CN102471090B - 钾铯钨青铜颗粒 - Google Patents
钾铯钨青铜颗粒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102471090B CN102471090B CN201080030550.8A CN201080030550A CN102471090B CN 102471090 B CN102471090 B CN 102471090B CN 201080030550 A CN201080030550 A CN 201080030550A CN 102471090 B CN102471090 B CN 102471090B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- butyl
- phenyl
- bronze
- tungsten
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- -1 halogenide Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 170
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- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCILGMFPJBRCNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-2H-benzotriazol-5-ol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2NN=NC2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZCILGMFPJBRCNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000005461 organic phosphorous group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical group [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SYNHCENRCUAUNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen mustard N-oxide hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.ClCC[N+]([O-])(C)CCCl SYNHCENRCUAUNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 24
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 22
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- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical class OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C09D11/00—Inks
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- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
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Abstract
公开了具有式KxCsyWOz的钾铯钨青铜固溶体颗粒,其中x+y≤1和2≤z≤3。该颗粒例如为微米或纳米尺度的颗粒。还公开了包含有机或无机基材和掺入其中的本发明钾铯钨青铜固溶体颗粒的有机或无机组合物。该基材例如为塑料、涂料、油墨、粘合剂、陶瓷或玻璃。还公开了一种制备本发明钾铯钨青铜固溶体颗粒的方法,该方法包括使合适的钨源与钾盐和铯盐混合并形成粉末混合物并使该粉末混合物在还原氛围下暴露于等离子体炬。本发明钨青铜颗粒为合适的NIR吸收剂和热屏蔽添加剂。
Description
本申请要求提交于2009年7月7日的美国临时申请No.61/223,519的优先权,将其内容通过引用并入本文。
本发明涉及钾铯钨青铜颗粒。该颗粒例如为纳米颗粒。该颗粒可用作近红外(NIR)吸收剂和/或热屏蔽添加剂。该添加剂用于有机或无机基材,例如塑料、涂料、搪瓷、油墨、粘合剂、陶瓷或玻璃中。该添加剂例如通过等离子体炬制备。
已知NIR吸收可通过将氧化钨(WO3)的氧含量降低而实现。这通过使氧化钨在升高的温度下暴露于还原的氛围以形成Magneli相钨低氧化物WO3-x)而实现。NIR吸收还可通过在还原性条件下将正离子三元加入到WO3中而实现,这得到钨青铜结构。例如钾钨青铜和铯钨青铜各自是已知的。
J.Am.Ceram.Soc.90[12],4059-4061(2007)教导了纳米尺度的钨氧化物颗粒。
U.S.2006/0178254和U.S.2007/0187653公开了铯钨青铜和钾钨青铜各自的颗粒。
U.S.2005/0271566公开了包含钨的纳米颗粒。
U.S.2008/0308755教导了含有Cs0.33WO3颗粒的聚酯纤维。
U.S.2008/0116426教导了用于激光焊接的光吸收树脂组合物。
本文所述的美国专利和公布的申请通过引用并入本文。
发明概述
公开了具有式KxCsyWOz的钾铯钨青铜固溶体颗粒,其中x+y≤1和2≤z≤3。
还公开了包含有机或无机基材和掺入其中的具有式KxCsyWOz的钾铯钨青铜固溶体颗粒的有机或无机组合物,其中x+y≤1和2≤z≤3。
还公开了一种制备具有式KxCsyWOz的钾铯钨青铜固溶体颗粒的方法,其中x+y≤1和2≤z≤3,该方法包括使合适的钨源与钾盐和铯盐混合来形成粉末混合物并使该粉末混合物在还原氛围下暴露于等离子体炬。
发明详述
本发明钾铯钨青铜颗粒显示出固溶体性能。即它们是均匀的且以单一结构存在。元素分析通过感应耦合等离子体和原子吸收光谱的组合测定。通过能量分散性X射线光谱法的高分辨率微量分析与粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)分析联合使用以证实产生的颗粒为由KxCsyWO3表示的K/Cs固溶体构成的单相,而不是两个单独的K和Cs青铜相。
青铜颗粒例如为微米或纳米级的。它们的大小例如为约5nm至约10μm。它们的大小例如为约20nm至约800nm,例如约20nm至约300nm或约20nm至约200nm。这是指大于90%的颗粒(以数量计)在该范围内。大小指颗粒的最长半径。粒度通过扫描电子显微镜测定。小于300nm的粒度是希望的,从而当将颗粒掺入合适的基材中时实现良好的透明度和最小的浊度。
本发明青铜例如以六方相、立方烧绿石相或六方相和立方烧绿石相的混合物存在。六方相的最常见空间群为P63/mcm和P6322,而最常见的立方烧绿石相为Fd3m。x的值为约0.01至约0.99且y的值为约0.99至约0.1。例如x为约0.05至约0.95且y为约0.95至约0.05。例如,x为约0.05至约0.60且y为约0.60至约0.05。例如,x为约0.1至约0.50且y为约0.50至约0.1。
当x+y小于约0.4时,六方青铜相以主相(>90重量%)获得。当x+y为约0.4-0.6时,颗粒由六方相和烧绿石相的混合物构成。当x+y大于约0.6时,颗粒主要以烧绿石相存在。六方相颗粒特别令人感兴趣,因为它们的高可见光透射率和高NIR辐射吸收率和与之组合的由于粒度效应的低浊度。可见光被定义为约380nm至约700nm。NIR辐射被定义为约700nm至约3000nm。
z的值为约2-3,包括端值。例如z为约2.9-3。
正如通过扫描电子显微镜看到的一样,烧绿石颗粒的形状为球形。
六方相钾铯钨青铜的具体实例为K0.10Cs0.14WO3和K0.24Cs0.15WO3。六方相和烧绿石相青铜的混合物的实例为K0.17Cs0.29WO3和K0.31Cs0.29WO3。主要烧绿石相青铜的实例为K0.20Cs0.46WO3。
本发明青铜由合适钨源和合适钾盐以及合适铯盐的粉末混合物制备。
或者,本发明青铜可以由可溶性钨、钾和铯前体的液体混合物制备。同样,本发明青铜可以由固体和液体的组合制备,其中反应物可单独进料并在反应之前或反应过程中合并。各组分的进料速度决定了最终产物的组成。
钨源可选自钨酸盐、钨氧化物、钨金属、钨卤化物和烃氧基化钨。
实例是钨酸、钨酸铵、钨酸钠、氯化钨、二氯二氧化钨或烃氧基化钨。
烃氧基化钨的实例是异丙醇钨、乙醇钨和二氯二乙醇钨。烃氧基化物可以以纯净形式使用或可以使用酸或碱来保持前体溶解或呈胶态(溶胶-凝胶化学)。
合适的钨酸铵包括单钨酸铵、仲钨酸铵如六钨酸铵和十二钨酸铵、以及偏钨酸铵以及它们的水合物。仲钨酸铵(APT)的具体实例为(NH4)10W12H2O42·4H2O。APT常用作前体来产生氧化钨且例如由GlobalTungsten和PowdersCorp.,正式为OsramSylvania市购。
合适的钾和铯盐例如为碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、卤化物、乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐、甲酸盐、丙酸盐、草酸盐、氢氧化物、硝酸盐、硫酸盐和氯酸盐。任何在较低温度(<1000℃)下分解的无机或有机盐是合适的。该盐可为无水或水合的。合适的卤化物为氯化钾和氯化铯。
特别合适的是APT、甲酸铯和柠檬酸三钾的粉末混合物。将粉末物理混合并借助粉末进料器共进料到由等离子体炬产生的热等离子体区域。
本发明青铜例如通过感应等离子体炬制备。等离子体反应器是已知的并且描述于例如美国专利No.5,200,595。本发明采用RF(射频)感应等离子体炬。感应等离子体炬可例如由TeknaPlasmaSystemsInc.,Sherbrooke,Quebec市购。
本发明等离子体反应器装有为粉末注射而设计的注射探针。粉末进料速度为约10g/min至约50g/min。粉末进料器为例如流化床进料器或振动进料器、盘式进料器或悬浮进料器。采用氩气作为载气。保护气例如由氢气/氦气/氩气混合物构成。氢气/希有气体混合物适合作为保护气。氢气/氮气混合物也是合适的。使保护气中的氢气含量优化以使目标青铜相的产率最大而使完全氧化相(WO3,K2WO4,Cs2WO4)或完全还原相W0的产率最小。通常发现产物中存在小百分数的W0(约1重量%至约6重量%)。保护气组成有利地为Ar/H2/He=100/x/5slpm(标准升/分钟),其中x为约0.25splm至约0.5splm。等离子体热区中达到的温度范围为约5,000K至约10,000K。采用氩气作为猝灭气体并将所得粉末收集在袋滤器中。
粉末反应物的停留时间在毫秒级,例如约0.005秒至约0.5秒。炬功率为约15kW至约200kW。例如炬功率为约65kW。
可使用RF以外的热等离子体炬,例如DC电弧等离子体炬或微波放电等离子体。
反应器压力范围为约200托至大气压力,或约400托至约700托。
在本发明青铜的制备中,部分钾在等离子体合成的过程中损失。青铜的最终化学计量含有比起始比例小得多的钾。因此,为了制备本发明青铜颗粒采用大过量的钾盐。合适的起始比例为基于1mol钨为约0.05mol至约5mol钾和约0.05mol至约0.5mol铯。
除了钾铯钨青铜颗粒以外,在最终产物中通常存在少量W和WO3颗粒。例如,最终产物含有大于90重量%青铜和小于10重量%W和WO3。
本发明青铜颗粒可以进一步在表面官能化,例如通过硅烷化,或通过使用硫醇、胺、膦、硬脂酸酯等进行。
本发明青铜颗粒用于塑料、涂料、油墨、粘合剂、陶瓷或玻璃中作为热屏蔽、光管理、热管理、能量管理或阳光控制添加剂。重要的应用是激光焊接、安全特性(例如钞票的安全印刷)、标记、示踪剂和热定位、热传递或热屏蔽。本发明颗粒可以用于NIR固化和涂料或油墨的干燥。该颗粒可以用于NIR固化和粘合剂的干燥、用于胶版印刷的NIR干燥、用于纸张涂层的NIR干燥、用于加热塑料预制件或用于油墨调色剂的NIR固定。该颗粒可用于纸张或塑料的NIR激光标记、玻璃的NIR激光焊合或作为NIR滤光器,例如等离子体显示板或保护性眼罩所用的滤光器。该颗粒可以用于在用于热管理,例如温室的塑料或玻璃(例如透明板、半透明板、窗户薄膜)中吸收NIR辐射。
本发明的混合的钾铯钨青铜固溶体颗粒令人惊奇地在可见光区域显示优异的透光性而在NIR区域保持高吸收。当掺入基材中时,混合的青铜颗粒对可见颜色具有低影响,而实现了快速的NIR固化和干燥速度以及良好的热屏蔽效果。
将本发明青铜颗粒以基于基材的重量(在涂料、油墨或粘合剂的情况下基于固体)为约0.01重量%至约15重量%的量掺入例如有机或无机基材中。例如,本发明颗粒以基于有机或无机基材的重量为约0.01重量%至约10重量%或约0.01重量%至约5重量%的量使用。
有机基材例如为塑料、涂料、油墨或粘合剂。
本发明塑料例如呈薄膜、板、纤维或模制品或浇铸制品形式。它们例如为用于建筑玻璃、建筑物和构筑物中的玻璃、汽车玻璃、运输玻璃或农用薄膜和结构体的薄膜或板,或者甚至置于玻璃上的薄膜。该材料可为实心板、整体板、双层板、多层板、平板、波纹板、薄膜、取向或者单-或双轴取向薄膜、层压薄膜或capstock薄膜。
具体应用包括冬日花园和阳台建筑物、立面、天窗、游泳池盖和围栏、屋顶结构、拱顶、走道、遮盖物、标志、内部和外部设计元件、遮阳板、窗户、全景屋顶和农用覆盖物如温室、隧道或低隧道。
