CN101612875A - 通风装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种通风装置(120),其尤其用于对人员附近或者人员接触到的表面进行通风,该通风装置(120)具有至少一个空气引导装置(122),所述至少一个空气引导装置(122)具有至少一个阻挡层(125)、一个覆盖层(126)和一个位于阻挡层和覆盖层之间的分配层(124),其中,至少一个阻挡层(125)布置在分配层(124)的、背离使用者的侧面上,并且至少一个覆盖层(126)布置在分配层(124)的、面向人员的侧面上。本发明规定,至少一个覆盖层(126)是至少部分地透空气的并且是至少部分地透蒸汽的,并且阻挡层(125)至少部分地具有比覆盖层(26)小的透空气性。
Description
技术领域
本发明的主题涉及一种通风装置,其尤其用于对人员附近或者人员接触到的表面进行通风。
背景技术
用于座椅的通风装置已被公开,在该通风装置中借助通风机使空气吹过座套。
开发这样的改进或者替代的技术解决方案是值得的,即所述解决方案尤其在它的制造费用、它的形成舒适氛围的能力和/或它的能量消耗方面是有利的。
发明内容
以该背景技术为基础提出了一种按照本发明的技术构思。其它的有利设计方案可以从下面的说明书中获得。
从例如湿气吸收材料、通风机连续运转、用直接处于座套表面下的通风机替换传导层等等许多可以想到的可能解决方案中,在此已经找到一种技术方案,在该技术方案中令人意外的是,所用材料的透空气性和透蒸汽性的差别足以达到即使在通风机关断的情况下也能明显地改善氛围。
按照本发明的通风装置在通风机运转期间允许有效地通风。该通风装置同时可以防止在通风机关断时湿气蓄积在待通风的面上和/或在使用者的皮肤上。
下面阐述本发明的细节。这些实施方式应该使得本发明易于理解。但是,这些实施方式仅是示例性的。当然,在本发明的范围内也允许对单个或者多个所描述的特征进行删除、改变或者补充。不同实施方式的特征当然也可以相互结合。关键是,本发明的构思基本上被转化。如果一个特征至少部分地被实现,则这包括:该特征完全被实现或者基本上完全被实现。“基本上”在此尤其表示,所述转化能够以可识别出的程度实现期望的效用。这尤其表示,相应特征被实现至少50%、90%、95%或者99%。
附图说明
下面参照附图:
图1以局部纵向剖视图示出具有通风装置的运输工具;
图2以分解图示出通风装置的第一实施例;
图3以分解图示出了通风装置的第二实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示出一种运输工具1000。在此,该运输工具1000可以是例如飞机、轨道车辆、船舶或者如这里一样是汽车。
运输工具1000具有至少一个内装物件1100。对于该内装物件1100在不确定的情况下理解为乘员室的使用者可能接触到的所有构件,例如运输工具的转向装置1120、仪表板1130、扶手1140、车门内饰1150、座椅靠背1160、加热毯1170、运输工具的顶篷1180、坐垫400、座套500或者如此处一样是座椅1110。
该内装物件1100优选地具有至少一个坐垫400和/或至少一个座套500。
该内装物件1100优选地具有至少一个空调装置100。该空调装置100例如用于在运输工具的乘员室中对使用者接触到的表面进行温度调节/空气调节。该空调装置具有至少一个温度调节装置110、至少一个通风装置120和/或至少一个湿度调节装置130。温度调节装置理解成任何可以用于有目的地改变其周围环境温度的装置,例如所有具有至少一个加热电阻、一个纺织的表面加热元件、一个热泵、一个帕尔帖元件和/或一个空气运动装置(例如通风机)的装置。通风装置理解为任何可以用于有目的地改变确定的面积区域或者空间区域内的空气组份或者空气流动以便空气交换的装置,例如机载空调装置、至少部分地透空气的间隔介质、间隔织物和/或空调嵌件(Klimatisierungseinleger)。湿度调节装置理解为用于调节其周围环境的空气湿度的装置,尤其是所述的温度调节装置或者湿气吸收剂如活性碳纤维或者聚合的超级吸收剂。
按照图2和3的通风装置具有一个或者多个空气入口121、一个或者多个空气引导装置122和一个或者多个空气出口123、123’。
优选地,至少一个空气引导装置122具有一个或者多个分配层124、一个或者多个阻挡层125和一个或者多个覆盖层126、126’。
阻挡层125尤其被理解为至少在部分区域内阻碍或者防止空气、水和/或水蒸汽透过的层。阻挡层125尤其被理解为水蒸汽渗透阻力大于35(m2Pa)/W的层。
在此,也可以引入SD值作为扩散的量度,SD值是与材料有关的扩散阻力系数μ和层厚d的乘积。在此,尤其是根据DIN 4108-3,在层的SD值≤0.5m时,这些层被视为扩散开放的,在层的SD值≥1500m时,这些层被视为扩散密封的,并且在层的SD值处于0.5m和1500m之间时,这些层被视为阻碍扩散的。至少一个阻挡层125优选地具有至少一个部分区域,阻挡层125在该部分区域内的透蒸汽性或者它的SD值大于0.5m,更优选大于10m、更优选大于1000m、更优选大于1500m甚至更大。SD值也可以是变化的并且例如与阻挡层125上的湿度有关。有利的是,在湿度较高的情况下,SD值较大。
