CN101809520A - 用于数字过程控制回路诊断的现场设备 - Google Patents

用于数字过程控制回路诊断的现场设备 Download PDF

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CN101809520A
CN101809520A CN200880108429A CN200880108429A CN101809520A CN 101809520 A CN101809520 A CN 101809520A CN 200880108429 A CN200880108429 A CN 200880108429A CN 200880108429 A CN200880108429 A CN 200880108429A CN 101809520 A CN101809520 A CN 101809520A
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CN101809520B (zh
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卡丽·D·休伊森加
理查德·A·刘易斯
唐纳德·R·拉蒂摩尔
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Abstract

一种耦合至工业过程控制或监控系统(10)的双线过程控制回路(18)的诊断现场设备(50),包括:数字通信监控电路(52),被配置为耦合至双线过程控制回路(18)。数字通信监控电路(18)被配置为从双线过程控制回路(18)接收数字通信信号。诊断现场设备(50)中的定时电路(56)提供定时输出(58)。诊断电路(54)基于数字通信信号和定时输出(58)来提供诊断输出。

Description

用于数字过程控制回路诊断的现场设备
技术领域
本发明涉及工业过程控制和监控系统。更具体地,本发明涉及使用双线过程控制回路来传输数字数据的工业过程控制和监控系统的诊断。
背景技术
在许多应用中使用工业过程控制和监控系统来控制和/或监控工业过程的操作。例如,炼油厂、化工厂、或造纸厂可能具有大量必须受到监控和控制的过程。
在这样的工业过程中,在整个过程中,在远程位置对过程变量进行测量。示例过程变量包括温度、压力、流量等。将该信息通过双线过程控制回路传输至中央位置(例如,控制室)。类似地,可以使用置于过程中的控制器来控制过程变量。控制器从双线过程控制回路接收控制信息,并作为响应通过例如打开或关闭阀门、加热过程流体等,来控制过程变量。
已经使用各种协议在双线过程控制回路上通信。一种协议使用4-20mA的信号来在回路上承载信息。4mA的信号可以代表过程变量的零值或低值,而20mA可以代表高值或全量程值。过程变量变送器可以将电流控制在4和20mA之间,来代表过程变量的中间值。更复杂的通信技术是
Figure GPA00001067150300011
通信协议,其中,将数字信息叠加在4-20mA信号之上。通常,在这样的配置中,每一现场设备需要分离的双线过程控制回路。
在双线过程控制回路上使用的更复杂的通信技术通常被称作基于现场总线的协议,例如FoundationTM现场总线。过程控制回路通常被称作段。在现场总线协议中,所有信息以数字方式传输,段上的模拟电流电平不需要承载信息。这种配置的一个优点是:多个过程变量变送器或控制器可以并联地耦合并共享相同的段。段上的每个设备具有地址,使得该设备可以识别出发给它的消息。类似地,现场设备所传输的消息可以包括该设备的地址,使得可以识别发送者。在这种基于现场总线的系统中,过程控制回路的所有现场总线段都包括与链路活动调度器(LAS)同步的定时器。LAS在回路上发送时间更新,独立的现场设备使它们的时钟与时间信号同步。
发明内容
一种耦合至工业过程控制或监控系统的双线过程控制回路的诊断现场设备,包括:电源电路,被配置为耦合至双线过程控制回路,以及向诊断设备的电路提供电能输出,从而利用从双线过程控制回路接收到的电能来为诊断设备供电。数字通信监控电路被配置为从双线过程控制回路接收数字通信信号。定时电路提供定时输出。诊断电路基于数字通信信号和定时输出对双线过程控制回路的操作进行诊断。所述诊断还可以置于现场设备中。
附图说明
图1是包括双线过程控制回路的过程控制或监控设施的简化图。
图2是过程控制回路诊断设备的简化框图。
图3是示出了根据本发明的步骤的简化框图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及过程控制回路中的诊断,所述诊断包括与过程控制回路连接的设备的诊断。具体地,本发明提供的诊断包括:检测根据基于现场总线的协议操作的双线过程控制回路中的故障或潜在出现故障组件,在基于现场总线的协议中,在回路上传输使用定时来传送数据的定时信号或通信信号。
