WO2016017502A1 - エピタキシャルウエハおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
エピタキシャルウエハおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016017502A1 WO2016017502A1 PCT/JP2015/070844 JP2015070844W WO2016017502A1 WO 2016017502 A1 WO2016017502 A1 WO 2016017502A1 JP 2015070844 W JP2015070844 W JP 2015070844W WO 2016017502 A1 WO2016017502 A1 WO 2016017502A1
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- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/36—Carbides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/32—Carbides
- C23C16/325—Silicon carbide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/10—Heating of the reaction chamber or the substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/18—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
- C30B25/186—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate being specially pre-treated by, e.g. chemical or physical means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/18—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
- C30B25/20—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate the substrate being of the same materials as the epitaxial layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/0237—Materials
- H01L21/02373—Group 14 semiconducting materials
- H01L21/02378—Silicon carbide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/02433—Crystal orientation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02524—Group 14 semiconducting materials
- H01L21/02529—Silicon carbide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/0257—Doping during depositing
- H01L21/02573—Conductivity type
- H01L21/02576—N-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
- H01L21/02617—Deposition types
- H01L21/0262—Reduction or decomposition of gaseous compounds, e.g. CVD
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an epitaxial wafer and a manufacturing method thereof.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus used for manufacturing an epitaxial wafer.
- the epitaxial wafer of the present disclosure includes a silicon carbide film having a first main surface.
- a groove is formed in the first main surface of the silicon carbide film.
- the groove extends in one direction along the first main surface.
- the groove has a width in one direction that is at least twice the width in the direction perpendicular to the one direction.
- the maximum depth from the first main surface of the groove is 10 nm or less.
- the method for manufacturing an epitaxial wafer according to the present disclosure includes a step of preparing a silicon carbide substrate having a second main surface, and a step of epitaxially growing a silicon carbide film on the second main surface.
- the step of epitaxially growing the silicon carbide film includes the step of epitaxially growing the first film on the second main surface using a source gas having a C / Si ratio of less than 1, and a source having a C / Si ratio of less than 1.
- a step of epitaxially growing the second film using a source gas is
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a cross section taken along line VI-VI in FIG. 5.
- the epitaxial wafer 100 of the present disclosure includes a silicon carbide film 120 having a first main surface 101.
- the first main surface 101 extends in one direction along the first main surface 101, and the width in the one direction is more than twice the width in the direction perpendicular to the one direction.
- a groove 20 having a maximum depth from the main surface 101 of 10 nm or less is formed.
- the width in one direction of the groove 20 is the “second width 82”
- the width in the direction perpendicular to the one direction of the groove 20 is the “third width 83”
- the maximum from the first main surface 101 of the groove 20 is The depth is also referred to as “second depth 72”.
- a minute pit portion may be formed on the surface of the silicon carbide film.
- This pit portion is formed due to threading dislocations inherited from the silicon carbide substrate to the silicon carbide film, and is a recess having a depth of about several tens of nanometers.
- the present inventor has found that this pit portion increases the variation in the thickness of the oxide film formed on the surface of the silicon carbide film, and that the variation in the thickness is one factor in the decrease in long-term reliability of the silicon carbide semiconductor device. I found out.
- the present inventor has found that the formation of pits can be suppressed under specific epitaxial growth conditions. According to the growth conditions, while the pit portion is reduced, many groove portions that are shallower than the pit portion and extend in one direction are formed. However, since the groove portion is shallower than the pit portion, the influence on the thickness of the oxide film is smaller than that of the pit portion.
- the first main surface 101 of the silicon carbide film 120 extends in one direction so that the ratio of the second width 82 to the third width 83 is 2 or more, and the second main surface 101 A groove portion 20 having a depth 72 of 10 nm or less is formed. That is, the epitaxial wafer 100 is formed such that a larger number of the groove portions 20 are formed compared to the pit portion having a depth of several tens of nanometers by controlling the epitaxial growth conditions of the silicon carbide film 120 and the like. It has become. Therefore, according to the epitaxial wafer 100, variation in the thickness of the oxide film can be reduced as compared with the conventional epitaxial wafer in which a large number of the pit portions are formed.
- the shape of the “groove” can be specified by observing the first main surface 101 using a predetermined defect inspection apparatus. Thereby, the second width 82 and the third width 83 of the groove 20 can be measured.
- the defect inspection apparatus for example, WASAVI series “SICA 6X” manufactured by Lasertec Corporation can be used (objective lens: ⁇ 10).