本发明塑料组合物可为着色或半透明或透明的。
本发明塑料基材例如选自如下化合物:
1.单烯烃和二烯烃的聚合物,例如聚丙烯、聚异丁烯、聚丁-1-烯、聚-4-甲基戊-1-烯、聚乙烯基环己烷、聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯,以及环烯烃如环戊烯或降冰片烯的聚合物,聚乙烯(其任选可为交联的),例如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、高密度和高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-HMW)、高密度和超高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-UHMW)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、(VLDPE)和(ULDPE)。聚烯烃,即前面段落中例举的单烯烃聚合物,优选聚乙烯和聚丙烯,可以通过不同方法制备,尤其通过下列方法制备:
a)自由基聚合(通常在高压和升高的温度下)。
b)使用通常含有一种或超过一种周期表第IVb、Vb、VIb或VIII族金属的催化剂的催化聚合。这些金属通常具有一个或一个以上配体,通常是可为π-或σ-配位的氧化物、卤化物、醇化物、酯、醚、胺、烷基、烯基和/或芳基。这些金属络合物可为游离形式或固定在基材上,通常在活化氯化镁、氯化钛(III)、氧化铝或氧化硅上。这些催化剂可溶于或不溶于聚合介质中。该催化剂本身可用于聚合或者可使用其他活化剂,通常为烷基金属、金属氢化物、金属烷基卤化物、金属烷基氧化物或金属烷基氧烷(alkyloxane),其中所述金属为周期表第Ia、IIa和/或IIIa族的元素。该活化剂可方便地用其他酯、醚、胺或甲硅烷基醚基团改性。这些催化剂体系通常称为Phillips、StandardOilIndiana、齐格勒(-纳塔)、TNZ(杜邦)、茂金属或单中心催化剂(SSC)。
2.1)下提及的聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯与聚异丁烯、聚丙烯与聚乙烯的混合物(例如PP/HDPE、PP/LDPE)以及不同种类聚乙烯的混合物(例如LDPE/HDPE)。
3.单烯烃和二烯烃相互之间或与其他乙烯基单体的共聚物,例如乙烯/丙烯共聚物,线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)及其与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的混合物,丙烯/丁-1-烯共聚物,丙烯/异丁烯共聚物,乙烯/丁-1-烯共聚物,乙烯/己烯共聚物,乙烯/甲基戊烯共聚物,乙烯/庚烯共聚物,乙烯/辛烯共聚物,乙烯/乙烯基环己烷共聚物,乙烯/环烯烃共聚物(例如乙烯/降冰片烯,例如COC),乙烯/1-烯烃共聚物,其中1-烯烃原位产生,丙烯/丁二烯共聚物,异丁烯/异戊二烯共聚物,乙烯/乙烯基环己烯共聚物,乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物或乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物及其盐(离聚物)以及乙烯与丙烯和二烯如己二烯、二环戊二烯或亚乙基-降冰片烯的三元共聚物,和这些共聚物相互之间及与上述1)下提及的聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物、LDPE/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、LDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)、LLDPE/EVA、LLDPE/EAA和交替或无规聚烯烃/一氧化碳共聚物及其与其他聚合物如聚酰胺的混合物。
4.烃树脂(例如C5-C9),包括其氢化改性物(例如增粘剂)以及聚烯烃和淀粉的混合物。
来自1.)-4.)的均聚物和共聚物可以具有任何立体结构,包括间规、等规、半等规或无规立构;其中优选无规立构聚合物。还包括立构嵌段聚合物。
5.聚苯乙烯、聚(对甲基苯乙烯)、聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
6.衍生于乙烯基芳族单体的芳族均聚物和共聚物,该单体包括苯乙烯,α-甲基苯乙烯,乙烯基甲苯的所有异构体,尤其是对乙烯基甲苯,乙基苯乙烯、丙基苯乙烯、乙烯基联苯、乙烯基萘和乙烯基蒽的所有异构体,以及它们的混合物。均聚物和共聚物可具有任何立体结构,包括间规、等规、半等规或无规立构;其中优选无规立构聚合物。还包括立构嵌段聚合物。
6a.包括上述乙烯基芳族单体和选自乙烯、丙烯、二烯、腈、酸、马来酐、马来酰亚胺、乙酸乙烯酯和氯乙烯或丙烯酸衍生物及其混合物的共聚单体的共聚物,例如苯乙烯/丁二烯、苯乙烯/丙烯腈、苯乙烯/乙烯(共聚体)、苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯/丁二烯/丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯/丁二烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、苯乙烯/马来酐、苯乙烯/丙烯腈/丙烯酸甲酯;苯乙烯共聚物和其他聚合物如聚丙烯酸酯、二烯聚合物或乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物的高冲击强度的混合物;以及苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物,例如苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯、苯乙烯/异戊二烯/苯乙烯、苯乙烯/乙烯/丁烯/苯乙烯或苯乙烯/乙烯/丙烯/苯乙烯。
6b.由6.)下所提到的聚合物的氢化得到的氢化芳族聚合物,尤其包括通过氢化无规立构聚苯乙烯制备的聚环己基乙烯(PCHE),通常称为聚乙烯基环己烷(PVCH)。
6c.由6a.)下所提到的聚合物的氢化得到的氢化芳族聚合物。
均聚物和共聚物可以具有任何立体结构,包括间规、等规、半等规或无规立构;其中优选无规立构聚合物。还包括立构嵌段聚合物。
7.乙烯基芳族单体如苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯的接枝共聚物,例如苯乙烯接枝聚丁二烯,苯乙烯接枝聚丁二烯-苯乙烯或聚丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物;苯乙烯和丙烯腈(或甲基丙烯腈)接枝聚丁二烯;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝聚丁二烯;苯乙烯和马来酐接枝聚丁二烯;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和马来酐或马来酰亚胺接枝聚丁二烯;苯乙烯和马来酰亚胺接枝聚丁二烯;苯乙烯和丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯接枝聚丁二烯;苯乙烯和丙烯腈接枝乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物;苯乙烯和丙烯腈接枝聚丙烯酸烷基酯或聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯;苯乙烯和丙烯腈接枝丙烯酸酯/丁二烯共聚物,及其与6)下所列共聚物的混合物,例如已知为ABS、MBS、ASA或AES聚合物的共聚物混合物。
8.含卤素的聚合物,例如聚氯丁二烯、氯化橡胶、异丁烯/异戊二烯的氯化和溴化共聚物(卤丁基橡胶)、氯化或磺基氯化聚乙烯、乙烯和氯代乙烯的共聚物、表氯醇均聚物和共聚物,尤其是含卤素乙烯基化合物的聚合物,例如聚氯乙烯、聚偏氯乙烯、聚氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯,及其共聚物如氯乙烯/偏氯乙烯、氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯或偏氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
9.衍生于α,β-不饱和酸及其衍生物的聚合物,例如聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯;用丙烯酸丁酯冲击改性的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯腈。
10.9)下所提到的单体相互之间或与其他不饱和单体的共聚物,例如丙烯腈/丁二烯共聚物、丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷氧基烷基酯或丙烯腈/卤乙烯共聚物或丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯/丁二烯三元共聚物。
11.衍生于不饱和醇和胺或其酰基衍生物或缩醛的聚合物,例如聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚硬脂酸乙烯酯、聚苯甲酸乙烯酯、聚马来酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚邻苯二甲酸烯丙基酯或聚烯丙基蜜胺;以及它们与上面1)中所提到的烯烃的共聚物。
12.环醚的均聚物和共聚物,如聚亚烷基二醇、聚氧乙烯、聚氧丙烯或其与二缩水甘油基醚的共聚物。
13.聚缩醛如聚甲醛和含有氧化乙烯作为共聚单体的那些聚甲醛;用热塑性聚氨酯、丙烯酸酯或MBS改性的聚缩醛。
14.聚苯醚和聚苯硫醚,以及聚苯醚与苯乙烯聚合物或聚酰胺的混合物。
15.一方面衍生于羟基封端的聚醚、聚酯或聚丁二烯且另一方面衍生于脂族或芳族多异氰酸酯的聚氨酯,以及其前体。
16.衍生于二胺和二元羧酸和/或衍生于氨基羧酸或相应内酰胺的聚酰胺和共聚酰胺,例如聚酰胺4,聚酰胺6,聚酰胺6/6、6/10、6/9、6/12、4/6、12/12,聚酰胺11,聚酰胺12,来源于间苯二甲胺和己二酸的芳族聚酰胺;由六亚甲基二胺和间苯二甲酸或/和对苯二甲酸制备的聚酰胺(含或不含作为改性剂的弹性体),例如聚对苯二甲酰2,4,4,-三甲基六亚甲基二胺或聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺;还有上述聚酰胺与聚烯烃、烯烃共聚物、离聚物或化学键合或接枝弹性体的嵌段共聚物;或与聚醚如聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚四亚甲基二醇的嵌段共聚物;以及用EPDM或ABS改性的聚酰胺或共聚酰胺;以及在加工过程中缩合的聚酰胺(RIM聚酰胺体系)。
17.聚脲、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺-酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酯酰亚胺、聚乙内酰脲类和聚苯并咪唑类。
18.衍生自二元羧酸和二醇和/或衍生于羟基羧酸或相应内酯的聚酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚-1,4-二羟甲基环己烷对苯二甲酸酯、聚萘二甲酸亚烷基二酯(PAN)和聚羟基苯甲酸酯以及衍生于羟基封端的聚醚的嵌段共聚醚酯,还有用聚碳酸酯或MBS改性的聚酯。
19.聚碳酸酯和聚酯碳酸酯。
20.聚酮。
21.聚砜、聚醚砜和聚醚酮。
22.一方面衍生于醛和另一方面衍生于酚、脲和蜜胺类的交联聚合物,例如苯酚/甲醛树脂、脲/甲醛树脂和蜜胺/甲醛树脂。
23.干性和不干性醇酸树脂。
24.衍生于饱和和不饱和二元羧酸与多元醇的共聚酯和作为交联剂的乙烯基化合物的不饱和聚酯树脂,以及具有低可燃性的其含卤素改性物。
25.衍生于取代丙烯酸酯,例如环氧丙烯酸酯、氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯或聚酯丙烯酸酯的可交联丙烯酸系树脂。
26.用蜜胺树脂、脲树脂、异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯、多异氰酸酯或环氧树脂交联的醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂和丙烯酸酯树脂。
27.衍生于脂族、脂环族、杂环或芳族缩水甘油基化合物的交联环氧树脂,例如双酚A和双酚F的二缩水甘油基醚的产物,它们用常规硬化剂如酐或胺交联,使用或不使用促进剂。
28.天然聚合物如纤维素、橡胶、明胶及其化学改性的同系衍生物,例如乙酸纤维素、丙酸纤维素和丁酸纤维素,或纤维素醚如甲基纤维素;以及松香及其衍生物。
29.上述聚合物的共混物(高分子共混物),例如PP/EPDM,聚酰胺/EPDM或ABS,PVC/EVA,PVC/ABS,PVC/MBS,PC/ABS,PBTP/ABS,PC/ASA,PC/PBT,PVC/CPE,PVC/丙烯酸酯,POM/热塑性PUR,PC/热塑性PUR,POM/丙烯酸酯,POM/MBS,PPO/HIPS,PPO/PA6.6和共聚物,PA/HDPE,PA/PP,PA/PPO,PBT/PC/ABS或PBT/PET/PC。
