BR122019026066B1 - Compostos de picolinamida - Google Patents
Compostos de picolinamida Download PDFInfo
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- BR122019026066B1 BR122019026066B1 BR122019026066-4A BR122019026066A BR122019026066B1 BR 122019026066 B1 BR122019026066 B1 BR 122019026066B1 BR 122019026066 A BR122019026066 A BR 122019026066A BR 122019026066 B1 BR122019026066 B1 BR 122019026066B1
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- IBBMAWULFFBRKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N picolinamide Chemical class NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 IBBMAWULFFBRKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 174
- -1 C1-C8alkenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 192
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims 5
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims 4
- 125000004200 2-methoxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004650 C1-C8 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005745 ethoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 45
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 abstract description 28
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 91
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 83
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 75
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 60
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 54
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 50
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 44
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 31
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 29
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 28
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 28
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 27
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 27
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 17
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 15
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 15
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 13
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 11
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoroacetic acid Substances OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 8
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000361 pesticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 7
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 7
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- LGDSHSYDSCRFAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound CN=C=S LGDSHSYDSCRFAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- CSJLBAMHHLJAAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylaminosulfur trifluoride Chemical compound CCN(CC)S(F)(F)F CSJLBAMHHLJAAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004495 emulsifiable concentrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- AQRLNPVMDITEJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylsilane Chemical compound CC[SiH](CC)CC AQRLNPVMDITEJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004293 19F NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229960000549 4-dimethylaminophenol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 241000221785 Erysiphales Species 0.000 description 4
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000002169 Metam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000540505 Puccinia dispersa f. sp. tritici Species 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triiodomethane Natural products IC(I)I OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ITNAXUCKVLHVED-IRXDYDNUSA-N [(2S)-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-yl] (2S)-2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]propanoate Chemical compound OC=1C(=NC=CC=1OC)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H](C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)C)C ITNAXUCKVLHVED-IRXDYDNUSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethane Chemical compound BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) iodide Chemical compound I[Cu] LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane Natural products ClC1C(Cl)C(Cl)C(Cl)C(Cl)C1Cl JLYXXMFPNIAWKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
a presente invenção se refere a picolinamidas de fórmula i e seu uso como fungicidas. fungicidas são compostos, de origem natural ou sintética, que agem para proteger e/ou curar plantas contra dano causado por fungos agricolamente relevantes. em geral, nenhum fungicida único é útil em todas as situações. consequentemente, está em andamento pesquisa para produzir fungicidas que possam ter melhor desempenho, sejam mais fáceis de usar e de custo menor.
Description
[001] O presente pedido reivindica o benefício dos Pedidos de Patente Provisórios Nos. de Série US 62/098,120, depositado em 30 de dezembro de 2014, e US 62/098,122, depositado em 30 de dezembro de 2014, que são aqui expressamente incorporados a título de referência.
[002] Fungicidas são compostos, de origem natural ou sintética, que agem para proteger e/ou curar plantas contra dano causado por fungos agricolamente relevantes. Em geral, nenhum fungicida único é útil em todas as situações. Consequentemente, está em andamento pesquisa para produzir fungicidas que possam ter melhor desempenho, sejam mais fáceis de usar e de custo menor.
[003] A presente invenção se refere a picolinamidas e seu uso como fungicidas. Os compostos da presente invenção podem oferecer proteção contra ascomicetos, basidiomicetos, deuteromicetos e oomi- cetos.
[004] Uma modalidade da presente invenção pode incluir com postos de Fórmula I: na qual X é hidrogênio ou C(O)R5; Y é hidrogênio, C(O)R5 ou Q; Q é na qual Z é N ou CH; R1 é hidrogênio ou alquila, cada um opcionalmente substituído com 0, 1 ou múltiplos R8; R2 é metila; R3 é selecionado de arila ou heteroarila, cada uma opcionalmente substituída com 0, 1 ou múltiplos R8; R4 é selecionado de hidrogênio, halo, hidroxila, alquila ou alcóxi; R5 é selecionado de alcóxi ou benzilóxi, cada um opcionalmente substituído com 0, 1 ou múltiplos R8; R6 é selecionado de hidrogênio, alcóxi ou halo, cada um opcionalmente substituído com 0, 1 ou múltiplos R8; R7 é selecionado de hidrogênio, -C(O)R9 ou -CH2OC(O)R9; R8 é selecionado de hidrogênio, alquila, arila, acila, halo, alquenila, alquinila, alcóxi, ciano ou heterociclila, cada um opcionalmente substituído com 0, 1 ou múltiplos R10; R9 é selecionado de alquila, alcóxi ou arila, cada um opcionalmente substituído com 0, 1 ou múltiplos R8; R10 é selecionado de hidrogênio, alquila, arila, acila, halo, alquenila, alcóxi ou heterociclila; R11 é selecionado de hidrogênio ou alquila, substituído com 0, 1 ou múltiplos R8; e R12 é selecionado de arila ou heteroarila, cada uma opcionalmente substituída com 0, 1 ou múltiplos R8.
[005] Uma outra modalidade da presente invenção pode incluir uma composição fungicida para controle ou prevenção de ataque fúngico compreendendo os compostos descritos acima e um material veículo fitologicamente aceitável.
[006] Ainda uma outra modalidade da presente invenção pode incluir um método para o controle ou prevenção de ataque fúngico em uma planta, o método incluindo as etapas de aplicação de uma quantidade fungicidamente eficaz de um ou mais dos compostos descritos acima a pelo menos um do fungo, da planta e uma área adjacente à planta.
[007] Será compreendido por aqueles versados na técnica que os termos que seguem podem incluir grupos “R” genéricos dentro de suas definições, por exemplo, “o termo alcóxi se refere a um substituinte - OR”. É também compreendido que dentro das definições para os termos que seguem, esses grupos “R” são incluídos para propósitos ilustrativos e não devem ser considerados como limitantes ou sendo limitados por substituições na Fórmula I.
[008] O termo “alquila” se refere a uma cadeia de carbono cíclica ramificada, não ramificada ou saturada incluindo, mas não limitado a, metila, etila, propila, butila, isopropila, isobutila, butila terciária, pentila, hexila, ciclopropila, ciclobutila, ciclopentila, ciclo-hexila e similar.
[009] O termo “alquenila” se refere a uma cadeia de carbono ramificada, não ramificada ou cíclica contendo uma ou mais ligações duplas incluindo, mas não limitado a, etenila, propenila, butenila, isopro- penila, isobutenila, ciclobutenila, ciclopentenila, ciclo-hexenila e similar.
[0010] O termo “alquinila” se refere a uma cadeia de carbono ramificada ou não ramificada contendo uma ou mais ligações triplas incluindo, mas não limitado a, propinila, butinila e similar.
[0011] Os termos “arila” e “Ar” se referem a qualquer anel aromático, mono- ou bicíclico, contendo 0 heteroátomo.
[0012] O termo “heterociclila” se refere a qualquer anel aromático ou não aromático, mono- ou bicíclico, contendo um ou mais heteroá- tomos.
[0013] O termo “alcóxi” se refere a um substituinte -OR.
[0014] O termo “acilóxi” se refere a um substituinte -OC(O)R.
[0015] O termo “ciano” se refere a um substituinte -C^N.
[0016] O termo “hidroxila” se refere a um substituinte -OH.
[0017] O termo “amino” se refere a um substituinte -N(R)2.
[0018] O termo “arilalcóxi” se refere a -O(CH2)nAr onde n é um inteiro selecionado da lista 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ou 6.
[0019] O termo “haloalcóxi” se refere a um substituinte -OR-X, onde X é Cl, F, Br ou I ou qualquer combinação dos mesmos.
[0020] O termo “haloalquila” se refere a uma alquila que é substituída com Cl, F, I ou Br ou qualquer combinação dos mesmos.
[0021] O termo “halogênio” ou “halo” se refere a um ou mais átomos de halogênio, definidos como F, Cl, Br e I.
[0022] O termo “nitro” se refere a um substituinte -NO2.
[0023] O termo tioalquila se refere a um substituinte -SR.
[0024] Em toda a presente descrição, referência aos compostos de Fórmula I é lida como também incluindo todos os estereoisômeros, por exemplo, diastereômeros, enantiômeros e misturas dos mesmos. Em uma outra modalidade, a Fórmula (I) é lida como também incluindo sais ou hidratos dos mesmos. Sais exemplares incluem, mas não estão limitados a, cloridrato, bromidrato, iodrato, trifluoracetato e trifluor- metanossulfonato.
[0025] É também compreendido por aqueles versados na técnica que substituição adicional é permissível, a menos que de outro modo mencionado, contanto que as regras de ligação química e energia de deformação sejam satisfeitas e os produtos ainda exibam atividade fungicida.
[0026] Uma outra modalidade da presente invenção é um uso de um composto de Fórmula I para proteção de uma planta contra ataque por um organismo patogênico ou o tratamento de uma planta infestada por um organismo fitopatogênico compreendendo a aplicação de um composto de fórmula I, ou uma composição compreendendo o composto, ao solo, uma planta, uma parte de uma planta, folhagem e/ou raízes.
[0027] Ainda, uma outra modalidade da presente invenção é uma composição útil para proteção de uma planta contra ataque por um organismo fitopatogênico e/ou tratamento de uma planta infestada por um organismo fitopatogênico compreendendo um composto de Fórmula I e um material veículo fitologicamente aceitável.
[0028] Os compostos de presente invenção podem ser aplicados através de qualquer uma de uma variedade de técnicas conhecidas, ou como os compostos ou como formulações compreendendo os compostos. Por exemplo, os compostos podem ser aplicados às raízes ou folhagem de plantas para o controle de vários fungos, sem prejudicar o valor comercial das plantas. Os materiais podem ser aplicados na forma de qualquer um dos tipos de formulação geralmente usados, por exemplo, como soluções, pós finos, pós umectantes, concentrado fluido ou concentrados emulsificáveis.
[0029] Preferivelmente, os compostos da presente invenção são aplicados na forma de uma formulação compreendendo um ou mais dos compostos de Fórmula I com um veículo fitologicamente aceitável. Formulações concentradas podem ser dispersas em água, ou outros líquidos, para aplicação ou as formulações podem ser do tipo pó fino ou granulares, que podem então ser aplicadas sem tratamento adicional. As formulações podem ser preparadas de acordo com procedimentos que são convencionais no campo de química agrícola.
[0030] A presente invenção compreende todos os veículos através dos quais um ou mais dos compostos podem ser formulados para administração e uso como um fungicida. Tipicamente, as formulações são aplicadas como suspensões ou emulsões aquosas. Tais suspensões ou emulsões podem ser produzidas a partir de formulações solúveis em água, que podem ser suspensas em água, ou emulsificáveis, que são sólidas, geralmente conhecidas como pós umectantes, ou líquidas, geralmente conhecidas como concentrados emulsificáveis, suspensões aquosas ou concentrados de suspensão. Como será prontamente compreendido, qualquer material ao qual esses compostos podem ser adicionados pode ser usado, contanto que ele forneça a utilidade desejada sem interferência significante com a atividade desses compostos como agentes antifúngicos.
[0031] Pós umectantes, que podem ser compactados para formar grânulos dispersáveis em água, compreendem uma mistura íntima de um ou mais dos compostos de Fórmula I, um veículo inerte e tensoati- vos. A concentração do composto no pó umectante pode ser de a partir de cerca de 10 por cento a cerca de 90 por cento em peso com base no peso total do pó umectante, mais preferivelmente cerca de 25 por cento em peso a cerca de 75 por cento em peso. Na preparação de formulações em pó umectante, os compostos podem ser compostos com qualquer sólido finamente dividido, tais como profilita, talco, giz, gipso, terra de Fuller, bentonita, atapulgita, amido, caseína, glúten, argilas montmorilonita, terras diatomáceas, silicatos purificados e similar. Em tais operações, o veículo finamente dividido e tensoativos são tipicamente misturados com o(s) composto(s) e moídos.
[0032] Concentrados emulsificáveis dos compostos de Fórmula I podem compreender uma concentração conveniente, tal como de a partir de cerca de 1 por cento em peso a cerca de 50 por cento em peso do composto, em um líquido adequado, com base no peso total do concentrado. Os compostos podem ser dissolvidos em um veículo inerte, que é ou um solvente miscível em água ou uma mistura de solventes orgânicos não miscíveis em água, e emulsificantes. Os concentrados podem ser diluídos com água e óleo para formar misturas de pulverização na forma de emulsões óleo-em-água. Solventes orgânicos úteis incluem aromáticos, especialmente as porções naftalênicas e olefínicas de alta ebulição de petróleo tal como nafta aromática pesada. Outros solventes orgânicos podem ser também usados, por exemplo, solventes terpênicos, incluindo derivados de colofônio, cetonas alifáticas, tal como ciclo-hexanona, e álcoois complexos, tal como 2- etoxietanol.
[0033] Emulsificantes que podem ser vantajosamente empregados aqui podem ser prontamente determinados por aqueles versados na técnica e incluem vários emulsificantes não iônicos, aniônicos, catiôni- cos e anfotéricos ou uma mistura de dois ou mais emulsificantes. Exemplos de emulsificantes não iônicos úteis na preparação dos concentrados emulsificáveis incluem os polialquileno glicol éteres e produtos de condensação de alquil e aril fenóis, álcoois alifáticos, aminas alifáticas ou ácidos graxos com óxido de etileno, óxidos de propileno tais como alquil fenóis etoxilados e ésteres caboxílicos solubilizados com o poliol ou poliloxialquileno. Emulsificantes catiônicos incluem compostos de amônio quaternário e sais de amina graxa. Emulsifican- tes aniônicos incluem sais solúveis em óleo (por exemplo, cálcio) de ácidos alquilaril sulfônicos, sais solúveis em óleo ou éteres de poliglicol sulfatados e sais apropriados de éter de poliglicol fosfatado.
[0034] Líquidos orgânicos representativos que podem ser empregados na preparação dos concentrados emulsificáveis dos compostos da presente invenção são os líquidos aromáticos tais como xileno, frações de propil benzeno; ou frações de naftaleno mistas, óleos minerais, líquidos orgânicos aromáticos substituídos tal como ftalato de dioctila; querosene; dialquil amidas de vários ácidos graxos, particular- mente as dimetil amidas de glicóis graxos e derivados de glicol tais como éter de n-butila, éter de etila ou éter de metila de dietileno glicol, o éter de metila de trietileno glicol, frações de petróleo ou hidrocarbo- netos tais como óleo mineral, solventes aromáticos, óleos parafínicos e similar; óleos vegetais tais como óleo de soja, óleo de semente de colza, óleo de oliva, óleo de rícino, óleo de semente de girassol, óleo de coco, óleo de milho, óleo de semente de algodão, óleo de semente de linhaça, óleo de palma, óleo de amendoim, óleo de açafrão, óleo de sésamo, óleo de tung e similar; ésteres dos óleos vegetais acima; e similar. Misturas de dois ou mais líquidos orgânicos podem ser tam-bém empregadas na preparação do concentrado emulsificável. Líquidos orgânicos incluem xileno e frações de propil benzeno, com xileno sendo mais preferido em alguns casos. Agentes de dispersão tensoa- tivos são tipicamente empregados em formulações líquidas e em uma quantidade de a partir de 0,1 a 20 por cento em peso com base no peso combinado do agente de dispersão com um ou mais dos compostos. As formulações podem também conter outros aditivos compatíveis, por exemplo, reguladores de crescimento de planta e outros compostos biologicamente ativos usados em agricultura.
