WO2017168811A1 - 深紫外led及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2017168811A1 WO2017168811A1 PCT/JP2016/082397 JP2016082397W WO2017168811A1 WO 2017168811 A1 WO2017168811 A1 WO 2017168811A1 JP 2016082397 W JP2016082397 W JP 2016082397W WO 2017168811 A1 WO2017168811 A1 WO 2017168811A1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 217
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 210
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 153
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/16—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/005—Processes
- H01L33/0062—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds
- H01L33/0075—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds comprising nitride compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/04—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a quantum effect structure or superlattice, e.g. tunnel junction
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/10—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a light reflecting structure, e.g. semiconductor Bragg reflector
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/12—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a stress relaxation structure, e.g. buffer layer
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/14—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a carrier transport control structure, e.g. highly-doped semiconductor layer or current-blocking structure
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
- H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table containing nitrogen
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/36—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes
- H01L33/40—Materials therefor
- H01L33/405—Reflective materials
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- H01L2933/0033—Processes relating to semiconductor body packages
- H01L2933/0058—Processes relating to semiconductor body packages relating to optical field-shaping elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet LED technology.
- Deep UV LEDs with an emission wavelength of 280 nm or less are attracting attention as alternative technologies for mercury lamp sterilization lamps in a wide range of application fields such as sterilization, water purification / air purification, and medical care.
- WPE power-light conversion efficiency
- the main reason is that the light extraction efficiency (LEE) is as low as about 6% because emitted light is absorbed by the p-type GaN contact layer by 50% or more.
- a photonic crystal is provided in a thickness direction including an interface between a p-type GaN contact layer and a p-type AlGaN layer, and incident light is reflected to suppress the absorption.
- the depth of the photonic crystal provided in the above literature is about 300 nm, which is equal to or greater than the period.
- the total film thickness of the p-type GaN contact layer and the p-type AlGaN layer is 300 nm or more, or the film thickness of the p-type AlGaN contact layer is 300 nm or more.
- the p-type AlGaN layer has a thickness of 300 nm, it becomes cloudy and sufficient transparency cannot be secured, resulting in a problem that LEE is lowered.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a new technique for increasing the light extraction efficiency in a deep ultraviolet LED.
- a deep ultraviolet LED having a design wavelength ⁇ , a reflective electrode layer, a metal layer, a p-type GaN contact layer, and a p-type AlGaN transparent to the wavelength ⁇ .
- the distance from the end surface of the hole in the substrate direction to the quantum well layer is not less than the total thickness of the barrier layer and the multiple quantum barrier layer (or the electron blocking layer) within 80 nm and the depth thereof h before
- the maximum value of the light extraction efficiency is obtained within the total thickness of the p-type AlGaN layer and the p-type GaN contact layer, and the reflective photonic crystal periodic structure is opened with respect to the TE polarization component.
- the period a of the photonic crystal periodic structure satisfies the Bragg condition for the light of the design wavelength ⁇ , and the order m in the Bragg conditional expression satisfies 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 5
- a deep ultraviolet LED is provided that satisfies R / a where the photonic band gap is maximized when the radius is R and the radius of the hole is R.
- a deep ultraviolet LED having a design wavelength ⁇ , a reflective electrode layer, an ultrathin metal layer, a p-type AlGaN contact layer transparent to the wavelength ⁇ , multiple quantum A p-type AlGaN contact layer having a barrier layer (or electron block layer), a barrier layer, and a quantum well layer in this order from the opposite side of the substrate, the p-type AlGaN contact layer having a thickness of 100 nm or less;
- a reflective photonic crystal periodic structure having a plurality of holes provided in a range in the thickness direction not exceeding the p-type AlGaN contact layer in the substrate direction, the holes in the substrate direction
- the distance from the end face to the quantum well layer is not less than the total thickness of the barrier layer and the multiple quantum barrier layer (or the electron block layer) within 80 nm, and the depth h is the p-type AlGaN contact layer
- the reflective photonic crystal periodic structure has a photonic band gap that is open with respect to the TE
- a deep ultraviolet LED having a design wavelength ⁇ , a reflective electrode layer, a metal layer, a p-type GaN contact layer, and a p-type AlGaN transparent to the wavelength ⁇ .
- it has a reflective photonic crystal periodic structure having a plurality of holes provided at positions not exceeding the reflective electrode layer, and the distance from the end surface in the substrate direction of the holes to the quantum well layer is the barrier.
- a maximum value of the light extraction efficiency is obtained within the range of the total thickness of the multiple quantum barrier layer (or the electron blocking layer) within 80 nm, and the reflective photonic crystal periodic structure is open to the TE polarization component.
- the period a of the periodic structure of the photonic crystal satisfies the Bragg condition for light of the design wavelength ⁇ , and the order m in the Bragg conditional expression is 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 5
- a deep ultraviolet LED characterized by satisfying R / a that maximizes the photonic band gap when R is the radius of the hole.
- a deep ultraviolet LED having a design wavelength ⁇ , a reflective electrode layer, an ultrathin metal layer, a p-type AlGaN contact layer transparent to the wavelength ⁇ , a multiple quantum A barrier layer (or an electron blocking layer), a barrier layer, and a quantum well layer are provided in this order from the side opposite to the substrate, and the thickness of the p-type AlGaN contact layer is within 100 nm, and the p in the substrate direction
- Light having a crystal periodic structure, and the distance from the end surface of the vacancies in the substrate direction to the quantum well layer is 80 nm or more within the total thickness of the barrier layer and the multiple quantum barrier layer (or the electron block layer)
- a deep ultraviolet LED having a design wavelength ⁇ , a reflective electrode layer, a metal layer, a p-type GaN contact layer, and a p-type AlGaN transparent to the wavelength ⁇ .
- the distance from the end surface of the hole in the substrate direction to the quantum well layer is the sum of the thicknesses of the barrier layer and the multiple quantum barrier layer (or the electron blocking layer).
- the maximum value of the light extraction efficiency is obtained when the total value is within 80 nm and the depth h is within the total thickness of the p-type AlGaN layer and the p-type GaN contact layer, and the reflection type photonic crystal period is obtained.
- the structure has a photonic band gap open to the TE polarization component, the period a of the photonic crystal periodic structure satisfies the Bragg condition for the light of the design wavelength ⁇ , and the Bragg conditional expression
- a deep ultraviolet LED characterized in that the order m satisfies 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 5 and R / a that maximizes the photonic band gap when R is the radius of the hole.
- a deep ultraviolet LED having a design wavelength ⁇ , a reflective electrode layer, an ultrathin metal layer, a p-type AlGaN contact layer transparent to the wavelength ⁇ , a multiple quantum A p-type AlGaN contact layer having a barrier layer (or electron block layer), a barrier layer, and a quantum well layer in this order from the opposite side of the substrate, the p-type AlGaN contact layer having a thickness of 100 nm or less;
- a reflective photonic crystal periodic structure having a plurality of holes provided from the thickness direction not exceeding the p-type AlGaN contact layer in the substrate direction to the interface between the p-type AlGaN contact layer and the ultrathin metal layer.
- the distance from the end face of the hole in the substrate direction to the quantum well layer is not less than the total thickness of the barrier layer and the multiple quantum barrier layer (or the electron blocking layer) and not more than 80 nm.
- the maximum value of the light extraction efficiency is obtained when the depth h is within the thickness of the p-type AlGaN contact layer, and the reflective photonic crystal periodic structure is a photonic that is open to the TE polarization component.