本发明聚合物组合物尤其包含聚碳酸酯或在聚碳酸酯上的涂层或共挤出层,聚酯,丙烯酸类,卤化聚合物如聚氯乙烯,聚乙烯醇缩丁醛,聚烯烃,衍生自乙烯基芳族单体的芳族均聚物和共聚物及其接枝共聚物如丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)。本发明组合物例如含有这些聚合物作为主要组分,即约50重量%至约100重量%。
本发明聚合物组合物尤其选自聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET以及PETG和PCTG)、ABS、聚偏氟乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)、聚酰胺、聚苯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚氨酯、聚丙烯和聚乙烯,包括共混物、合金和共聚物。
本发明组合物优选未被增塑。本发明组合物不要求任何其他金属或金属颗粒且通常不含该类组分。
特别令人感兴趣的是坚固、透明的组合物,如用于汽车或建筑玻璃的板或片材,或者半透明或透明聚烯烃或聚烯烃共聚物薄膜,尤其用于农业应用的那些。
本发明基材还可以是包含合适基料的涂料配制剂或固化涂层。基料原则上可以是任何工业上常用的基料,例如Ullmann′sEncyclopediaofIndustrialChemistry,第5版,第A18卷,第368-426页,VCH,Weinheim1991中所述的那些。它通常为基于热塑性或热固性树脂,主要是基于热固性树脂的成膜基料。其实例是醇酸树脂、丙烯酸系树脂、聚酯树脂、酚树脂、蜜胺树脂、环氧树脂和聚氨酯树脂及其混合物。
基料可以是可冷固化或可热固化基料;固化催化剂的加入可能是有利的。加速基料固化的合适催化剂例如描述于Ullmann′sEncyclopediaofIndustrialChemistry,第A18卷,第469页,VCHVerlagsgesellschaft,Weinheim1991中。
优选其中基料包含官能丙烯酸酯树脂和交联剂的涂料组合物。
含有特定基料的涂料组合物实例如下:
1.基于可冷-或热交联醇酸树脂、丙烯酸酯树脂、聚酯树脂、环氧树脂或蜜胺树脂或这些树脂的混合物的油漆,需要的话加有固化催化剂;
2.基于含羟基丙烯酸酯树脂、聚酯树脂或聚醚树脂和脂族或芳族异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯或多异氰酸酯的双组分聚氨酯漆;
3.基于含硫醇丙烯酸酯树脂、聚酯树脂或聚醚树脂和脂族或芳族异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯或多异氰酸酯的双组分聚氨酯漆;
4.基于封端异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯或多异氰酸酯的单组分聚氨酯漆,其在烘烤过程中解封,需要的话加有蜜胺树脂;
5.基于脂族或芳族氨基甲酸酯或聚氨酯和含羟基丙烯酸酯树脂、聚酯树脂或聚醚树脂的单组分聚氨酯漆;
6.基于在氨基甲酸酯结构中具有游离氨基的脂族或芳族氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯或聚氨酯丙烯酸酯和蜜胺树脂或聚醚树脂的单组分聚氨酯漆,需要的话加有固化催化剂;
7.基于(聚)酮亚胺和脂族或芳族异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯或多异氰酸酯的双组分漆;
8.基于(聚)酮亚胺和不饱和丙烯酸酯树脂或聚乙酰乙酸酯树脂或甲基丙烯酰胺基乙醇酸甲酯的双组分漆;
9.基于含羧基或氨基的聚丙烯酸酯和聚环氧化物的双组分漆;
10.基于含酐基团的丙烯酸酯树脂和多羟基或多氨基组分的双组分漆;
11.基于含丙烯酸酯的酐和聚环氧化物的双组分漆;
12.基于(聚)唑啉和含酐基团的丙烯酸酯树脂或不饱和丙烯酸酯树脂或脂族或芳族异氰酸酯、异氰脲酸酯或多异氰酸酯的双组分漆;
13.基于不饱和聚丙烯酸酯和聚丙二酸酯的双组分漆;
14.基于热塑性丙烯酸酯树脂或外部交联丙烯酸酯树脂和与其组合的醚化蜜胺树脂的热塑性聚丙烯酸酯漆;
15.基于硅氧烷改性或氟改性丙烯酸酯树脂的油漆体系;
16.基于丙二酸酯封端的异氰酸酯与作为交联剂(酸催化)的蜜胺树脂(例如六甲氧基甲基蜜胺)的油漆体系,尤其用于透明涂料;
17.基于低聚氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯和/或丙烯酸酯丙烯酸酯的可UV固化体系,需要的话与其他低聚体或单体组合;
18.双固化体系,其首先通过热固化且随后通过UV或电子辐照固化,反之亦然,并且其组分含有能够在光敏引发剂存在下用UV光辐照时或用电子束辐照时反应的烯属双键。
基于硅氧烷的涂料体系也是可能的,例如描述于美国专利Nos.6,288,150、6,306,512、4,315,091或6,228,921中的体系。
此外,本发明涂料组合物优选包含位阻胺类、2-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪类和/或2-羟基苯基-2H-苯并三唑类光稳定剂,例如如以下所提及的那些。工业上特别令人感兴趣的是加入2-间二羟苯基-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-间二羟苯基-4,6-二(联苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪和/或2-羟基苯基-2H-苯并三唑类型的化合物。
该涂料组合物还可以包含其他组分,其中实例是溶剂、颜料、染料、增塑剂、稳定剂、流变剂或触变剂、干燥催化剂和/或流平剂。可能组分的实例描述于Ullmann′sEncyclopediaofIndustrialChemistry,第5版,第A18卷,第429-471页,VCH,Weinheim1991中。
可能的干燥催化剂或固化催化剂例如为游离(有机)酸或碱,或者可以通过热处理或辐照解封的(有机)封端酸或碱,有机金属化合物,胺类,含氨基树脂和/或膦类。有机金属化合物的实例是金属羧酸盐,尤其是金属Pb、Mn、Co、Zn、Zr或Cu的那些,或金属螯合物,尤其是金属Al、Ti、Zr或Hf的那些,或有机金属化合物如有机锡化合物。
金属羧酸盐的实例是Pb、Mn或Zn的硬脂酸盐,Co、Zn或Cu的辛酸盐,Mn和Co的环烷酸盐或对应的亚油酸盐、树脂酸盐或牛脂酸盐。
金属螯合物的实例是乙酰丙酮、乙酰乙酸乙酯、水杨醛、水杨醛肟、邻羟基苯乙酮或三氟乙酰乙酸乙酯的铝、钛或锆螯合物,以及这些金属的烃氧基化物。
有机锡化合物的实例是氧化二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡或二辛酸二丁基锡。
胺的实例尤其是叔胺,例如三丁胺、三乙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺、N-二甲基乙醇胺、N-乙基吗啉、N-甲基吗啉或二氮杂双环辛烷(三亚乙基二胺)、二氮杂双环十一碳烯、DBN(=1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬-5-烯)及其盐。其他实例是季铵盐,例如三甲基苄基氯化铵。
含氨基的树脂同时为基料和固化催化剂。其实例是含氨基的丙烯酸酯共聚物。
所用固化催化剂还可以是膦,例如三苯基膦。
该涂料组合物还可以是可辐射固化的涂料组合物。此时,基料基本包含含有烯属不饱和键的单体或低聚化合物(预聚物),其在施用之后通过光化辐射固化,即转化成交联的高分子量形式。当该体系UV固化时,它通常还含有至少一种光敏引发剂。相应体系描述于上述出版物Ullmann′sEncyclopediaofIndustrialChemistry,第5版,第A18卷,第451-453页中。在可辐射固化的涂料组合物中,该添加剂还可以在不加入位阻胺条件下使用。
本发明涂料组合物可以施用于任何所需基材上,例如施用于金属、木材、塑料或陶瓷材料上。它们优选用作汽车修饰中的面漆。若面漆包含两层(其中下层为着色的且上层未着色),则本发明涂料组合物可以用于上层或下层或者用于这两层,但优选用于上层。
该涂料组合物可以通过常规方法施用于基材上,例如通过刷涂、喷涂、倾倒、浸涂或电泳;还参见Ullmann′sEncyclopediaofIndustrialChemistry,第5版,第A18卷,第491-500页。
取决于基料体系,涂料可以在室温下固化或通过加热固化。涂料优选在50-150℃下固化,并且在粉末涂料或线圈涂料的情况下甚至在更高温度下固化。
按照本发明得到的涂料对光、氧气和热的损害效果具有优异的耐受性;特别应提及如此得到的涂料如油漆的良好光稳定性和耐候性。
涂料组合物可以包含基料可溶于其中的有机溶剂或溶剂混合物。涂料组合物另外可以为水溶液或水分散体。媒介还可以为有机溶剂和水的混合物。涂料组合物可以是高固体油漆或者可以是无溶剂的(例如粉末涂料)。粉末涂料例如为Ullmann’sEncyclopediaofIndustrialChemistry,第5版,A18,第438-444页中所述那些。粉末涂料还可以具有粉末-浆料形式(粉末优选在水中的分散体)。
颜料可以是无机、有机或金属颜料。该涂料组合物可不含颜料且可用作透明涂料。
本发明基材还可以是无机聚合物组合物或有机/无机聚合物混杂体系,例如溶胶-凝胶涂料。实例是基于金属烃氧基化物如Si、Ti、Xr、Al烃氧基化物的金属氧化物体系,或基于树脂+金属烃氧基化物的混合物的混杂涂料;该类体系的实例及其制备在U.S.20070187653或U.S.2006178254中给出,将这些申请通过引用并入本文。
油墨例如为印刷油墨。该油墨可为可辐射固化油墨。
本发明的可辐射固化油墨或涂料还可以热固化。
涂料和油墨可为水基或有机溶剂基的。
本发明青铜颗粒可以用于可辐射固化油墨或涂料组合物中以诱使NIR固化。它们可以与热自由基引发剂或UV光敏引发剂一起或不一起使用。它们适合在透明清漆涂层中或含有高含量的颜料,例如高含量的TiO2的涂料中。它们诱使重颜料化的涂料固化,其中UV、可见光或NIR光被颜料吸收或反射。
无机基材例如为玻璃或陶瓷。
本发明青铜颗粒可以在玻璃、陶瓷、金属或搪瓷表面的激光标记中用作添加剂和用于施加导电性银涂层至同样的耐温基材。
KxCsyWO3可以在含有银粉、硼硅玻璃料和有机介质的近红外吸收糊组合物中用作添加剂。这正如在U.S.2009/0029057中所教导的,并将其通过引用并入本文。
KxCsyWO3可在通过施加包含多种玻璃料前体的标记材料而激光标记基材表面中用作添加剂。这正如美国专利No.6,238,847中所公开的,并将其通过引用并入本文。
本发明有机组合物可以任选还含有约0.01重量%至约5重量%,优选约0.025重量%至约2重量%,尤其是约0.1重量%至约1重量%的各种常规添加剂,如以下所列的材料或其混合物。
1.抗氧化剂
1.1.烷基化单酚,例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚,2-叔丁基-4,6-二甲基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-正丁基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚,2,6-二环戊基-4-甲基苯酚,2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基苯酚,2,6-二-十八烷基-4-甲基苯酚,2,4,6-三环己基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲基苯酚,侧链为线性或支化的壬基苯酚如2,6-二壬基-4-甲基苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1-甲基十一烷-1-基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1-甲基十七烷-1-基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1-甲基十三烷-1-基)苯酚及其混合物。
1.2.烷硫基甲基酚类,例如2,4-二辛硫基甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚、2,4-二辛硫基甲基-6-甲基苯酚、2,4-二辛硫基甲基-6-乙基苯酚、2,6-二-十二烷硫基甲基-4-壬基苯酚。
1.3.氢醌类和烷基化氢醌类,例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚,2,5-二叔丁基氢醌,2,5-二叔戊基氢醌,2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基氢醌,2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基茴香醚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基茴香醚,硬脂酸3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基酯,己二酸二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)酯。
1.4.生育酚类,例如α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚及其混合物(维生素E)。
