制所述压缩机的速度;连接于所述变频驱动器的控制模块,其基于所述冷凝器信号确定测量的冷凝器温度,监测来自所述变频驱动器的电功率数据和压缩机速度数据,计算出基于所述电功率数据、所述压缩机速度数据以及用于所述压缩机的压缩机特性图数据而计算出导出的冷凝器温度,将所述测量的冷凝器温度与所述导出的冷凝器温度进行比较,并基于所述比较选择性地更新所述压缩机特性图数据。
在其它特征中,所述控制模块可计算所述导出的冷凝器温度与所述计算的冷凝器温度之间的差值,将所述差值与预定的阈值进行比较,并且当所述差值大于所述预定的阈值时选择所述导出的冷凝器温度和所述计算的冷凝器温度中的一个作为较准确的。
在其它特征中,当所述差值大于所述预定的阈值时,所述控制模块可产生警报。
提供了一种方法,包括:接收冷凝器信号,所述冷凝器信号对应于冷凝器的冷凝器温度和冷凝器压力中的至少一个,所述冷凝器连接于压缩机和蒸发器;利用变频驱动器调制所述压缩机的速度,所述变频驱动器构造成调制输送到所述压缩机的电功率的频率;从所述变频驱动器接收电功率数据和压缩机速度数据;基于所述电功率数据、所述压缩机速度数据以及与所述压缩机相关联的压缩机特性图数据来计算导出的冷凝器温度;基于所述冷凝器信号确定测量的冷凝器温度;将所述导出的冷凝器温度与所述测量的冷凝器温度进行比较;以及基于所述比较选择性地更新所述压缩机特性图数据。
在其它特征中,所述方法可包括:计算所述导出的冷凝器温度和所述计算的冷凝器温度之间的差值,将所述差值与预定的阈值进行比较,以及当所述差值大于所述预定的阈值时选择所述导出的冷凝器温度和所述计算的冷凝器温度中的一个作为较准确的。
在其它特征中,所述方法可包括:当所述差值大于所述预定的阈值时产生警报。
提供了另一种系统,包括:压缩机,其连接于冷凝器和蒸发器;蒸发器传感器,其输出蒸发器信号,所述蒸发器信号对应于感测的蒸发器压力和感测的蒸发器温度中的至少一个;排出温度传感器,其输出排出温度信号,所述排出温度信号对应于离开所述压缩机的制冷剂的温度;变频驱动器,其调制输送到所述压缩机的电功率的频率以调制所述压缩机的速度;连接于所述变频驱动器的控制模块,其基于所述蒸发器信号确定测量的蒸发器温度,监测来自所述变频驱动器的电功率数据和压缩机速度数据,计算出基于所述电功率数据、所述压缩机速度数据、所述排出温度信号以及用于所述压缩机的压缩机特性图数据而计算出导出的蒸发器温度,以及将所述测量的冷凝器温度与所述导出的冷凝器温度进行比较并基于所述比较选择性地更新所述压缩机特性图数据。
在其它特征中,所述控制模块可计算所述导出的蒸发器温度与所述计算的蒸发器温度之间的差值,将所述差值与预定的阈值进行比较,并且当所述差值大于所述预定的阈值时选择所述导出的蒸发器温度和所述计算的蒸发器温度中的一个作为较准确的。
在其它特征中,当所述差值大于所述预定的阈值时,所述控制模块可产生警报。
从本文提供的描述,其它应用领域将变得显而易见。应当理解,这些描述及具体示例仅用于说明的目的而非意在限制本公开的范围。
附图说明
此处所描述的附图仅出于图示的目的,而并非意在以任何方式限制本公开的范围。
图1是制冷系统的示意图。
图2是示出校核冷凝器温度的算法的流程图。
图3是制冷系统的示意图。
图4是示出校核蒸发器温度的算法的流程图。
图5是示出与吸入过热度和室外温度相关的排出过热度的图。
图6是示出与压缩机功率和压缩机速度相关的冷凝器温度的图。
图7是示出制冷系统的导出数据的流程图。
图8是压缩机的横截面图。
具体实施方式
以下描述本质上仅是示例性的,而并非意图限制本公开、应用或用途。应当理解,附图中自始至终相应的附图标记指代相同或相应的部件和特征。
如本文所使用的,术语“模块”、“控制模块”以及“控制器”指的是以下各项中的一个或多个:专用集成电路(ASIC)、电子电路、执行一个或多个软件程序或固件程序的处理器(共享的、专用的、或群机的)和存储器、组合逻辑电路、或提供所述功能的其它适合的部件。如本文所使用的,计算机可读介质指的是能够存储计算机用数据的任何介质。计算机可读介质包括但不限于:内存、RAM、ROM、PROM、EPROM、EEPROM、闪存、CD-ROM、软盘、磁带、其它磁性介质、光学介质、或者能够存储计算机用数据的任何其它设备或介质。