- the period a of the photonic crystal periodic structure satisfies the Bragg condition for the light of the design wavelength ⁇ , and the order m in the Bragg conditional expression satisfies 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 5,
- a deep ultraviolet LED characterized by satisfying R / a in which the photonic band gap is maximum when the radius of the hole is R.
- a deep ultraviolet LED having a design wavelength of ⁇ , a reflective electrode layer, a metal layer, a p-type GaN contact layer, and a p-type AlGaN transparent to the wavelength ⁇ A layer, a multiple quantum barrier layer (or electron block layer), a barrier layer, and a quantum well layer in this order from the side opposite to the substrate, and the p-type AlGaN layer has a thickness of 100 nm or less, and the p-type A reflection type photonic crystal period having a plurality of holes provided not exceeding the interface between the GaN contact layer and the p-type AlGaN layer and within the thickness of the p-type GaN contact layer in the substrate direction
- the distance from the end surface of the hole in the substrate direction to the quantum well layer is not less than the total thickness of the barrier layer and the multiple quantum barrier layer (or the electron blocking layer) within 80 nm and the depth thereof h is the p-type G
- the maximum value of the light extraction efficiency can be obtained
- a deep ultraviolet LED manufacturing method which is transparent to a reflective electrode layer, a metal layer, a p-type GaN contact layer, and a wavelength ⁇ .
- a reflective photonic crystal periodic structure having a plurality of holes provided in a range in the thickness direction not exceeding the p-type AlGaN layer in the substrate direction, including an interface with the type AlGaN layer,
- the distance from the end surface in the substrate direction of the hole to the quantum well layer is within 80 nm or more of the total thickness of the barrier layer and the multiple quantum barrier layer (or the electron block layer), and the depth h is the p-type AlGaN layer
- a deep ultraviolet LED manufacturing method wherein the reflective electrode layer, the ultrathin metal layer, and the p-type AlGaN contact layer transparent to the wavelength ⁇ are provided. And a step of preparing a laminated structure containing the p-type AlGaN contact layer within a thickness of 100 nm and in the p-type AlGaN contact layer in the substrate direction.
- a reflective photonic crystal periodic structure having a plurality of holes provided in a range in the thickness direction not exceeding the p-type AlGaN contact layer, from the end surface of the holes in the substrate direction to the quantum well layer
- the distance is not less than the total thickness of the barrier layer and the multiple quantum barrier layer (or the electron blocking layer) within 80 nm and the depth h is within the thickness of the p-type AlGaN contact layer.
- a method of manufacturing a deep ultraviolet LED according to the third aspect which is transparent to a reflective electrode layer, a metal layer, a p-type GaN contact layer, and a wavelength ⁇ .
- the p-type GaN contact layer and the metal layer are penetrated from the thickness direction not exceeding the p-type AlGaN layer in the substrate direction, including the interface with the p-type AlGaN layer, and reach the reflective electrode layer.
- a reflective photonic crystal periodic structure having a plurality of vacancies provided at positions not exceeding the distance between the barrier layer and the multiple quantum barrier layer so that the distance from the end surface in the substrate direction of the vacancies to the quantum well layer (Some A step of preparing a mold for forming a reflective photonic crystal periodic structure capable of obtaining a maximum value of light extraction efficiency within a range of not less than 80 nm and not less than a total thickness of the electron block layer), and on the stacked structure. Forming a resist layer and transferring the mold structure; sequentially etching the laminated structure using the resist layer as a mask to form a photonic crystal periodic structure; and redepositing the reflective electrode layer And a process for producing a deep ultraviolet LED.
- a deep ultraviolet LED manufacturing method comprising a reflective electrode layer, an ultrathin metal layer, and a p-type AlGaN contact that is transparent to a wavelength ⁇ .
- a layered structure containing layers in this order from the opposite side of the substrate, and the p-type AlGaN contact layer has a thickness of 100 nm or less and exceeds the p-type AlGaN contact layer in the substrate direction
- a reflective photonic crystal periodic structure having a plurality of holes provided at positions not penetrating the ultrathin metal layer from the thickness direction and reaching the reflective electrode layer but not exceeding the reflective electrode layer;
- a method for manufacturing a deep ultraviolet LED which includes a step of sequentially etching the laminated structure to form a photonic crystal periodic structure and a step of redepositing a reflective electrode layer.
- a deep ultraviolet LED manufacturing method wherein the reflective electrode layer, the metal layer, the p-type GaN contact layer, and the wavelength ⁇ are transparent.
- a deep ultraviolet LED manufacturing method comprising a reflective electrode layer, an ultrathin metal layer, and a p-type AlGaN contact layer transparent to a wavelength ⁇ . And a step of preparing a laminated structure containing the p-type AlGaN contact layer within a thickness of 100 nm and in the p-type AlGaN contact layer in the substrate direction.
- the distance from the end face in the substrate direction to the quantum well layer is not less than the total thickness of the barrier layer and the multiple quantum barrier layer (or the electron blocking layer) within 80 nm and the depth h is
- a resist layer is formed and the structure of the mold is transferred, and the stacked structure is sequentially etched using the resist layer as a mask to form a photonic crystal periodic structure.
- a deep ultraviolet LED manufacturing method wherein the reflective electrode layer, the metal layer, the p-type GaN contact layer, and the wavelength ⁇ are transparent.
- a step of preparing a laminated structure containing the p-type AlGaN layer in this order from the side opposite to the substrate, the p-type AlGaN layer has a thickness of 100 nm or less, and the p-type GaN contact layer and the p-type AlGaN layer A reflective photonic crystal periodic structure having a plurality of holes provided in the thickness direction of the p-type GaN contact layer in the substrate direction without exceeding the interface with the AlGaN layer,
- the distance from the end surface in the substrate direction of the vacancy to the quantum well layer is not less than 80 nm and not less than the total thickness of the barrier layer and the multiple quantum barrier layer (or the electron block layer), and the depth h is the p-type GaN.
- Contact layer A step of preparing a mold for forming a reflective photonic crystal periodic structure that can obtain a maximum value of light extraction efficiency within a film thickness, and crystal growth to the p-type GaN contact layer in the stacked structure
- a deep ultraviolet process comprising: forming a resist layer and transferring the structure of the mold; and etching the stacked structure sequentially using the resist layer as a mask to form a photonic crystal periodic structure.
- the LEE of deep ultraviolet LEDs can be dramatically improved.
- FIG. 1A (a-1) and 1 (a-2) are a cross-sectional view and a plan view showing an example of the structure of a deep ultraviolet LED using a p-type GaN contact layer photonic crystal according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is.
- FIG. 1B (b) is a diagram showing a configuration example of a surface-mount package having a deep ultraviolet LED structure using a p-type GaN contact layer photonic crystal according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure shown as a modification of FIG. 1A. It is a figure shown as a modification of FIG. 1B.
- FIG. 4B (b) is a diagram showing a configuration example of a surface-mount package having a deep ultraviolet LED structure using a p-type AlGaN contact layer photonic crystal according to the second embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure shown as a modification of FIG. 4A. It is a figure shown as a modification of FIG. 4B. It is a figure which shows the FDTD method calculation model at the time of using a photonic crystal for a p-type GaN contact layer. It is a figure which shows the FDTD method calculation model at the time of using a p-type AlGaN contact layer photonic crystal. It is a figure which shows the calculation model and analysis result of a ray tracing method.
- Photonic crystal vicinity electric field distribution It is a figure which shows x component, (a) is Flat, (b) is Ex when a photonic crystal periodic structure is provided, (c) is a photonic crystal periodic structure. It is a figure which shows the calculation result regarding Ex at the time of providing. It is a figure which shows photonic crystal vicinity electric field distribution: y component corresponding to FIG. 8A.