1.5.羟基化硫二苯基醚类,例如2,2′-硫二(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-硫二(4-辛基苯酚)、4,4′-硫二(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚)、4,4′-硫二(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、4,4′-硫二(3,6-二仲戊基苯酚)、4,4′-二(2,6-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)二硫化物。
1.6.亚烷基双酚类,例如2,2′-亚甲基二(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基二(6-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基二[4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)苯酚],2,2′-亚甲基二(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基二(6-壬基-4-甲基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基二(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚乙基二(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚乙基二(6-叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基二[6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚],2,2′-亚甲基二[6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚],4,4′-亚甲基二(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚),4,4′-亚甲基二(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚),1,1-二(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷,2,6-二(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚,1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷,1,1-二(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-3-正十二烷基巯基丁烷,乙二醇二[3,3-二(3-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丁酸酯],二(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)二环戊二烯,对苯二甲酸二[2-(3′-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-甲基苄基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基]酯,1,1-二(3,5-二甲基-2-羟基苯基)丁烷,2,2-二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷,2,2-二(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-4-正十二烷基巯基丁烷,1,1,5,5-四(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷。
1.7.苄基化合物,例如3,5,3′,5′-四叔丁基-4,4′-二羟基二苄基醚,4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苄基巯基乙酸十八烷基酯,4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基巯基乙酸十三烷基酯,三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)胺,1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯,二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫醚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基巯基乙酸异辛基酯,二(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)二硫醇对苯二甲酸酯,1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯,1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰脲酸酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基磷酸二-十八烷基酯和3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基磷酸单乙基酯,钙盐。
1.8.羟基苄基化丙二酸酯类,例如2,2-二(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟基苄基)丙二酸二-十八烷基酯,2-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苄基)丙二酸二-十八烷基酯,2,2-二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸二-十二烷基巯基乙基酯,2,2-二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸二[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]酯。
1.9.芳族羟基苄基化合物,例如1,3,5-三(,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯,1,4-二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯酚。
1.10.三嗪化合物,例如2,4-二(辛基巯基)-6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-辛基巯基-4,6-二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-辛基巯基-4,6-二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,2,3-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯,1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰脲酸酯,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)-六氢-1,3,5-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯。
1.11.苄基膦酸酯类,例如2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二甲基酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二乙基酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二-十八烷基酯,5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苄基膦酸二-十八烷基酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸单乙基酯的钙盐。
1.12.酰胺基酚类,例如4-羟基月桂酰苯胺,4-羟基硬脂酰苯胺,2,4-二-辛基巯基-6-(3,5-叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-s-三嗪和N-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)氨基甲酸辛基酯。
1.13.β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与一元或多元醇的酯,例如与甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-二(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
1.14.β-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与一元或多元醇的酯,例如与甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-二(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
1.15.β-(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与一元或多元醇的酯,例如与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-二(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟基甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
1.16.3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基乙酸与一元或多元醇的酯,例如与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-二(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟基甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
1.17.β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸的酰胺,例如N,N′-二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)六亚甲基二酰胺,N,N′-二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)三亚甲基二酰胺,N,N′-二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)酰肼,N,N′-二[2-(3-[3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基]丙酰氧基)乙基]草酰胺(XL-1,由Uniroyal供应)。
1.18.抗坏血酸(维生素C)
1.19.胺类抗氧化剂,例如N,N′-二异丙基对苯二胺,N,N′-二仲丁基对苯二胺,N,N′-二(1,4-二甲基戊基)对苯二胺,N,N′-二(1-乙基-3-甲基戊基)对苯二胺,N,N′-二(1-甲基庚基)对苯二胺,N,N′-二环己基对苯二胺,N,N′-二苯基对苯二胺,N,N′-二(2-萘基)对苯二胺,N-异丙基-N′-苯基对苯二胺,N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N′-苯基对苯二胺,N-(1-甲基庚基)-N′-苯基对苯二胺,N-环己基-N′-苯基对苯二胺,4-(对甲苯氨磺酰)二苯基胺,N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二仲丁基对苯二胺,二苯基胺,N-烯丙基二苯基胺,4-异丙氧基二苯基胺,N-苯基-1-萘基胺,N-(4-叔辛基苯基)-1-萘基胺,N-苯基-2-萘基胺,辛基化二苯基胺如4,4′-二叔辛基二苯基胺,4-正丁氨基苯酚,4-丁酰胺基苯酚,4-壬酰胺基苯酚,4-十二烷酰胺基苯酚,4-十八烷酰胺基苯酚,二(4-甲氧基苯基)胺,2,6-二叔丁基-4-二甲基氨基甲基苯酚,2,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷,4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷,N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷,1,2-二[(2-甲基苯基)氨基]乙烷,1,2-二(苯基氨基)丙烷,(邻甲苯基)双胍,二[4-(1′,3′-二甲基丁基)苯基]胺,叔辛基化N-苯基-1-萘基胺,单-和二烷基化叔丁基/叔辛基二苯基胺的混合物,单-和二烷基化壬基二苯基胺的混合物,单-和二烷基化十二烷基二苯基胺的混合物,单-和二烷基化异丙基/异己基二苯基胺的混合物,单-和二烷基化叔丁基二苯基胺的混合物,2,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-4H-1,4-苯并噻嗪,吩噻嗪,单-和二烷基化叔丁基/叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物,单-和二烷基化叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物,N-烯丙基吩噻嗪,N,N,N′,N′-四苯基-1,4-二氨基丁-2-烯、N,N′-二(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基六亚甲基二胺)、癸二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-酮、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-醇。