[0035] Suspensões aquosas compreendem suspensões de um ou mais compostos insolúveis em água de Fórmula I, dispersos em um veículo aquoso em uma concentração na faixa de a partir de cerca de 1 a cerca de 50 por cento em peso, com base no peso total da suspensão aquosa. Suspensões são preparadas moendo finamente um ou mais dos compostos e misturando vigorosamente o material moído em um veículo compreendido de água e tensoativos selecionados dos mesmos tipos discutidos acima. Outros componentes, tais como sais inorgânicos e gomas sintéticas ou naturais, podem ser também adicionados para aumentar a densidade e a viscosidade do veículo aquoso.
[0036] Os compostos de Fórmula I podem ser também aplicados como formulações granulares, que são particularmente úteis para aplicações ao solo. Formulações granulares em geral contêm de a partir de cerca de 0,5 a cerca de 10 por cento em peso, com base no peso total da formulação granular do(s) composto(s), dispersos em um veículo inerte que consiste totalmente em ou em grande parte em material inerte dividido grosseiramente tal como atapulgita, bentonita, diato- mita, argila ou uma substância barata similar. Tais formulações são geralmente preparadas dissolvendo os compostos em um solvente adequado e aplicando a um veículo granular que foi pré-moldado para o tamanho de partícula apropriado, na faixa de a partir de cerca de 0,5 a cerca de 3 mm. Um solvente adequado é um solvente onde o composto é substancialmente ou completamente solúvel. Tais formulações também podem ser preparadas fazendo uma massa ou pasta do veículo e do composto e solvente e trituração e secagem para obter a partícula granular desejada.
[0037] Pós finos contendo os compostos de Fórmula I podem ser preparados misturando intimamente um ou mais dos compostos em forma de pó com um veículo agrícola em pó fino adequado tal como, por exemplo, argila caulim, rocha vulcânica triturada e similar. Pós finos podem conter adequadamente de a partir de cerca de 1 a cerca de 10 por cento em peso dos compostos, com base no peso total do pó fino.
[0038] As formulações podem conter ainda tensoativos adjuvants para aumentar deposição, umidificação e penetração dos compostos na cultura e organismo alvo. Esses tensoativos adjuvantes podem ser opcionalmente empregados como um componente da formulação ou como uma mistura de tanque. A quantidade de tensoativo adjuvante variará tipicamente de a partir de 0,01 a 1,0 por cento em volume, com base em um volume de pulverização de água, preferivelmente 0,05 a 0,5 por cento em volume. Tensoativos adjuvantes adequados incluem, mas não estão limitados a, nonil fenóis etoxilados, álcoois sintéticos ou naturais etoxilados, sais dos ésteres ou ácidos sulfossuccínicos, orga- nossilicones etoxilados, aminas graxas etoxiladas, misturas de tensoa- tivos com óleos minerais ou vegetais, concentrado de óleo de cultura (óleo mineral (85%) + emulsificantes (15%)); etoxilato de nonilfenol; sal de amônio quaternário de benzilcocoalquildimetila; mistura de hidro- carboneto de petróleo, ésteres de alquila, ácido orgânico e tensoativo aniônico; C9-C11 alquilpoliglicosídeo; etoxilato de álcool fosfatado; eto- xilato de álcool (C12-C16) primário natural; copolímero em bloco de EO- PO di-sec-butilfenol; cap de polissiloxano-metila; etoxilato de nonilfenol + nitrato de ureia amônio; óleo de semente metilado emulsificado; eto- xilato de álcool de tridecila (sintético) (8EO); etoxilato de amina de sebo (15 EO); PEG(400) dioleato-99. As formulações podem também incluir emulsões óleo-em-água tais como aquelas reveladas no Pedido de Patente U.S. No. de Série 11/495.228, cuja descrição é aqui expressamente incorporada a título de referência.
[0039] As formulações podem incluir opcionalmente combinações que contêm outros compostos pesticidas. Tais compostos pesticidas adicionais podem ser fungicidas, inseticidas, herbicidas, nematocidas, miticidas, artropodicidas, bactericidas ou combinações dos mesmos que são compatíveis com os compostos da presente invenção no meio selecionado para aplicação e não antagonistas para a atividade dos presentes compostos. Desta maneira, em tais modalidades, o outro composto pesticida é empregado como um tóxico suplementar para o mesmo uso pesticida ou para um diferente. Os compostos de Fórmula I e o composto pesticida na combinação podem geralmente estar presentes em uma razão em peso de a partir de 1:100 a 100:1.
[0040] Os compostos da presente invenção podem ser também combinados com outros fungicidas para formar misturas fungicidas ou misturas sinergísticas dos mesmos. Os compostos fungicidas da pre sente invenção são frequentemente aplicados em conjunto com um ou mais outros fungicidas para controlar uma ampla variedade de doenças indesejáveis. Quando usados em conjunto com outro(s) fungici- da(s), os compostos reivindicados aqui podem ser formulados com ou- tro(s) fungicida(s), misturados em tanque com outro(s) fungicida(s) ou aplicados sequencialmente com o(s) outro(s) fungicida(s). Tais outros fungicidas podem incluir 2-(tiocianatometiltio)-benzotiazol, 2-fenilfenol, sulfato de 8-hidroxiquinolina, ametoctradina, amissulbrom, antimicina, Ampelomyces quisqualis, azaconazol, azoxistrobina, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis cepa QST713, benalaxil, benomil, bentiavalicarbe- isopropila, benzovindiflupir, sal de benzilaminobenzeno-sulfonato (BABS), bicarbonatos, bifenila, bismertiazol, bitertanol, bixafeno, blas- ticidina-S, borax, mistura Bordeaux, boscalida, bromuconazol, bupiri- mato, polissulfeto de cálcio, captafol, captano, carbendazim, carboxi- na, carpropamida, carvona, clazafenona, cloronebe, clorotalonil, clozo- linato, Coniothyrium minitans, hidróxido de cobre, octanoato de cobre, oxicloreto de cobre, sulfato de cobre, sulfato de cobre (tribásico), cou- moxistrobina, óxido cuproso, ciazofamida, ciflufenamida, cimoxanil, ciproconazol, ciprodinil, dazomete, debacarbe, etilenobis- (ditiocarbamato) de diamônio, diclofluanida, diclorofeno, diclocimete, diclomezina, diclorano, dietofencarbe, difenoconazol, íon de difen- zoquate, diflumetorim, dimetomorfe, dimoxistrobina, diniconazol, dini- conazol-M, dinobutom, dinocape, difenilamina, dipimetitrona, ditianona, dodemorfe, acetato de dodemorfe, dodina, base livre de dodina, edi- fenfos, enestrobina, enestroburina, enoxastrobina, epoxiconazol, eta- boxam, etoxiquina, etridiazol, famoxadona, fenamidona, fenaminostro- bina, fenarimol, fenbuconazol, fenfuram, fenexamida, fenoxanil, fenpi- clonil, fenpropidina, fenpropimorfe, fenpirazamina, fentina, acetato de fentina, hidróxido de fentina, ferbam, ferimzona, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flufenoxistrobina, flumorfe, fluopicolida, fluopiram, fluorimida, fluoxas- trobina, fluquinconazol, flusilazol, flussulfamida, flutianil, flutolanil, flu- triafol, fluxapiroxade, folpete, formaldeído, fosetil, fosetil-alumínio, fu- beridazol, furalaxil, furametpir, guazatina, acetatos de guazatina, GY- 81, hexaclorobenzeno, hexaconazol, himexazol, imazalil, sulfato de imazalil, imibenconazol, iminoctadina, triacetato de iminoctadina, tris(albesilato) de iminoctadina, iodocarbe, ipconazol, ipfenpirazolona, iprobenfos, iprodiona, iprovalicarbe, isofetamida, isoprotiolano, isopira- zam, isotianil, casugamicina, hidrato de cloridrato de casugamicina, cresoxim-metila, laminarina, mancobre, mancozebe, mandestrobina, mandipropamida, manebe, mefenoxam, mepanipirim, mepronil, meptil- dinocape, cloreto mercúrico, óxido mercúrico, cloreto mercuroso, metalaxil, metalaxil-M, metam, metam-amônio, metam-potássio, metam- sódio, metconazol, metassulfocarbe, iodeto de metila, isotiocianato de metila, metiram, metominostrobina, metrafenona, mildiomicina, miclo- butanil, nabam, nitrotal-isopropila, nuarimol, octilinona, ofurace, ácido oleico (ácidos graxos), orisastrobina, oxadixil, oxatiapiprolina, oxina- cobre, fumarato de oxpoconazol, oxicarboxina, pefurazoato, pencona- zol, pencicurom, penflufeno, pentaclorofenol, laurato de pentaclorofeni- la, pentiopirade, acetato de fenilmercúrio, ácido fosfônico, ftalida, pi- carbutrazox, picoxistrobina, polioxina B, polioxinas, polioxorim, bicarbonato de potássio, sulfato de potássio de hidroxiquinolina, probena- zol, procloraz, procimidona, propamocarbe, cloridrato de propamocar- be, propiconazol, propinebe, proquinazida, protioconazol, piraclostro- bina, pirametostrobina, piraoxistrobina, piraziflumida, pirazofos, piri- bencarbe, piributicarbe, pirifenox, pirimetanil, piriofenona, pirisoxazol, piroquilona, quinoclamina, quinoxifeno, quintozeno, extrato de Reynou- tria sachalinensis, sedaxana, siltiofam, simeconazol, 2-fenilfenóxido de sódio, bicarbonato de sódio, pentaclorofenóxido de sódio, espiroxami- na, enxofre, SYP-Z048, óleos de alcatrão, tebuconazol, tebufloquina, tecnazeno, tetraconazol, tiabendazol, tifluzamida, tiofanato-metila, ti- ram, tiadinil, tolclofos-metila, tolprocarbe, tolilfluanida, triadimefom, tri- adimenol, triazóxido, triclopiricarbe, triciclazol, tridemorfe, trifloxistrobi- na, triflumizol, triforina, triticonazol, validamicina, valifenalato, valifenal, vinclozolina, zinebe, ziram, zoxamida, Candida oleophila, Fusarium oxysporum, Gliocladium spp., Phlebiopsis gigantea, Streptomyces gri- seoviridis, Trichoderma spp., (RS)-N-(3,5-diclorofenil)-2-(metoximetil)- succinimida, 1,2-dicloropropano, hidrato de 1,3-dicloro-1,1,3,3-tetraflu- oracetona, 1-cloro-2,4-dinitronaftaleno, 1-cloro-2-nitropropano, 2-(2- heptadecil-2-imidazolin-1-il)etanol, 1,1,4,4-tetraóxido de 2,3-diidro-5- fenil-1,4-ditiina, acetato de 2-metoxietilmercúrio, cloreto de 2-metoxie- tilmercúrio, silicato de 2-metoxietilmercúrio, 3-(4-clorofenil)-5-metilro- damina, 4-(2-nitroprop-1-enil)fenil tiocianatemo, ampropilfos, anilazina, azitiram, polissulfeto de bário, Bayer 32394, benodanil, benquinox, bentalurom, benzamacril; benzamacril-isobutila, benzamorfe, binapa- cril, sulfato de bis(metilmercúrio), óxido de bis(tributilestanho), butioba- to, sulfato de cromato de cádmio cálcio cobre zinco, carbamorfe, CECA, clobentiazona, cloraniformetano, clorfenazol, clorquinox, climba- zol, bis(3-fenilsalicilato) de cobre, cromato de cobre zinco, cufranebe, sulfato de hidrazino cúprico, cuprobam, ciclafuramida, cipendazol, ci- profuram, decafentina, diclona, diclozolina, diclobutrazol, dimetirimol, dinocton, dinossulfom, dinoterbom, dipiritiona, ditalimfos, dodicina, drazoxolona, EBP, ESBP, etaconazol, etem, etirim, fenaminossulfe, fenapanil, fenitropano, fluotrimazol, furcarbanil, furconazol, furconazol- cis, furmeciclox, furofanato, gliodina, griseofulvina, halacrinato, Hercules 3944, hexiltiofos, ICIA0858, isopamfos, isovalediona, mebenil, me- carbinzida, metazoxolona, metfuroxam, diciandiamida de metilmercú- rio, metsulfovax, milnebe, anidrido mucoclórico, miclozolina, N-3,5-di- clorofenil-succinimida, N-3-nitrofenilitaconimida, natamicina, N-etilmer- curio-4-toluenossulfonanilida, bis(dimetilditiocarbamato) de níquel, OCH, dimetilditiocarbamato de fenilmercúrio, nitrato de fenilmercúrio, fosdifeno, protiocarbe, cloridrato de protiocarbe, piracarbolida, piridini- trila, piroxiclor, piroxifur, quinacetol; sulfato de quinacetol, quinazami- da, quinconazol, rabenzazol, salicilanilida, SSF-109, sultropeno, teco- ram, tiadifluor, ticiofeno, tioclorfenfim, tiofanato, tioquinox, tioximida, triamifos, triarimol, triazbutil, triclamida, urbacida, zarilamida e quaisquer combinações dos mesmos.