- FIG. 8A It is a figure which shows the photonic crystal vicinity electric field distribution: z component corresponding to FIG. 8A. It is a figure which shows the sum total component of the electric field distribution in the horizontal surface which cross
- FIG. 12A (a-1) and 12 (a-2) are a cross-sectional view and a plan view showing an example of the structure of a deep ultraviolet LED using a p-type GaN contact layer photonic crystal according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. It is.
- FIG. 12B (b) is a diagram showing a configuration example of a surface-mount package having a deep ultraviolet LED structure using a p-type GaN contact layer photonic crystal according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the FDTD method calculation model at the time of using a p-type GaN photonic crystal.
- A Enhancement of LEE
- 16A (a-1) and 16 (a-2) are a cross-sectional view and a plan view showing an example of the structure of a deep ultraviolet LED using a p-type GaN contact layer photonic crystal according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. It is.
- FIG. 16A (a-1) and 16 (a-2) are a cross-sectional view and a plan view showing an example of the structure of a deep ultraviolet LED using a p-type GaN contact layer photonic crystal according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. It is.
- FIGS. 19A (a-1) and 19 (a-2) are a cross-sectional view and a plan view showing an example of the structure of a deep ultraviolet LED using a p-type AlGaN contact layer photonic crystal according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. It is.
- FIG. 19A (a-1) and 19 (a-2) are a cross-sectional view and a plan view showing an example of the structure of a deep ultraviolet LED using a p-type AlGaN contact layer photonic crystal according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. It is.
- 19B (b) is a diagram showing a configuration example of a surface-mount package having a deep ultraviolet LED structure using a p-type AlGaN contact layer photonic crystal according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the FDTD method calculation model at the time of using a p-type AlGaN photonic crystal.
- 22A (a-1) and 22 (a-2) are a cross-sectional view and a plan view showing an example of the structure of a deep ultraviolet LED using a p-type GaN contact layer photonic crystal according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. It is.
- FIG. 22B (b) is a diagram showing a configuration example of a surface-mount package having a deep ultraviolet LED structure using a p-type GaN contact layer photonic crystal according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the FDTD method calculation model at the time of using a p-type GaN photonic crystal.
- FIGS. 1A (a-1) and (a-2). the structure (cross-sectional view and plan view) of an AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet LED having a design wavelength ⁇ of 280 nm is shown in FIGS. 1A (a-1) and (a-2). ).
- FIG. 1B (b) shows a deep ultraviolet LED mounted on a surface mount package.
- the sapphire substrate 1 In order from the top of the cross-sectional view of FIG. 1A (a-1), the sapphire substrate 1, the AlN buffer layer 2, the n-type AlGaN layer 3, the barrier layer 4, the quantum well layer 5, the barrier layer 6, and the multiple layers. It has a quantum barrier layer (MQB) 7, a p-type AlGaN layer (transparent p-type AlGaN layer) 8, a p-type GaN contact layer 9, a Ni layer 10, and an Au reflective electrode layer 11.
- MQB quantum barrier layer
- the p-type AlGaN layer 8 has a film thickness of 100 nm or less, includes the interface between the p-type GaN contact layer 9 and the p-type AlGaN layer 8, and does not exceed the p-type AlGaN layer in the substrate direction.
- the periodic structure 100 is provided, and the photonic crystal periodic structure 100 is provided with a hole (columnar structure, hole) 101 (h) and has a photonic band gap to reflect light with a wavelength ⁇ . It is a photonic crystal periodic structure. Note that it is not preferable to form the photonic crystal periodic structure only in the p-type GaN contact layer 9 because light is absorbed by the p-type GaN contact layer.
- the multiple quantum barrier layer (MQB) 7 may be an electron block layer. The same applies to the following embodiments.
- the reflective photonic crystal periodic structure 100 is formed of a cylinder or the like having a refractive index smaller than that of a p-type AlGaN layer or a p-type GaN contact layer.
- Holes 101 (h) having a cross section of a circle with a radius R have a hole structure formed in a triangular lattice pattern with a period a along the x and y directions. Further, the hole 101 (h) has a structure that does not exceed the interface between the p-type AlGaN layer 8 and the multiple quantum barrier layer 7, and the hole 101 (h) has an end surface in the substrate direction and the quantum well layer 5.
- the distance G is in the range of not less than the sum of the film thicknesses of the barrier layer 6 and the multiple quantum barrier layer 7 and not more than 80 nm. Further, the depth h of the reflective photonic crystal periodic structure 100 is within the total thickness of the p-type AlGaN layer 8 and the p-type GaN contact layer 9.
- the body 101 (h) may have a structure that penetrates the Ni layer 10 and reaches the Au reflective electrode layer 11, but does not reach the interface between the Au reflective electrode layer 11 and air.
- the deep ultraviolet light having the wavelength ⁇ emitted from the quantum well layer 5 is transmitted in the medium while the TE light and the TM light are emitted in all directions and elliptically polarized.
- the photonic crystal periodic structure 100 provided in the vicinity of the quantum well layer 5 is formed with two structures of a p-type AlGaN layer 8 and air having different refractive indexes at the end face, and has a hole radius R and a period a.
- the ratio R / a 0.0.4
- FIG. 2 is obtained when the photonic band structure of TE light is obtained by the plane wave expansion method.
- R / a 0.4 was invented by the inventor himself and described in International Application PCT / JP2015 / 071453 (Prior Art 1), “R / a size, PBG size, light extraction It is a value adopted from the principle that the efficiency increase / decrease rate is proportional to each other.
- the depth does not need to be 300 nm, and even at a shallow depth of about 60 nm.
- the reflection effect more than the structure of the prior art 1 or the like can be obtained.
- the possible range of the order m has also expanded. Note that as m decreases, the period also decreases.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a photonic crystal reflection effect.
- TE light incident from all directions on the photonic crystal periodic structure provided in the vicinity of the quantum well layer completely satisfies the Bragg scattering conditions as indicated by AR1. In order to satisfy the above, it is scattered in this plane and reflected in the direction of the substrate.
- TM light is not Bragg-scattered in the depth direction because there is no PBG, as indicated by a broken line AR2. Therefore, the incident light is not absorbed or lost by the p-type GaN contact layer.
- the layer where the crystal is formed is made thicker by devising the position where the photonic crystal periodic structure is provided in the layer to be provided with the photonic crystal periodic structure.
- a large light extraction efficiency can be obtained by increasing the reflection effect while suppressing white turbidity.
- 4A (a-1) is a cross-sectional view
- FIG. 4A (a-2) is a plan view
- FIG. 4B (b) shows a deep ultraviolet LED mounted on a surface mount package. Specifically, in order from the top of FIG.
- the sapphire substrate 1 the AlN buffer layer 2, the n-type AlGaN layer 3, the barrier layer 4, the quantum well layer 5, the barrier layer 6, and the multiple quantum barrier layer ( MQB) 7, a p-type AlGaN contact layer (transparent p-type AlGaN contact layer) 8a, an ultrathin Ni layer 10a, and an Al reflective electrode layer 11a.
- MQB multiple quantum barrier layer
- the thickness of the p-type AlGaN contact layer 8a is 100 nm or less
- the photonic crystal periodic structure 100 is provided in the p-type AlGaN contact layer 8a within a range not exceeding the p-type AlGaN layer in the substrate direction
- the photonic crystal periodic structure 100 is a reflective photonic crystal periodic structure in which holes (columnar structures, holes) 101 (h) are provided and a photonic band gap is provided to reflect light having a wavelength ⁇ .