阻挡层125优选为透空气少的或者根本不透孔气的。对此尤其理解为透空气性小于100l/(dm2×min)、更优选小于10l/(dm2×min)、更优选小于5l/(dm2×min)。这些值涉及100Pa的试验压力。
一个或者多个阻挡层125优选地如此布置在一个或者多个分配层124上,使得这些阻挡层125至少部分地防止相应的分配层124受其周围环境影响。优选地,阻挡层覆盖分配层124的、背离乘客的整个面并且此外在一个或者多个棱边处伸出一块。这避免了空气损失和压力损失。至少一个阻挡层125至少部分地由薄膜形成或者由一层塑料、聚合物或者其它渗透性差的材料如金属薄膜形成。阻挡层125也可以通过发泡的、优选为闭孔材料如坐垫泡沫来形成。阻挡层125优选地设计成由均质材料制成的唯一层。
阻挡层125可以具有一个或者多个通气孔127,例如以便与通风机连通。当连接于此的通风机要将空气吹向使用者时,这些通气孔127在此可用作进入空气引导装置122的空气入口121。当通过通风机从使用者吸走空气时,这些通气孔127也可以用作空气出口123。
一个或者多个分配层124优选地具有间隔装置,该间隔装置使一个或者多个覆盖层126至少部分地与至少一个阻挡层125隔开。对此适用的是例如间隔织物和/或并排布置的、具有塑料成份和/或玻璃纤维成份的螺旋线。
覆盖层126尤其被理解为至少部分地朝向使用者覆盖通风装置的层。覆盖层126尤其是被理解为这样一个层,该层至少在部分区域内至少使空气不能很好地通过或者不能通过。为此,可以如对阻挡层那样确定值。
一个或者多个覆盖层126优选地如此布置在一个或者多个分配层124上,使得覆盖层126至少部分地防止分配层124受到周围环境影响。优选地,覆盖层126覆盖分配层124的、面向乘客的整个面并且附加地还伸出一块。这避免了空气损失和压力损失。
优选地,至少一个覆盖层126至少部分地由薄膜或者一层塑料-聚合物或者其它的透空气性或者透蒸汽性差的材料如金属薄膜来形成。覆盖层126也可以通过发泡的、闭孔材料如坐垫泡沫来形成。作为替代或附加措施,覆盖层也可以至少部分地由一种对蒸汽、水和/或空气来说能至少部分地良好渗透的材料形成。覆盖层126可以设计成由均质材料制成的唯一层,但是该覆盖层126优选具有两个不同的分层,这两个不同的分层具有不同的、空气和/或水或者蒸汽的渗透性能。
覆盖层126可以具有一个或者多个透气孔127’,例如以便与通风机连通。当连接于此的通风机要将空气吹向使用者时,这些透气孔127’在此可以用作进入空气引导装置122的空气入口121。当通过通风机从使用者吸走空气时,这些透气孔127’也可以用作空气出口123。
至少一个覆盖层126至少部分地和/或区段式地允许蒸汽和/或水透过。至少一个覆盖层126优选至少具有部分区域,在这些部分区域内透空气性大于10l/(dm2×min)、更优选大于50l/(dm2×min)、更优选至少大于100l/(dm2×min)。此外优选的是,覆盖层126具有至少一个这样的部分区域,在该部分区域内覆盖层的透蒸汽性或者它的SD值小于1500m、更优选小于10m、更优选小于1m、更优选小于0.5m。对此尤其理解为蒸汽渗透阻力小于35(m2Pa/W)。优选地,至少一个覆盖层126至少区段式地、优选整个面都是透蒸汽的。呼吸活性()或者说蒸汽渗透阻力Ref优选≤35(m2Pa)/W,优选≤20(m2Pa)/W,优选≤5(m2Pa)/W,优选≤3(m2Pa)/W。
SD值也可以是变化的并且例如与覆盖层126上的湿度有关。有利的是,此时,在湿度较高的情况下,SD具有较高的值。
如图2所示一样,透气孔127’是覆盖层126中的窗口型的空隙。但是,通气孔127’也可以如图3所示那样通过微型穿孔和/或通过位于纺织物的线或者纤维之间的网孔或者间隙来形成。
例如单位面积重量为133g/m2或者更小的纺织物是合适的。这种纺织物优选为无纺布和/或优选为具有多种纤维类型如聚乙烯(PET)和聚酰胺(PA6)的纺织物。优选地,PET纤维的成份大于PA6纤维的成份。优选地,PET纤维的成份至少为60%、优选为70%甚至更大。优选地,PAG纤维的成份在15%到45%之间。优选地,覆盖层126至少部分地由这样的材料形成,该材料仅少量地或者根本不吸收湿气。
优选地,空气引导装置112被设计为模块化系统,在该模块化系统中,至少一个阻挡层125、一个分配层124和一个覆盖层126形成一个关联组件。此外,该组件也可以与电加热元件、优选为平面电加热元件、通风机和/或热鼓风机组合成空调嵌件模块(Klima-Einleger-Modul)。优选地,空气引导装置仅具有两层或者三层,这些层本身由均质的单层材料形成。
优选地,覆盖层126和阻挡层125至少部分地伸出超过分配层124的一个或者多个边缘,它们在那里例如通过粘贴、焊接或者缝合相互连接。可以规定,该连接并不包括空气引导装置122的整个边缘,而是设有透气孔127,以便能够将空气从侧面吹到分配层124中并且能够将空气从那里吸出。还可以规定,如图3所示那样,通气管(Schnorchel)129被布置在该区域内,以便能够将空气引导装置122连接到一位置上,该位置与待通风的面相隔开。这能够用于例如从座椅的搁脚区域中吸取冷空气。
有利的是,在通风机关断的情况下空气引导装置122的内部与待通风的表面的或者座椅1110的周围环境空气连通。它允许在与待通风的表面相隔开的透气孔127处排出湿气,该湿气通过覆盖层126渗透到空气引导装置122的内部中。
附图标记:
100 空调装置
110 温度调节装置
120 通风装置