参见图1,示例性制冷系统5包括压缩制冷剂蒸气的压缩机10。尽管图1中示出特定制冷系统,但是本教示可应用于任何制冷系统,包括热泵系统、采暖通风与空调(HVAC)、和制冷机系统。来自压缩机10的制冷剂蒸气被输送至冷凝器12,在此制冷剂蒸气在高压下液化,从而将热量排放到外部空气。离开冷凝器12的液态制冷剂经膨胀阀14输送到蒸发器16。膨胀阀14可为用于控制制冷剂过热度的机械或电子阀。制冷剂通过膨胀阀14,在此压力下降使高压液态制冷剂成为液体和蒸气的低压混合物。当热空气穿过蒸发器16时,低压液体变成气体,由此从蒸发器16带走热量。低压气体再被输送到压缩机10,在此被压缩成高压气体并被输送到冷凝器12,从而再次开始制冷循环。
压缩机10可由变频驱动器22驱动,变频驱动器22又称为变频器(VFD),容置在机壳20中。机壳20可靠近压缩机10。变频驱动器22从电源18接收电功率并将电功率输送至压缩机10。变频驱动器22包括控制模块25,控制模块25具有可操作成调制和控制输送到压缩机10的电动马达的电功率的频率的软件和处理器。控制模块25包括用于存储数据的计算机可读介质,所述数据包括由处理器执行以调制和控制输送到压缩机电动马达的电功率的频率的软件、和控制模块25执行和实现本教示的保护和控制算法所必需的软件。通过调制输送到压缩机10的电动马达的电功率的频率,控制模块25可由此调制和控制压缩机10的速度进而容量。
变频驱动器22包括固态电子装置以调制电功率频率。通常,变频驱动器22将输入的电功率从交流电(AC)转换成直流电(DC),再将电功率从直流电转回成期望频率的交流电。例如,变频驱动器22可通过全波整流电桥直接整流电功率。然后,变频驱动器22可利用绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT’s)或晶闸管对电功率进行斩波(chop)来实现期望的电功率。可使用其它适合的电子部件来调制来自电源18的电功率的频率。
压缩机10的电动马达速度由从变频驱动器22接收的电功率的频率控制。例如,当以60赫兹的电功率驱动压缩机10时,压缩机10可以以全容量工作。当以30赫兹的电功率驱动压缩机10时,压缩机10可以以半容量工作。
在执行以对输送到压缩机10的电动马达的电功率进行调制的程序期间,控制模块25可产生对应于压缩机电流和/或压缩机功率的数据。控制模块25可利用对应于压缩机电流和/或压缩机功率的数据来计算和导出压缩机和制冷系统的其它参数。
如在题为“VARIABLE SPEED COMPRESSOR PROTECTIONSYSTEM AND METHOF(变速压缩机保护系统及方法)”的美国申请系列号No.60/978,258的公开文本——其全文在此通过参引而并入——中描述的,吸入过热度(SSH)和排出过热度(DSH)可用于监测或预测压缩机10的回液状态或过热状态。如在此描述的,冷凝器温度(Tcond)可用于导出DSH。同样,蒸发器温度(Tevap)可用于导出SSH。
压缩机回液或过热状态是不期望的并且可能导致损坏压缩机10或其它制冷系统部件。吸入过热度(SSH)和/或排出过热度(DSH)可能与压缩机10的回液或过热状态相关并且可以进行监测以检测和/或预测压缩机10的回液或过热状态。DSH是离开压缩机的制冷剂蒸气的温度(称为排出管路温度(DLT))与冷凝器饱和温度(Tcond)之差。吸入过热度(SSH)是进入压缩机的制冷剂蒸气的温度(称为吸入管路温度(SLT))与蒸发器饱和温度(Tevap)之差。
SSH和DSH可以是相关的,如图5所示。对于涡旋式压缩机而言,DSH和SSH之间的相关关系可特别精确,而外部环境温度仅为次要影响。如图5所示,示出了对于室外温度(ODT)为115华氏度、95华氏度、75华氏度以及55华氏度的DSH和SSH之间的相关关系。图5中所示的相关关系仅是示例性的,并且特定压缩机的特定相关关系会因压缩机类型、型号以及容量等而变化。