图1是示出了过程控制或监控系统10的简化图,过程控制或监控系统10包括耦合至过程管道16的现场设备12和14。设备12和14耦合至单个双线过程控制回路18,单个双线过程控制回路18耦合至控制室20。图1还示出了耦合至回路18的双线过程控制回路诊断设备22。回路18承载电流I,电流I可以用来向回路18上的所有现场设备供电,并且能够在控制室20处产生。通过将数字信号调制在回路电流I上,在回路18上以数字方式传输信息。例如,设备12和14可以包括唯一地址能够唯一地识别其发送的消息,以及识别发往它们的接收消息。设备12和14可以包括任何类型的现场设备,包括过程变量变送器和控制器。图1还示出了固有安全(IS)栅(intrinsicsafety barrier)34。IS栅34将控制室20中的电路与“现场”36隔离,以防止过多能量被传递至现场设备。元件34可以代表IS栅和/或回路18上的信号中继器。这样的组件可以引入计时误差,并提高了在使用位于控制室20中的诊断设备时对现场中的组件上执行诊断的难度。位于现场位置的设备的示例位置包括:位于IS栅34中的设备、位于中继器中的设备、位于分立现场设备中的设备、位于诸如控制器或变送器之类的现场设施中的设备、作为组件并入接线盒中的设备、或这些设备的任何组合。
所示的过程控制回路18包括链路活动调度器(LAS)24。(LAS)24用于使回路18上的通信同步。链路活动调度器24可以位于沿着回路18的任何位置,包括位于具有现场设备12和14的现场中或位于控制室20中。在操作期间,LAS 24在回路18上传输时间(时钟)信息。回路18上的独立设备使用该时间信息来使分别在现场设备12和14中示出的、这些独立设备的内部时钟26和28同步。在操作期间,链路活动调度器24基于内部时钟电路30在回路18上提供时钟信息。更具体地,LAS 24周期性地在回路18上发送时间更新传输,该时间更新传输允许回路18上的独立现场设备12和14使其内部时钟26和28与链路活动调度器24的内部时钟电路30同步。
图2是根据本发明的双线过程控制回路诊断设备50的简化框图,该过程控制回路诊断设备50与图1所示的设备22相类似,并且可以是独立的设备(如,设备22)或可以包含在诸如现场设备12或14、组件34或LAS 24之类的其他设备中。诊断设备50耦合至双线过程控制回路18,并且包括数字通信电路52和诊断电路54。定时电路56保持时间信息,并将定时输出58提供给诊断电路54。在一些配置中,可以在现场设备12、现场设备14、独立的诊断设备22、IS栅34、接线盒和/或控制室20中实现双线过程控制回路诊断设备50。
诊断设备还包括可选的电源电路60,该电源电路60耦合至双线过程控制回路18,并且可以被配置为提供电能输出以为诊断设备50内的所有电路供电。此外,提供存储器62用于存储信息。例如,存储器62可以用于存储诊断数据、从过程控制回路18捕获的数据、在实现诊断电路54中使用的微处理器的编程指令、各种回路参数、配置数据等等。如上所述,可以将诊断电路与其他支持的组件一起实现在微控制器中。
在操作过程中,诊断设备50使用数字通信电路52来监控回路18上的数字通信业务。数字通信电路向诊断电路54提供输出。诊断电路54根据接收到的数字信号和来自定时电路56定时输出,来提供与过程控制回路(包括过程控制回路上的设备)的所诊断的状况有关的诊断输出。尽管能够将诊断电路54置于图1所示的控制室20中。然而诸如使控制室20与现场36分离的固有安全栅和/或中继器之类的组件34的添加可以导致诊断电路所收集的数据不精确。更具体地,这样的组件可以导致定时信号不精确,从而使得更难获得现场中组件状态的精确信息。当位于现场36中时,诊断电路54可以位于独立的设备(如图1所示的设备22)中、位于现场设备(如现场设备12或14)中、位于固有安全或中继器组件34中、作为接线盒等的一部分、或者采用设备的任何组合形式。
图3提供了根据本发明的步骤的简化框图100。在框图100中,在方框102获得回路定时信息(LT)。回路定时数据(LT)可以与在过程控制回路上传输的、基于时间而编码的、或另外承载与时间有关的数据的任何数据或信息有关。在方框104,例如从图2所示的定时电路56中内部地获得定时数据(LI)。在方框106,基于回路定时数据(LT)和内部定时信息(LI)来提供诊断输出。尽管图3中的步骤是以特定顺序示出的,但是本发明不限于这样的顺序,这些步骤可以以任何顺序来实现,并且可以部分地或全部地同时实现。