- the depth of the “groove” can be measured using an AFM (Atomic Force Microscope).
- the groove 20 may include a first groove 21 and a second groove 22 connected to the first groove 21.
- the first groove 21 may be formed at one end of the groove 20 in the one direction.
- the second groove portion 22 extends from the first groove portion 21 along the one direction to reach the other end portion on the opposite side to the one end portion, and has a depth from the first main surface 101.
- the first depth 71 may be smaller than the second depth 72 that is the maximum depth of the first groove portion 21.
- the formation of pit portions that increase the variation in the thickness of the oxide film is suppressed. Therefore, according to the epitaxial wafer 100, variations in the thickness of the oxide film can be reduced.
- the epitaxial wafer 100 may further include a silicon carbide substrate 110 having a second main surface 102 having an off angle of ⁇ 4 ° or less with respect to the (0001) plane.
- Silicon carbide film 120 is a silicon carbide single crystal film formed on second main surface 102, and groove portion 20 is a step along the off direction of the off angle from threading dislocation 40 existing in silicon carbide film 120. It may be formed so as to extend along the flow growth direction.
- the groove 20 may be formed so as to extend along the step flow growth direction.
- the formation of minute pits that reduce the long-term reliability of the silicon carbide semiconductor device is suppressed. Therefore, according to the epitaxial wafer 100, variations in the thickness of the oxide film can be reduced.
- the off-direction may be within a range of ⁇ 5 ° or less with respect to the ⁇ 11-20> direction.
- the second main surface 102 may be inclined with respect to the (0001) plane in a predetermined off direction.
- the off-direction may be within a range of ⁇ 5 ° or less with respect to the ⁇ 01-10> direction.
- the second main surface 102 may be inclined with respect to the (0001) plane in a predetermined off direction.
- the epitaxial wafer manufacturing method of the present disclosure includes a step (S10) of preparing a silicon carbide substrate 110 having a second main surface 102, and a step of epitaxially growing a silicon carbide film on the second main surface ( S20).
- the step of epitaxially growing the silicon carbide film includes the step of epitaxially growing the first film 121 on the second main surface 102 using a source gas having a C / Si ratio of less than 1, and the C / Si ratio of less than 1.
- the step of reconfiguring the surface of the first film 121 using a mixed gas containing the raw material gas and hydrogen gas, and the C / Si ratio on the surface of the reconstructed first film 121 is 1
- a step of epitaxially growing the second film 122 using the above source gas is 1
- C / Si ratio indicates the ratio of the number of carbon (C) atoms to the number of silicon (Si) atoms in the raw material gas.
- “Restructuring the surface” means changing the surface properties of the first film by etching with hydrogen gas and epitaxial growth with a source gas. Through the reconfiguration step, the thickness of the first film may decrease, increase, or not substantially change.
- the ratio of the raw material gas flow rate to the hydrogen gas flow rate is reduced as compared with normal epitaxial growth so that the etching with the hydrogen gas and the epitaxial growth with the raw material gas antagonize.
- the threading dislocations described above include threading screw dislocations, threading edge dislocations, and mixed dislocations in which these dislocations are mixed.
- the pit portion formed due to threading screw dislocations and mixed dislocations can be shallowed by reconfiguring the surface of the first film. After that, the C / Si ratio of the source gas is changed from a value less than 1 to a value of 1 or more, and the second film is grown. Thereby, it is considered that the effect of shallowing the pit portion due to threading screw dislocation and mixed dislocation increases.
- FIG. 1 partially shows a cross-sectional structure of an epitaxial wafer according to this embodiment.
- 2 and 3 partially show the planar structure of the epitaxial wafer according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional structure along the line II shown in FIGS.
- an epitaxial wafer 100 includes a silicon carbide substrate 110 and a silicon carbide film 120.
- Silicon carbide substrate 110 is made of, for example, a silicon carbide single crystal. This silicon carbide single crystal has, for example, a hexagonal crystal structure and a polytype of 4H type. Silicon carbide substrate 110 has an n-type conductivity by including an n-type impurity such as nitrogen (N). Silicon carbide substrate 110 has a diameter of, for example, 100 mm or more (4 inches or more), and preferably 150 mm or more (6 inches or more).
- the silicon carbide substrate 110 has a second main surface 102 and a third main surface 103 opposite to the second main surface 102.
- the second main surface 102 is a main surface on which the silicon carbide film 120 is formed as shown in FIG.
- Second main surface 102 has an off angle of ⁇ 4 ° or less with respect to the (0001) plane (hereinafter also referred to as “silicon (Si) plane”).