[0041] Ainda, os compostos descritos aqui podem ser combinados com outros pesticidas, incluindo inseticidas, nematocidas, miticidas, artropodicidas, bactericidas ou combinações dos mesmos que são compatíveis com os compostos da presente invenção no meio selecionado para aplicação, e não antagonísticos para a atividade dos presentes compostos para formar misturas pesticidas e misturas sinergís- ticas dos mesmos. Os compostos fungicidas da presente invenção podem ser aplicados em conjunto com um ou mais outras pesticidas para controlar uma variedade maior de pestes indesejáveis. Quando usados em conjunto com outros pesticidas, os compostos reivindicados aqui podem ser formulados com o(s) outro(s) pesticida(s), misturados em tanque com o(s) outro(s) pesticida(s) ou aplicados sequencialmente com o(s) outro(s) pesticida(s). Inseticidas típicos incluem, mas não estão limitados a: 1,2-dicloropropano, abamectina, acefato, acetamiprida, acetiona, acetoprol, acrinatrina, acrilonitrila, afidopireno, alanicarbe, aldicarbe, aldoxicarbe, aldrina, aletrina, alosamidina, alixicarbe, alfa- cipermetrina, alfa-ecdisona, alfa-endossulfano, amiditiona, aminocar- be, amitom, oxalato de amitom, amitraz, anabasina, atidationa, azadi- ractina, azametifos, azinfos-etila, azinfos-metila, azotoato, hexafluorsi- licato de bário, bartrina, bendiocarbe, benfuracarbe, bensultape, beta- ciflutrina, beta-cipermetrina, bifentrina, bioaletrina, bioetanometrina, biopermetrina, bistriflurom, borax, ácido bórico, broflanilida, bromfen- vinfos, bromocicleno, bromo-DDT, bromofos, bromofos-etila, bufencar- be, buprofezina, butacarbe, butatiofos, butocarboxim, butonato, butoxi- carboxim, cadusafos, arsenato de cálcio, polissulfeto de cálcio, canfe- clor, carbanolato, carbaril, carbofurano, dissulfeto de carbono, tetracloreto de carbono, carbofenotiona, carbossulfano, cartape, cloridrato de cartape, clorantraniliprol, clorbicicleno, clordano, clordecona, clordime- forme, cloridrato de clordimeforme, cloretoxifos, clorfenapir, clorfenvin- fos, clorfluazurom, clormefos, clorofórmio, cloropicrina, clorfoxim, clor- prazofos, clorpirifos, clorpirifos-metila, clortiofos, cromafenozida, cine- rina I, cinerina II, cinerinas, cismetrina, cloetocarbe, closantel, clotiani- dina, acetoarsenita de cobre, arsenato de cobre, naftenato de cobre, oleato de cobre, coumafos, coumitoato, crotamitona, crotoxifos, crufo- mato, criolita, cianofenfos, cianofos, ciantoato, ciantraniliprol, cicletrina, cicloprotrina, ciflutrina, cialotrina, cipermetrina, cifenotrina, ciromazina, citioato, DDT, decarbofurano, deltametrina, demefiom, demefiom-O, demefiom-S, demetom, demetom-metila, demetom-O, demetom-O- metila, demetom-S, demetom-S-metila, demetom-S-metilsulfona, dia- fentiurom, dialifos, terra diatomácea, diazinona, dicaptom, diclofentio- na, diclorvos, dicloromezotiaz, dicresila, dicrotofos, diciclanil, dieldrina, diflubenzurom, dilor, dimeflutrina, dimefox, dimetano, dimetoato, dime- trina, dimetilvinfos, dimetilam, dinex, dinex-diclexina, dinoprope, dino- sam, dinotefuram, diofenolam, dioxabenzofos, dioxacarbe, dioxationa, dissulfotom, diticrofos, d-limoneno, DNOC, DNOC-amônio, DNOC- potássio, DNOC-sódio, doramectina, ecdisterona, emamectina, benzo- ato de emamectina, EMPC, empentrina, endossulfam, endotiona, en- drina, EPN, epofenonano, eprinomectina, esdepaletrina, esfenvalerato, etafos, etiofencarbe, etiom, etiprol, etoato-metila, etoprofos, formato de etila, etil-DDD, dibrometo de etileno, dicloreto de etileno, óxido de eti- leno, etofenprox, etrimfos, EXD, famfur, fenamifos, fenazaflor, fenclor- fos, fenetacarbe, fenflutrina, fenitrotiona, fenobucarbe, fenoxacrim, fe- noxicarbe, fenpiritrina, fenpropatrina, fensulfotiona, fentiona, fentiom- etila, fenvalerato, fipronil, flometoquina, flonicamida, flubendiamida, flucofurom, flucicloxurom, flucitrinato, flufenerim, flufenoxurom, flufen- prox, flufiprol, fluexafom, flupiradifurona, fluvalinato, fonofos, formeta- nato, cloridrato de formetanato, formotiom, formparanato, cloridrato de formparanato, fosmetilam, fospirato, fostietano, furatiocarbe, furetrina, gama-cialotrina, gama-HCH, halfenprox, halofenozida, HCH, HEOD, heptaclor, heptaflutrina, heptenofos, heterofos, hexaflumurom, HHDN, hidrametilnom, cianida de hidrogênio, hidropreno, hiquincarbe, imi- dacloprida, imiprotrina, indoxacarbe, iodometano, IPSP, isazofos, iso- benzano, isocarbofos, isodrina, isofenfos, isofenfos-metila, isoprocar- be, isoprotiolano, isotioato, isoxationa, ivermectina, jasmolina I, jasmo- lina II, jodfenfos, hormônio juvenil I, hormônio juvenil II, hormônio juvenil III, kappa-bifentrina, kappa-teflutrina, quelevam, quinopreno, lamb- da-cialotrina, arsenato de chumbo, lepimectina, leptofos, lindano, lirim- fos, lufenurom, litidationa, malatiom, malonobeno, mazidox, mecar- bam, mecarfom, menazom, mefosfolano, cloreto mercúrico, messulfen- fos, metaflumizona, metacrifos, metamidofos, metidationa, metiocarbe, metocrotofos, metomila, metopreno, metoxiclor, metoxifenozida, brometo de metila, isotiocianato de metila, metilclorofórmio, cloreto de me- tileno, metoflutrina, metolcarbe, metoxadiazona, mevinfos, mexacarba- to, milbemectina, milbemicin oxima, mipafox, mirex, molossultape, momfluortrina, monocrotofos, monomehypo, monossultape, morfotio- na, moxidectina, naftalofos, nalede, naftaleno, nicotina, nifluridida, ni- tenpiram, nitiazina, nitrilacarbe, novalurom, noviflumurom, ometoato, oxamil, oxidemetom-metila, oxideprofos, oxidissulfotom, para- diclorobenzeno, paratiom, paratiom-metila, penflurom, pentaclorofenol, permetrina, fencapton, fenotrina, fentoato, forato, fosalona, fosfolano, fosmete, fosniclor, fosfamidona, fosfina, foxim, foxim-metila, pirimeta- fos, pirimicarbe, pirimifos-etila, pirimifos-metila, arsenita de potássio, tiocianato de potássio, pp'-DDT, praletrina, precoceno I, precoceno II, precoceno III, primidofos, profenofos, profluralina, promacil, promecar- be, propafos, propetamfos, propoxur, protidationa, protiofos, protoato, protrifenbute, piflubumida, piraclofos, pirafluprol, pirazofos, piresmetri- na, piretrina I, piretrina II, piretrinas, piridabeno, piridalil, piridafentiona, pirifluquinazona, pirimidifeno, piriminostrobina, pirimitato, piriprol, piri- proxifeno, quassia, quinalfos, quinalfos-metila, quinotiona, rafoxanida, resmetrina, rotenona, riania, sabadila, escradana, selamectina, sila- fluofeno, sílica gel, arsenita de sódio, fluoreto de sódio, hexafluorsilica- to de sódio, tiocianato de sódio, sofamida, espinetoram, espinosade, espiromesifeno, espirotetramato, sulcofurom, sulcofurom-sódio, sulflu- ramida, sulfotepe, sulfoxaflor, fluoreto de sulfurila, sulprofos, tau- fluvalinato, tazimcarbe, TDE, tebufenozida, tebufenpirade, tebupirim- fos, teflubenzurom, teflutrina, temefos, TEPP, teraletrina, terbufos, te- tracloroetano, tetraclorvinfos, tetrametrina, tetrametilflutrina, teta- cipermetrina, tiacloprida, tiametoxam, ticrofos, tiocarboxima, tiociclam, oxalato de tiociclam, tiodicarbe, tiofanox, tiometom, tiossultape, tiossulta- pe-dissódio, tiossultape-monossódio, turingiensina, tolfenpirade, tolfenpi- rade, tralometrina, transflutrina, transpermetrina, triarateno, triazamato, triazofos, triclorfom, triclormetafos-3, tricloronato, trifenofos, triflumurom, trimetacarbe, tripreno, vamidotiona, vaniliprol, XMC, xililcarbe, zeta-ci- permetrina, zolaprofos e quaisquer combinações dos mesmos.
[0042] Ainda, os compostos descritos aqui podem ser combinados com herbicidas que são compatíveis com os compostos da presente invenção no meio selecionado para aplicação e não antagonísticos para a atividade dos presentes compostos para formar misturas pesticidas e misturas sinergísticas dos mesmos. Os compostos fungicidas da presente invenção podem ser aplicados em conjunto com um ou mais herbicidas para controlar uma ampla variedade de plantas indesejáveis. Quando usados em conjunto com herbicidas, os compostos aqui reivindicados podem ser formulados com o(s) herbicida(s), misturados em tanque com o(s) herbicida(s) ou aplicados sequencialmente com o(s) herbicida(s). Herbicidas típicos incluem, mas não estão limitados a: 4-CPA; 4-CPB; 4-CPP; 2,4-D; 3,4-DA; 2,4-DB; 3,4-DB; 2,4DEB; 2,4-DEP; 3,4-DP; 2,3,6-TBA; 2,4,5-T; 2,4,5-TB; acetoclor, aciflu- orfeno, aclonifeno, acroleína, alaclor, alidoclor, aloxidim, álcool alílico, aloraque, ametridiona, ametrina, amibuzina, amicarbazona, amidossul- furom, aminociclopiraclor, aminopiralida, amiprofos-metila, amitrol, sulfamato de amônio, anilofos, anisurom, asulam, atratona, atrazina, aza- fenidina, azimsulfurom, aziprotrina, barbam, BCPC, beflubutamida, be- nazolina, bencarbazona, benfluralina, benfuresato, bensulfurom, ben- sulida, bentazona, benzadox, benzfendizona, benzipram, benzobici- clona, benzofenape, benzofluor, benzoilprope, benztiazurom, biciclopi- rona, bifenox, bilanafos, bispiribaque, borax, bromacil, bromobonil, bromobutida, bromofenoxim, bromoxinil, brompirazom, butaclor, buta- fenacil, butamifos, butenaclor, butidazol, butiurom, butralina, butroxi- dim, buturom, butilato, ácido cacodílico, cafenstrol, clorato de cálcio, cianoamida de cálcio, cambendiclor, carbasulam, carbetamida, carbo- xazol, clorprocarbe, carfentrazona, CDEA, CEPC, clometoxifeno, clo- rambeno, cloranocril, clorazifope, clorazina, clorbromurom, clorbufam, cloreturom, clorfenaco, clorfenprope, clorflurazol, clorflurenol, clori- dazom, clorimurom, clornitrofeno, cloropom, clorotolurom, cloroxurom, cloroxinil, clorprofam, clorsulfurom, clortal, clortiamida, cinidom-etila, cinmetilina, cinossulfurom, cisanilida, cletodim, cliodinato, clodinafope, clofope, clomazona, clomeprope, cloprope, cloproxidim, clopiralida, cloransulam, CMA, sulfato de cobre, CPMF, CPPC, credazina, cresol, cumilurom, cianatrina, cianazina, cicloato, ciclopirimorato, ciclossulfa- murom, cicloxidim, ciclurom, cialofope, ciperquate, ciprazina, ciprazol, cipromida, daimurom, dalapom, dazomete, delaclor, desmedifam, desmetrina, di-alato, dicamba, diclobenil, dicloralureia, diclormato, di- clorprope, diclorprope-P, diclofope, diclosulam, dietamquato, dietatil, difenopenteno, difenoxurom, difenzoquato, diflufenicano, diflufenzopir, dimefurom, dimepiperato, dimetaclor, dimetametrina, dimetenamida, dimetenamida-P, dimexano, dimidazom, dinitramina, dinofenato, dinoprope, dinosam, dinosebe, dinoterbe, difenamida, dipropetrina, diqua- to, dissul, ditiopir, diurom, DMPA, DNOC, DSMA, EBEP, eglinazina, endotal, epronaz, EPTC, erbona, esprocarbe, etalfluralina, etametsul- furom, etidimurom, etiolato, etofumesato, etoxifeno, etoxissulfurom, etinofeno, etnipromida, etobenzanida, EXD, fenassulam, fenoprope, fenoxaprope, fenoxaprope-P, fenoxassulfona, fenquinotriona, fentera- col, fentiaprope, fentrazamida, fenurom, sulfato ferroso, flamprope, flamprope-M, flazassulfurom, florasulam, fluazifope, fluazifope-P, flu- azolato, flucarbazona, flucetossulfurom, flucloralina, flufenacete, flufe- nicam, flufenpir, flumetsulam, flumezina, flumicloraque, flumioxazina, flumipropina, fluometurom, fluordifeno, fluorglicofeno, fluormidina, fluo- rnitrofeno, fluotiurom, flupoxam, flupropacil, flupropanato, flupirsulfu- rom, fluridona, flurocloridona, fluroxipir, flurtamona, flutiacete, fomesa- feno, foramsulfurom, fosamina, furiloxifeno, glufosinato, glufosinato-P, glifosato, halauxifeno, halosafeno, halossulfurom, haloxidina, haloxi- fope, haloxifope-P, hexacloroacetona, hexaflurato, hexazinona, ima- zametabenz, imazamox, imazapique, imazapir, imazaquina, imazeta- pir, imazossulfurom, indanofam, indaziflam, iodobonil, iodometano, io- dossulfurom, ioxinil, ipazina, ipfencarbazona, iprimidam, isocarbamida, isocil, isometiozina, isonorurom, isopolinato, isopropalina, isoproturom, isourom, isoxabeno, isoxaclortol, isoxaflutol, isoxapirifope, carbutilato, cetospiradox, lactofeno, lenacil, linurom, MAA, MAMA, MCPA, MCPA- tioetila, MCPB, mecoprope, mecoprope-P, medinoterbe, mefenacete, mefluidida, mesoprazina, mesossulfurom, mesotriona, metam, metami- fope, metamitrom, metazaclor, metazossulfurom, metflurazom, meta- benztiazurom, metalpropalina, metazol, metiobencarbe, metiozolina, metiurom, metometom, metoprotrina, brometo de metila, isotiocianato de metila, metildimrom, metobenzurom, metobromurom, metolaclor, metosulam, metoxurom, metribuzina, metsulfurom, molinato, monalida, monisourom, ácido monocloroacético, monolinurom, monurom, mor- famquate, MSMA, naproanilida, napropamida, napropamida-M, napta- lam, neburom, nicossulfurom, nipiraclofeno, nitralina, nitrofeno, nitro- fluorfeno, norflurazom, norurom, OCH, orbencarbe, orto-diclorobenze- no, ortossulfamurom, orizalina, oxadiargila, oxadiazona, oxapirazona, oxassulfurom, oxaziclomefona, oxifluorfeno, paraflurom, paraquate, pebulato, ácido pelargônico, pendimetalina, penoxsulam, pentaclorofe- nol, pentanoclor, pentoxazona, perfluidona, petoxamida, fenisofam, fenmedifam, fenmedifam-etila, fenobenzurom, acetato de fenilmercú- rio, picloram, picolinafeno, pinoxadeno, piperofos, arsenita de potássio, azida de potássio, cianato de potássio, pretilaclor, primissulfurom, pro- ciazina, prodiamina, profluazol, profluralina, profoxidim, proglinazina, prometom, prometrina, propaclor, propanil, propaquizafope, propazina, profam, propisoclor, propoxicarbazona, propirissulfurom, propizamida, prossulfalina, prossulfocarbe, prossulfurom, proxano, prinaclor, pida- nona, piraclonila, piraflufeno, pirassulfotol, pirazolinato, pirazossulfu- rom, pirazoxifeno, piribenzoxim, piributicarbe, piriclor, piridafol, piridato, poriftalida, piriminobaque, pirimissulfano, piritiobaque, piroxassulfona, piroxsulam, quincloraque, quinmeraque, quinoclamina, quinonamida, quizalofope, quizalofope-P, rodetanil, rimsulfurom, saflufenacil, S- metolaclor, sebutilazina, secbumetom, setoxidim, sidurom, simazina, simetom, simetrina, SMA, arsenita de sódio, azida de sódio, clorato de sódio, sulcotriona, sulfalato, sulfentrazona, sulfometurom, sulfossulfu- rom, ácido sulfúrico, sulglicapina, swep, TCA, tebutam, tebutiurom, te- furiltriona, tembotriona, tepraloxidim, terbacil, terbucarbe, terbuclor, terbumetom, terbutilazina, terbutrina, tetraflurom, tenilclor, tiazaflurom, tiazopir, tidiazimina, tidiazurom, tiencarbazona-metila, tifensulfurom, tiobencarbe, tiocarbazil, tioclorim, tolpiralato, topramezona, tralcoxidim, triafamona, tri-alato, triassulfurom, triaziflam, tribenurom, tricamba, tri- clopir, tridifano, trietazina, trifloxissulfurom, trifluralina, triflussulfurom, trifope, trifopsima, triidroxitriazina, trimeturom, tripropindano, tritaque, tritossulfurom, vernolato e xilaclor.
[0043] Uma outra modalidade da presente invenção é um método para o controle ou prevenção de ataque fúngico. Este método compreende aplicação ao solo, planta, raízes, folhagem ou locus do fungo, ou a um locus onde a infestação deve ser prevenida (por exemplo, aplicando a plantas de cereal ou uva), de uma quantidade fungicidamente eficaz de um ou mais dos compostos de Fórmula I. Os compostos são adequados para tratamento de várias plantas em níveis fungicidas, enquanto exibindo baixa fitotoxidez. Os compostos podem ser úteis ambos de uma maneira protetora e/ou erradicadora.