- FIG. 4A (a-1), (a-2), and FIG. 4B (b) are shown in FIG. 4C (a-1), (a-2) and FIG. 4D (b).
- the depth of the holes in the photonic crystal periodic structure in the thickness direction penetrates the ultrathin metal layer in the direction opposite to the substrate and reaches the reflective electrode layer, but penetrates the reflective electrode layer.
- the structure is extended to the extent that it is not allowed.
- FIG. 5 shows a photonic crystal calculation model of the p-type GaN contact layer (first embodiment)
- FIG. 6 shows a calculation model of the p-type AlGaN contact layer (second embodiment), respectively.
- FIG. 7A (a-1) is a calculation model of a pGaN contact.
- FIG. 7A (a-2) shows a radiation pattern as an analysis result.
- FIG. 7A (b) shows the details of the model and the light extraction efficiency which is the analysis result.
- FIG. 7A (c-1) is a calculation model of a pAlGaN contact.
- FIG. 7A (c-2) shows a radiation pattern as an analysis result.
- FIG. 7B shows the relationship between the size of the photonic band gap and the reflection / transmission effect, and the light extraction efficiency (LEE) increase / decrease rate in the deep ultraviolet LED, which is obtained by analysis by the FDTD method. It is a figure which shows the detailed processing flow for obtaining the diameter d of this, the period a, and the depth h.
- Step S01 A ratio (R / a) between the period a, which is a periodic structure parameter, and the radius R of the structure is provisionally determined.
- Step S02 The average refractive index n av is calculated from the respective refractive indexes n 1 and n 2 of the previous structure and R / a, and this is substituted into the Bragg condition formula, and the period a and the radius R for each order m are calculated. obtain.
- Step S03 The photonic band structure of TE light is analyzed by a plane wave expansion method using dielectric constants ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 of each structure obtained from R / a, wavelength ⁇ , and refractive indexes n 1 and n 2 .
- Step S04 The R / a at which the PBG between the first photonic band and the second photonic band of TE light is maximized is determined by repeated analysis by changing the value of R / a of the provisional determination.
- Step S05 For R / a that maximizes the PBG, the wavelength ⁇ is obtained by simulation analysis using the FDTD method in which the individual period a and the radius R according to the order m of the Bragg condition and the depth h of an arbitrary periodic structure are used as variables. Calculate the light extraction efficiency for.
- Step S06 By repeatedly performing the simulation by the FDTD method, the order m of the Bragg condition that maximizes the light extraction efficiency with respect to the wavelength ⁇ , and the period a, the radius R, and the depth h of the periodic structure parameter corresponding to the order m are determined. To do.
- the analysis was performed by changing the distance from the end face to the quantum well layer from 50 nm to 80 nm and changing the depth of the holes from 40 to 60 nm. The analysis results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Table 2 also shows LEE analysis results when the order m is changed.
- pAlGaN p-type AlGaN contact layer photonic crystal
- pGaN p-type GaN contact layer photonic crystal
- Flat structure without photonic crystal periodic structure
- PhC Depth 40 nm hole depth 40 nm
- Power output value of FDTD method
- FlatLEE% LEE calculation value of ray tracing method
- Enhanced LEE increase / decrease rate of PhC output value with respect to output value of Flat
- PhC LEE% Flat with LEE% of photonic crystal LEE% ⁇ (Enhanced + 100%)
- FIG. 8A shows the electric field distribution Ex component
- FIG. 8A (a) is Flat
- FIG. 8A (b) is a photonic crystal periodic structure (photonic crystal periodic structure is not shown)
- FIG. 8A (c) is a photonic crystal. It is a periodic structure (photonic crystal periodic structure is shown). Each shows the electric field distribution of the cross-sectional structure.
- the photonic crystal periodic structure is removed in FIGS. 8A (c) and 8A (b).
- FIG. 8D (a) is an electric field distribution Etotal of Flat
- FIG. 8D (b) is an electric field distribution Etotal at the center of the photonic crystal.
- the electric field propagates repeatedly in the direction of strength (color shading).
- this analysis result shows that “TE light incident on the photonic crystal periodic structure provided in the vicinity of the quantum well layer from all directions completely satisfies the Bragg scattering condition. In order to satisfy, the physical phenomenon of “scattered in this plane and reflected in the direction of the substrate” is well explained.
- FIG. 9A shows the LEE increase / decrease rate of the p-type AlGaN contact layer
- FIG. 9B shows the LEE increase / decrease rate of the p-type GaN contact layer.
- maximum values are obtained at all depths at a distance of 60 nm from the end face of the hole to the quantum well layer.
- FIG. 9C shows a photonic crystal periodic structure of a p-type GaN contact layer having a distance to the quantum well layer of 60 nm and a hole depth of 60 nm and its flat, as well as a photonic crystal of the p-type AlGaN contact layer.
- the periodic structure and its flat radiation pattern are shown.
- the output value in the front direction (angle 0 to 10 °) with respect to the flat is particularly increased in the photonic crystal periodic structure.
- FIG. 10A shows the light extraction efficiency with a distance to the quantum well layer of 60 nm for the photonic crystals provided in the p-type GaN contact layer and the p-type AlGaN contact layer. From this result, a proportional relationship between the depth (Depth) h of the photonic crystal periodic structure (hole) and LEE is observed.
- the reflection effect of the photonic crystal periodic structure can be obtained by bringing the position of the photonic crystal periodic structure closer to the quantum well structure. It can be seen that the light extraction efficiency is twice as high as that of the structure and slightly more than three times as high as that of the photonic crystal periodic structure of the p-type GaN contact layer.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a photonic crystal periodic structure processing process.
- Nanoimprint lithography technology is used for photonic crystal processing. Since the surface of the p-type GaN contact layer 209 has a warp of 100 ⁇ m or more in the convex direction, the mold corresponds to the resin mold 200. Also, a two-layer resist is used in order to keep the hole diameter close to the vertical and accurately in the dry etching.
- a lower layer resist 211 is spin-coated on the surface of the p-type GaN contact layer 209 in a wafer having a deep ultraviolet LED laminated structure laminated up to the p-type GaN contact layer 209.
- a Si-containing upper layer resist 210 is spin-coated to form a two-layer resist (see FIG. 11A).
- the upper resist is pressed with a resin mold 200 having a reversal pattern of a predetermined photonic crystal periodic structure and UV cured to transfer the photonic crystal pattern 212 to the upper resist 210 (see FIG. 11B).
- the upper layer resist 210 is etched with oxygen plasma to form a mask 213. Refer to FIG.
- the distance from the end face of the photonic crystal pattern (hole) 212 to the quantum well layer 205 does not exceed the p-type AlGaN layer 208 by ICP plasma, and the thickness of the barrier layer 206 and the multiple quantum barrier layer 207 is the mask 213.
- Etching is performed to a position not less than the total value and not more than 80 nm, and processed into a shape in which the hole depth is within the total value of the film thicknesses of the p-type AlGaN layer 208 and the p-type GaN contact layer 209. Refer to FIG. Finally, the remaining lower layer resist 211 is cleaned to perform clean surface exposure.
- the metal layer and the reflective electrode layer are formed on the GaN or AlGaN crystal after the photonic crystal pattern is formed, and the structure shown in FIG. 1A, FIG. 4A, FIG. 12A, or FIG. Form.
- the structure shown in FIG. 1C or FIG. 4C is formed by forming a photonic crystal pattern after forming the metal layer and the reflective electrode layer, and re-depositing a reflective electrode layer such as Au or Al thereon.