2.UV吸收剂和光稳定剂
2.1.2-(2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑类,例如已知市售羟基苯基-2H-苯并三唑类和如美国专利Nos.3,004,896、3,055,896、3,072,585、3,074,910、3,189,615、3,218,332、3,230,194、4,127,586、4,226,763、4,275,004、4,278,589、4,315,848、4,347,180、4,383,863、4,675,352、4,681,905、4,853,471、5,268,450、5,278,314、5,280,124、5,319,091、5,410,071、5,436,349、5,516,914、5,554,760、5,563,242、5,574,166、5,607,987、5,977,219和6,166,218公开的苯并三唑类,如例如2-(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,2-(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,2-(2-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,2-(2-羟基-5-叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,5-氯-2-(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,5-氯-2-(3-二叔丁基-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,2-(3-仲丁基-5-叔丁基-2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,2-(3,5-二叔戊基-2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,2-(3,5-二-α-枯基-2-羟苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-(ω-羟基-八(亚乙基氧基)羰基-乙基)-,苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,2-(3-十二烷基-2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-辛氧基羰基)乙基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,十二烷基化的2-(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-2H-苯并三唑,2-(3-叔丁基-5-(2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰基乙基)-2-羟基苯基)-5-氯-2H-苯并三唑,2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-2H-苯并三唑,2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,2-(3-叔丁基-5-(2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰基乙基)-2-羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-异辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基-2H-苯并三唑,2,2’-亚甲基二(4-叔辛基-(6-2H-苯并三唑-2-基)苯酚),2-(2-羟基-3-α-枯基-5-叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,2-(2-羟基-3-叔辛基-5-α-枯基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,5-氟-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二α-枯基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,5-氯-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二α-枯基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,5-氯-2-(2-羟基-3-α-枯基-5-叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,2-(3-叔丁基-2-羟基-5-(2-异辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-2H-苯并三唑,5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-3-α-枯基-5-叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-5-叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,3-(5-三氟甲基-2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-5-叔丁基-4-羟基氢化肉桂酸甲基酯,5-丁基磺酰基-2-(2-羟基-3-α-枯基-5-叔辛基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-3-α-枯基-5-叔丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,5-三氟甲基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二α-枯基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑,5-丁基磺酰基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑和5-苯基磺酰基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑。
2.2.2-羟基二苯甲酮类,例如4-羟基、4-甲氧基、4-辛氧基、4-癸氧基、4-十二烷氧基、4-苄氧基、4,2′,4′-三羟基和2′-羟基-4,4′-二甲氧基的衍生物。
2.3.取代和未取代苯甲酸的酯,例如水杨酸4-叔丁基苯基酯、水杨酸苯基酯、水杨酸辛基苯基酯、二苯甲酰基间苯二酚、二(4-叔丁基苯甲酰基)间苯二酚、苯甲酰基间苯二酚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2,4-二叔丁基苯基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十六烷基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十八烷基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2-甲基-4,6-二叔丁基苯基酯。
2.4.丙烯酸酯和丙二酸酯,例如,α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸乙基酯或异辛基酯,α-甲氧甲酰基肉桂酸甲基酯,α-氰基-β-甲基对甲氧基肉桂酸甲基酯或丁基酯,α-甲氧甲酰基对甲氧基肉桂酸甲基酯,N-(β-甲氧甲酰基-β-氰基乙烯基)-2-甲基二氢吲哚,PR25,对甲氧基亚苄基丙二酸二甲基酯(CAS#7443-25-6),和PR31,二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶-4-基)对甲氧基亚苄基丙二酸酯(CAS#147783-69-5)。
2.5.镍化合物,例如2,2’-硫二[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚]的镍络合物,例如1∶1或1∶2络合物,含或不含额外配体如正丁胺、三乙醇胺或N-环己基二乙醇胺,二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍,4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基膦酸的单烷基酯如甲基或乙基酯的镍盐,酮肟如2-羟基-4-甲基苯基十一烷基酮肟的镍络合物,1-苯基-4-月桂酰基-5-羟基吡唑的镍络合物,含或不含额外配体。
2.6.位阻胺稳定剂,例如4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基吡啶、1-烯丙基-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基吡啶、1-苄基-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基吡啶、癸二酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、琥珀酸二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、癸二酸二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、癸二酸二(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、正丁基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基丙二酸二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、1-(2-羟基乙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶和琥珀酸的缩合物、N,N′-二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-叔辛基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线性或环状缩合物、次氮基三乙酸三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、1,2,3,4-丁烷四甲酸四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、1,1′-(1,2-乙二基)二(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮)、4-苯甲酰基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-硬脂氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、2-正丁基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基)丙二酸二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)酯、3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮、癸二酸二(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯、琥珀酸二(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)酯、N,N′-二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-吗啉基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线