[0044] Os compostos foram verificados ter efeito fungicida signifi-cante particularmente para uso agrícola. Muitos dos compostos são particularmente eficazes para uso com culturas agrícolas e plantas horticulturais.
[0045] Será compreendido por aqueles versados na técnica que a eficácia do composto para os fungos acima estabelece a utilidade geral dos compostos como fungicidas.
[0046] Os compostos têm faixas amplas de atividade contra pató-genos fúngicos. Patógenos exemplares podem incluir, mas não estão limitados a, agente causador da mancha da folha do trigo (Zymosepto- ria tritici), ferrugem da folha do trigo (Puccinia triticina), ferrugem da listra do trigo (Puccinia striiformis), crosta da maçã (Venturia inaequa- lis), oídio da videira (Uncinula necator), queima da cevada (Rhynchos- porium secalis), brusone do arroz (Pyricularia oryzae), ferrugem da soja (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), mancha da gluma do trigo (Leptosphaeria nodorum), oídio do trigo (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici), oídio da cevada (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei), oídio das cucurbitas (Erysiphe ci- choracearum), antracnose das cucurbitas (Colletotrichum lagenarium), mancha da folha da beterraba (Cercospora beticola), pinta preta grande do tomate (Alternaria solani) e mancha marrom da cevada (Co- chliobolus sativus). A quantidade exata do material ativo a ser aplicada depende não apenas do material ativo específico sendo aplicado, mas também da ação particular desejada, da espécie fúngica a ser controlada e do estágio de crescimento da mesma, bem como a parte da planta ou outro produto a ser contatado com o composto. Desta maneira, todos dos compostos, e formulações contendo os mesmos, podem não ser igualmente eficazes em concentrações similares ou contra a mesma espécie fúngica.
[0047] Os compostos são eficazes em uso com plantas em uma quantidade de inibição de doença e fitologicamente aceitável. O termo “quantidade de inibição de doença e fitologicamente aceitável” se refere a uma quantidade de um composto que mata ou inibe a doença da planta para a qual controle é desejado, mas não é significantemente tóxica para a planta. Esta quantidade é geralmente de a partir de cerca de 0,1 a cerca de 1000 ppm (partes por milhão), com 1 a 500 ppm sendo preferido. A concentração exata de composto requerida varia com a doença fúngica a ser controlada, o tipo de formulação empregado, o método de aplicação, a espécie de planta particular, condições climáticas e similar. Uma taxa de aplicação adequada está tipicamente na faixa de a partir de cerca de 0,01 a 0,45 grama por metro quadrado, g/m2 (0,10 a cerca de 4 libras/acre).
[0048] Qualquer faixa ou valor desejado dado aqui pode ser estendido ou alterado sem perda dos efeitos buscados, como é aparente ao versado na técnica para uma compreensão dos presentes ensinamentos.
[0049] Os compostos de Fórmula I podem ser feitos usando procedimentos químicos bem conhecidos. Intermediários não especificamente mencionados na presente descrição ou estão comercialmente disponíveis, podem ser feitos através das vias reveladas na literatura química ou podem ser prontamente sintetizados a partir de materiais de partida comerciais utilizando procedimentos padrão.
[0050] Os esquemas que seguem ilustram abordagens para gera ção de compostos picolinamida de Fórmula I. As descrições e exemplos que seguem são providos para propósitos ilustrativos e não devem ser considerados como limitantes em termos de substituintes ou padrões de substituição.
[0051] Compostos de Fórmula 1.1, onde R3 e R12 são como originalmente definidos e são equivalentes, podem ser preparados através dos métodos mostrados no Esquema 1, etapa a. O composto de Fórmula 1.0 pode ser tratada com um nucleófilo organometálico tal como brometo de fenilmagnésio (PhMgBr) em um solvente aprótico polar tal como tetraidrofurano (THF) em uma temperatura de cerca de 0o C a 23°C para fornecer compostos de Fórmula 1.1, onde R3 e R12 são como anteriormente definido, como mostrado em a.Esquema 1
[0052] Compostos de Fórmula 2.2, onde R3 é como originalmente definido e pode ou não ser igual a R12, podem ser preparados através dos métodos mostrados no Esquema 2, etapas a-c. Compostos de Fórmula 2.2, onde R3 e R12 são como anteriormente definidos, mas não um grupo arila ou heteroarila deficiente em elétron e podem ou não ser equivalentes, podem ser obtidos através de tratamento dos compostos de Fórmula 2.0, onde R3 e R12 são como anteriormente definidos, mas não um grupo arila ou heteroarila deficiente em elétron e podem ou não ser equivalentes, com uma mistura de reagente hidreto, tal como trietilsilano (Et2SiH) e um ácido, tal como ácido 2,2,2- trifluoracético (TFA) em um solvente halogenado tal como diclorome- tano (DCM) em uma temperatura de cerca de 0o C a 23°C, como mostrado em a. Alternativamente, compostos de Fórmula 2.1, onde R3 e R12 são um grupo arila ou heteroarila deficiente em elétron e podem ou não ser equivalentes, podem ser obtidos através de tratamento dos compostos de Fórmula 2.0, onde R3 e R12 são um grupo arila ou hete- roarila deficiente em elétron e podem ou nãos ser equivalentes, com uma base, tal como hidreto de sódio (NaH) e um catalisador, tal como imidazol, em um solvente aprótico polar tal como THF em uma temperatura de cerca de 23°C, seguido por adição sequencial de dissulfeto de carbono (CS2) e um iodeto de alquila, tal como iodometano (MeI), como mostrado em b. Compostos de Fórmula 2.2, onde R3 e R12 são um grupo arila ou heteroarila deficiente em elétron e podem ou não ser equivalentes, podem ser obtidos através de tratamento dos compostos de Fórmula 2.1, onde R3 e R12 são como anteriormente definidos e podem ou não ser equivalentes, com um reagente de estanho, tal como hidreto de tributilestanho, e um iniciador de radical, tal como azobi- sisobutironitrila (AIBN), em um solvente não polar tal como tolueno em uma temperatura de cerca de 115°C, como mostrado em c.Esquema 2
[0053] Compostos de Fórmula 3.1, onde R3 e R12 são como orgi-nalmente definido e podem ou não ser equivalentes, podem ser prepa rados de acordo com o método mostrado no Esquema 3, etapa a. Compostos de Fórmula 3.1, onde R3 e R12 são como originalmente definidos e podem ou não ser equivalentes, podem ser preparados a partir dos compostos de Fórmula 3.0, onde R3 e R12 são como anteriormente definidos e podem ou não ser equivalentes, através de tratamento com uma base, tal como NaH e um haleto de alquila, tal como MeI, em um solvente aprótico polar tal como N,N-dimetilformamida (DMF) em uma temperatura de cerca de 0o C a 23°C, como mostrado em a.Esquema 3
[0054] Compostos de Fórmula 4.1, onde R3 e R12 são como originalmente definidos e podem ou não ser equivalentes, podem ser preparados de acordo com o método mostrado no Esquema 4, etapa a. Compostos de Fórmula 4.1, onde R3 e R12 são como originalmente definidos e podem ou não ser equivalentes, podem ser preparados a partir de compostos de Fórmula 4.0, onde R3 e R12 são como anteriormente definidos e podem ou não ser equivalentes, através de tratamento com um reagente de fluoração, tal como trifluoreto de (dietilami- no)enxofre (DAST), em um solvente halogenado tal como DCM em uma temperatura de cerca de 0o C a 23°C, como mostrado em a.Esquema 4
[0055] Compostos de Fórmula 5.3, onde R3, R4 e R12 são como originalmente definidos e R3 pode ou não ser equivalente a R12, podem ser preparados de acordo com os métodos mostrados no Esquema 5, etapas a-c. Compostos de Fórmula 5.3, onde R3, R4 e R12 são como originalmente definidos e R3 pode ou não ser equivalente a R12, podem ser preparados a partir de compostos de Fórmula 5.0, onde R3, R4 e R12 são como originalmente definidos e R3 pode ou não ser equivalente a R12, através de tratamento com um catalisador tal como paládio sobre carbono (Pd/C) em uma mistura de um solvente de hidrocarbo- neto insaturado, tal como ciclo-hexeno, e um solvente prótico polar, tal como etanol (EtOH), em uma temperatura elevada de cerca de 65°C, como mostrado em a. Alternativamente, compostos de Fórmula 5.3, onde R3 e R12 são um grupo arila ou heteroarila deficiente em elétron e podem ou não ser equivalentes e R4 é hidroxila (OH) ou alcóxi, podem ser obtidos através de tratamento de compostos de Fórmula 5.1, onde R3, R4 e R12 são como anteriormente definidos e R3 pode ou não ser equivalente a R12, com uma mistura de reagente de hidreto, tal como Et3SiH, e um ácido, tal como TFA, em um solvente halogenado tal como DCM em uma temperatura de cerca de 0o C a 23°C como indicado em b. Ainda, compostos de Fórmula 5.3, onde R3 e R12 são como originalmente definido, mas não um grupo arila ou heteroarila deficiente em elétron e podem ou não ser equivalentes, e R4 é um próton (H), podem ser obtidos através de tratamento dos compostos de Fórmula 5.2, onde R3, R4 e R12 são como anteriormente definidos e R3 pode ou não ser equivalente a R12, com uma mistura de reagente de hidreto, tal como Et3SiH, e um ácido, tal como TFA, em um solvente halogenado tal como DCM em uma temperatura de cerca de 0o C a 23°C, como mostrado em c. Esquema 5
[0056] Compostos de Fórmula 6.2, onde R3 e R12 são um grupo arila ou heteroarila deficiente em elétron e equivalente, podem ser preparados de acordo com os métodos mostrados no Esquema 6, etapas a-b. Compostos de Fórmula 6.1, onde R3 e R12 são como anteriormente descrito, podem ser preparados a partir de composto de Fórmula 6.0, através de tratamento com um brometo de arila, tal como 4-bromobenzonitrila, na presença de um catalisador de Pd, tal como Xphos Pd G3 (No. CAS 1445085-55-1-, comercialmente disponível da Sigma-Aldrich), em um solvente aprótico polar tal como THF em uma temperatura de cerca de 55°C, como indicado em a. Compostos de Fórmula 6.2, onde R3 e R12 são como anteriormente descrito, podem ser preparados a partir de composto de Fórmula 6.1, onde R3 e R12 são como anteriormente descrito, através de tratamento com um reagente de hidreto, tal como complexo de sulfeto de dimetil borano, na presença de um catalisador, tal como (R)-(+)-2-Metil-CBS-oxazaborolidina, em um solvente prótico polar, tal como metanol (MeOH), em uma temperatura de cerca de 0o C, como indicado em b.Esquema 6
[0057] Compostos de Fórmula 7.2, onde R3 e R12 são como originalmente definidos e equivalentes, podem ser preparados de acordo com os métodos mostrados no Esquema 7, etapas a-b. Compostos de Fórmula 7.1, onde R3 e R12 são como anteriormente descrito, podem ser preparados a partir de compostos de Fórmula 7.0, através de tratamento com um catalisador, tal como SbCl5, em um solvente halo- genado tal como DCM em uma temperatura de cerca de 23°C, como indicado em a. Compostos de Fórmula 7.2, onde R3 e R12 são como anteriormente descrito, podem ser preparados a partir de composto de Fórmula 7.1, onde R3 e R12 são como anteriormente descrito, através de tratamento com um reagente de hidreto, tal como complexo de sul-feto de dimetil borano, na presença de um catalisador, tal como (R)- (+)-2-Metil-CBS-oxaborolidina, em um solvente prótico polar, tal como metanol (MeOH), em uma temperatura de cerca de 23°C, como indicado em b.Esquema 7
[0058] Compostos de Fórmula 8.1, onde n é ou 0 ou 1, e W é ou CH2 ou O, podem ser preparados de acordo com o método mostrado no Esquema 8, etapa a. Compostos de Fórmula 8.1, onde n é ou 0 ou 1, e W é ou CH2 ou O, podem ser preparados a partir de compostos de Fórmula 8.0, onde n é ou 0 ou 1, e W é ou CH2 ou O, através de tratamento com uma base, tal como n-butillítio (n-BuLi), e um aldeído, tal como acetaldeído, em um solvente aprótico polar tal como THF em uma temperatura de cerca de -78°C a 23°C, como indicado em a.Esquema 8
[0059] Compostos de Fórmula 9.1, onde R3 e R12 são como originalmente definidos, podem ser preparados de acordo com o método mostrado no Esquema 9, etapa a. Compostos de Fórmula 9.1, onde R3 e R12 são como originalmente definidos, podem ser preparados a partir de compostos de Fórmula 9.0, onde R3 é como originalmente definido (Fórmula 9.0 é ou comercialmente disponível ou poderia ser preparado a partir de epoxidação de Shi assimétrica do precursor de E-olefina correspondente, como relatado em Wang, Z, -X; Tu, Y.; Frohn, M.; Zhang, J. -R.; Shi, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119,11224), através de tratamento com uma suspensão premisturada de sal de cobre(I), tal como iodeto de cobre (CuI), e um nucleófilo orga- nometálico, tal como brometo de 4-(trifluormetil)fenilmagnésio, em um solvente aprótico polar, tal como THF, em uma temperatura de cerca de -78°C a 23°C, como mostrado em a.Esquema 9
[0060] Compostos de Fórmula 10.2, onde R1, R2, R3, R4 e R12 são como originalmente definidos, podem ser preparados de acordo com o método mostrado no Esquema 10, etapa a. Compostos de Fórmula 10.0, onde R1 é como originalmente definido, podem ser tratados com álcoois de Fórmula 10.1, onde R2, R3, R4 e R12 são como originalmente definidos, e um reagente de acoplamento, tal como cloridrato de 3- (etiliminometilenoamino)-N,N-dimetilpropan-1-amina (EDC), e um catalisador, tal como N,N-dimetilpiridin-4-amina (DMAP), em um solvente halogenado tal como DCM para fornecer compostos de Fórmula 10.2, onde R1, R2, R3, R4 e R12 são como anteriormente definido, como mostrado em a.Esquema 10
[0061] Compostos de Fórmula 11.2, onde R1, R2, R3, R4, R6, R12 e Z são como originalmente definidos, podem ser preparados de acordo com os métodos mostrados no Esquema 11, etapas a-b. Como mostrado em a, compostos de Fórmula 11.2, onde R1, R2, R3, R4 e R12 são como originalmente definidos, podem ser submetidos a um ácido, tal como uma solução 4 Normal (N) de cloreto de hidrogênio (HCl) em dioxana, em um solvente halogenado tal como DCM para fornecer compostos de Fórmula 9.0, onde R1, R2, R3, R4 e R12 são como originalmente definidos, como mostrado em a.
