CN1004699B - 高折射率塑料透镜用树脂 - Google Patents

高折射率塑料透镜用树脂 Download PDF

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CN1004699B
CN1004699B CN87102261.3A CN87102261A CN1004699B CN 1004699 B CN1004699 B CN 1004699B CN 87102261 A CN87102261 A CN 87102261A CN 1004699 B CN1004699 B CN 1004699B
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金村芳信
今井雅夫
笹川胜好
梶本延之
永田辉幸
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Mitsui Chemicals Inc
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高折射率的塑料透镜用树脂以及由该树脂制成的透镜。此种树脂系用至少一种多异氰酸酯(Ⅰ)和至少一种多硫醇(Ⅱ)和/或至少一种多硫醇(Ⅲ)经加热聚合而成。各组分的用量应使-NCO/-SH两官能团的摩尔比在0.5~3.0范围内。上述(Ⅰ),(Ⅱ)或(Ⅲ)如摘要附图所示。式中X、Z等各符号的含义如说明书所述。

Description

高折射率塑料透镜用树脂
本发明涉及具有高折射率(以下也可叫做“折射性”)、低散射以及无光学变形或光学变形极小的塑料透镜用树脂。
塑料透镜由于比无机透镜的重量轻、不易损坏以及具有可着色性能,近年来找到了在眼镜片、照相机镜头以及许多光学器件方面的用途。有一种由二甘醇双烯丙基碳酸酯(下称“CR-39”)进行自由基聚合所得到的树脂在这段时间被广泛地应用。这种树脂有多种特点,例如:优良的抗冲击性,重量轻,极好的着色力以及诸如切削、研磨、抛光等良好的机加工性能。但是它的折射率(nD=1.50)小于无机透镜的折射率(nD=1.52)。为了使光学性能与玻璃透镜相当,必需增加中央厚度,周边厚度和透镜的曲率,从而不可避免地要使透镜的总厚度增加。因此要克服这个缺陷迫切要求发展一种高折射率的透镜树脂。
曾经分别用通过异氰酸酯化合物与羟基化合物如二甘醇进行反应(日本专利公开No.136601/1982和136602/1982);异氰酸酯与含卤素羟基化合物如四溴代双酚A进行反应(日本专利公开No.164615/1983);和异氰酸酯与含硫羟基化合物进行反应(日本专利公开No.194401/1985和217229/1985)制得的各种聚氨酯树脂,和用通过异氰酸酯化合物与脂肪多硫醇之间的反应单独制得的S-烷基硫代氨基甲酸酯透镜树脂(日本专利公开No.199016/1985),作为能使折射率得以提高的透镜树脂。
S-烷基硫代氨基甲酸酯透镜树脂有几个问题。它们聚合速度即便在较低温度下也很大,在聚合过程中热量控制碰到不少困难。还有一点是制成的透镜光学变形大。因此很难提供适用的透镜。
考虑到上文所述,本发明者对不同的多硫醇进行了试验研究。结果发现:至少用下述通式(Ⅰ)所代表的一种多异氰酸酯与至少一种通式(Ⅱ)所代表的多硫醇和/或通式(Ⅲ)所代表的至少一种多硫醇进行反应制得的树脂具有聚合反应温和从而易于聚合的特点,而且与S-烷基硫代氨基甲酸酯透镜树脂相比较,在能保留相当的重量轻、折射率高、散射低、优良的透明性、抗冲击、耐候性以及机械加工性能等优点的同时,还能在其聚合后不产生光学变形或者光学变形极小,从而完成本发明。
本发明的一个内容是通过将至少一种通式(Ⅰ)代表的多异氰酸酯与至少一种通式(Ⅱ)代表的多硫醇和/或至少一种通式(Ⅲ)代表的多硫醇而加热聚合制得高折射率塑料透镜树脂。各组分的含量应使-NCO/-SH的摩尔比处于0.5~3.0之间。
Figure 87102261_IMG6
(Ⅰ)
式中X代表氢原子,氯原子或溴原子,或是甲基,或是乙基;Z为氢原子或甲基,a代表1~4的整数;b为2~4的整数,而a+b不大于6(a+b≤6);
(Ⅱ)
式中R为甲基,乙基,氯代甲基或溴代甲基,m代表0~2的整数,n等于4-m;
Figure 87102261_IMG8
(Ⅲ)
式中X为氢原子、氯原子或溴原子或代表甲基或乙基,Y代表氧原子或硫原子,r代表0或1,s为0~2的整数,p为2~4的整数,q为1~4的整数,而p+q不大于6(p+q≤6)。