性或环状缩合物、2-氯-4,6-二(4-正丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-二(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、2-氯-4,6-二(4-正丁基氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-二(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、8-乙酰基-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、4-十六烷氧基-和4-硬脂氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的混合物、N,N′-二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-环己基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合产物、1,2-二(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷和2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪以及4-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的缩合物(CAS登记号[136504-96-6]);N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺、N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺、2-十一烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代螺[4.5]癸烷、7,7,9,9-四甲基-2-环十一烷基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代螺[4.5]癸烷和表氯醇的反应产物、1,1-二(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶氧羰基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙烯、N,N′-双甲酰基-N,N′-二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺、4-甲氧基亚甲基丙二酸与1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-羟基哌啶的二酯、聚[甲基丙基-3-氧-4-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)]硅氧烷、马来酐-α-烯烃共聚物与2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶或1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物。
位阻胺还可以为美国专利No.5,980,783所述的化合物之一,将其相关部分通过引用并入本文,即组分I-a)、I-b)、I-c)、I-d)、I-e)、I-f)、I-g)、I-h)、I-i)、I-j)、I-k)或I-l)的化合物,尤其是光稳定剂1-a-1、1-a-2、1-b-1、1-c-1、1-c-2、1-d-1、1-d-2、1-d-3、1-e-1、1-f-1、1-g-1、1-g-2或1-k-1,列于所述美国专利No.5,980,783第64-72栏。
位阻胺还可以为美国专利Nos.6,046,304和6,297,299所述的化合物之一,将其公开内容通过引用并入本文,例如描述于其中权利要求10或38或实施例1-12或D-1至D-5中的化合物。
2.7.在N原子上被羟基取代的烷氧基取代的位阻胺,例如如下化合物,如1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-十八酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-十六酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,1-氧-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶与叔戊基醇的碳自由基的反应产物,1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-氧代-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,癸二酸二(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,己二酸二(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,琥珀酸二(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯,戊二酸二(1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)酯和2,4-二{N-[1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基]-N-丁基氨基}-6-(2-羟基乙基氨基)-s-三嗪。
2.8.草酰胺,例如4,4′-二辛氧基草酰二苯胺、2,2′-二乙氧基草酰二苯胺、2,2′-二辛氧基-5,5′-二叔丁基草酰二苯胺、2,2′-二(十二烷氧基)-5,5′-二叔丁基草酰二苯胺、2-乙氧基-2′-乙基草酰二苯胺、N,N′-二(3-二甲基氨基丙基)草酰胺、2-乙氧基-5-叔丁基-2′-乙氧基草酰二苯胺及其与2-乙氧基-2′-乙基-5,4′-二叔丁基草酰二苯胺的混合物、邻-和对甲氧基二取代的草酰二苯胺的混合物以及邻-和对乙氧基二取代的草酰二苯胺的混合物。
2.9.三芳基邻羟基苯基-s-三嗪,例如已知市售三芳基邻羟基苯基-s-三嗪和公开于美国专利Nos.3,843,371、4,619,956、4,740,542、5,096,489、5,106,891、5,298,067、5,300,414、5,354,794、5,461,151、5,476,937、5,489,503、5,543,518、5,556,973、5,597,854、5,681,955、5,726,309、5,736,597、5,942,626、5,959,008、5,998,116、6,013,704、6,060,543、6,242,598和6,255,483的三嗪,例如4,6-二-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-s-三嗪,1164,CytecCorp,4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-s-三嗪,2,4-二(2,4-二羟基苯基)-6-(4-氯苯基)-s-三嗪,2,4-二[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-6-(4-氯苯基)-s-三嗪,2,4-二[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-s-三嗪,2,4-二[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-6-(4-溴苯基)-s-三嗪,2,4-二[2-羟基-4-(2-乙酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]-6-(4-氯-苯基)-s-三嗪,2,4-二(2,4-二羟基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-s-三嗪,2,4-二(4-联苯基)-6-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基羰基亚乙氧基苯基)-s-三嗪,2-苯基-4-[2-羟基-4-(3-仲丁氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-6-[2-羟基-4-(3-仲戊氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-s-三嗪,2,4-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-6-[2-羟基-4-(3-苄氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-s-三嗪,2,4-二(2-羟基-4-正丁氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二正丁氧基苯基)-s-三嗪,2,4-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-6-[2-羟基-4-(3-壬氧基*-2-羟基丙氧基)-5-α-枯基苯基]-s-三嗪(*表示辛氧基、壬氧基和癸氧基的混合物),亚甲基二-{2,4-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-6-[2-羟基-4-(3-丁氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-s-三嗪},在3∶5′、5∶5′和3∶3′位置以5∶4∶1比例亚甲基桥接的二聚体混合物,2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-异辛氧基羰基亚异丙氧基苯基)-s-三嗪,2,4-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-6-(2-羟基-4-己氧基-5-α-枯基苯基)-s-三嗪,2-(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)-4,6-二[2-羟基-4-(3-丁氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-s-三嗪,2,4,6-三[2-羟基-4-(3-仲丁氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-s-三嗪,4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2-羟基-4-(3-十二烷氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基)-s-三嗪和4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2-羟基-4-(3-十三烷氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基)-s-三嗪的混合物,400,CibaSpecialtyChemicalsCorp.,4,6-二(2,4-二甲基苯基)-2-(2-羟基-4-(3-(2-乙基己氧基)-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基)-s-三嗪和4,6-二苯基-2-(4-己氧基-2-羟基苯基)-s-三嗪。
3.金属去活化剂,例如N,N′-二苯基草酰胺、N-水杨醛基-N′-水杨酰基肼、N,N′-二(水杨酰基)肼、N,N′-二(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)肼、3-水杨酰氨基-1,2,4-三唑、二(亚苄基)草酰二肼、草酰二苯胺、间苯二甲酰二肼、癸二酰二苯基肼、N,N′-二乙酰基己二酰二肼、N,N′-二(水杨酰基)草酰二肼、N,N′-二(水杨酰基)硫代丙酰二肼。
4.亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯,例如亚磷酸三苯酯、亚磷酸二苯基烷基酯、亚磷酸苯基二烷基酯、亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、亚磷酸三月桂基酯、亚磷酸三(十八烷基)酯、二亚磷酸二硬脂基季戊四醇酯、亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯、二亚磷酸二异癸基季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸二(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸二(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸二异癸氧基季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸二(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)季戊四醇酯、二亚磷酸二(2,4,6-三(叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇酯、三亚磷酸三硬脂基山梨醇酯、4,4′-亚联苯基二亚膦酸四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯、6-异辛氧基-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基二苯并[d,f]-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂庚英、6-氟-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12-甲基二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂壬英、亚磷酸二(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)甲基酯、亚磷酸二(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)乙基酯、2,2′,2″-次氮基[三乙基三(3,3′,5,5′-四叔丁基-1,1′-联苯-2,2′-二基)亚磷酸酯]、亚磷酸2-乙基己基(3,3′,5,5′-四叔丁基-1,1′-联苯-2,2′-二基)酯。