[0062] Compostos de Fórmula 11.0, onde R1, R2, R3, R4 e R12 são como originalmente definidos, podem ser tratados com compostos de Fórmula 11.1, onde R6 e Z são como originalmente definidos, na presença de uma base, tal como diisopropiletilamina (DIPEA), e um reagente de acoplamento de peptídeo, tal como hexafluorfosfato de ben- zotriazol-1-il-oxitripirrolidinofosfônio (PyBOP), em um solvente haloge- nado tal como DCM, para fornecer compostos de Fórmula 11.2, onde R1, R2, R3, R4, R6, R12 e Z são como originalmente definidos, como mostrado em b.Esquema 11
[0063] Compostos de Fórmula 12.0, onde R1, R2, R3, R4, R6, R7,R12 e Z são como originalmente definidos, podem ser preparados de acordo com o método mostrado no Esquema 12, etapa a. Como mostrado em a, compostos de Fórmula 11.2, onde R1, R2, R3, R4, R6, R12 e Z são como originalmente definidos, podem ser tratados com um hale- to de alquila apropriado com ou sem um reagente tal como iodeto de sódio (NaI) e uma base de carbonato alcalina, tal como carbonato de sódio (Na2CO3) ou carbonato de potássio (K2CO3), em um solvente tal como acetona em uma temperatura de cerca de 55°C, ou através de tratamento com um haleto de acila na presença de uma base amina, tal como piridina, trietilamina (Et3N), DMAP, ou uma mistura dos mesmos, em um solvente aprótico tal como DCM, em uma temperatura de cerca de 23°C, para fornecer compostos de Fórmula 12.0, onde R1, R2, R3, R4, R6, R7, R12 e Z são como originalmente definidos.Esquema 12
[0064] A química nos exemplos que seguem pode ser conduzida usando ou enantiômero de ácido 2-((terc-butoxicarbonil)amino)propanoico (Boc-Ala-OH) ou enantiômero protegido (PMB ou Bn) ou não protegido de lactato de etila.Exemplo 1: preparação de (S)-2-(benziloxi)-1,1-bis(4-fluorfenil)propan- 1-ol
[0065] A uma solução de 2-(benziloxi)propanoato de (S)-etila (2,08 gramas (g), 10,0 milimoles (mmol)) em tetraidrofurano (THF; 20 mililitros (mL)) a 0o C foi lentamente adicionado brometo de (4- fluorfenil)magnésio (31,3 mL, 25,0 mmol, 0,8 molar (M) em THF) durante um período de 10 minutos (min). O recipiente de reação foi deixado aquecer lentamente para a temperatura ambiente durante 2 horas (h) e a mistura de reação foi extinta através da adição cuidadosa de cloreto de amônio aquoso (aq.) saturado (sat.) (NH4Cl; 50 mL). A mistura foi diluída com éter de dietila (Et2O; 50 mL), as fases foram separadas e a fase aquosa foi extraída com Et2O (2 x 50 mL). As fases orgânicas combinadas foram lavadas com cloreto de sódio aquoso sa-turado (NaCl, salmoura, 100 mL), secas em sulfato de sódio (Na2SO4), filtradas e concentradas. O óleo resultante foi purificado através de cromatografia de coluna rápida (sílica-gel (SÍO2), 0^5% de acetona em hexanos) para fornecer o composto do título (3,28 g, 93%) como um óleo incolor: 1H RMN (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7,47 - 7,38 (m, 2H), 7,38 - 7,27 (m, 5H), 7,17 - 7,09 (m, 2H), 7,04 - 6,89 (m, 4H), 4,64 (dd, J = 11,4, 0,7 Hz, 1H), 4,51 - 4,38 (m, 2H), 3,12 (s, 1H), 1,11 (d, J = 6,1 Hz, 3H); 19F RMN (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ -116,19, -116,41; ESIMS m/z 377 ([M+Na]+). Exemplo 2A: preparação de (S)-4,4’-(2-benziloxi)propano-1,1-diil)bis (fluorbenzeno)
[0066] A uma solução de (S)-2-(benziloxi)-1,1-bis(4-fluorfenil)pro-pan-1-ol (709 miligramas (mg), 2,00 mmol) em diclorometano (DCM; 20 mL) a 0o C foi adicionado trietilsilano (Et3SiH; 3,19 mL, 20,0 mmol) seguido por ácido 2,2,2-trifluoracético (TFA; 1,53 mL, 20,0 mmol). A mistura foi agitada a 0o C por 1 h. A solução resultante foi extinta através da adição cuidadosa de bicarbonato de sódio aquoso saturado (NaHCO3; 20 mL). As fases foram separadas e a fase aquosa foi extraída com DCM (2 x 30 mL). As fases orgânicas combinadas foram lavadas com salmoura (50 mL), secas em Na2SO4, filtradas e concentradas. O óleo resultante foi purificado através de cromatografia de coluna rápida (SÍO2, 0^10% de acetona em hexanos) para fornecer o composto do título (627 mg, 92%) como um sólido branco: 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7,31 - 7,22 (m, 5H), 7,21 - 7,16 (m, 2H), 7,10 - 7,03 (m, 2H), 7,00 - 6,91 (m, 4H), 4,54 (dd, J - 11,5, 0,7 Hz, 1H), 4,31 (dd, J = 11,6, 0,8 Hz, 1H), 4,14 (dq, J = 8,1, 6,1 Hz, 1H), 3,93 (d, J = 8,1 Hz, 1H), 1,18 (d, J = 6,0 Hz, 3H); 19F RMN (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ - 116,60, -117,10; ESIMS (m/z) 361 ([M+Na]+).Exemplo 2B: preparação de (S)-(2-(benziloxi)-1-metoxipropano-1,1- diil)dibenzeno
[0067] A uma suspensão de hidreto de sódio (NaH; 52,0 mg, 1,30 mmol, 60% em peso em peso (p/p) em óleo mineral) em N,N- dimetilformamida (DMF; 3 mL) a 0o C foi adicionada uma solução de (S)-2-(benziloxi)-1,1-difenilpropan-1-ol (318 mg, 1 mmol) em DMF (1 mL). A mistura de reação foi agitada em temperatura ambiente por 30 min e então esfriada para 0o C. lodometano (Mel; 93,0 microlitros (μL), 1,50 mmol) foi adicionado e a mistura de reação foi agitada em temperatura ambiente por 1 h. A solução resultante foi extinta através da adição cuidadosa de NaHCO3 aquoso saturado (10 mL). A mistura foi diluída com éter de etila (Et2O; 10 mL), as fases foram separadas e a fase aquosa foi extraída com Et2O (2 x 10 mL). As fases orgânicas combinadas foram lavadas com salmoura (20 mL), secas em Na2SO4, filtradas e concentradas. O óleo resultante foi purificado através de cromatografia de coluna rápida (SiO2, 0^5% de acetona em hexanos) para fornecer o composto do título (295 mg, 89%) como um óleo incolor: 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCls) δ 7,47 - 7,41 (m, 2H), 7,40 - 7,35 (m, 2H), 7,33 - 7,18 (m, 11H), 4,69 (d, J = 11,9 Hz, 1H), 4,54 (d, J = 12,3 Hz, 1H), 4,50 (q, J = 6,1 Hz, 1H), 3,13 (s, 3H), 1,10 (d, J = 6,1 Hz, 3H); 13C RMN (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 142,96, 141,31, 138,79, 129,13, 128,54, 128,14, 127,61, 127,16, 127,08, 126,95, 126,69, 99,99, 85,35, 78,13, 70,80, 52,46, 13,65; ESlMS (m/z) 333 ([M+H]+). Exemplo 2C: preparação de (S)-(2-(benziloxi)-1-fluorpropano-1,1- diil)dibenzeno
[0068] A uma solução de (S)-2-(benziloxi)-1,1-difenilpropan-1-ol (300 mg, 0,942 mmol) em DCM (5 mL) a 0o C foi adicionado trifluoreto de (dietilamino)enxofre (DAST; 1,88 mL, 1,88 mmol, 1M em DCM). A reação foi lentamente aquecida para a temperatura ambiente durante 3 h. A solução resultante foi extinta através da adição cuidadosa de NaHCO3 aquoso saturado (5 mL). As fases foram separadas e a fase aquosa foi extraída com DCM (2 x 10 mL). As fases orgânicas combinadas foram lavadas com salmoura (10 mL), secas em Na2SO4, filtradas e concentradas. O óleo resultante foi purificado através de croma- tografia de coluna rápida (SÍO2, 0^10% de acetona em hexanos) para fornecer o composto do título (300 mg, 98%) como um óleo incolor: 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7,58 - 7,49 (m, 2H), 7,43 - 7,37 (m, 2H), 7,36 - 7,20 (m, 9H), 7,09 - 6,99 (m, 2H), 4,47 (d, J = 11,7 Hz, 1H), 4,37 - 4,25 (m, 2H), 1,26 (dd, J = 6,3, 1,3 Hz, 3H); 13C RMN (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 142,23 (d, J = 22,7 Hz), 141,00 (d, J = 23,5 Hz), 138,03, 128,21, 128,16, 127,90 (d, J = 1,5 Hz), 127,80, 127,72 (d, J = 1,7 Hz), 127,52, 127,42 (d, J = 1,3 Hz), 126,23 (d, J = 9,6 Hz), 125,93 (d, J = 8,7 Hz), 99,96 (d, J = 180,8 Hz), 78,91 (d, J = 26,9 Hz), 71,68 , 14,47 (d, J = 3,6 Hz); 19F RMN (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ -159,80.Exemplo 2D, Etapa 1: preparação de carbonoditioato de (S)-O-(2- (benziloxi)-1,1-bis(3,4,5-trifluorfenil)propil)-1-metil S-metila
[0069] A uma solução de (S)-2-(benziloxi)-1,1-bis(3,4,5-trifluorfenil) propan-1-ol (496 mg, 1,16 mmol) em THF anidro (5,8 mL) foi adicionado NaH (93,0 mg, 2,33 mmol), seguido por imidazol (3,96 mg, 0,0580 mmol) e a mistura de reação foi agitada em temperatura ambiente por 1 h. Dissulfeto de carbono (562 μL, 9,30 mmol) foi adicionado através de seringa em uma porção, seguido por Mel (579 μL, 9,30 mmol) e a mistura de reação foi agitada em temperatura ambiente por 2 h. A mistura de reação foi diluída com Et2O (5 mL) e extinta com NH4Cl aquoso saturado (10 mL). As camadas foram separadas e a camada aquosa foi extraída com Et2O (3 x 10 mL). As camadas orgânicas combinadas foram secas em sulfato de magnésio (MgSO4), filtradas e concentradas para fornecer um óleo laranja/marrom. O óleo bruto foi purificado através de cromatografia de coluna rápida (SÍO2, 0^50% de acetato de etila (EtOAc) em hexanos) para fornecer o composto do título (627 mg, 94%) como um óleo colorido amarelo brilhante, transparente: 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7,40 - 7,27 (m, 3H), 7,24 - 7,16 (m, 2H), 7,02 (dd, J = 9,1, 6,6 Hz, 2H), 6,96 (dd, J = 8,8, 6,5 Hz, 2H), 5,44 (q, J = 6,1 Hz, 1H), 4,66 (d, J = 11,6 Hz, 1H), 4,51 (d, J = 11,6 Hz, 1H), 2,49 (s, 3H), 1,16 (d, J = 6,1 Hz, 3H); 19F RMN (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ 133,89 (d, J = 20,7 Hz), -134,73 (d, J = 20,6 Hz), -159,83 (t, J = 20,6 Hz), - 160,56 (t, J = 20,7 Hz); (Película fina) 2922, 1721, 16,22, 1595, 1526, 1436, 1344, 1241, 1217, 1197, 1119, 1088, 1040, 965, 908, 861, 822, 730, 712, 697, 672 cm-1. Exemplo 2D, Etapa 2: preparação de (S)-5,5’-(2-(benziloxi)propano- 1,1-diil)bis(1,2,3-trifluorbenzeno)
[0070] Uma solução de carbonoditioato de (S)-O-(2-(benziloxi)-1,1-bis(3,4,5-trifluorfenil)propil) S-metila (598 mg, 1,16 mmol) em tolueno (200 mL) foi desgaseificada através de um procedimento de congela- mento-bombeamento-descongelamento (3 ciclos usando nitrogênio líquido (N2)) sob uma atmosfera de N2. Hidreto de tributilestanho (3,12 mL, 11,6 mmol) foi então adicionado, o frasco de reação foi equipado com um condensador de refluxo e a mistura de reação foi aquecida para um refluxo leve (115°C). Uma solução de azobisisobutironitrila (AIBN; 0,200 g, 1,22 mmol) em tolueno desgaseificado (3 ciclos em N2 líquido; 32 mL) foi adicionada através de seringa abaixo do condensa- dor de refluxo durante 3 h. Uma vez completa a adição lenta do AIBN, a mistura de reação foi agitada em refluxo de um dia para o outro. O solvente foi removido a vácuo para prover um óleo amarelo pálido. O óleo bruto foi purificado através de cromatografia de coluna rápida (SiO2, 0^30% de EtOAc em hexanos) para fornecer o composto do título (358 mg, 72%) como um óleo incolor, transparente: 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7,28 (d, J = 6,6 Hz, 3H), 7,17 - 7,06 (m, 2H), 6,92 (dd, J = 8,5, 6,5 Hz, 2H), 6,79 (dd, J = 8,3, 6,4 Hz, 2H), 4,59 (d, J = 11,7 Hz, 1H), 4,31 (d, J = 11,7 Hz, 1H), 4,02 (p, J = 6,2 Hz, 1H), 3,76 (d, J = 6,8 Hz, 1H), 1,19 (d, J = 6,1 Hz, 3H); 19F RMN (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ -133,80 (d, J = 20,5 Hz), -134,34 (d, J = 20,5 Hz), -162,54 (t, J = 20,5 Hz), -162,84 (t, J = 20,5 Hz); (Película fina) 2871, 1621, 1526, 1445, 1345, 1262, 1235, 1116, 1096, 1043, 859, 802, 728, 698, 679 cm-1.Exemplo 3A: preparação de (S)-1,1-bis(4-fluorfenil)propan-2-ol
[0071] A uma solução de (S)-4,4’-(2-(benziloxi)propano-1,1-diil) bis(fluorbenzeno) (575 mg, 1,70 mmol) em etanol (EtOH; 11 mL) e ci- clo-hexeno (5,5 mL) em temperatura ambiente foi adicionado paládio sobre carbono (Pd/C; 362 mg, 0,0850 mmol, 2,5% p/p de Pd). A mistura de reação foi agitada a 65°C por 2 h, esfriada para a temperatura ambiente, filtrada em uma almofada de Celite® e concentrada para fornecer o composto do título (415 mg, 98%) como um óleo incolor: 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7,36 - 7,29 (m, 2H), 7,25 - 7,18 (m, 2H), 7,09 - 6,93 (m, 4H), 4,47 (dqd, J = 8,2, 6,1, 3,3 Hz, 1H), 3,80 (d, J = 8,3 Hz, 1H), 1,55 (d, J = 3,3 Hz, 1H), 1,19 (d, J = 6,1 Hz, 3H); 13C RMN (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 162,90 (d, J = 23,3 Hz), 160,46 (d, J = 23,1 Hz), 138,15 (d, J = 3,1 Hz), 136,94 (d, J = 3,6 Hz), 130,14 (d, J = 7,8 Hz), 129,55 (d, J = 7,8 Hz), 115,70 (d, J = 18,8 Hz), 115,49 (d, J = 18,8 Hz), 70,07, 58,61, 21,63; 19F RMN (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ -115,84, -116,19.Exemplo 3B: preparação de (S)-1,1-bis(2-fluorfenil)propano-1,2-diol