当SSH接近0度或当DSH接近20到40华氏度时,可能出现回液状态。为此,可用DSH来检测回液状态的开始及其严重度。当SSH为0度时,SSH可不指示回液状态的严重度。随着回液状态变得更加严重,SSH保持大约0度。然而,当SSH为0度时,DSH可在20与40华氏度之间并且可以更准确地指示回液状态的严重度。当DSH在30华氏度到80华氏度的范围内时,压缩机10可在正常范围内运行。当DSH低于30华氏度时,可能开始出现回液状态。当DSH低于10华氏度时,可能出现严重的回液状态。
就过热而言,当DSH大于80华氏度时,可能开始出现过热状态。当DSH大于100华氏度时,可能存在严重的过热状态。
在图5中,示出了对于示例性制冷剂充料程度的典型的SSH温度。例如,随着制冷系统5中的制冷剂充料百分比下降,SSH通常增大。
如在题为“VARIABLE SPEED COMPRESSOR PROTECTIONSYSTEM AND METHOD(变速压缩机保护系统及方法)”的美国申请系列号No.60/978,258的公开文本——其全文在此通过参引而并入——中进一步描述的,Tcond可以是压缩机功率和压缩机速度的函数。控制模块25可基于压缩机功率或电流以及压缩机速度来导出Tcond。如在所述公开文本中进一步描述的,控制模块25可利用Tcond来导出其它参数,其中包括压缩机容量、功率、能效比、负载以及每日电功率需求(Kwh/Day)等。
Tcond可由其它系统参数导出。具体地,Tcond可从压缩机电流和电压(即,压缩机功率)、压缩机速度以及与压缩机10相关联的压缩机特性图数据中导出。在共同受让的用于压缩机诊断和保护系统的专利,即美国申请号No.11/059,646、公开号No.U.S.2005/0235660中描述了一种用于基于电流、电压和用于定速压缩机的压缩机特性图数据来导出Tcond的方法和系统。将压缩机电流和电压与Tcond相关连的用于定速压缩机的压缩机特性图数据可以是压缩机特有的,并且基于对于特定压缩机的类型、型号以及容量的试验数据。
在变速压缩机的情况下,除压缩机功率之外,Tcond还可以是压缩机速度的函数。
图6中示出了以瓦特为单位的压缩机功率与压缩机速度之间的图形化相关关系。如图示,Tcond是压缩机功率和压缩机速度的函数。通过这种方式,可基于试验数据导出用于特定压缩机的、具有使压缩机功率、压缩机速度与Tcond相关连的数据的三维压缩机特性图。可用压缩机电流替代压缩机功率。然而,压缩机功率较压缩机电流可以是优选的,以减小任何线路电压变化的影响。压缩机图可储存在控制模块25可用的计算机可读介质中。
通过这种方式,控制模块25可基于压缩机功率数据和压缩机速度数据来计算Tcond。在进行计算以将来自电源18的电功率转换成期望频率的电功率的过程中,控制模块25可计算、监测或检测压缩机功率数据。通过这种方式,控制模块25可容易地获得压缩机功率和电流数据。另外,控制模块25可基于输送到压缩机10电动马达的电功率的频率来计算、监测或检测压缩机速度。通过这种方式,控制模块25也可容易地获得压缩机速度数据。基于压缩机功率和压缩机速度,控制模块25可导出Tcond。
在测量或计算Tcond之后,控制模块25可计算作为Tcond和DLT之间的差值的DSH,其中DLT数据从外部DLT传感器28或内部DLT传感器30(如图8所示)接收。
如在题为“VARIABLE SPEED COMPRESSOR PROTECTIONSYSTEM AND METHOD(变速压缩机保护系统及方法)”的美国申请系列号No.60/978,258的公开文本——其全文在此通过参引而并入——中进一步描述的,Tevap可以是压缩机功率、压缩机速度和DLT的函数。控制模块25可基于压缩机功率或电流、压缩机速度和DLT来导出Tevap。控制模块25可利用Tevap来导出其它参数,其中包括压缩机容量、功率、能效比、负载和每日电功率需求(Kwh/Day)等。
可以利用基于DLT和压缩机功率的、关于不同速度的压缩机特性图数据基于以下方程来确定Tevap和Tcond:
方程1:Tevap=f(压缩机功率;压缩机速度;DLT)
方程2:Tcond=f(压缩机功率;压缩机速度;DLT)
因为Tevap可由质量流量、Tcond和压缩机速度计算出来,因此控制模块25可从进入冷板15的吸入气体的温度(Ts)与位于变频驱动器22上或靠近变频驱动器22的热沉的温度(Ti)之间的差值导出质量流量。控制模块25可根据以下方程计算ΔT:
方程3:ΔT=Ts-Ti
控制模块25可基于ΔT并通过确定变频驱动器22的施加热量来确定质量流量。如图7所示,可基于变频驱动器22的损失热量和ΔT来导出质量流量。
参见图7,输入项包括压缩机速度(转数,RPM)120、压缩机电流122、压缩机电压124、压缩机功率因数126、Ti128以及Ts130。从压缩机电流122、压缩机电压124以及功率因数126导出压缩机功率132。从温度Ti128和Ts130导出ΔT134。从RPM120和功率,导出Tcond136。还从RPM120和功率132导出变频器热损失138。从变频器热损失和ΔT,导出质量流量140。从RPM120、Tcond 136和质量流量140导出Tevap142。从Tevap142和Ts130导出SSH144。从SSH144和由环境温度传感器29感测到的环境温度,导出DSH146。一旦导出DSH146,则可获得上述算法的所有益处,包括保护压缩机10免于回液和过热状态。
如由虚线141所示,可以迭代计算Tcond和Tevap以更精确地导出Tcond和Tevap。例如,通过三次迭代可获得最佳收敛。还可采用更多或更少的迭代。进一步地,图7中所描述的任何算出或导出的变量都可替代地直接感测或测量到。如此一来,可基于感测或测量到的数据来计算或导出其余变量。
DLT数据由外部DLT传感器28接收。DLT传感器28可为位于从压缩机10延伸的排出管上的热电偶。来自DLT传感器28的DLT数据可对应于压缩机排气温度。可替代地,可使用包埋在压缩机10内的内部DLT传感器30(如图8所示)。换言之,DLT传感器30可结合在压缩机10内部。在涡旋压缩机的情况下,DLT传感器30可以是暴露于从压缩机构排出的气体且安装在定涡旋上的热敏电阻。热敏电阻可以是正温度系数(PTC)或负温度系数(NTC)热敏电阻。图8中示出了标记为元件30的、安装在压缩机10的定涡旋上的内部DLT传感器。
除由压缩机功率和压缩机速度来导出Tcond或Tevap之外,还可以用传感器直接测量Tcond或Tevap。可将导出的Tcond或Tevap与测量的Tcond或Tevap相比较。基于比较结果,控制模块25可根据测量的参数校核导出的参数,以更准确地确定实际的Tcond或Tevap。
参见图1,冷凝器12包括冷凝器温度传感器42,其产生对应于Tcond的信号。冷凝器温度传感器42连接于控制模块25。通过这种方式,控制模块25从冷凝器温度传感器42接收Tcond测量值。可替代地,可使用冷凝器压力传感器替代冷凝器温度传感器42。
如图2所示,用于校核Tcond的算法开始于步骤300。在步骤302,冷凝器温度传感器42可测量Tcond并将Tcond通信到控制模块25。在步骤304,控制模块25可由来自变频驱动器22的压缩机功率和压缩机速度数据来计算Tcond,如以上以及在题为“VARIABLE SPEEDCOMPRESSOR PROTECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD(变速压缩机保护系统及方法)”的美国申请系列号No.60/978,258的公开文本——其全文在此通过参引而并入——中所述那样。
在步骤306,控制模块25可将感测的Tcond与计算的Tcond进行比较。在步骤308,控制模块25可确定感测的Tcond与计算的Tcond之间的差值。当在步骤308中该差值小于预定阈值时,控制模块25可进行到步骤310。在步骤310,控制模块25可用测量的Tcond校核计算的Tcond。