121 空气入口
122 空气引导装置
123、123’ 空气出口
124 分配层
125 阻挡层
126、126’ 覆盖层
127 透气孔
129 通气管
130 湿度调节装置
400 坐垫
500 座套
1000 运输工具
1110 座椅
1100 内装物件
1120 运输工具的转向装置
1130 仪表板
1140 扶手
1150 车门内饰
1160 座椅靠背
1170 加热毯
1180 运输工具的顶篷
Claims (7)
1.一种通风装置(120),其尤其用于对人员附近或者人员接触到的表面进行通风,该通风装置(120)具有至少一个空气引导装置(122),所述至少一个空气引导装置(122)具有至少一个阻挡层(125)、一个覆盖层(126)和一个位于阻挡层和覆盖层之间的分配层(124),其中,至少一个阻挡层(125)布置在分配层(124)的、背离使用者的侧面上,并且至少一个覆盖层(126)布置在分配层(124)的、面向人员的侧面上,其特征在于,至少一个覆盖层(126)是至少部分地透空气的并且是至少部分地透蒸汽的,并且,阻挡层(125)被设计成至少部分地阻碍空气和/或蒸汽透过。
2.根据权利要求1所述的通风装置(120),其特征在于,覆盖层(126)的透蒸汽的区域至少为其底面和/或待通风的表面的10%,优选为至少30%、更优选为50%、更优选为70%、更优选为90%。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的通风装置(120),其特征在于,覆盖层(126)具有至少一个区域,在该区域内透空气性小于50l/(dm2×min)、更优选小于10l/(dm2×min),并且透蒸汽性的SD值小于1500m、更优选小于10m,更优选小于0.5m。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的通风装置(120),其特征在于,覆盖层(126)的透蒸汽的区域的总面积比覆盖层(126)的透空气的区域的总面积大,优选大出至少10%、更优选大出50%、更优选大出100%、更优选大出300%甚至更多。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的通风装置(120),其特征在于,覆盖层(126)具有无纺布,优选具有聚酯微纤维和/或聚酰胺纤维,它们的混合比例优选为10%至90%比60%至10%。
6.一种座椅(1110),其特征在于,该座椅设置有至少一个根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的通风装置(120)。
7.一种运输工具(1000),其特征在于,该运输工具设置有至少一个根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的通风装置(120)和/或至少一个根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的座椅(1110)。
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-
2008
- 2008-04-08 DE DE102008017965A patent/DE102008017965B4/de not_active Revoked
-
2009
- 2009-03-18 US US12/406,520 patent/US9085255B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-04-01 JP JP2009088983A patent/JP5040038B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-04-08 CN CN2009101639810A patent/CN101612875B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20210162839A1 (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2021-06-03 | Rheinmetall Landsysteme Gmbh | Device for a ventilation system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102008017965B4 (de) | 2011-06-01 |
CN101612875B (zh) | 2012-04-04 |
US20090253362A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
JP5040038B2 (ja) | 2012-10-03 |
JP2009247897A (ja) | 2009-10-29 |
DE102008017965A1 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
US9085255B2 (en) | 2015-07-21 |
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