在一个配置中,在步骤104获得的回路定时数据(LT)与使现场设备(例如,回路18上的现场设备12或14)与来自链路活动调度器24的时钟信号同步所需的校正量有关。在这样的配置中,诊断输出与所需校正的量相关。此外,如果仅单个现场设备需要校正,则诊断算法输出可以提供对与特定设备相关联的问题加以指示的输出。然而,如果在多个设备上存在类似的同步误差,则诊断输出可以指示发生了更全局的故障,例如,在回路接线或在链路活动调度器24中的故障。类似地,诊断电路54可以监控回路定时数据(LT)与内部定时信息(LI)之间关系的趋势。例如,如果保持同步所需的校正量继续增加,则诊断电路54可以提供即将发生故障的输出。
在另一配置中,诊断电路54监控过程控制回路18上所承载的通信传输,并识别通信错误的发生,例如,如不良数据传输,或信息重传请求。诊断电路54监控过程控制回路,并识别例如错过的令牌传递、活动列表表现(appearance)、或DLL(数据链路层)信息请求重试。活动列表表现是对重连到网络的请求。如果需要DLL重试来对请求作出响应,则错误在接收器中。如果没有出现第一请求,则错误在现场设备中。可以监控并在统计上表征该数据。如果过程控制回路18中的特定设备示出了增加通信错误的倾向,则诊断电路54可以提供预测输出以指示即将发生的故障。如果将诊断设备50实现为独立的设备,则电路24能够提供与特定设备有关的诊断信息,并识别出通信故障是由于过程控制回路18上的无效或损坏(corrupt)请求引起的,还是由于无效的、损坏的或错失的响应而引起的。此外,诊断电路54可以被配置为监控来自链路活动调度器24的传输。如果传输是偶尔的或完全停止的,则诊断电路54可以确定LAS 24有故障,并相应地提供输出。此外,如果特定通信误差分析与硬件分析相耦合,则可以提供附加的分析。在2006年10月5日提交的序列号为11/543,349的专利申请中说明了其中的一些。例如,如果无效PDU分组网络通信分组与检测到的回路通信波形幅度增大相关联,则这可以指示两个设备正尝试同时进行通信。这样的信息可以用于推断存在的地址分配问题,或推断存在正在错误地进行通信的故障设备。
利用包括独立定时电路56的诊断电路22,可以对回路18上所有通信的定时进行监控、分析和趋势识别。可以本地或远程地报告该信息。这样的定时测量可以用于识别潜在问题以及回路段18或独立回路设备(如,现场设备12和14)的可能劣化。可以监控的特定测量的示例包括:
1.需要来自回路上每个设备的数据的响应时间。
2.回路上每个设备的令牌持有次数。
3.特定回路上的非活动时间。
4.与网络参数不一致的波形的定时。
5.时隙时间违反。
6.说明书以外的功能块执行时间变化或提高。
7.过期数据指示。
此外,可以实现诊断以指示独立设备中的潜在问题。例如,可以识别对特定设备的多个被拒写入请求,并且可以将其用作出现故障的设备的指示。可以使用这样的诊断电路54从现场设备读回信息以获得附加的诊断数据。这允许用户在例程维持期间维护特定设备,并从而减小系统停机时间。在另一示例配置中,诊断电路54被配置为从特定过程设备中读取MIB(制造商信息块),以便访问来自该特定诊断设备的诊断数据。示例中列出的一些信息是可以仅通过使用段上适当的数据接口访问的。例如,可以对该数据连同从过程控制回路测量的电气参数一起进行分析,以便提供增强的诊断。使用来自定时电路56的时间数据进行时间戳记,用于实现增强的统计分析。事件和通信定时的统计分析的使用提供在灾难性故障发生之前预测潜在的故障的能力。事件发生的时间戳记以及对事件的统计分析的应用,允许设备提供对故障的原因加以指示的输出。这减小了诊断时间并向操作者提供了附加的认知。这允许操作者可以在最终故障之前维护设备,并实现改进的统计分析。
如果诊断电路54与可以提供附加信息(如,与LAS 24的时钟30同步所需的校正量)的现场设备12、14相耦合,则可以增强许多上述诊断。当与现有的过程现场设备相耦合或通信时,诊断电路54可以提供更精确的诊断,这是由于现场设备的特定操作参数和能力可以由诊断电路54访问并且被并入诊断中。来自诊断电路54的输出可以是本地显示或其他本地输出的形式,通过以太网连接、无线传输、蜂窝电话连接等远程地提供的,或者可以是例如自发地或响应于特定查询(如,现场总线查询)在过程控制回路18上传输的。
尽管能够在远程控制室执行这些诊断技术中的一些,但是这样的配置会丢失定时信息。例如,可以使用固有安全栅和中继器,固有安全栅和中继器可以在过程控制回路18上承载的定时数据到达控制室20时改变该定时数据。通过将诊断电路54置于诊断位置,电路50可以被更佳地配置为访问实时数据。可以将诊断信息传输回中央位置(如,控制室20),本地地显示该诊断信息,并使用诸如以太网传输、无线或蜂窝电话传输等其他技术来传输该诊断信息。