校核可包括更新压缩机特性图数据以更准确地反映测量的Tcond。通过这种方式,经过一段时间控制模块25可“学到”更准确的用于压缩机的压缩机特性图数据,进而能够更准确地导出Tcond。压缩机特性图数据可存储在控制模块25可用的计算机可读介质中。另外,校核可包括确定冷凝器温度传感器42的误差参数。
因此,通过测量Tcond、计算Tcond以及测量值与计算值的对比核查,控制模块25可以高精度地确定实际Tcond。算法在步骤312结束。
在步骤308,当差值大于预定阈值时,控制模块25可进行到步骤314并确定是测量的Tcond还是计算的Tcond使用更准确。控制模块25可将每个测量值和计算值与Tcond的历史数据比较,以确定哪一个更接近于历史Tcond。通过这种方式,控制模块25可确定测量值和计算值哪个是正确的以便后续使用。
然后,在步骤316,控制模块可将更准确的Tcond用于后续计算。换言之,控制模块25可基于更准确的Tcond(或者是感测的或者是导出的)前进。另外,控制模块25可产生警报以指出问题。例如,如果控制模块25确定计算值更准确,那么冷凝器温度传感器42可能有故障。控制模块25可产生警报以指出存在与冷凝器温度传感器42相关的故障。另外,如果控制模块25确定Tcond测量值更准确,那么控制模块25可产生警报以指出与Tcond计算值有关的问题。例如,不准确的计算值可能表明变频驱动器22故障或者变频驱动器22没有准确报告压缩机速度或压缩机功率数据。
如图3所示,制冷系统5可包括带有蒸发器温度传感器40的蒸发器16。可替代地,可使用蒸发器压力传感器。蒸发器温度传感器40产生对应于蒸发器温度的信号并将Tevap通信到控制模块25。制冷系统5还可包括DLT传感器28,用于产生对应于DLT的DLT信号。
如图4所示,校核Tevap的算法开始于步骤400。在步骤402,蒸发器温度传感器40测量Tevap并向控制模块25报告Tevap。在步骤404,控制模块25由来自变频驱动器22的压缩机功率、压缩机速度数据以及DLT来计算Tevap。
在步骤406,控制模块25将感测的或测量的Tevap与计算的Tevap进行比较。在步骤408,控制模块25计算感测的Tevap与计算的Tevap之间的差值。当该差值小于预定阈值时,控制模块25可前进到步骤410并用测量的Tevap来校核导出的Tevap。如上述Tcond那样,如果需要,控制模块25可更新压缩机特性图数据以更准确地反应测量的Tevap。通过这种方式,经过一段时间控制模块25可“学到”更准确的压缩机特性图数据。另外,控制模块25可计算蒸发器温度传感器40的误差参数。在步骤410之后,算法可在步骤412结束。
在步骤408,当差值大于预定阈值时,控制模块25可前进到步骤414并确定是感测的Tevap还是导出的Tevap更准确以便后续使用。如上述Tcond那样,控制模块25可将感测的Tevap和计算的Tevap与Tevap的历史数据进行比较,以确定哪一个更准确。当控制模块25确定出哪一个Tevap更准确时,控制模块25可前进到步骤416并将更准确的Tevap用于后续计算。另外,控制模块25可产生警报,指示与Tevap测量和计算有关的问题。例如,如果计算的Tevap更准确,控制模块25可产生警报,指示与蒸发器温度传感器40相关联的故障。如果控制模块25确定测量的Tevap更准确,控制模块25可产生警报,指示与变频驱动器22相关联的故障。例如,变频驱动器22可能在计算或报告压缩机速度、压缩机功率数据或DLT方面存在故障。
这样,控制模块25可产生准确的Tevap和Tcond数据用于在如上文和在名为“VARIABLE SPEED COMPRESSOR PROTECTIONSYSTEM AND METHOD(变速压缩机保护系统及方法)”的美国申请系列号No.60/978,258的公开文本——其全文在此通过参引而并入——中所描述的另外的诊断、控制和保护算法中的后续使用。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于校核带有变速压缩机的制冷系统的参数的系统,包括:
压缩机,所述压缩机连接于冷凝器和蒸发器;
冷凝器传感器,所述冷凝器传感器输出冷凝器信号,所述冷凝器信号对应于冷凝器压力和冷凝器温度中的至少一个;
变频驱动器,所述变频驱动器调制输送至所述压缩机的电功率的频率以调制所述压缩机的速度;
连接于所述变频驱动器的控制模块,所述控制模块基于所述冷凝器信号确定测量的冷凝器温度,监测用于所述压缩机的电流数据和压缩机速度数据,基于所述电流数据、所述压缩机速度数据以及用于所述压缩机的压缩机特性图数据而计算导出的冷凝器温度,以及将所述测量的冷凝器温度与所述导出的冷凝器温度进行比较,并基于所述比较选择性地更新所述压缩机特性图数据。
2.一种用于校核带有变速压缩机的制冷系统的参数的系统,包括:
压缩机,所述压缩机连接于冷凝器和蒸发器;
冷凝器传感器,所述冷凝器传感器输出冷凝器信号,所述冷凝器信号对应于冷凝器压力和冷凝器温度中的至少一个;
变频驱动器,所述变频驱动器调制输送至所述压缩机的电功率的频率以调制所述压缩机的速度;
连接于所述变频驱动器的控制模块,所述控制模块基于所述冷凝器信号确定测量的冷凝器温度,,所述控制模块监测用于所述压缩机的电流数据、电压数据和压缩机速度数据,基于所述电流数据和电压数据计算电功率数据,以及基于所述电功率数据、所述压缩机速度数据和用于所述压缩机的压缩机特性图数据而计算导出的冷凝器温度,以及将所述测量的冷凝器温度与所述导出的冷凝器温度进行比较,并基于所述比较选择性地更新所述压缩机特性图数据。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的系统,其中,所述控制模块计算所述导出的冷凝器温度与所述测量的冷凝器温度之间的差值,将所述差值与预定的阈值进行比较,并且当所述差值大于所述预定的阈值时选择所述导出的冷凝器温度和所述测量的冷凝器温度中的一个作为较准确的。
4.如权利要求3所述的系统,其中,当所述差值大于所述预定的阈值时,所述控制模块产生警报。
5.一种用于校核带有变速压缩机的制冷系统的参数的方法,包括:
接收冷凝器信号,所述冷凝器信号对应于冷凝器的冷凝器压力和冷凝器温度中的至少一个,所述冷凝器连接于压缩机和蒸发器;
利用变频驱动器调制所述压缩机的速度,所述变频驱动器构造成调制输送到所述压缩机的电功率的频率;
接收用于所述压缩机的电流数据和压缩机速度数据;
基于所述电流数据、所述压缩机速度数据以及与所述压缩机相关联的压缩机特性图数据来计算导出的冷凝器温度;
基于所述冷凝器信号确定测量的冷凝器温度;
将所述导出的冷凝器温度与所述测量的冷凝器温度进行比较;以及
基于所述比较选择性地更新所述压缩机特性图数据。
6.一种用于校核带有变速压缩机的制冷系统的参数的方法,包括:
接收冷凝器信号,所述冷凝器信号对应于冷凝器的冷凝器压力和冷凝器温度中的至少一个,所述冷凝器连接于压缩机和蒸发器;
利用变频驱动器调制所述压缩机的速度,所述变频驱动器构造成调制输送到所述压缩机的电功率的频率;
接收用于所述压缩机的电流数据、电压数据和压缩机速度数据,并基于所述电压数据和所述电流数据计算用于所述压缩机的电功率数据;
基于所述电功率数据、所述压缩机速度数据以及用于所述压缩机的压缩机特性图数据来计算导出的冷凝器温度;
基于所述冷凝器信号确定测量的冷凝器温度;
将所述导出的冷凝器温度与所述测量的冷凝器温度进行比较;以及
基于所述比较选择性地更新所述压缩机特性图数据。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的方法,还包括:计算所述导出的冷凝器温度与所述测量的冷凝器温度之间的差值,将所述差值与预定的阈值进行比较,并且当所述差值大于所述预定的阈值时选择所述导出的冷凝器温度和所述测量的冷凝器温度中的一个作为较准确的。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,还包括:当所述差值大于所述预定的阈值时产生警报。
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