实施本发明所使用的,由通式(Ⅰ)代表的化合物实例包括:邻-亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯,间-亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯,对-亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯,1,3-双(α,α-二甲基异氰酸酯甲基)苯,1,4-双(α,α-二甲基异氰酸酯甲基)苯及1,3,5-三甲基苯三异氰酸酯以及它们的苯环上被氯、溴、甲基及乙基取代所得的各种衍生物。具体地说,这些衍生物包括4-氯-间-亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯,4,5-二氯-间-亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯,2,3,5,6-四溴-对-亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯,4-甲基-间-亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯,4-乙基-间-亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯等。以通式(Ⅱ)为代表的化合物的具体实例有:季戊四醇四(巯基丙酸酯),三羟甲基丙烷三(巯基丙酸酯),三羟甲基乙烷三(巯基丙酸酯),二氯(代)新戊二醇双(巯基丙酸酯)和二溴(代)新戊二醇双(巯基丙酸酯)。
另一方面以通式(Ⅲ)为代表的化合物的具体实例可包括:
1,2-二巯基苯;
1,3-二巯基苯;
1,4-二巯基苯;
1,2-双(巯基亚甲基)苯;
1,3-双(巯基亚甲基)苯;
1,4-双(巯基亚甲基)苯;
1,2-双(巯基亚乙基)苯;
1,3-双(巯基亚乙基)苯;
1,4-双(巯基亚乙基)苯;
1,2-双(巯基亚甲氧基)苯;
1,3-双(巯基亚甲氧基)苯;
1,4-双(巯基亚甲氧基)苯;
1,2-双(巯基亚乙氧基)苯;
1,3-双(巯基亚乙氧基)苯;
1,4-双(巯基亚乙氧基)苯;
1,2-双(巯基亚甲基硫代)苯;
1,3-双(巯基亚甲基硫代)苯;
1,4-双(巯基亚甲基硫代)苯;
1,2-双(巯基亚乙基硫代)苯;
1,3-双(巯基亚乙基硫代)苯;
1,4-双(巯基亚乙基硫代)苯;
1,2,3-三巯基苯;
1,2,4-三巯基苯;
1,3,5-三巯基苯;
1,2,3-三(巯基亚甲基)苯;
1,2,4-三(巯基亚甲基)苯;
1,3,5-三(巯基亚甲基)苯;
1,2,3-三(巯基亚乙基)苯;
1,2,4-三(巯基亚乙基)苯;
1,3,5-三(巯基亚乙基)苯;
1,2,3-三(巯基亚甲氧基)苯;
1,2,4-三(巯基亚甲氧基)苯;
1,3,5-三(巯基亚甲氧基)苯;
1,2,3-三(巯基亚乙氧基)苯;
1,2,4-三(巯基亚乙氧基)苯;
1,3,5-三(巯基亚乙氧基)苯;
1,2,3-三(巯基亚甲基硫代)苯;
1,2,4-三(巯基亚甲基硫代)苯;
1,3,5-三(巯基亚甲基硫代)苯;
1,2,3-三(巯基亚乙基硫代)苯;
1,2,4-三(巯基亚乙基硫代)苯;
1,3,5-三(巯基亚乙基硫代)苯;
1,2,3,4-四巯基苯;
1,2,3,5-四巯基苯;
1,2,4,5-四巯基苯;
1,2,3,4-四(巯基亚甲基)苯;
1,2,3,5-四(巯基亚甲基)苯;
1,2,4,5-四(巯基亚甲基)苯;
1,2,3,4-四(巯基亚乙基)苯;
1,2,3,5-四(巯基亚乙基)苯;
1,2,4,5-四(巯基亚乙基)苯;
1,2,3,4-四(巯基亚甲氧基)苯;
1,2,3,5-四(巯基亚甲氧基)苯;
1,2,4,5-四(巯基亚甲氧基)苯;
1,2,3,4-四(巯基亚乙氧基)苯;
1,2,3,5-四(巯基亚乙氧基)苯;
1,2,4,5-四(巯基亚乙氧基)苯;
1,2,3,4-四(巯基亚甲基硫代)苯;
1,2,3,5-四(巯基亚甲基硫代)苯;
1,2,4,5-四(巯基亚甲基硫代)苯;
1,2,3,4-四(巯基亚乙基硫代)苯;
1,2,3,5-四(巯基亚乙基硫代)苯;
1,2,4,5-四(巯基亚乙基硫代)苯。
上述示例的具体化合物的环上用氯、溴、甲基和乙基取代的衍生物也可作为(Ⅲ)类化合物的示例。这些衍生物的具体示例有:3-氯-1,2-二巯基苯,4-氯-1,2-二巯基苯,3,5-二氯-1,2-二巯基苯,3,4,5-三溴-1,2-二巯基苯,5-甲基-1,3-二巯基苯,5-乙基-1,3-二巯基苯,2,3,4,6-四氯-1,5-双-(巯基亚甲基)苯等。
用至少一种通式(Ⅰ)代表的多异氰酸酯与至少一种通式(Ⅱ)代表的多硫醇和/或至少一种通式(Ⅲ)代表的多硫醇进行反应,各组分的数量要使-NCO/-SH比值位于0.5~3.0范围,最好的范围是0.5~1.5。为了改善各种性能特别是耐热性能,在本发明中可以将小于20%(摩尔)的通式(Ⅰ)所代表的多异氰酸酯用芳族异氰酸酯,如甲代亚苯基二异氰酸酯或二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯来代替。再有,低于20%(摩尔)的由通式(Ⅱ)所代表的多硫醇也可用通式(Ⅳ)表示的另一种硫醇来代替,