[0072] A uma solução de (S)-1,1-bis(2-fluorfenil)-2-((4-metoxiben-zil)oxi)propan-1-ol (790 mg, 2,06 mmol) em DCM (20 mL) a 0o C foi adicionado Et3SiH (3,28 mL, 20,6 mmol) seguido por TFA (1,57 mL, 20,6 mmol). A mistura foi agitada a 0o C por 1 h. A solução resultante foi extinta através da adição cuidadosa de NaHCO3 aquoso saturado (20 mL). As fases foram separadas e a fase aquosa foi extraída com DCM (2 x 30 mL). As fases orgânicas combinadas foram lavadas com salmoura (50 mL), secas em Na2SO4, filtradas e concentradas. O óleo resultante foi purificado através de cromatografia de coluna rápida (SiO2, 0^10% de acetona em hexanos) para fornecer o composto do título (388 mg, 71%) como um óleo incolor: 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7,90 - 7,77 (m, 1H), 7,70 (tt, J = 8,2, 1,5 Hz, 1H), 7,31 - 7,10 (m, 4H), 6,97 (ddd, J = 12,7, 8,1, 1,3 Hz, 1H), 6,88 (ddd, J = 11,8, 8,0, 1,4 Hz, 1H), 5,11 (qd, J = 6,3, 2,3 Hz, 1H), 3,49 (s, 1H), 2,27 (s, 1H), 1,09 (d, J = 6,3 Hz, 3H); 19F RMN (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ -112,90 (d, J = 8,3 Hz), -113,92 (d, J = 8,4 Hz); ESIMS (m/z) 551 ([2M+Na]+).Exemplo 3C: preparação de (S)-1,1-bis(4-bromofenil)propano-2-ol
[0073] A uma solução de (S)-1,1-bis(4-bromofenil)-2-((4-metoxi-benzil)oxi)propan-1-ol (1,80 g, 3,56 mmol) em DCM (18 mL) a 0o C foi adicionado Et3SiH (5,68 mL, 35,6 mmol) seguido por TFA (2,72 mL, 35,6 mmol). A mistura foi aquecida lentamente para a temperatura ambiente durante 3 h. A solução resultante foi extinta através da adição cuidadosa de NaHCO3 aquoso saturado (20 mL). As fases foram separadas e a fase aquosa foi extraída com DCM (2 x 30 mL). As fases orgânicas combinadas foram lavadas com salmoura (50 mL), secas em Na2SO4, secas em Na2SO4, filtradas e concentradas. O óleo resultante foi purificado através de cromatografia de coluna rápida (SiO2, 0^10% de acetona em hexanos) para fornecer o composto do título (742 mg, 56%) como um óleo incolor: 1H RMN (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7,51 - 7,36 (m, 4H), 7,25 - 7,17 (m, 2H), 7,18 - 7,06 (m, 2H), 4,48 (dq, J = 8,2, 6,1 Hz, 1H), 3,76 (d, J = 8,2 Hz, 1H), 2,80 (s, 1H), 1,19 (d, J = 6,2 Hz, 3H); 13C RMN (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 140,94, 139,85, 131,98, 131,85, 130,39, 129,84, 121,06, 120,72, 69,72, 58,91, 21,65; (Película fina) 3390, 3024, 2969, 2900, 1486, 1072 cm-1.Exemplo 3D, Etapa 1: preparação de (S)-1,1-bis(4-((trimetilsilil)etinil)- fenil)propan-2-ol
[0074] A uma solução de (S)-1,1-bis(4-bromofenil)propano-2-ol (1,01 g, 2,72 mmol) em THF (9 mL) foi adicionado bicloreto de bis(trifenilfosfino)paládio (0,095 g, 0,136 mmol) e iodeto de cobre(I) (CuI; 0,026 g, 0,136 mmol). A mistura foi aspergida com N2 por 30 min e trietilamina (Et3N; 4,53 mL) foi adicionada em gotas. À mistura resultante foi adicionado etiniltrimetilsilano (1,15 mL, 8,15 mmol) em gotas e a mistura foi aquecida para refluxo e agitada de um dia para o outro. A mistura foi esfriada para a temperatura ambiente e a reação foi extinta com NaHCO3 aquoso saturado. Os produtos foram extraídos com EtOAc (2x) e as camadas orgânicas combinadas foram lavadas com salmoura, secas em Na2SO4, filtradas e concentradas. O resíduo bruto foi então purificado através de cromatografia de coluna rápida (SiO2, 0^20% de acetona em hexanos) para prover o composto do título (495 mg, 45%) como uma espuma marrom: 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7,48 - 7,42 (m, 2H), 7,42 - 7,37 (m, 2H), 7,33 - 7,27 (m, 2H), 7,24 - 7,17 (m, 2H), 4,51 (dqd, J = 12,2, 6,1, 3,5 Hz, 1H), 3,81 (d, J = 8,3 Hz, 1H), 1,60 (d, J = 3,8 Hz, 1H), 1,18 (d, J = 6,1 Hz, 3H), 0,26 (s, 9H), 0,26 (s, 9H); 13C RMN (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 142,55, 141,48, 132,42, 132,29, 128,69, 128,15, 121,90, 121,57, 104,76, 104,71,94,49, 94,33, 69,76, 59,96, 21,55, 0,00; (Película fina) 3397, 2960, 2156, 1501, 1248, 861, 840 cm-1; HRMS-ESI (m/z) [M+H]+ calc para C25H33OSi2, 405,2064; encontrado, 405,2070.Exemplo 3D, Etapa 2: preparação de (S)-1,1-bis(4-etinilfenil)propan- 2-ol
[0075] A uma solução de (S)-1,1-bis(4-((trimetilsilil)etinil)fenil) pro-pano-2-ol (0,470 g, 1,16 mmol) em metanol (MeOH; 5,8 mL) foi adicionado carbonato de potássio (K2CO3; 0,482 g, 3,48 mmol). A mistura foi agitada por 1 h em temperatura ambiente e então filtrada em Celite®. A torta de filtro foi lavada com MeOH e o filtrado foi concentrado. O material bruto foi purificado através de cromatografia de coluna rápida (SiO2, 0^20% de acetona em hexanos) para prover o composto do título (288 mg, 95%) como um óleo amarelo: 1H RMN (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7,48 - 7,43 (m, 2H), 7,43 - 7,39 (m, 2H), 7,35 - 7,29 (m, 2H), 7,24 - 7,19 (m, 2H), 4,51 (dqd, J = 8,3, 6,1, 3,7 Hz, 1H), 3,82 (d, J = 8,3 Hz, 1H), 3,05 (s, 1H), 3,04 (s, 1H), 1,63 - 1,55 (m, 1H), 1,18 (d, J = 6,1 Hz, 3H); 13C RMN (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 142,84, 141,82, 132,60, 132,48, 128,74, 128,22, 120,87, 120,57, 83,31, 83,29, 77,39, 77,29, 69,73, 59,96, 21,66; (Película fina) 3436, 3280, 2968, 2106, 1499,1075, 825 cm-1; HRMS-ESI (m/z) [M+H]+ calc para C19H17O, 261,1274; encontrado: 261,1272.Exemplo 3D, Etapa 3: preparação de (S)-1,1-bis(4-etilfenil)propan-2-ol
[0076] A uma solução de (S)-1,1-bis(4-etinilfenil)propan-2-ol (0,144 g, 0,553 mmol) em EtOAc (2,8 mL) foi adicionado paládio (5% em peso (p) em carbono, base seca; 0,235 g, 0,055 mmol). A mistura foi agitada sob um balão de hidrogênio de um dia para o outro. A mistura foi filtrada em Celite® e a torta de filtro foi lavada com EtOAc. O filtrado combinado foi então concentrado e o resíduo bruto foi purificado através de cromatografia de coluna rápida (SiO2, 0^25% de acetona em hexanos) para prover o composto do título (97,0 mg, 65%) como um óleo transparente. 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7,33 - 7,25 (m, 2H), 7,22 - 7,15 (m, 2H), 7,18 - 7,11 (m, 2H), 7,10 (d, J = 8,1 Hz, 2H), 4,51 (dqd, J = 8,7, 6,1, 2,5 Hz, 1H), 3,74 (d, J = 8,9 Hz, 1H), 2,65 - 2,53 (m, 4H), 1,68 (d, J = 2,8 Hz, 1H), 1,23 - 1,14 (m, 9H); 13C RMN (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 142,74, 142,33, 139,94, 138,91, 128,48, 128,40, 128,07, 128,02, 70,19, 60,02, 28,41, 28,39, 21,37, 15,47, 15,46; (Película fina) 3421, 2963, 1510, 1110, 821 cm-1; HRMS-ESI (m/z) ([M+Na]+) calc para C19H24NaO, 291,1719; encontrado, 291,1725.Exemplo 3E: preparação de 1-(9H-xanten-9-il)etanol
[0077] A uma solução de 9H-xanteno (364 mg, 2,00 mmol) em THF (10 mL) a -78°C foi adicionado n-butillítio (2,5M em hexanos; 0,880 mL, 2,20 mmol). A mistura foi agitada a -78°C por 30 min. Ace- taldeído (0,226 mL, 4,00 mmol) foi adicionado e a mistura de reação foi aquecida lentamente para a temperatura ambiente de um dia para o outro. A solução resultante foi extinta através da adição cuidadosa de NH4Cl aquoso saturado (10 mL). As fases foram separadas e a fase aquosa foi extraída com Et2O (2 x 15 mL). As fases orgânicas combinadas foram lavadas com salmoura (20 mL), secas em Na2SO4, filtradas e concentradas. O óleo resultante foi purificado através de croma- tografia de coluna rápida (SÍO2, 0^10% de acetona em hexanos) para fornecer o composto do título (216 mg, 48%) como um óleo incolor: 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7,33 - 7,22 (m, 4H), 7,17 - 7,04 (m, 4H), 3,99 (d, J = 5,1 Hz, 1H), 3,96 - 3,82 (m, 1H), 1,54 (d, J = 6,0 Hz, 1H), 1,00 (d, J = 6,3 Hz, 3H); 13C RMN (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 152,94, 152,65, 129,54, 129,30, 128,19, 128,17, 123,18, 123,14, 122,48, 121,73,116,59, 116,41, 73,07, 47,06, 18,81; ESIMS (m/z) 475 ([2M+Na]+).Exemplo 3F: preparação de (1S,2S)-1-fenil-1-(4-(trifluormetil)fenil) propan-2-ol
[0078] A uma mistura de rodelas de magnésio (102 mg, 4,20 mmol) em Et2O (4 mL) foi adicionado 1-bromo-4-(trifluormetil)benzeno (0,588 mL, 4,20 mmol) em temperatura ambiente, seguido por MeI (5 μL). Quando do aquecimento para uma fervura suave usando uma pistola de aquecimento, a mistura passou para uma cor amarelo/marrom. A reação foi então agitada em um banho de água em temperatura ambiente por 30 min até que quase todo o magnésio fosse consumido. Isto foi adicionado a uma suspensão de iodeto de cobre(I) (CuI; 400 mg, 2,10 mmol) em Et2O (4 mL) a -78°C. A reação foi agitada a -20°C por 30 min, então esfriada para -78°C e (2S,3S)-2-metil-3-feniloxirano (0,201 mL, 1,50 mmol) foi adicionado. A mistura resultante foi lentamente aquecida para a temperatura ambiente de um dia para o outro. A solução resultante foi extinta através da adição cuidadosa de NH4Cl aquoso saturado (10 mL). As fases foram separadas e a fase aquosa foi extraída com Et2O (2 x 15 mL). As fases orgânicas combinadas foram lavadas com salmoura (20 mL), secas em Na2SO4, filtradas e concentradas. O óleo resultante foi purificado através de cromatografia de coluna rápida (SiO2, 0^10% de acetona em hexanos) para fornecer o composto do título (390 mg, 94%) como um óleo amarelo claro: 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCh) δ 7,60 - 7,50 (m, 2H), 7,48 - 7,38 (m, 2H), 7,38 - 7,33 (m, 4H), 7,30 - 7,23 (m, 1H), 4,58 (dqd, J = 8,4, 6,1, 3,5 Hz, 1H), 3,88 (d, J = 8,5 Hz, 1H), 1,65 (d, J = 3,6 Hz, 1H), 1,20 (d, J = 6,1 Hz, 3H); 19F RMN (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ -62,49; ESIMS (m/z) 263 ([M-OH]+).Exemplo 3G, Etapa 1: preparação de 4,4’-(2-oxopropano-1,1-diil) di- benzonitrila
[0079] A uma suspensão de 4-bromobenzonitrila (546 mg, 3,00 mmol) e carbonato de césio (977 mg, 3,00 mmol) em THF (10 mL) sob uma atmosfera de N2 foi adicionada acetona (1,10 mL, 15,00 mmol), seguido por X-Phos Pd G3 (50,8 mg, 0,060 mmol). Então o frasco foi vedado e aquecido para 55°C por 4 dias. A reação foi diluída com EtOAc (30 mL) e lavada com NH4Cl saturado (3 x 10 mL), água (15 mL) e salmoura (15 mL). Então a fase orgânica foi seca em Na2SO4, filtrada e concentrada. O óleo resultante foi purificado através de cro- matografia de coluna rápida (SÍO2, 0^40% de EtOAc em hexanos) para fornecer o composto do título (174 mg, 22%) como um óleo incolor: 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7,66 (d, J = 8,4 Hz, 4H), 7,34 (d, J = 8,3 Hz, 4H), 5,21 (s, 1H), 2,29 (s, 3H); 13C RMN (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 203,68, 142,15, 132,75, 129,64, 118,21, 112,00, 64,25, 30,43; ESIMS m/z 261 ([M+H]+).Exemplo 3G, Etapa 2: preparação de (S)-4,4’-(2-hidroxipropano-1,1-diil)dibenzonitrila
[0080] A uma solução de 4,4’-(2-oxopropano-1,1-diil)dibenzonitrila (174 mg, 0,668 mmol) em tolueno (4,5 mL) foi adicionado (R)-1-metil- 3,3-difenilexaidropirrol[1,2-c][1,3,2]oxaborol (solução 1M em tolueno, 66,8 μL, 0,067 mmol). Então a reação foi esfriada para 0o C e uma solução de BH3-DMS (69,8 μl, 0,735 mmol) em 0,5 mL de tolueno foi adicionada durante 2 minutos. O frasco foi deixado agitar a 0o C. Após 2 h, a reação foi extinta com metanol (0,5 mL), diluída com EtOAc e água adicionada. As fases foram separadas e a fase aquosa foi extraída com EtOAc x 2. As fases orgânicas combinadas foram lavadas com salmoura (20 mL), secas em Na2SO4, filtradas e concentradas. O óleo resultante foi purificado através de cromatografia de coluna rápida (SiO2, 0^50% de EtOAc em hexanos) para fornecer o composto do título (99,7 mg, 57%) como um óleo incolor. 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCla) δ d 7,60 (dd, J = 8,4, 6,8 Hz, 4H), 7,51 - 7,46 (m, 2H), 7,43 - 7,37 (m, 2H), 4,63 - 4,47 (m, 1H), 3,97 (d, J = 7,5 Hz, 1H), 1,97 (d, J = 3,8 Hz, 1H), 1,21 (d, J = 6,2 Hz, 3H). 13C RMN (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 146,91, 145,86, 132,60, 132,45, 129,90, 129,19, 118,58, 118,51,110,96, 110,92, 69,19, 59,56, 22,27; ESIMS m/z 263 ([M+H]+). Exemplo 3H, Etapa 1: preparação de 3,3-difenilbutan-2-ona
[0081] A uma mistura magneticamente agitada de 2,3-difenilbuno-2,3-diol (500 mg, 2,06 mmol) em DCM (10 mL) foi adicionado pentaclo- reto de antimônio (26,5 μL, 0,206 mmol) sob atmosfera de ar. A mistura de reação foi agitada a 25°C por 1 h e então extinta através da adição lenta de NaHCO3 aquoso saturado. A mistura resultante foi diluída com água e mais DCM e a camada orgânica foi separada passando por um separador de fase. O óleo resultante foi purificado através de cromatografia de coluna rápida (SiO2, 0^5% de acetona em hexanos) para fornecer o composto do título (330 mg, 71%) como um óleo incolor: 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7,36 - 7,31 (m, 4H), 7,30 - 7,25 (m, 2H), 7,23 - 7,15 (m, 4H), 2,11 (s, 3H), 1,87 (s, 3H); 13C RMN (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 209,16, 143,59, 128,36, 126,91, 62,32, 27,62, 26,42; ESIMS m/z 225 ([M+H]+).Exemplo 3H, Etapa 2: preparação de (S)-3,3-difenilbutan-2-ol