- a p-type GaN contact layer or a p-type AlGaN contact layer is formed and then a photonic crystal pattern is formed, and a metal layer and a reflective electrode layer are formed thereon by an oblique deposition method, as shown in FIG. 16A or FIG. 19A. Forming a structure.
- the metal layer and the reflective electrode layer are stacked on the surface of the p-type GaN contact layer or the p-type AlGaN contact layer without forming the metal layer and the reflective electrode layer in the hole of the photonic crystal pattern. It is possible.
- 12A (a-1) is a cross-sectional view
- FIG. 12A (a-2) is a plan view
- FIG. 12B (b) shows a deep ultraviolet LED mounted on a surface mount package.
- This LED is the same as the laminated thin film structure of the deep ultraviolet LED in the first embodiment, but the thickness of the p-type GaN contact layer 9 is different from 200 nm. This is to obtain surface flatness by laminating the p-type GaN contact layer thickly in the device manufacturing process.
- the photonic crystal periodic structure 100 is provided in a range including the interface between the p-type GaN contact layer 9 and the p-type AlGaN layer 8 and not exceeding the p-type AlGaN layer in the substrate direction, and the photonic crystal period
- the structure 100 is a reflective photonic crystal periodic structure in which holes (columnar structures, holes) 101 (h) are provided and a photonic band gap is provided to reflect light having a wavelength ⁇ .
- the hole 101 (h) has a structure that does not exceed the interface between the p-type AlGaN layer 8 and the multiple quantum barrier layer 7, and the hole 101 (h) has an end surface in the substrate direction and the quantum well layer 5.
- the distance G is not less than the total thickness of the barrier layer 6 and the multiple quantum barrier layer 7 and within 80 nm.
- the depth h of the reflective photonic crystal periodic structure 100 is within the total thickness of the p-type AlGaN layer 8 and the p-type GaN contact layer 9.
- FIG. 13 shows a photonic crystal calculation model of the p-type GaN contact layer.
- the analysis results are shown in Table 3, FIG. 14 (a) Enhancement of LEE, (b) light extraction efficiency, and (c) radiation pattern (Radiation Pattern).
- FIG. 15A is an electric field intensity distribution in a cross section of a photonic crystal having a depth of 120 nm.
- FIG. 15B is an electric field intensity distribution in a cross section of the photonic crystal having a depth of 140 nm.
- FIG. 15C is an electric field intensity distribution in a cross section of a photonic crystal having a depth of 160 nm.
- 15A to 15C (electric field intensity distribution), it can be seen that light (electric field) that has entered the photonic crystal reaches the deepest part of the photonic crystal at any depth. As the depth increases, light (electric field) penetrates into the p-type GaN contact layer, where light is absorbed and lost.
- the p-type GaN contact layer is thin in order to reduce the depth of the photonic crystal.
- 16A (a-1) is a cross-sectional view
- FIG. 16A (a-2) is a plan view
- FIG. 16B (b) shows a deep ultraviolet LED mounted on a surface mount package.
- the LED is the same as the laminated thin film structure of the deep ultraviolet LED in the fourth embodiment, but the thickness of the p-type GaN contact layer 9 is different from 150 nm. This is a modification from the viewpoint of another method in the device manufacturing process.
- the photonic crystal periodic structure 100 is provided in a range including the interface between the p-type GaN contact layer 9 and the p-type AlGaN layer 8 and not exceeding the p-type AlGaN layer in the substrate direction, and the photonic crystal period
- the structure 100 is a reflective photonic crystal periodic structure in which holes (columnar structures, holes) 101 (h) are provided and a photonic band gap is provided to reflect light having a wavelength ⁇ .
- the void 101 (h) does not exceed the interface between the p-type AlGaN layer 8 and the multiple quantum barrier layer 7, but has a structure that reaches the interface between the p-type GaN contact layer 9 and the Ni layer 10, and
- the distance G between the end surface of the hole 101 (h) in the substrate direction and the quantum well layer 5 is equal to or greater than the total thickness of the barrier layer 6 and the multiple quantum barrier layer 7 and within 80 nm.
- the depth h of the reflective photonic crystal periodic structure 100 is within the total thickness of the p-type AlGaN layer 8 and the p-type GaN contact layer 9.
- FIG. 17 shows a photonic crystal calculation model of the p-type GaN contact layer.
- the analysis results are shown in Table 4, FIG. 18 (a) Enhancement of LEE, FIG. 18 (b) light extraction efficiency, and FIG. 18 (c) radiation pattern (Radiation Pattern).
- 19A (a-1) is a cross-sectional view
- FIG. 19A (a-2) is a plan view
- FIG. 19B (b) shows a deep ultraviolet LED mounted on a surface mount package.
- the LED is the same as the laminated thin film structure of the deep ultraviolet LED in the second embodiment, but is a modification viewed from the viewpoint of another method in the device manufacturing process.
- the p-type AlGaN contact layer 8a has a thickness of 100 nm or less, and the p-type AlGaN contact layer 8a is provided with the photonic crystal periodic structure 100 in a range not exceeding the p-type AlGaN contact layer in the substrate direction.
- the photonic crystal periodic structure 100 is a reflective photonic crystal periodic structure in which holes (columnar structures, holes) 101 (h) are provided and a photonic band gap is provided to reflect light having a wavelength ⁇ .
- the hole 101 (h) does not exceed the interface between the p-type AlGaN contact layer 8a and the multiple quantum barrier layer 7, but has reached the interface between the p-type AlGaN contact layer 8a and the ultrathin Ni layer 10a.
- the distance G between the end surface of the hole 101 (h) in the substrate direction and the quantum well layer 5 is equal to or greater than the total thickness of the barrier layer 6 and the multiple quantum barrier layer 7 and within 80 nm.
- the depth h of the reflective photonic crystal periodic structure 100 is within the thickness of the p-type AlGaN contact layer 8a.
- FIG. 20 shows a photonic crystal calculation model of the p-type AlGaN contact layer.
- the analysis results are shown in Table 5, FIG. 21 (a) Enhancement of LEE, FIG. 21 (b) LEE, and FIG. 21 (c) radiation pattern (Radiation Pattern).
- 22A (a-1) is a cross-sectional view
- FIG. 22A (a-2) is a plan view
- FIG. 22B (b) shows a deep ultraviolet LED mounted on a surface mount package.
- the LED is the same as the laminated thin film structure of the deep ultraviolet LED in the first embodiment and the fourth embodiment, but the position where the photonic crystal periodic structure 100 is provided is different. This is a modification from the viewpoint of another method in the device manufacturing process.
- the photonic crystal periodic structure 100 is provided in the range of the thickness of the p-type GaN contact layer 9 without exceeding the interface between the p-type GaN contact layer 9 and the p-type AlGaN layer 8 in the substrate direction;
- the photonic crystal periodic structure 100 is a reflective photonic crystal periodic structure in which holes (columnar structures, holes) 101 (h) are provided and a photonic band gap is provided to reflect light having a wavelength ⁇ .
- the hole 101 (h) does not exceed the interface between the p-type GaN contact layer 9 and the Ni layer 10, and the distance G from the end surface of the hole 101 (h) in the substrate direction to the quantum well layer 5 is
- the total thickness of the barrier layer 6 and the multiple quantum barrier layer 7 is not less than 80 nm and not less than 80 nm. Further, the depth h of the reflective photonic crystal periodic structure 100 is within the thickness of the p-type GaN contact layer 9.