Figure 87102261_IMG9
(Ⅳ)
式中R,m和n与上文规定的意义相同,或者用多元醇例如三羟甲基丙烷或三羟甲基乙烷来代替。如果取代化合物,如芳族异氰酸酯,通式(Ⅳ)所代表的多硫醇或三羟甲基丙烷之类的多元醇的比例超过20%(摩尔),则会增加光学变形,同时聚合过程中热量的控制将变得更复杂。因此取代化合物用量不宜超过此比例。
在本发明中,为了改进产品的耐候性,还可以根据需要加入添加剂诸如紫外线吸收剂、抗氧剂、抗变色剂及荧光染料等。本发明的树脂易于染色,用分散在水中或溶剂中的普通染料即可。为便于着色,也可加入染色载体或者将水或溶剂加热。
本发明的透镜树脂生产时,用至少一种由通式(Ⅰ)代表的多异氰酸酯与至少一种由通式(Ⅱ)所代表的多硫醇和/或至少一种由通式(Ⅲ)所代表的多硫醇加在一起。根据物理性能的要求,还可以添加上述的芳族聚异氰酸酯,多元醇或多硫醇以及各种添加剂。形成的混合物然后用已知的浇铸技术进行模塑,就是说将形成的混合物倒入由金属模和树脂垫圈组合而成的模具中,接着进行加热固化。这里,在模具中可涂敷脱模剂,也可以在混合物中直接添加脱模剂以促进模塑后的树脂易于脱模。反应温度和时间随所用单体类型不同而异。但一般都分别在-20~150℃和0.5至72小时范围之内。
如此制得的透镜树脂为无色,透明并具有高折射率,低散射和比重小的特点。它的抗冲击性和耐候性优良。还有,它容易聚合,无光学变形并具有优良的机械加工性,如透镜的机械抛光性,以及优良的着色力。因此适于做眼镜片和相机镜头以及其它的光学器件。
本发明将用下列实例作更详细说明。下列各个实例制得的透镜树脂的折射率,阿贝(Abbe)值,透镜机械抛光性,抗冲击性以及暴露在紫外线条件下的抗发黄等性能均分别按下列试验方法进行试验或测量。
折射率和阿贝(Abbe)值:
用Pulfrich折光仪在20℃下测量。
机械加工性:
用抛光眼镜片的透镜抛光机将树脂研磨并抛光。经这样抛光的表面如果良好,机械加工性评为良(O),如抛光的表面为一般,机械加工性评为中等(△)。
抗冲击性:
用一块中心厚度为2mm的平板,按FDA(美国食品药物管理局)标准进行落球冲击试验。平板无破裂时,抗冲击性评为良(O)。
抗紫外光:
将透镜装在设有日光碳孤灯的气候试验箱中。经过200小时,透镜从气候试验箱中取出,并比较试验前后的透镜色泽变化。然后按下列标准评定。
无变化……O
轻微发黄……△
显著发黄……X
光学变形:
用一台光学变形测量计进行目测。并按下列标准评定。
无光学变形……O
可察觉光学变形……X
实例1:
在室温下将9.4克(0.050摩尔)间-亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯与7.1克(0.050摩尔)1,2-二巯基苯均匀混合。所得混合物倾入模具中,该模具是由用热固化型有机硅脱模剂处理过的玻璃模具和聚四氟乙烯(商品牌号TEFLON)垫圈构成的。混合物在45℃下加热3小时,在60℃下加热2小时,然后在80℃下加热2小时。这样制得的透镜的折射率为1.66,阿贝值为28,比重为1.32。它无色透明,有优良的机械加工性、抗冲击性和耐紫外光,且无光学变形。
实例2~23:
按照实例1的方法,用表1和表2列出的配料成分分别制取透镜。试验结果也同时在表中列出。
对比例1:
将9.4克(0.050摩尔)间-亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯与10.8克(0.025摩尔)季戊四醇四(硫代甘醇酸酯)冷却至-10℃下混合。由于粘度非常大,无法使它们混合。而当温度升高到接近室温时,它们发生聚合并急剧地产生热量。最后制得透镜的折射率和阿贝值分别为1.60和34,但有显著的化学变形。
对比例2~4:
按照对比例1的方法,用表1和表2规定的配比成分分别制出透镜。试验结果也列于同一表中。
Figure 87102261_IMG10
Figure 87102261_IMG13
Figure 87102261_IMG14
Figure 87102261_IMG15
Figure 87102261_IMG16
注:
1)间-亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯。
2)对-亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯。
3)三羟甲基丙烷。
4)季戊四醇四(巯基丙酸酯)。
5)季戊四醇四(硫代甘醇酸)。
6)四氯-间-亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯。
7)4-甲基-间-亚二甲苯基二异氰酸酯。
8)三羟甲基丙烷三(巯基丙酸酯)。
9)三羟甲基乙烷三(巯基丙酸酯)。
10)二氯新戊二醇双(巯基丙酸酯)。
11)二溴新戊二醇双(巯基丙酸酯)。
12)三羟甲基丙烷三(硫代甘醇酸酯)。