在不同方面,本发明包括被置于现场总线段上的诊断设备,用于基于定时信息对段上的其他设备执行诊断。该设备可以监控特定段上的一些或全部通信,并且可以包含内部独立时钟。设备50可以提供过程控制回路上的事件的时间戳记。换言之,来自定时电路56的定时信息可以与过程中的特定数据点或事件发生相关联。在特定配置中,设备50可以通过将其内部时钟与来自链路活动调度器的时间更新相比较,来监控在该时间更新期间使独立设备同步所需的校正量。设备50可以被配置为对过程控制回路18上的通信定时进行测量,如,回路段上的特定设备所需的响应时间、令牌持有次数、沿着回路段的非活动时间、与网络参数不一致的定时、时隙时间违反、功能块执行次数、过期数据指示、通信重试以及其他通信定时。设备可以监控回路通信,以及监控DLL重试、错过的令牌传递、要求保护的LAS事件发生、活动列表表现等。设备可以被配置为监控回路18中的通信,从而允许基于对每个设备的被拒写入请求的数目或对设备所需的向非易失性存储器的周期性写入的量,来对回路上的所有设备进行诊断。这可以提供对设备磨损的指示。此外,可以使用诊断设备50来从回路上的其他设备读取数据,以获得另外不会传输的诊断信息。诊断设备可以被配置为本地或远程地提供附加信息以实现上述诊断中的一些,并且可以用于基于定时或其他信息来执行统计分析。通过监控诊断的趋势,诊断设备50可以预测沿着回路18的潜在故障。预测信息可以基于趋势、分析或其他技术。可以将这样的信息报告回中央控制室20,以供操作者使用。诊断设备可以连续地监控回路18,或可以周期性地“唤醒”回路并对回路进行采样以执行诊断。
在不同方面,本发明的诊断电路54提供包括结论或关于特定诊断状况的原因或来源的其他信息在内的输出。设备可以永久性地位于例如现场中,并且不需要附加的支持设备,如,个人计算机或其他设备。在一些配置中,诊断电路完全由从双线过程控制回路18接收到的电能来供电。可以执行各种类型的诊断,如,即时响应,包括最小最大标准偏差或均值。例如,利用单个设备的与定时相关的参数的显著变化来识别该单个设备可以提供设备发生故障的指示。然而,例如,如果适当地处理其他令牌,则可以将问题识别为源自现场总线接口电路的缓冲器处理系统。此外,如果多个设备同时呈现这样的问题,则很有可能在回路18的段上存在噪声或接线问题。
类似地,设备50可以监控令牌持有次数或传递令牌响应,包括最小时间、最大时间、标准偏差或均值。多个设备中的故障可以指示过程控制回路的特定段有问题。另一方面,适当的即时响应可以暗示特定设备处理器加载的变化,这是由于这样的响应典型地是由设备硬件中的缓冲器子系统来处理。
在另一示例中,设备50对过期数据计数进行监控。该过期数据计数包括大于零但小于回路18的特定段所允许的最大值的过期数据计数。现场总线所公布的过期数据信息的数目的变化可以用于设备50,以提供特定现场设备的处理器是过载的指示。类似地,如果DDL重试(每单位时间的计数)来自于单个设备,则该DDL重试可以提供特定设备具有检测发送或接收硬件的指示。然而,多个现场设备上的增大的计数可以提供特定回路段或固有安全栅有问题的指示。上述诊断是出于示例目的的,本发明不限于这里具体阐述的诊断。
尽管参照优选实施例对本发明进行了描述,但本领域的技术人员应当认识到,在不背离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,可以在形式和细节上进行修改。如这里所使用的,除了回路接线以外,双线过程控制回路还包括耦合至回路的现场设备。

Claims (30)

1.一种耦合至工业过程控制或监控系统的双线过程控制回路的诊断现场设备,包括:
电源电路,被配置为耦合至双线过程控制回路,以及向诊断设备的电路提供电能输出,从而利用从双线过程控制回路接收到的电能来为所述诊断设备供电;
数字通信监控电路,被配置为从所述双线过程控制回路接收数字通信信号;
定时电路,被配置为提供定时输出;以及
诊断电路,被配置为基于所述数字通信信号和所述定时输出来对双线过程控制回路的操作进行诊断。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,包括:存储器,被配置为存储来自诊断电路的诊断输出。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,数字通信电路对来自链路活动调度器LAS的传输进行监控,从而提供所述数字通信信号。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,诊断现场设备被配置为作为变送器来进行操作。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,过程控制回路根据现场总线标准来进行操作。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,诊断电路对响应时间进行监控,以对双线过程控制回路的操作进行诊断。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备,其中,响应时间与出现故障的现场设备有关。