- the deep ultraviolet light having the wavelength ⁇ emitted from the quantum well layer 5 is transmitted in the medium while being elliptically polarized by emitting TE light and TM light in all directions. Since the photonic crystal periodic structure 100 provided in the vicinity of the quantum well layer 5 is provided within the film thickness of the p-type GaN contact layer 9, two different refractions of the p-type GaN contact layer 9 and air are present at the end face.
- the ratio R / a 0.4, which is the ratio of the radius R of the holes to the period a, is 0.4
- the photonic band structure of TM light is obtained by the plane wave expansion method, and it is confirmed that PBG is obtained between the first photonic band and the second photonic band in TE light.
- FIG. 23 shows a photonic crystal calculation model of the LED structure.
- the thickness of the p-type AlGaN layer 8 is changed in 10 nm steps in the range of 0 nm to 30 nm, and the position of the hole 101 (h) is the end face in the substrate direction with the p-type AlGaN layer 8 and the p-type GaN contact.
- the depth was set to 120 nm from the interface of the layer 9.
- the distance G between the quantum well layer 5 and the end face of the hole 101 (h) in the substrate direction becomes shorter. That is, the distance G is 50 nm when the thickness of the p-type AlGaN layer 8 is 0 nm, and similarly, the distance G is set to be 80 nm when the thickness of the p-type AlGaN layer 8 is 30 nm by changing in 10 nm steps.
- the analysis results are shown in Table 6, FIG. 24 (a) Enhancement of LEE, FIG. 24 (b) light extraction efficiency, and FIG. 24 (c) radiation pattern (Radiation Pattern).
- the light extraction efficiency increase / decrease rate of FIG. 24A increases as the thickness of the p-type AlGaN layer decreases, and the distance G from the quantum well layer 5 is 50 nm (in this case, p-type AlGaN).
- a maximum value of about 2.7 times the strength is obtained when the layer thickness is 0 nm, and about 2.5 times the strength is obtained even when the distance G is 60 nm (also the thickness of the p-type AlGaN layer is 10 nm). It has been.
- the maximum value of 17.3% is obtained by distance G50nm.
- FIG. 24C shows a radiation pattern at a distance G50 nm, and it can be seen that the output in the axial direction (0 to 30 °) increases with respect to Flat.
- an LED device is created.
- the LEE of a deep ultraviolet LED can be dramatically improved by providing a photonic crystal periodic structure in a thin p-type AlGaN layer.
- Each component of the present invention can be arbitrarily selected, and an invention having a selected configuration is also included in the present invention.
- the present invention can be used for deep ultraviolet LEDs.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る深紫外LEDとして、設計波長λを280nmとするAlGaN系深紫外LEDの構造(断面図と平面図)を図1A(a-1)、(a-2)に表す。図1B(b)は表面実装型パッケージに搭載した深紫外LEDである。
次に、本発明の第2の実施の形態に係る深紫外LEDとして、設計波長λを280nmとするAlGaN系深紫外LEDの構造を図4A(a-1)、(a-2)に表す。図4A(a-1)は断面図、図4A(a-2)は平面図である。図4B(b)は表面実装型パッケージに搭載した深紫外LEDである。具体的には、図4A(a-1)の上から順番にサファイア基板1、AlNバッファー層2、n型AlGaN層3、バリア層4、量子井戸層5、バリア層6、多重量子障壁層(MQB)7、p型AlGaNコンタクト層(透明p型AlGaNコンタクト層)8a、極薄膜Ni層10a、Al反射電極層11aを有する。
(ステップS01)
周期構造パラメータである周期aと構造体の半径Rの比(R/a)を仮決定する。
(ステップS02)
前期構造体のそれぞれの屈折率n1とn2、及びこれらとR/aから平均屈折率navを算出し、これをブラッグ条件の式に代入し、次数mごとの周期aと半径Rを得る。
(ステップS03)
R/a及び波長λ並びに前記屈折率n1、n2から得られる各構造体の誘電率ε1及びε2を用いた平面波展開法により、TE光のフォトニックバンド構造を解析する。
(ステップS04)
TE光の第一フォトニックバンドと第二フォトニックバンド間のPBGが最大となるR/aを、前記仮決定のR/aの値を変えて繰り返し行う解析により決定する。
(ステップS05)
PBGを最大にするR/aについて、ブラッグ条件の次数mに応じた個別の周期a及び半径R、並びに、任意の周期構造の深さhを変数として行うFDTD法によるシミュレーション解析により、前記波長λに対する光取出し効率を求める。
(ステップS06)
FDTD法によるシミュレーションを繰り返し行うことにより、波長λに対する光取出し効率が最大となるブラッグ条件の次数mと、その次数mに対応する周期構造パラメータの周期a、半径R、及び、深さhを決定する。
本発明の第3の実施の形態に係る深紫外LEDの反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を加工する製造方法について詳細を説明する。図11は、フォトニック結晶周期構造加工プロセスの一例を示す図である。
次に、本発明の第4の実施の形態に係る深紫外LEDとして、設計波長λを280nmとするAlGaN系深紫外LEDの構造を図12A(a-1)、(a-2)に表す。図12A(a-1)は断面図、図12A(a-2)は平面図である。図12B(b)は表面実装型パッケージに搭載した深紫外LEDである。
次に、本発明の第5の実施の形態に係る深紫外LEDとして、設計波長λを280nmとするAlGaN系深紫外LEDの構造を図16A(a-1)、(a-2)に示す。図16A(a-1)は断面図、図16A(a-2)は平面図である。図16B(b)は表面実装型パッケージに搭載した深紫外LEDである。
次に、本発明の第6の実施の形態に係る深紫外LEDとして、設計波長λを280nmとするAlGaN系深紫外LEDの構造を図19A(a-1)、(a-2)に示す。図19A(a-1)は断面図、図19A(a-2)は平面図である。図19B(b)は表面実装型パッケージに搭載した深紫外LEDである。
次に、本発明の第7の実施の形態に係る深紫外LEDとして、設計波長λを280nmとするAlGaN系深紫外LEDの構造を図22A(a-1)、(a-2)に示す。図22A(a-1)は断面図、図22A(a-2)は平面図である。図22B(b)は表面実装型パッケージに搭載した深紫外LEDである。
Claims (14)