Claims (11)

1、一种透镜,它包括由至少一种通式(Ⅰ)所代表的多异氰酸酯与至少一种通式(Ⅱ)或(Ⅲ)代表的多硫醇通过加热聚合得到的共聚物,各组分的用量应使-NCO/-SH两基团的摩尔比在0.5~3.0范围内:
(Ⅰ)
其中X代表氢,氯或溴原子,或是甲基或乙基,Z代表氢原子或甲基,a代表1~4的整数,b为2~4的整数,而a+b不大于6,即(a+b≤6),
Figure 87102261_IMG3
(Ⅱ)
其中R为甲基,乙基,氯代甲基或溴代甲基,m代表0~2的整数,n等于4-m,
(Ⅲ)
其中X代表氢,氯或溴原子,或是甲基或乙基,Y代表氧或硫原子,r代表0或1,s为0~2的整数,p为2~4的整数,q为1~4的整数,而p+q不大于6,即(p+q≤6)。
2、根据权利要求1的透镜,其中通式(Ⅰ)表示的多异氰酸酯中不足20%(摩尔)用甲代亚苯基二异氰酸酯代替。
3、根据权利要求1的透镜,其中通式(Ⅱ)所代表的多硫醇中有不足20%(摩尔)用下列通式(Ⅳ)表示的多硫醇代替:
Figure 87102261_IMG5
(Ⅳ)
其中R,m和n的含义与权利要求1中的规定相同。
CN87102261.3A 1986-03-01 1987-02-28 高折射率塑料透镜用树脂 Expired CN1004699B (zh)

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CN87102261A (zh) 1987-10-21
AU573471B2 (en) 1988-06-09
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AU6927187A (en) 1987-09-03
KR870008928A (ko) 1987-10-22
US4775733A (en) 1988-10-04
EP0235743A1 (en) 1987-09-09
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