尤其优选下列亚磷酸酯:
亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯(168,CibaSpecialtyChemicalsCorp.),亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯,
5.羟胺类,例如N,N-二苄基羟胺、N,N-二乙基羟胺、N,N-二辛基羟胺、N,N-二月桂基羟胺、N,N-二(十四烷基)羟胺、N,N-二(十六烷基)羟胺、N,N-二(十八烷基)羟胺、N-十六烷基-N-十八烷基羟胺、N-十七烷基-N-十八烷基羟胺、N-甲基-N-十八烷基羟胺和衍生自氢化牛油脂肪胺的N,N-二烷基羟胺。
6.硝酮类,例如N-苄基-α-苯基硝酮、N-乙基-α-甲基硝酮、N-辛基-α-庚基硝酮、N-月桂基-α-十一烷基硝酮、N-十四烷基-α-十三烷基硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮、N-十七烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十六烷基硝酮、N-甲基-α-十七烷基硝酮和由衍生自氢化牛油脂肪胺的N,N-二烷基羟胺衍生的硝酮。
7.胺氧化物,例如公开于美国专利Nos.5,844,029和5,880,191的胺氧化物衍生物,二癸基甲基胺氧化物,三癸基胺氧化物,三-十二烷基胺氧化物和三-十六烷基胺氧化物。
8.苯并呋喃酮类和吲哚满酮类,例如公开于美国专利Nos.4,325,863、4,338,244、5,175,312、5,216,052、5,252,643、5,369,159、5,356,966、5,367,008、5,428,177或5,428,162中的那些或3-[4-(2-乙酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、5,7-二叔丁基-3-[4-(2-硬脂酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]苯并呋喃-2-酮、3,3′-二[5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-[2-羟基乙氧基]苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮]、5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(4-乙酰氧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,5-二甲基-4-新戊酰氧基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(2-乙酰基-5-异辛基苯基)-5-异辛基苯并呋喃-2-酮和3-(2,3-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮。
9.硫增效剂,例如硫代二丙酸二月桂基酯或硫代二丙酸二硬脂基酯。
10.过氧化物清除剂,例如β-硫代二丙酸的酯,例如月桂基酯、硬脂基酯、肉豆蔻基酯或十三烷基酯,巯基苯并咪唑或2-巯基苯并咪唑的锌盐,二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌,二(十八烷基)二硫化物,季戊四醇四(β-十二烷基巯基)丙酸酯。
11.聚酰胺稳定剂,例如铜盐与碘化物和/或磷化合物的组合以及二价的盐。
12.碱性共稳定剂,例如蜜胺,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,双氰胺,氰脲酸三烯丙酯,脲衍生物,肼衍生物,胺,聚酰胺,聚氨酯,高级脂肪酸的碱金属盐和碱土金属盐,例如硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、山萮酸镁、硬脂酸镁、蓖麻醇酸钠和棕榈酸钾、焦儿茶酚锑或焦儿茶酚锌。
13.成核剂,例如无机物质,如滑石,金属氧化物如二氧化钛或氧化镁,优选碱土金属的磷酸盐、碳酸盐或硫酸盐;有机化合物如单羧酸或多元羧酸及其盐,例如4-叔丁基苯甲酸、己二酸、二苯基乙酸、琥珀酸钠或苯甲酸钠;聚合化合物如离子性共聚物(离聚物)。
14.填料和增强剂,例如碳酸钙、硅酸盐、玻璃纤维、玻璃球、石棉、滑石、高岭土、云母、硫酸钡、金属氧化物和氢氧化物、炭黑、石墨、木粉以及其他天然产物的粉或纤维、合成纤维。
15.分散剂,例如聚氧化乙烯蜡或矿物油。
16.其他添加剂,例如增塑剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、颜料、染料、荧光增白剂、流变添加剂、催化剂、流动控制剂、增滑剂、交联剂、交联促进剂、卤素清除剂、抑烟剂、阻燃剂、抗静电剂、澄清剂如取代和未取代的二亚苄基山梨糖醇酯、苯并嗪酮UV吸收剂如2,2’-对亚苯基二(3,1-苯并嗪-4-酮),3638(CAS#18600-59-4)和发泡剂。
特别地,其他添加剂选自有机磷稳定剂、受阻酚抗氧化剂、羟胺、受阻胺和羟基苯基苯并三唑或羟基苯基三嗪UV吸收剂。
所述青铜颗粒可通过已知技术,例如通过本领域熟练技术人员已知的标准分散技术掺入涂料或油墨或粘合剂组合物中。
本发明青铜颗粒可通过标准添加共混技术使用混合器、捏合机或挤出机而掺入塑料基材、涂料、油墨或粘合剂中。
本发明青铜和任选其他添加剂可以单独或相互混合加入塑料、涂料、油墨或粘合剂基材中。需要的话,可以在掺入基材中之前例如通过干共混、压实或熔体形式将各组分相互混合。
本发明青铜颗粒和任选其他添加剂的掺混通过已知方法进行,例如以粉末形式干共混,或以例如在惰性溶剂、水或油中的溶液、分散体或悬浮液形式湿混合。本发明添加剂可例如在模塑之前或之后或还通过将溶解或分散的添加剂或添加剂混合物施用于基材,随后蒸发或不蒸发溶剂或悬浮/分散剂而掺混。它们可直接加入加工设备(例如挤出机、密闭式混合器等)中,例如作为干混合物或粉末或以溶液或分散体或悬浮液或熔体。
掺混可在任何装有搅拌器的可加热容器中进行,例如在密闭设备如捏合机、混合器或搅拌容器中进行。掺混优选在挤出机中或在捏合机中进行。加工是在惰性氛围中还是在氧气存在下进行并不重要。
本发明添加剂在塑料基材中的添加可以在所有常规混合机中进行,其中将塑料熔融,并使其与添加剂混合。合适的机器对本领域熟练技术人员是已知的。它们主要为混合器、捏合机和挤出机。
加工包括挤出、共捏合、拉挤成型(pultrusion)、压塑、片挤出、热成型、注塑、旋转模塑、浇铸或聚合。该工艺优选在挤出机中通过在溶体加工期间引入添加剂进行。
特别优选的加工机器为单螺杆挤出机、逆转和共转的双螺杆挤出机、旋转模塑设备、行星齿轮挤出机、环挤出机或共捏合机。也可使用提供有至少一个可向其施加真空的气体去除隔室的加工机器。
适合的挤出机和捏合机描述于例如HandbuchderKunststoffextrusion,第1卷Grundlagen,编辑F.Hensen,W.Knappe,H.Potente,1989,第3-7页,ISBN:3-446-14339-4(第2卷,Extrusionsanlagen1986,ISBN3-446-14329-7)中。
例如,螺杆长度为1-60个螺杆直径,优选35-48个螺杆直径。螺杆的旋转速度优选为10-600转/分(rpm),非常特别优选25-300rpm。
最大生产量取决于螺杆直径、旋转速度和驱动力。本发明方法还可通过改变所提及的参数或者使用输送投料量的称重机而在低于最大生产量的水平下进行。
如果加入多种组分,则可以将这些组分预混或单独加入。
本发明青铜颗粒和任选其他添加剂还可以以母料(“浓缩物”)的形式加入塑料基材中,该母料以例如约1重量%至约40重量%,优选约2重量%至约20重量%的浓度含有掺入聚合物中的组分。该聚合物并非必须与最终加入添加剂的基材相同。在这些操作中,聚合物可以粉末、颗粒、溶液、悬浮液的形式或者以晶格的形式使用。
掺混可在成型操作之前或期间或者通过将溶解或分散的化合物施用于塑料基材,随后蒸发或不蒸发溶剂而进行。将本发明添加剂掺入塑料基材中的另一种可能性为在相应单体聚合之前、期间或正好之后或者在交联之前加入它们。就此而言,本发明添加剂可原样或者以包封形式(例如在蜡、油或聚合物中)加入。
含有本发明添加剂的材料可用于挤出或共挤出的制品、模制品、旋转模塑制品、注塑制品、吹塑制品、薄膜、片材、带、单丝、纤维、非织造织物、型材、粘合剂或油灰或表面涂料的生产。
在本发明的其他实施方案中,可以使用其他二硫代杂环戊二烯(dithiolen)金属络合物。这些金属络合物公开于例如WO2008/086931中。可使用其他无机NIR吸收剂,例如六硼化镧、氧化铟锡(ITO)或氧化锑锡(ATO)。其他合适的无机IR吸收剂包括金属如铜、铋、铁、镍、锡、锌、锰、锆、钨、镧或锑的氧化物、氢氧化物、硫醚、硫酸盐和磷酸盐。其他实例包括ATO或ITO涂覆的云母。
在其他实施方案中,本发明还涉及本发明青铜颗粒与选自醌-二亚铵盐、铵盐、聚甲炔(polymetines)如菁squaraine、croconaine、酞菁,这些金属的络合物公开于例如WO2008083918中萘醛菁(naphthalocyanine)和四萘嵌三苯(Quaterrylene)-二酰亚胺的有机NIR吸收剂一起共使用,。其他NIR吸收剂还包括硫代磷酸三苯基酯。
下列实施例描述了本发明的一些实施方案。这些实施例不意味着限制本发明范围。在本发明的公开内容中,份数和百分数按重量计,并且温度以摄氏度计,除非另有指明。
实施例
实施例1等离子体合成和表征
将仲钨酸铵(NH4)10W12H2O42·4H2O、碳酸钾和乙酸铯粉末物理混合在一起。将该粉末混合物通过标准粉末进料器夹带到氩气载气中。保护气由Ar/H2/He=100/x/5slpm(标准升/分钟)构成,其中x为0.25-0.5slpm。将流化粉末混合物以10-50g/min的进料速度供入Tekna等离子体反应器中。在65kW下将PL-50感应等离子体炬用作等离子体源。通常在等离子体热区中达到的温度范围为约5,000K至约10,000K。反应物蒸气通过猝灭气体冷却并在袋滤器中收集所得粉末。
下表显示以摩尔计的起始前体比例、产物的元素组成和M(K+Cs)值。元素分析由感应耦合等离子体和原子吸收光谱测定。晶相鉴别和定量组成由粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)测定。钾在等离子体合成的过程中损失,因此,对于起始比例采用大过量。当M值小于0.4时,观察到六方青铜相。当M值为0.4-0.6时,样品由六方相和烧绿石相的混合物构成。当M值大于0.6时,样品主要含有烧绿石相。
*基于钨的摩尔
样品K0.24Cs0.15WO3(M=0.39)具有通过扫描电子显微镜检术测量的小于200nm的平均粒度且近乎完全呈现六方相。粒度为颗粒的最大半径。高分辨率分散性X射线光谱(EDX)证实由K/Cs固溶体构成的单一相,而不是两个单独的K和Cs青铜相。EDX线扫描在六方单晶上进行。以沿着横跨晶体和基础碳支撑膜之间的线的距离的函数分析元素W、K和Cs。EDX证实W、K和Cs存在于该晶体中且各元素的相对量很好地对应于表中报道的元素分析。对基础碳支撑膜中的W、K和Cs的X射线观察到的计数为0。
样品K0.24Cs0.15WO3(M=0.39)通过Rietveld精修程序分析,其中将实验PXRD图案拟合至由基于P6322结构的固溶体KxCsyWO3的结构模型产生的模拟图案,其中Cs原子位于2b位置且K原子位于4e位置。在实验及图形参数精修之后,对K和Cs的位置占有率与原子坐标和热参数进行精修。Rwp值为6.22表明实验和模拟图案拟合非常好。基于Cs和K的精修位置占有率,计算的本发明固溶体的组成为K0.24Cs0.13WO3,这非常接近实验测定的元素分析。样品的总组成测得为93.6重量%K0.24Cs0.13WO3、3.24重量%Cs0.5WO3(Fd3m结构)和3.15重量%W(Im3m结构)。
EDX微量分析证实,在较高的掺杂剂量下还保持固溶体性能,例如M=0.66样品。
混合的M=0.39K/Cs青铜以在PVC箔(厚度0.33-0.35nm)中的浓度为0.5重量%通过UV/NIR光谱表征并与钾钨青铜和铯钨青铜比较。混合的青铜在1500nm显示出最大吸光度且在可见区具有低吸光度。吸光度在1500nm为2.67且在600nm为0.33。
对可见着色的较小影响还由以下所示的颜色数据观察到。