- 設計波長をλとする深紫外LEDであって、反射電極層と、金属層と、p型GaNコンタクト層と、波長λに対し透明な、p型AlGaN層、多重量子障壁層或いは電子ブロック層、バリア層、量子井戸層とを、基板とは反対側からこの順で有し、前記p型AlGaN層の膜厚が100nm以内で、少なくとも前記p型GaNコンタクト層と前記p型AlGaN層との界面を含み、前記基板方向において前記p型AlGaN層を超えない厚さ方向の範囲内に設けられた複数の空孔を有する反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を有し、前記空孔の基板方向の端面から量子井戸層までの距離が前記バリア層と前記多重量子障壁層或いは前記電子ブロック層の膜厚の合計値以上80nm以内及びその深さhが前記p型AlGaN層と前記p型GaNコンタクト層の膜厚の合計値以内において光取出し効率の極大値が得られ、かつ、前記反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造は、TE偏光成分に対して開かれるフォトニックバンドギャップを有し、前記設計波長λの光に対して前記フォトニック結晶周期構造の周期aがブラッグの条件を満たし、かつ、ブラッグの条件式にある次数mは1≦m≦5を満たし、前記空孔の半径をRとした時、フォトニックバンドギャップが最大となるR/aを満たすことを特徴とする深紫外LED。
- 設計波長をλとする深紫外LEDであって、反射電極層と、極薄膜金属層と、波長λに対し透明な、p型AlGaNコンタクト層、多重量子障壁層或いは電子ブロック層、バリア層、量子井戸層とを、基板とは反対側からこの順で有し、前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層の膜厚が100nm以内で、前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層内に、前記基板方向において前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層を超えない厚さ方向の範囲内に設けられた複数の空孔を有する反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を有し、前記空孔の基板方向の端面から量子井戸層までの距離が前記バリア層と前記多重量子障壁層或いは前記電子ブロック層の膜厚の合計値以上80nm以内及びその深さhが前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層の膜厚以内において光取出し効率の極大値が得られ、かつ、前記反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造は、TE偏光成分に対して開かれるフォトニックバンドギャップを有し、前記設計波長λの光に対して前記フォトニック結晶周期構造の周期aがブラッグの条件を満たし、かつ、ブラッグの条件式にある次数mは1≦m≦5を満たし、前記空孔の半径をRとした時、フォトニックバンドギャップが最大となるR/aを満たすことを特徴とする深紫外LED。
- 設計波長をλとする深紫外LEDであって、反射電極層と、金属層と、p型GaNコンタクト層と、波長λに対し透明な、p型AlGaN層、多重量子障壁層或いは電子ブロック層、バリア層、量子井戸層とを、基板とは反対側からこの順で有し、前記p型AlGaN層の膜厚が100nm以内で、少なくとも前記p型GaNコンタクト層と前記p型AlGaN層との界面を含み、前記基板方向において前記p型AlGaN層を超えない厚さ方向からp型GaNコンタクト層及び金属層を貫通し、反射電極層内に達しているが、反射電極層を超えない位置に設けられた複数の空孔を有する反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を有し、前記空孔の基板方向の端面から量子井戸層までの距離が前記バリア層と前記多重量子障壁層或いは前記電子ブロック層の膜厚の合計値以上80nm以内において光取出し効率の極大値が得られ、かつ、前記反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造は、TE偏光成分に対して開かれるフォトニックバンドギャップを有し、前記設計波長λの光に対して前記フォトニック結晶周期構造の周期aがブラッグの条件を満たし、かつ、ブラッグの条件式にある次数mは1≦m≦5を満たし、前記空孔の半径をRとした時、フォトニックバンドギャップが最大となるR/aを満たすことを特徴とする深紫外LED。
- 設計波長をλとする深紫外LEDであって、反射電極層と、極薄膜金属層と、波長λに対し透明な、p型AlGaNコンタクト層、多重量子障壁層或いは電子ブロック層、バリア層、量子井戸層とを、基板とは反対側からこの順で有し、前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層の膜厚が100nm以内で、前記基板方向において前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層を超えない厚さ方向から極薄膜金属層を貫通し、反射電極層内に達しているが、反射電極層を超えない位置に設けられた複数の空孔を有する反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を有し、前記空孔の基板方向の端面から量子井戸層までの距離が前記バリア層と前記多重量子障壁層或いは前記電子ブロック層の膜厚の合計値以上80nm以内において光取出し効率の極大値が得られ、かつ、前記反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造は、TE偏光成分に対して開かれるフォトニックバンドギャップを有し、前記設計波長λの光に対して前記フォトニック結晶周期構造の周期aがブラッグの条件を満たし、かつ、ブラッグの条件式にある次数mは1≦m≦5を満たし、前記空孔の半径をRとした時、フォトニックバンドギャップが最大となるR/aを満たすことを特徴とする深紫外LED。
- 設計波長をλとする深紫外LEDであって、反射電極層と、金属層と、p型GaNコンタクト層と、波長λに対し透明な、p型AlGaN層、多重量子障壁層或いは電子ブロック層、バリア層、量子井戸層とを、基板とは反対側からこの順で有し、前記p型AlGaN層の膜厚が100nm以内で、少なくとも前記p型GaNコンタクト層と前記p型AlGaN層との界面を含み、前記基板方向において前記p型AlGaN層を超えない厚さ方向からp型GaNコンタクト層と金属層の界面にかけて設けられた複数の空孔を有する反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を有し、前記空孔の基板方向の端面から量子井戸層までの距離が前記バリア層と前記多重量子障壁層或いは前記電子ブロック層の膜厚合計値以上80nm以内及びその深さhが前記p型AlGaN層と前記p型GaNコンタクト層の膜厚の合計値以内において光取出し効率の極大値が得られ、かつ、前記反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造は、TE偏光成分に対して開かれるフォトニックバンドギャップを有し、前記設計波長λの光に対して前記フォトニック結晶周期構造の周期aがブラッグの条件を満たし、かつ、ブラッグの条件式にある次数mは1≦m≦5を満たし、前記空孔の半径をRとした時、フォトニックバンドギャップが最大となるR/aを満たすことを特徴とする深紫外LED。
- 設計波長をλとする深紫外LEDであって、反射電極層と、極薄膜金属層と、波長λに対し透明な、p型AlGaNコンタクト層、多重量子障壁層或いは電子ブロック層、バリア層、量子井戸層とを、基板とは反対側からこの順で有し、前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層の膜厚が100nm以内で、前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層内に、前記基板方向において前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層を超えない厚さ方向からp型AlGaNコンタクト層と極薄膜金属層の界面にかけて設けられた複数の空孔を有する反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を有し、前記空孔の基板方向の端面から量子井戸層までの距離が前記バリア層と前記多重量子障壁層或いは前記電子ブロック層の膜厚の合計値以上80nm以内及びその深さhがp型AlGaNコンタクト層の膜厚以内において光取出し効率の極大値が得られ、かつ、前記反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造は、TE偏光成分に対して開かれるフォトニックバンドギャップを有し、前記設計波長λの光に対して前記フォトニック結晶周期構造の周期aがブラッグの条件を満たし、かつ、ブラッグの条件式にある次数mは1≦m≦5を満たし、前記空孔の半径をRとした時、フォトニックバンドギャップが最大となるR/aを満たすことを特徴とする深紫外LED。
- 設計波長をλとする深紫外LEDであって、反射電極層と、金属層と、p型GaNコンタクト層と、波長λに対し透明な、p型AlGaN層、多重量子障壁層或いは電子ブロック層、バリア層、量子井戸層とを、基板とは反対側からこの順で有し、前記p型AlGaN層の膜厚が100nm以内で、前記p型GaNコンタクト層と前記p型AlGaN層との界面を超えず、かつ、前記基板方向において前記p型GaNコンタクト層の膜厚の範囲内に設けられた複数の空孔を有する反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を有し、前記空孔の基板方向の端面から量子井戸層までの距離が前記バリア層と前記多重量子障壁層或いは前記電子ブロック層の膜厚の合計値以上80nm以内及びその深さhが前記p型GaNコンタクト層の膜厚以内において光取出し効率の極大値が得られ、かつ、前記反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造は、TE偏光成分に対して開かれるフォトニックバンドギャップを有し、前記設計波長λの光に対して前記フォトニック結晶周期構造の周期aがブラッグの条件を満たし、かつ、ブラッグの条件式にある次数mは1≦m≦5を満たし、前記空孔の半径をRとした時、フォトニックバンドギャップが最大となるR/aを満たすことを特徴とする深紫外LED。