[0082] A uma solução de 3,3-difenilbutan-2-ona (150 mg, 0,669 mmol) em tolueno (4,5 mL) foi adicionado (R)-1-metil-3,3-difenilexai- dropirrol[1,2-c][1,3,2]oxaborol (solução 1M em tolueno, 134 μL, 0,134 mmol). Então, uma solução de BH3-DMS (70,2 μL, 0,702 mmol) em 0,5 mL de tolueno foi adicionada à mistura de reação durante 2 min. O frasco foi deixado agitar em temperatura ambiente. Após 1 h, a reação foi extinta com metanol (0,5 mL). DCM e água foram adicionados e as fases foram separadas. A fase aquosa foi extraída com DCM (2 x). As fases orgânicas combinadas foram lavadas com salmoura (20 mL), secas em Na2SO4, filtradas e concentradas. O óleo resultante foi purificado através de cromatografia de coluna rápida (SiO2, 0^20% de acetona em hexanos) para fornecer o composto do título (150 mg, 99%) como um óleo incolor: 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCh) δ d 7,39 - 7,17 (m, 10H), 4,70 - 4,61 (m, 1H), 1,67 (s, 3H), 1,51 (d, J = 4,9 Hz, 1H), 1,11 (d, J = 6,3 Hz, 3H); 13C RMN (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 147,30, 145,86, 128,40, 128,15, 128,05, 127,79, 126,20, 126,01, 72,28, 51,77, 23,26, 18,39; ESIMS m/z 227 ([M+H]+).Exemplo 3I, Etapa 1: preparação de (S)-1,1-bis(2,3-dimetoxifenil) propano-1,2-diol
[0083] A uma solução de cloreto de isopropilmagnésio lítio (1,3M em THF, 6,1 mL, 8,00 mmol) foram adicionados THF (2 mL) e 1- bromo-2,3-dimetoxibenzeno (1,74 g, 8,00 mmol). A solução marrom resultante foi aquecida para um refluxo suave (temperatura externa 75°C) por 2,5 h, então esfriada para 0oC em um banho de água. 2- Hidroxipropanoato de (S)-metila (0,191 ml, 2 mmol) foi então adicionado em gotas através de seringa. A reação foi agitada a 0o C por 1 h, então removida do banho frio e agitada de um dia para o outro em temperatura ambiente. A reação foi esfriada para 0o C em um banho de água, diluída com água (20 mL), salmoura (20 mL) e Et2O (40 mL) e foi extinta com HCl 1N (8 mL). As fases foram separadas e a fase aquosa foi extraída com Et2O (20 mL). As fases orgânicas foram combinadas, secas em MgSO4, filtradas e concentradas para prover um óleo. Purificação através de cromatografia de coluna de sílica-gel automática (EtOAc 5-50% em hexanos) proveu o composto do título (568 mg, 82%) como um sólido cristalino, amarelo: 1H RMN (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7,43 (td, J = 8,0, 1,5 Hz, 2H), 7,11 (td, J = 8,1, 4,9 Hz, 2H), 6,83 (dd, J = 8,1, 1,4 Hz, 2H), 5,06 - 4,82 (m, 1H), 4,74 (d, J = 1,2 Hz, 1H), 3,81 (s, 3H), 3,80 (s, 3H), 3,20 (s, 3H), 3,04 (s, 3H), 2,86 (d, J = 9,5 Hz, 1H), 0,97 (d, J = 6,4 Hz, 3H); 13C RMN (126 MHz, CDCl3) δ 152,89, 152,82, 146,94, 145,53, 139,56, 138,92, 123,32, 123,26,122,01, 119,01, 111,30, 79,20, 77,22, 60,07, 59,26, 55,77, 55,64,18,34; HRMS-ESI (m/z) ([M+Na]+) calc para C19H24O6Na, 371,1465; encontrado, 371,1456.Exemplo 3 I, Etapa 2: preparação de 1,1-bis(2,3-dimetoxifenil)propan- 2-ona
[0084] A uma solução de (S)-1,1-bis(2,3-dimetoxifenil)propano-1,2-diol (560 mg, 1,61 mmol) em CH2Cl2 anidro (8 mL) a 0o C foram adicionados trietilsilano (770 μl, 4,82 mmol) e ácido trifluoracético (TFA, 124 μL, 1,61 mmol). A solução resultante foi agitada a 0o C por 2 h, então removida do banho frio e agitada por 2 h. TFA (248 μL, 3,2 mmol) foi adicionado e a reação foi então agitada de um dia para o outro em temperatura ambiente. A reação foi diluída com água (25 mL) e extraída com CH2Cl2 (3 x 25 mL). Os extratos orgânicos foram secos em Na2SO4, filtrados e concentrados para prover um óleo. Purificação através de cromatografia de coluna de sílica-gel automática (5-25% de acetona em hexanos) proveu o composto do título (396 mg, 75%) como um sólido branco: 1H RMN (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6,99 (t, J = 8,0 Hz, 2H), 6,87 (dd, J = 8,2, 1,5 Hz, 2H), 6,67 - 6,54 (m, 2H), 5,86 (s, 1H), 3,87 (s, 6H), 3,75 (s, 6H), 2,25 (s, 3H); 13C RMN (126 MHz, CDCl3) δ 207,18, 152,69, 147,02, 132,23, 123,74, 121,61, 111,64, 60,36, 55,74, 51,96, 29,80; HRMS-ESI (m/z) ([M+Na]+) calc para C19H22O5Na, 353,1359; encontrado, 353,1353.Exemplo 3I, Etapa 3: preparação de 1,1-bis(2,3-dimetoxifenil)propan- 2-ol
[0085] A uma solução de 1,1-bis(2,3-dimetoxifenil)propan-2-ona (356 mg, 1,08 mmol) em metanol (3,5 mL) foi adicionado boroidreto de sódio (61 mg, 1,6 mmol). A solução resultante foi agitada em temperatura ambiente por 20 h, então foi extinta com NH4Cl saturado (1 mL), diluída com água (20 mL) e extraída com CH2Cl2 (3 x 20 mL). Os extratos orgânicos foram combinados, secos em Na2SO4, filtrados e concentrados para prover o composto do título (360 mg, 100%) como um óleo: 1H RMN (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7,16 - 6,88 (m, 4H), 6,79 (ddd, J = 9,6, 7,8, 1,9 Hz, 2H), 4,81 (d, J = 8,3 Hz, 1H), 4,53 - 4,32 (m, 1H), 3,84 (s, 3H), 3,84 (s, 3H), 3,77 (s, 3H), 3,76 (s, 3H), 2,04 (d, J = 4,2 Hz, 1H), 1,22 (d, J = 6,2 Hz, 3H); 13 RMN (126 MHz, CDCl3) δ 152,98, 152,83, 147,71, 147,04, 136,17, 135,33, 123,94, 123,62, 120,96, 120,84,110,76, 110,48, 70,32, 60,26, 60,20, 55,66, 55,63, 45,11, 21,80; IR (Película fina) 3451, 2935, 2833, 1582, 1473, 1428, 1266, 1215, 1167, 1125, 1088, 1068, 1004, 964, 908, 835, 809, 787, 748, 728.Exemplo 4A: preparação de 2-(((terc-butoxicarbonil)amino)propanoato de (S)-(S)-1,1-difenilpropan-2-ila
[0086] A uma solução de (S)-1,1-difenilpropan-2-ol (317 mg, 1,493 mmol) em DCM (15 mL) a 0o C foram adicionados ácido (S)-2-((terc- butoxicarbonil)amino)propanoico (Boc-Ala-OH; 311 mg, 1,64 mmol) e N,N-dimetilpiridin-4-amina (DMAP; 18,2 mg, 0,149 mmol) seguido por cloridrato de N1-((etilimino)metileno)-N3,N3-dimetilpropano-1,3-diamina (EDC; 573 mg, 299 mmol) e a mistura de reação foi agitada em temperatura ambiente de um dia para o outro e concentrada para fornecer um óleo amarelo. O material bruto foi purificado através de cromato- grafia de coluna rápida (SÍO2, 1^10% de acetona em hexanos) para fornecer o composto do título (433 mg, 75%) como um óleo incolor: 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7,42 - 7,07 (m, 10H), 5,80 (dq, J = 10,1, 6,1 Hz, 1H), 4,97 (d, J = 8,0 Hz, 1H), 4,19 - 4,06 (m, 1H), 4,03 (d, J = 10,1, Hz, 1H), 1,41 (s, 9H), 1,23 (d, J = 6,1 Hz, 3H), 0,76 (d, J = 7,2 Hz, 3H); 13C RMN (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 172,83, 154,96, 141,52, 141,26, 128,79, 128,50, 128,10, 128,08, 126,91, 126,67, 79,62, 73,10, 57,98, 49,21, 28,33, 19,31, 17,98; ESIMS m/z 384 ([M+H]+).Exemplo 5, Etapa 1: preparação de cloreto de (S)-1-(((S)-1,1- difenilpropan-2-il)oxi)-1-oxopropan-2-amino
[0087] A uma solução de 2-((terc-butoxicarbonil)amino)propanoato de (S)-(S)-1,1-difenilpropan-2-ila (Cmpd 2; 433 mg, 1,13 mmol) em DCM (6 mL) foi adicionada uma solução 4N de HCl em dioxana (2,8 mL, 11,3 mmol) e a mistura foi agitada por 3 h em temperatura ambi- ente. O solvente foi evaporado sob uma corrente de N2 para prover o composto do título (360 mg, 100%) como um sólido branco: ESIMS (m/z) 284 ([M+H]+).Exemplo 5, Etapa 2: preparação de 2-(3-hidroxi-4-metoxipicolina- mido)propanoato de (S)-(S)-1,1-difenilpropan-2-ila
[0088] A uma solução de cloreto de (S)-1-(((S)-1,1-difenilpropan-2-il)oxi)-1-propan-2-amino (Cmpd 46; 361 mg, 1,13 mmol) e ácido 3- hidroxi-4-metoxipicolínico (210 mg, 1,24 mmol) em DCM (11 mL) foram adicionados hexafluorfosfato de benzotriazol-1-il-oxitripirrolidinofos- fônio (PyBOP; 646 mg, 1,24 mmol) e N-etil-N-isopropilpropan-2-amina (DIPEA; 0,651 mL, 3,72 mmol) e a mistura de reação foi agitada por 2 h em temperatura ambiente. O solvente foi evaporado e o óleo bruto foi purificado através de cromatografia de coluna rápida (SÍO2, 1^50% de acetona em hexanos) para fornecer o composto do título (340 mg, 70%) como uma espuma branca: 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 12,10 (s, 1H), 8,34 (d, J = 8,0 Hz, 1H), 7,98 (d, J = 5,2 Hz, 1H), 7,38 - 7,06 (m, 10H), 6,86 (d, J = 5,3, 1H), 5,83 (dq, J = 10,1, 6,1 Hz, 1H), 4,52 (dq, J = 8,1, 7,2 Hz, 1H), 4,06 (d, J = 10,2 Hz, 1H), 3,93 (s, 3H), 1,26 (d, J = 6,1 Hz, 3H), 0,97 (d, J = 7,2 Hz, 3H); 13C RMN (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 171,67, 168,53, 155,34, 148,72, 141,38, 141,13, 140,40,130,48, 128,80, 128,50, 128,10, 128,03, 126,95, 126,70, 109,39,73,57, 57,93, 56,07, 47,85, 19,24, 17,61; HRMS-ESI (m/z) ([M+H]+) calc para C25H27N2O5, 435,1920; encontrado, 435,1925.Exemplo 6A: preparação de 2-(3-acetoxi-4-metoxipicolinamido) pro- panoato de (S)-(S)-1,1-difenilpropan-2-ila
[0089] A uma solução de 2-(3-hidroxi-4-metoxipicolinamido)-propanato de (S)-(S)-1,1-difenilpropan-2-ila (Cmpd 90; 70,0 mg, 0,161 mmol), Et3N (44,9 μL, 0,332 mmol) e DMAP (3,94 mg, 0,032 mmol) em DCM (3,2 mL) foi adicionado cloreto de acetila (17,2 μL, 0,242 mmol) em temperatura ambiente e a mistura de reação foi agitada por 2 h. O solvente foi evaporado e o óleo bruto resultante foi purificado através de cromatografia de coluna rápida (SiO2, 1^40% de acetona em he- xanos) para fornecer o composto do título (75,0 mg, 97%) como um óleo incolor: 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8,41 (d, J = 7,8 Hz, 1H), 8,30 (d, J = 5,4 Hz, 1H), 7,38 - 7,10 (m, 10H), 6,97 (d, J = 5,4 Hz, 1H), 5,82 (dq, J = 10,0, 6,2 Hz, 1H), 4,52 (dt, J = 8,2, 7,1 Hz, 1H), 4,05 (d, J = 10,1 Hz, 1H), 3,87 (s, 3H), 2,37 (s, 3H), 1,24 (d, J = 6,1 Hz, 3H), 0,89 (d, J = 7,1 Hz, 3H); 13C RMN (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 172,23, 168,89, 162,28, 159,42, 146,66, 141,55, 141,44, 141,25, 137,45, 128,77,128,50, 128,13, 128,11, 126,89, 126,67, 109,73, 73,32, 57,90, 56,27, 47,85, 20,75, 19,25, 17,92; HRMS-ESI (m/z) ([M+H]+) calc para C27H29N2O6, 477,2025; encontrado, 477,2019.Exemplo 6B: preparação de 2-(3-(acetoximetoxi)-4-metoxipicolin- amido)propanoato de (S)-(S)-1,1-difenilpropan-2-ila
[0090] A uma suspensão de 2-(3-hidroxi-4-metoxipicolinamido)-propanoato de (S)-(S)-1,1-difenilpropan-2-ila (Cmpd 90, 100 mg, 0,230 mmol) e K2CO3 (63,g mg, 0,460 mmol) em acetona (4,6 mL) foi adicionado acetato de bromometila (33,9 μL, 0,345 mmol) em temperatura ambiente e a mistura foi aquecida para 55°C por 3 h e então esfriada para a temperatura ambiente. O solvente foi evaporado e o material bruto resultante foi purificado através de cromatografia de coluna rápida (SiO2, 1^40% de acetona em hexanos) para fornecer o composto do título (94,0 mg, 80% de rendimento) como um óleo incolor: 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8,25 (d, J = 5,4 Hz, 1H), 8,22 (d, J = 7,9 Hz, 1H), 7,34 - 7,09 (m, 10H), 6,92 (d, J = 5,4 Hz, 1H), 5,83 (dq, J = 10,1, 6,2 Hz, 1H), 5,72 (d, J = 0,7 Hz, 2H), 4,60 - 4,49 (m, 1H), 4,06 (d, J = 10,1 Hz, 1H), 3,88 (s, 3H), 2,05 (s, 3H), 1,25 (d, J = 6,1 Hz, 3H), 0,91 (d, J = 7,2 Hz, 3H); 13C RMN (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 172,33, 170,25, 162,88, 160,24, 145,70, 143,91, 142,54, 141,48, 141,25, 128,76, 128,49, 128,12, 128,09, 126,89, 126,65, 109,56, 89,50, 73,72, 57,92, 56,17, 48,07, 20,86, 19,25, 17,73; HRMS-ESI (m/z) [M+H]+ calc para C28H31N2O7, 507,2131; encontrado, 507,2125.Exemplo 6C: preparação de 2-(3-((isobutiriloxi)metoxi)-4-metoxipicoli- namido)propanoato de (S)-(S)-1,1-difenilpropan-2-ila
[0091] A uma solução de 2-(3-hidroxi-4-metoxipicolinamido)-propanato de (S)-(S)-1,1-difenilpropan-2-ila (Cmpd 90; 100 mg, 0,230 mmol) em acetona (4,6 mL) foram adicionados carbonato de sódio (Na2CO3; 73,2 mg, 0,690 mmol), iodeto de sódio (NaI; 6,90 mg, 0,046 mmol) e 2-etoxiacetato de clorometila (62,9 mg, 0,460 mmol). A mistura foi aquecida para 55°C de um dia para o outro e então esfriada para a temperatura ambiente e o solvente foi evaporado. O resíduo resul-tante foi purificado através de cromatografia de coluna rápida (SiO2, 2^30% de acetona em hexanos) para fornecer o composto do título (79,0 mg, 64%) como um óleo incolor: 1H RMN (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8,28 (d, J = 7,9 Hz, 1H), 8,25 (d, J = 5,3 Hz, 1H), 7,36 - 7,08 (m, 10H), 6,92 (d, J = 5,4 Hz, 1H), 5,83 (dq, J = 10,1, 6,2 Hz, 1H), 5,79 - 5,69 (m, 2H), 4,62 - 4,44 (m, 1H), 4,06 (d, J = 10,1 Hz, 1H), 3,86 (s, 3H),2,53 (hept, J = 7,0 Hz, 1H), 1,25 (d, J = 6,2 Hz, 3H), 1,13 (d, J = 7,0 Hz, 6H), 0,91 (d, J = 7,2 Hz, 3H); 13C RMN (101 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176,22, 172,34, 162,85, 160,23, 145,55, 144,16, 142,18, 141,48,141,26, 128,76, 128,49, 128,12, 128,09, 126,89, 125,65, 109,48,80,90, 89,90, 73,26, 57,93, 56,12, 48,07, 33,85, 19,26, 18,68, 17,74; HRMS-ESI (m/z) ([M+H]+) calc para C30H35N2O7, 535,2444; encontrado, 535,2431.