L*值(亮度)表明K和Cs青铜明显比本发明混合青铜暗。C*值(色度)显示本发明混合青铜亮于K和Cs青铜。h*值(色调)为色角并表明本发明青铜为浅黄至绿色。K青铜明显为蓝色至绿色且Cs青铜明显为绿色。对比度值表明本发明混合青铜比K和Cs青铜更透明。
实施例2可IR固化白色线圈涂料
制备可固化聚酯涂料配制剂。各量以重量份计。漆浆根据标准方法用高速分散机(dispermat)预混并用标准分散器额外研磨1小时而制备。然后对配方进行配漆。使用狭缝涂覆器(slitcoater)将涂料施加至预底涂的白色铝板以提供具有约80微米厚度的湿膜。测试具有TiO2以及TiO2和NIR吸收剂的混合物的配制剂。使用具有45重量%TiO2的配制剂作为参照。NIR吸收剂直接在研磨步骤中加入或经由无树脂颜料糊加入。用6个Adphos高燃烧NIR发射器进行固化。NIR吸收剂的加入允许固化时间缩短。这允许增加带速以提高生产量或降低灯输出以减少能量消耗。
固化的带速通过固化涂层对100次甲基乙基酮双摩擦的稳定性测定。
结果如下。量以基于固体的重量%计。
看出较高的NIR吸收剂负载允许更快的带速。本发明混合青铜的优点为它允许更快的带速以及更低的对CIE-Lab色空间内ΔE值的影响。
实施例3聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯薄膜挤出
将冷研磨的Eastar6763(Eastman,PET-G)在真空烘箱中在65℃/50毫巴下用微弱的氮气流干燥8小时。在氮气下在Henschel高速混合器MTI/M20FU中将3944g聚合物粉末与6.00gIRGANOXB561、40.00gTINUVIN1577和10.00g具有六方结构的混合青铜K0.24Cs0.15WO3(M=0.39)混合3分钟。然后将该混合物在BerstorffZE25x32D双螺杆挤出机中在260℃的最大温度下配混。
在真空烘箱中在65℃下将所得粒料干燥4小时。将0.15mm薄膜样品在可加热的压机上在260℃下无压压塑3分钟,然后用170巴压塑1分钟。将样品在特氟隆薄膜之间压制以防止粘在高度抛光的金属板上。在具有ISR3100(Ulbricht球)的ShimadzuUV-3101PC上从250nm至1800nm以1nm的取样间隔以空气作为参照记录这些膜的UV-VIS-NIR光谱。
光谱可参见图1。
实施例4:聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)
对于所有实施例,将PVB增塑:在真空和80℃下将PVB(ButvarB72A,来自Solutia)在真空烘箱中干燥8小时。将536.0gPVB在Henschel高速混合器MTI/M3共混器中与264.0gSolusolv2075(Solutia)混合6分钟直到整个液体被PVB吸收。将41.937g该增塑的PVB与0.042g具有六方结构的混合青铜K0.24Cs0.15WO3(M=0.39)和0.042gTINUVIN326在BrabenderPL2000中在90℃下在氮气中混合6分钟。然后,在100℃下用170巴的压力将所得混合物在热压机SuterLP322上用特氟隆隔片压塑3分钟而得到1mm片。
在具有ISR3100(Ulbricht球)的ShimadzuUV-3101PC上从250nm至1800nm以1nm的取样间隔以空气作为参照记录所得片的UV-VIS-NIR光谱。
光谱可参见图2。
实施例5聚氯乙烯(PVC)
所有样品均使用含有63.5%EvipolSH7020(IneosVinyl)、33.5%DIDPJayflex(ExxonMobilChemicals)、1.5%Drapex39(Chemtura)MarkBZ561(Chemtura)的柔性PVC。将99.80g该柔性PVC与0.300gTINUVIN329、0.200g具有六方结构的混合青铜K0.24Cs0.15WO3(M=0.39)混合。然后将该预混物在160℃下在SchwabenthanD-1双辊磨机上以25rpm以1∶1.2的摩擦混合8分钟。所得薄膜具有的厚度为0.45mm。
在具有ISR3100(Ulbricht球)的ShimadzuUV-3101PC上从250nm至1800nm以1nm的取样间隔以空气作为参照记录所得膜的UV-VIS-NIR光谱。
光谱可参见图3。
实施例6聚碳酸酯薄膜挤出
在120℃下在真空烘箱中在真空下用微弱氮气流将冷研磨的PC(Makrolon3108,BayerMaterialScience)干燥8小时。在80℃下在氮气中在Henschel高速混合器MTI/M20FU中将2840g粉末与2.40gIRGAFOS168、7.5g具有六方结构的混合青铜K0.24Cs0.15WO3(M=0.39)和150.0gTINUVIN360混合3分钟。在280℃下在BerstoffZE25x32D上将粉末混合物配混两次。将粒料在热空气干燥器中在120℃下干燥4小时,然后将其用于在CollinCR-136/350片材挤出线上在280℃的最大温度下生产100微米厚的浇铸薄膜。
在具有ISR3100(Ulbricht球)的ShimadzuUV-3101PC上从250nm至1800nm以1nm的取样间隔以空气作为参照记录所得膜的UV-VIS-NIR光谱。
光谱可参见图4。
实施例7聚乙烯薄膜
将3.75g具有六方结构的混合青铜K0.24Cs0.15WO3(M=0.39)加入1496.25gLDPE粉末(FF29,PolimeriEuropa,Italy;密度:0.921g/cm3;MFI:0.6(190℃,2.16Kg))中并涡轮混合。将该混合物在200℃的最大温度下在实验室规模的双螺杆挤出机中挤出。在210℃的最大温度下在实验室规模的吹塑挤出机中将如此获得的颗粒吹制为具有约150微米厚度的薄膜。
在具有ISR3100(Ulbricht球)的ShimadzuUV-3101PC上从250nm至1800nm以1nm的取样间隔以空气作为参照记录所得膜的UV-VIS-NIR光谱。
光谱可参见图5。
实施例8:激光焊接
借助注塑机将本发明的混合青铜IR吸收剂以500ppm的浓度掺入2mm厚的聚碳酸酯片材中。使用250瓦Nd:YAG激光器将所得透明片材与1mm聚碳酸酯片材焊接在一起。表面通过激光束以20mm/sec的速度扫描。
所得焊接具有优异的连接、高度透明、不显示任何局部塑料变形并且在焊接过程中不放出气泡。没有机械应力诱发的连接线的断裂。
实施例9用于激光标记的白色凹版印刷油墨
制备二氧化钛基白色油墨,以固体计含有0.1重量%的本发明混合青铜。该油墨包含55重量%清漆和45重量%TiO2。清漆通过使20份乙酸乙烯酯和巴豆酸的酸值为7.5mgKOH/g,分子量为170,000和Tg为约43℃的固体共聚物与80份乙酸丙酯混合而制备。
用标准K2棒将该油墨施加至白色包装板上并干燥。对1平方厘米的板施加激光(填充60,1500mms,20Khz)。图象化区域的光密度与背景白度一起测量。观察到良好的图象密度并且CIE白度仍然高。
实施例10安全印刷
制备吸收IR辐射的胶版油墨,以固体计含有5重量%的本发明K/Cs钨青铜材料。该油墨在3辊磨机上制备并包含10重量%高粘度清漆(CAS68458-35-5,醇酸树脂)、84重量%市售胶版清漆和1重量%干燥剂(基于CAS136-52-7;二(2-乙基己酸)钴和油酸,CAS112-80-1)。用胶版印刷设备将油墨印刷在钞票纸上。以内眼看来印刷几乎无色,但是用IR观察设备(截止滤光片715nm)在IR区清晰可见。该印刷显示出优异的光牢固度和非常良好的耐溶剂性、耐酸性、耐碱性、耐过氧化氢性、耐亚硫酸钠性、耐沸水性等。
实施例11水基粘合剂的干燥
用0.1重量%、0.2重量%和0.5重量%的具有六方结构的本发明混合青铜K0.24Cs0.15WO3对水含量为约67.6重量%的聚乙酸乙烯酯水基粘合剂进行改性。为了使青铜分散良好,使用0.2重量%的高分子量丙烯酸系嵌段共聚物分散剂(EFKA4585,来自Ciba)。使粘合剂与添加剂在DS200分散器中混合。
将粘合剂以100微米厚的湿膜施加至白色清漆涂覆的纸张基材上,观察在NIR发射器下多次通过后重量损失(HB6灯,在70%功率,网片距离300mm,网片速度5m/min)。在辐照后,本发明混合青铜使得改性的粘合剂比未改性的粘合剂干燥更快。
在另一测试方案中,当用MettlerHG63水分分析器干燥时,观察粘合剂随时间的重量损失。本发明混合青铜添加剂改性的粘合剂在约100秒后达到恒定的干燥重量。未改性的粘合剂仅在150秒后才变干。
附图简述:
图1-5为分别根据实施例3-7制备的薄膜的UV-VIS-NIR光谱。
Claims (18)
1.具有式KxCsyWOz的钾铯钨青铜固溶体颗粒,其中x+y≤1和2≤z≤3。
2.根据权利要求1的钾铯钨青铜固溶体颗粒,其中大于90%的颗粒的最长半径为5nm至10μm。
3.根据权利要求2的钾铯钨青铜固溶体颗粒,其中大于90%的颗粒的最长半径为20nm至300nm。
4.根据权利要求1的钾铯钨青铜固溶体颗粒,其中x为0.05至0.95且y为0.95至0.05。
5.根据权利要求4的钾铯钨青铜固溶体颗粒,其中其中x为0.10至0.50且y为0.50至0.10。
6.根据权利要求1的钾铯钨青铜固溶体颗粒,其具有六方钨青铜结构。
7.根据权利要求1的钾铯钨青铜固溶体颗粒,其具有与立方烧绿石结构相关的空间群对称性。
8.一种制备具有式KxCsyWOz的钾铯钨青铜固溶体颗粒的方法,其中x+y≤1和2≤z≤3,所述方法包括
使合适的钨源与钾盐和铯盐混合来形成粉末混合物并使所述粉末混合物在还原氛围下暴露于等离子体炬,
其中等离子体热区中达到的温度范围为5,000K至10,000K。
9.根据权利要求8的方法,其中还原氛围由由氢气/希有气体混合物构成的保护气供应。
10.根据权利要求8的方法,其中所述钨源选自钨酸盐、钨氧化物、钨金属、钨卤化物和烃氧基化钨,并且其中所述钾盐和铯盐为碳酸盐、卤化物、乙酸盐、甲酸盐、柠檬酸盐或硝酸盐。
11.根据权利要求10的方法,其中所述钨源选自仲钨酸铵、偏钨酸铵以及它们的水合物。
12.根据权利要求11的方法,其中仲钨酸铵为(NH4)10W12H2O42·4H2O。
13.根据权利要求8的方法,其中所述粉末混合物含有基于1mol钨为0.05mol至5mol钾和0.05mol至0.5mol铯。
14.一种有机或无机组合物,包含有机或无机基材和掺入其中的具有式KxCsyWOz的钾铯钨青铜固溶体颗粒,其中x+y≤1和2≤z≤3,其中所述基材为涂料、塑料、油墨、粘合剂、陶瓷、玻璃或搪瓷。
15.根据权利要求14的组合物,其中所述基材为可近红外(NIR)固化的涂料组合物。
16.根据权利要求14的组合物,其为呈板、片或薄膜形式的塑料组合物,并且其中所述基材选自聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈、聚酰胺、聚苯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚氨酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯及它们的共混物、合金和共聚物。
17.根据权利要求14的组合物,其包含选自有机磷稳定剂、受阻酚抗氧化剂、羟基胺、受阻胺光稳定剂、羟基苯基苯并三唑或羟基苯基三嗪UV吸收剂和其他无机或有机NIR吸收剂的其他添加剂。
18.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的钾铯钨青铜固溶体颗粒作为近红外(NIR)吸收剂和/或热屏蔽添加剂的用途。
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- 2010-06-30 KR KR1020127000430A patent/KR101782173B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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BR112012000425A2 (pt) | 2018-04-10 |
KR20120107060A (ko) | 2012-09-28 |
CN102471090A (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
US20110248225A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
EP2451746A4 (en) | 2013-04-03 |
US8268202B2 (en) | 2012-09-18 |
WO2011005631A2 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
JP2012532822A (ja) | 2012-12-20 |
WO2011005631A3 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
TWI492903B (zh) | 2015-07-21 |
EP2451746B1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
TW201107244A (en) | 2011-03-01 |
EP2451746A2 (en) | 2012-05-16 |
KR101782173B1 (ko) | 2017-10-23 |
JP6317880B2 (ja) | 2018-04-25 |
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