- 請求項1記載の深紫外LEDの製造方法であって、
反射電極層と、金属層と、p型GaNコンタクト層と、波長λに対し透明な、p型AlGaN層とを、基板とは反対側からこの順で含有する積層構造体を準備する工程と、
前記p型AlGaN層の膜厚が100nm以内で、少なくとも前記p型GaNコンタクト層と前記p型AlGaN層との界面を含み、前記基板方向において前記p型AlGaN層を超えない厚さ方向の範囲内に設けられた複数の空孔を有する反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を有し、前記空孔の基板方向の端面から量子井戸層までの距離が前記バリア層と前記多重量子障壁層或いは前記電子ブロック層の膜厚の合計値以上80nm以内及びその深さhが前記p型AlGaN層と前記p型GaNコンタクト層の膜厚の合計値以内において光取出し効率の極大値が得られる反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を形成するための金型を準備する工程と、
前記積層構造体上に、レジスト層を形成し、前記金型の構造を転写する工程と、
前記レジスト層をマスクとして順次前記積層構造体をエッチングしてフォトニック結晶周期構造を形成する工程と
を有する深紫外LEDの製造方法。 - 請求項2記載の深紫外LEDの製造方法であって、
反射電極層と、極薄膜金属層と、波長λに対し透明な、p型AlGaNコンタクト層とを、基板とは反対側からこの順で含有する積層構造体を準備する工程と、
前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層の膜厚が100nm以内で、前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層内に、前記基板方向において前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層を超えない厚さ方向の範囲内に設けられた複数の空孔を有する反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を有し、前記空孔の基板方向の端面から量子井戸層までの距離が前記バリア層と前記多重量子障壁層或いは前記電子ブロック層の膜厚の合計値以上80nm以内及びその深さhが前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層の膜厚以内において光取出し効率の極大値が得られる反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を形成するための金型を準備する工程と、
前記積層構造体上に、レジスト層を形成し、前記金型の構造を転写する工程と、
前記レジスト層をマスクとして順次前記積層構造体をエッチングしてフォトニック結晶周期構造を形成する工程とを有する深紫外LEDの製造方法。 - 請求項3記載の深紫外LEDの製造方法であって、
反射電極層と、金属層と、p型GaNコンタクト層と、波長λに対し透明な、p型AlGaN層とを、基板とは反対側からこの順で含有する積層構造体を準備する工程と、
前記p型AlGaN層の膜厚が100nm以内で、少なくとも前記p型GaNコンタクト層と前記p型AlGaN層との界面を含み、前記基板方向において前記p型AlGaN層を超えない厚さ方向からp型GaNコンタクト層と金属層を貫通し、反射電極層内に達しているが、反射電極層を超えない位置に設けられた複数の空孔を有する反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を有し、前記空孔の基板方向の端面から量子井戸層までの距離が前記バリア層と前記多重量子障壁層或いは前記電子ブロック層の膜厚の合計値以上80nm以内において光取出し効率の極大値が得られる反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を形成するための金型を準備する工程と、
前記積層構造体上に、レジスト層を形成し、前記金型の構造を転写する工程と、
前記レジスト層をマスクとして順次前記積層構造体をエッチングしてフォトニック結晶周期構造を形成する工程と、
反射電極層を再蒸着させる工程と
を有する深紫外LEDの製造方法。 - 請求項4記載の深紫外LEDの製造方法であって、
反射電極層と、極薄膜金属層と、波長λに対し透明な、p型AlGaNコンタクト層とを、基板とは反対側からこの順で含有する積層構造体を準備する工程と、
前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層の膜厚が100nm以内で、前記基板方向において前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層を超えない厚さ方向から極薄膜金属層を貫通し、反射電極層内に達しているが反射電極層を超えない位置に設けられた複数の空孔を有する反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を有し、前記空孔の基板方向の端面から量子井戸層までの距離が前記バリア層と前記多重量子障壁層或いは前記電子ブロック層の膜厚の合計値以上80nm以内において光取出し効率の極大値が得られる反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を形成するための金型を準備する工程と、
前記積層構造体上に、レジスト層を形成し、前記金型の構造を転写する工程と、
前記レジスト層をマスクとして順次前記積層構造体をエッチングしてフォトニック結晶周期構造を形成する工程と、
反射電極層を再蒸着させる工程と
を有する深紫外LEDの製造方法。 - 請求項5記載の深紫外LEDの製造方法であって、
反射電極層と、金属層と、p型GaNコンタクト層と、波長λに対し透明な、p型AlGaN層とを、基板とは反対側からこの順で含有する積層構造体を準備する工程と、
前記p型AlGaN層の膜厚が100nm以内で、少なくとも前記p型GaNコンタクト層と前記p型AlGaN層との界面を含み、前記基板方向において前記p型AlGaN層を超えない厚さ方向からp型GaNコンタクト層と金属層の界面にかけて設けられた複数の空孔を有する反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を有し、前記空孔の基板方向の端面から量子井戸層までの距離が前記バリア層と前記多重量子障壁層或いは前記電子ブロック層の膜厚の合計値以上80nm以内及びその深さhが前記p型AlGaN層と前記p型GaNコンタクト層の膜厚の合計値以内において光取出し効率の極大値が得られる反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を形成するための金型を準備する工程と、
前記積層構造体のうち前記p型GaNコンタクト層まで結晶成長させた上に、レジスト層を形成し、前記金型の構造を転写する工程と、
前記レジスト層をマスクとして順次前記積層構造体をエッチングしてフォトニック結晶周期構造を形成する工程と、
前記フォトニック結晶周期構造形成後に金属層と反射電極層をこの順で斜め蒸着させる工程と
を有する深紫外LEDの製造方法。 - 請求項6記載の深紫外LEDの製造方法であって、
反射電極層と、極薄膜金属層と、波長λに対し透明な、p型AlGaNコンタクト層とを、基板とは反対側からこの順で含有する積層構造体を準備する工程と、
前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層の膜厚が100nm以内で、前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層内に、前記基板方向において前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層を超えない厚さ方向からp型AlGaNコンタクト層と極薄膜金属層の界面にかけて設けられた複数の空孔を有する反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を有し、前記空孔の基板方向の端面から量子井戸層までの距離が前記バリア層と前記多重量子障壁層或いは前記電子ブロック層の膜厚の合計値以上80nm以内及びその深さhが前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層の膜厚以内において光取出し効率の極大値が得られる反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を形成するための金型を準備する工程と、
前記積層構造体のうち前記p型AlGaNコンタクト層まで結晶成長させた上に、レジスト層を形成し、前記金型の構造を転写する工程と、
前記レジスト層をマスクとして順次前記積層構造体をエッチングしてフォトニック結晶周期構造を形成する工程と、
前記フォトニック結晶周期構造形成後に極薄膜金属層と反射電極層をこの順で斜め蒸着させる工程と
を有する深紫外LEDの製造方法。 - 請求項7記載の深紫外LEDの製造方法であって、
反射電極層と、金属層と、p型GaNコンタクト層と、波長λに対し透明な、p型AlGaN層とを、基板とは反対側からこの順で含有する積層構造体を準備する工程と、前記p型AlGaN層の膜厚が100nm以内で、前記p型GaNコンタクト層と前記p型AlGaN層との界面を超えず、かつ、前記基板方向において前記p型GaNコンタクト層の膜厚の範囲内に設けられた複数の空孔を有する反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を有し、前記空孔の基板方向の端面から量子井戸層までの距離が前記バリア層と前記多重量子障壁層或いは前記電子ブロック層の膜厚の合計値以上80nm以内及びその深さhが前記p型GaNコンタクト層の膜厚以内において光取出し効率の極大値が得られる反射型フォトニック結晶周期構造を形成するための金型を準備する工程と、前記積層構造体のうち前記p型GaNコンタクト層まで結晶成長させた上に、レジスト層を形成し、前記金型の構造を転写する工程と、前記レジスト層をマスクとして順次前記積層構造体をエッチングしてフォトニック結晶周期構造を形成する工程と、を有する深紫外LEDの製造方法。
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