[0092] Graus técnicos de materiais foram dissolvidos em acetona, que foram então misturados com nove volumes de água (H2O) contendo 110 ppm de Triton X-100. As soluções fungicidas foram aplicadas a mudas de trigo usando um pulverizador de cabine automático para escorrer. Todas as plantas pulverizadas foram deixadas secar ao ar antes de manuseamento adicional. Todos os fungicidas foram avaliados usando o método mencionado acima quanto à sua atividade vs. todas as doenças alvo, a menos que de outro modo declarado. Atividade de mancha da folha do trigo e ferrugem foram também avaliadas usando aplicações com pulverização em faixa, caso onde os fungici-das foram formulados como formulações EC, contendo Trycol 5941 0,1% nas soluções de pulverização.
[0093] Plantas de trigo (variedade Yuma) foram cultivadas a partir da semente em uma estufa em 50% de solo mineral/50% de mistura Metro sem solo até que a primeira folha tivesse emergido completa- mente, com 7-10 mudas por pote. Essas plantas foram inoculadas com uma suspensão de esporo aquosa de Zymoseptoria tritici ou antes ou após tratamentos fungicidas. Após inoculação as plantas foram mantidas em umidade relativa a 100% (um dia em uma câmara de borrifa- mento escura seguido por dois a três dias em uma câmara de borrifa- mento iluminada a 20°C) para permitir que os esporos germinassem e infectassem a folha. As plantas foram então transferidas para uma estufa ajustada a 20°C para a doença se desenvolver. Quando os sintomas da doença foram totalmente expressos nas 1as folhas de plantas não tratadas, os níveis de infecção foram avaliados em uma escala de 0 a 100 por cento de severidade de doença. Controle de doença percentual foi calculado usando a razão de severidade de doença em plantas tratadas em relação a plantas não tratadas.
[0094] Plantas de trigo (variedade Yuma) foram cultivadas a partir de semente em uma estufa em 50% de solo mineral/50% de mistura Metro sem solo até que a primeira folha tivesse emergido totalmente, com 7-10 mudas por pote. Essas plantas foram inoculadas com uma suspensão de esporo aquosa de Puccinia triticina ou antes ou após tratamentos fungicidas. Após inoculação as plantas foram mantidas em uma sala de borrifamento escura a 22°C com umidade relativa de 100% de um dia para o outro para permitir que os esporos germinassem e infectassem a folha. As plantas foram então transferidas para uma estufa ajustada a 24°C para a doença se desenvolver. Formulação de fungicida, aplicação e avaliação de doença seguiram os procedimentos como descrito no Exemplo A.
[0095] Plantas de trigo (variedade YUMA) foram cultivadas a partir de semente em uma estufa em 50% de solo mineral/50% de mistura Metro sem solo até que a primeira folha tivesse emergido completamente, com 7-10 mudas por pote. Essas plantas foram inoculadas com uma suspensão de esporo aquosa de Leptosphaeria nodorum 24 h após tratamentos fungicidas. Após inoculação as plantas foram mantidas em umidade relativa de 100% (um dia em uma câmara de borrifa- mento escura seguido por dois dias em uma câmara de borrifamento iluminada a 20°C) para permitir que os esporos germinassem e infectassem a folha. As plantas foram então transferidas para uma estufa ajustada a 20°C para a doença se desenvolver. Formulação de fungicida, aplicação e avaliação de doença seguiram os procedimentos como descrito no Exemplo A.
[0096] Mudas de maçã (variedade McIntosh) foram cultivadas em mistura Metro sem solo, com uma planta por pote. As mudas com duas folhas jovens se expandindo na parte superior (folhas mais velhas na parte inferior das plantas foram cortadas) foram usadas no teste. As plantas foram inoculadas com uma suspensão de esporo de Venturia inaequalis 24 h após tratamento com fungicida e mantidas em uma câmara de pulverização a 22°C com 100% de umidade relativa por 48 h, e então levadas para uma estufa ajustada a 20°C para a doença se desenvolver. Formulação de fungicida, aplicação e avaliação de doença nas folhas pulverizadas seguiram os procedimentos como descrito no Exemplo A.
[0097] Plantas de beterraba-açucareira (variedade HH88) foram cultivadas em meio Metro sem solo e podadas regularmente para manter um tamanho de planta uniforme antes do teste. As plantas foram inoculadas com uma suspensão de esporo 24 h após tratamentos fungicidas. As plantas inoculadas foram mantidas em uma câmara de borrifamento a 22°C por 48 h, então incubadas em uma estufa ajustada a 24°C sob chaminé de plástico transparente com ventilação inferior até que os sintomas da doença fossem totalmente expressos. Formulação fungicida, aplicação e avaliação de doença nas folhas pulverizadas seguiram os procedimentos como descrito no Exemplo A.
[0098] Graus técnicos de materiais foram dissolvidos em acetona, que foram então misturados com nove volumes de H2O contendo Tween 20 0,011%. As soluções fungicidas foram aplicadas nas mudas de soja usando um pulverizador de cabine automático para escorrer. Todas as plantas pulverizadas foram deixadas secar ao ar antes de manuseamento adicional.
[0099] Plantas de soja (variedade Williams 82) foram cultivadas em mistura Metro sem solo, com uma planta por pote. Mudas de duas semanas de vida foram usadas para teste. As plantas foram inoculadas ou 3 dias antes ou 1 dia após tratamentos fungicidas. As plantas foram incubadas por 24 h em uma sala de borrifamento escura a 22°C e 100% de umidade relativa, então transferidas para uma sala de crescimento a 23°C para a doença se desenvolver. A severidade da doença foi avaliada nas folhas pulverizadas.
[00100] Mudas de cevada (variedade Harrington) foram propagadas em mistura Metro sem solo, com cada pote tendo 8 a 12 plantas, e usadas no teste quando a primeira folha tinha emergido totalmente. Plantas de teste foram inoculadas através de uma suspensão de espo- ro aquosa de Rhyncosporium secalis 24 h após tratamentos fungicidas. Após inoculação as plantas foram mantidas em uma sala de borri- famento a 20°C com 100% de umidade relativa por 48 h. As plantas foram então transferidas para uma estufa ajustada a 20°C para a doença desenvolver. Formulação fungicida, aplicação e avaliação de doença nas folhas pulverizadas seguiram os procedimentos como descrito no Exemplo A.
[00101] Mudas de arroz (variedade Japonica) foram propagadas em mistura Metro sem solo, com cada pote tendo 8 a 14 plantas e usadas no teste quando com 12 a 14 dias de vida. Plantas de teste foram inoculadas com uma suspensão de esporo aquosa de Pyricularia oryzae 24 h após tratamentos fungicidas. Após inoculação as plantas foram mantidas em uma sala de borrifamento a 22°C com 100% de umidade relativa por 48 h para permitir que os esporos germinassem e infectassem a folha. As plantas foram então transferidas para uma estufa ajustada a 24°C para a doença se desenvolver. Formulação fungicida, aplicação e avaliação de doença nas folhas pulverizadas seguiram os procedimentos como descrito no Exemplo A.
[00102] Plantas de tomate (variedade Outdoor Girl) foram propagadas em mistura Metro sem solo, com cada pote tendo uma planta, e usadas quando tinham 12 a 14 dias de vida. As plantas de teste foram inoculadas com uma suspensão de esporo aquosa de Alternaria solani 24 h após tratamentos fungicidas. Após inoculação as plantas foram mantidas em uma câmara de borrifamento escura a 22°C com umidade relativa de 100% por 48 horas para permitir que os esporos germinassem e infectassem a folha. As plantas foram então transferidas pa ra uma sala de crescimento a 22°C para a doença se desenvolver. Formulação de fungicida, aplicação e avaliação de doença nas folhas pulverizadas seguiram os procedimentos como descrito no Exemplo A. Exemplo J: avaliação de atividade fungicida: antracnose das cucurbi- tas (Colletotrichum lagenarium; código Bayer COLLLA):
[00103] Mudas de pepino (variedade Bush Pickle) foram propagadas em mistura Metro sem solo, com cada pote tendo uma planta, e usadas no teste quando com 12 a 14 dias de vida. As plantas de teste foram inoculadas com uma suspensão de esporo aquosa de Colleto- trichum lagenarium 24 h após tratamentos fungicidas. Após inoculação as plantas foram mantidas em uma sala de borrifamento a 22°C com 100% de umidade relativa por 48 h para permitir que os esporos germinassem e infectassem a folha. As plantas foram então transferidas para uma sala de crescimento ajustada a 22°C para a doença se desenvolver. Formulação fungicida, aplicação e avaliação de doença nas folhas pulverizadas seguiram os procedimentos como descrito no Exemplo A.Tabela 1: Estrutura do Composto, Método de Preparação e Aparência
Claims (21)
1. Composto, caracterizado pelo fato de que apresenta a Fórmula: na qual X é hidrogênio ou C(O)R5; Y é hidrogênio, C(O)R5 ou Q; Q é na qual Z é N ou CH: R1 é hidrogênio ou C1-C8alquila, substituído por 0, 1 ou múl-tiplos R8; R2 é metila; R3 é C1-C8arila opcionalmente substituída por 0, 1 ou múlti-plos R8, e ligado a R12 diretamente ou através de uma ponte de éter; R4 é selecionado dentre hidrogênio, halo, hidroxila, C1- C8alquila ou C1-C8alcoxi; R5 é selecionado dentre C1-C8alcoxi ou benziloxi, cada um opcionalmente substituído por 0, 1 ou múltiplos R8; R6 é selecionado dentre hidrogênio, C1-C8alcoxi ou halo, cada um opcionalmente substituído por 0, 1 ou múltiplos R8; R7 é selecionado dentre hidrogênio, -C(O)R9 ou -CH2OC(O)R9; R8 é selecionado dentre hidrogênio, C1-C8alquila, C1- C8arila, C1-C8acila, halo, C1-C8alquenila, C1-C8alquinila, C1-C8alcoxi, ciano ou C1-C8heterociclila, cada um opcionalmente substituído por 0, 1 ou múltiplos R10; R9 é selecionado dentre C1-C8alquila, C1-C8alcoxi ou C1- C8arila, cada um opcionalmente substituído por 0, 1 ou múltiplos R8; R10 é selecionado dentre hidrogênio, C1-C8alquila, C1- C8arila, C1-C8acila, halo, C1-C8alquenila, C1-C8alcoxi ou C1- C8heterociclila; R11 é selecionado dentre hidrogênio ou C1-C8alquila, substi-tuído por 0, 1 ou múltiplos R8; e R12 é C1-C8arila opcionalmente substituído por 0, 1 ou múl-tiplos R8 e ligado a R3 diretamente ou através de uma ponte de éter.
2. Composto, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que X e Y são hidrogênio.
3. Composto, de acordo com a reivindicação 2, caracterizado pelo fato de que R1 e R11 são independentemente selecionados a partir de hidrogênio ou C1-C8alquila.
4. Composto, de acordo com a reivindicação 2, caracterizado pelo fato de que R4 é H.
5. Composto, de acordo com a reivindicação 2, caracterizado pelo fato de que R1 e R11 são independentemente selecionados a partir de hidrogênio ou C1-C8alquila, e R4 é H.
6. Composto, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que X é C(O)R5 e Y é hidrogênio.
7. Composto, de acordo com a reivindicação 6, caracterizado pelo fato de que R1 e R11 são independentemente selecionados a partir de hidrogênio ou C1-C8alquila.
8. Composto, de acordo com a reivindicação 6, caracterizado pelo fato de que R4 é H.
9. Composto, de acordo com a reivindicação 6, caracteriza-do pelo fato de que R1 e R11 são independentemente selecionados a partir de hidrogênio ou C1-C8alquila, e R4 é H.
10. Composto, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracteri-zado pelo fato de que X é hidrogênio e Y é Q.
11. Composto, de acordo com a reivindicação 10, caracteri-zado pelo fato de que Z é N.
12. Composto, de acordo com a reivindicação 10 ou 11, ca-racterizado pelo fato de que R6 é C1-C8alcoxi.
13. Composto, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindica-ções 10 a 12, caracterizado pelo fato de que R7 é hidrogênio.
14. Composto, de acordo com a reivindicação 13, caracteri-zado pelo fato de que R1 e R11 são independentemente selecionados a partir de hidrogênio ou C1-C8alquila.
15. Composto, de acordo com a reivindicação 13, caracteri-zado pelo fato de que R4 é H.
16. Composto, de acordo com a reivindicação 13, caracteri-zado pelo fato de que R1 e R11 são independentemente selecionados a partir de hidrogênio ou C1-C8alquila, e R4 é H.
17. Composto, de acordo com a reivindicação 12, caracteri-zado pelo fato de que R7 é selecionado dentre -C(O)R9 ou - CH2OC(O)R9.
18. Composto, de acordo com a reivindicação 17, caracteri-zado pelo fato de que R1 e R11 são independentemente selecionados a partir de hidrogênio ou C1-C8alquila.
19. Composto, de acordo com a reivindicação 17, caracteri-zado pelo fato de que R4 é H.
20. Composto, de acordo com a reivindicação 17, caracteri-zado pelo fato de que R1 e R11 são independentemente selecionados a partir de hidrogênio ou C1-C8alquil, e R4 é H.
21. Composto, de acordo com a reivindicação 20, caracteri-zado pelo fato de que R9 é selecionado dentre -CH3, -CH2OCH2CH3, CH2CH2OCH3, -CH(CH3)2, -CH2CH2CH2CH3 ou -ciclopropila.
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- 2015-12-18 KR KR1020237018859A patent/KR20230086808A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 2015-12-18 PL PL15880648T patent/PL3240773T3/pl unknown
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- 2015-12-18 CN CN202110314842.4A patent/CN113173838A/zh active Pending
- 2015-12-18 CN CN201580074495.5A patent/CN107207414B/zh active Active
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