8.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,诊断电路对令牌持有次数进行监控。
9.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,诊断电路对非活动时间进行监控。
10.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,诊断电路对波形的定时进行监控。
11.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,诊断电路对时隙时间违反进行监控。
12.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,诊断电路对过期数据指示进行监控。
13.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,固有安全栅被置于诊断现场设备与控制室之间。
14.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,诊断电路对数字通信信号与定时输出之间的关系的趋势进行监控。
15.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,诊断电路对回路通信波形的幅度的增大进行识别。
16.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中,诊断电路被配置为将时间信息与所诊断的双线过程控制回路的状况相关联。
17.一种对工业过程控制回路监控系统的双线过程控制回路的操作进行诊断的方法,包括:
从双线过程控制回路接收电能和通信信号;
利用从双线过程控制回路接收的电能对诊断设备的电路进行供电;
提供定时输出,所述定时输出实质上与从双线过程控制回路接收到的数据无关;以及
基于接收到的数字通信信号和定时输出,对双线过程控制回路的操作进行诊断。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,包括:将诊断输出存储在存储器中。
19.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,接收到的数字通信信号是来自于链路活动调度器LAS的。
20.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,过程控制回路根据现场总线标准来进行操作。
21.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,诊断基于响应时间。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中,响应时间与出现故障的现场设备有关。
23.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,诊断基于令牌持有次数。
24.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,诊断基于非活动时间。
25.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,诊断基于波形的定时。
26.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,诊断基于时隙时间违反。
27.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,诊断基于过期数据指示。
28.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,诊断基于数字通信信号与定时输出之间的关系的趋势。
29.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中,诊断基于对回路通信波形的幅度的增大的识别。
30.根据权利要求17所述的方法,包括:将时间信息与所诊断的双线过程控制回路的状况相关联。
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