- the off direction of the off angle may be, for example, within a range of ⁇ 5 ° or less with respect to the ⁇ 11-20> direction, or within a range of ⁇ 5 ° or less with respect to the ⁇ 01-10> direction. May be.
- Silicon carbide film 120 is a silicon carbide single crystal film formed on second main surface 102 by a vapor phase growth method such as a CVD method. More specifically, the silicon carbide film 120 is formed by a CVD method using silane (SiH 4 ) and propane (C 3 H 8 ) as a source gas and nitrogen (N 2 ) or ammonia (NH 3 ) as a dopant gas. It is the formed epitaxially grown film. Further, nitrogen (N) atoms generated by the thermal decomposition of nitrogen or ammonia are taken into silicon carbide film 120, whereby the conductivity type of silicon carbide film 120 is n-type.
- a vapor phase growth method such as a CVD method. More specifically, the silicon carbide film 120 is formed by a CVD method using silane (SiH 4 ) and propane (C 3 H 8 ) as a source gas and nitrogen (N 2 ) or ammonia (NH 3 ) as a dopant gas. It is the formed epitaxially grown film
- the n-type impurity concentration of silicon carbide film 120 is lower than the n-type impurity concentration of silicon carbide substrate 110. Since second main surface 102 is off with respect to the (0001) plane as described above, silicon carbide film 120 is formed by step flow growth. For this reason, silicon carbide film 120 is made of 4H-type silicon carbide similarly to silicon carbide substrate 110, and mixing of different polytypes is suppressed. Silicon carbide film 120 has a thickness of, for example, about 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- Groove 20 is formed on the surface of silicon carbide film 120, that is, on first main surface 101.
- the groove 20 extends in one direction along the first main surface 101 in a plan view of the first main surface 101 as shown in FIG. More specifically, the groove 20 extends along the step flow growth direction along the off direction of the off angle with respect to the (0001) plane of the first main surface 101. That is, the groove 20 extends along a direction that is within ⁇ 5 ° or less with respect to the ⁇ 11-20> direction, or a direction that is within ⁇ 5 ° or less with respect to the ⁇ 01-10> direction. ing.
- FIG. 1 is drawn so that the “step flow growth direction” coincides with the X-axis direction in each figure. 1 to 3, the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction are orthogonal to each other. 2 and 3 indicates a direction perpendicular to the step flow growth direction.
- the Z-axis direction shown in FIG. 1 indicates the thickness direction of the silicon carbide film.
- the width of the groove 20 in the one direction is not less than twice the width in the direction perpendicular to the one direction (third width 83), and preferably not less than five times.
- the second width 82 is not less than 15 ⁇ m and not more than 50 ⁇ m, preferably not less than 25 ⁇ m and not more than 35 ⁇ m.
- the third width 83 is not less than 1 ⁇ m and not more than 5 ⁇ m, preferably not less than 2 ⁇ m and not more than 3 ⁇ m.
- the groove 20 is formed so as to extend along the step flow growth direction from the threading dislocation 40 existing in the silicon carbide film 120. More specifically, the groove part 20 is connected to the first groove part 21 formed on the threading dislocation 40 and the first groove part 21 and extends from the first groove part 21 along the step flow growth direction. 2nd groove part 22 formed in this.
- the first groove 21 is formed at one end (left end in FIG. 1) of the groove 20 in the step flow growth direction.
- the first groove 21 has a maximum depth (second depth) from the first major surface 101 of 10 nm or less.
- the second depth 72 is the maximum depth in the entire groove portion 20 as shown in FIG.
- the width of the first groove portion 21 (first width 81) is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the second groove portion 22 starts from the connection portion with the first groove portion 21 and reaches the other end portion (the right end portion in FIG. 1) opposite to the one end portion. It is formed to reach.
- the second groove 22 has a depth from the first main surface 101 (first depth 71) smaller than the maximum depth of the first groove 21 (second depth 72). Is formed. More specifically, the second groove portion 22 extends along the step flow growth direction while maintaining a depth shallower than the second depth 72.
- the first depth 71 is preferably 3 nm or less, more preferably 2 nm or less, and even more preferably 1 nm or less.
- variety (4th width 84) of the 2nd groove part 22 is 20 micrometers or more, for example, Preferably it is 25 micrometers or more.
- the manufacturing method includes a step of preparing a silicon carbide substrate (S10) and a step of epitaxially growing a silicon carbide film (S20).
- a step of preparing a silicon carbide substrate is performed.
- this step (S10) for example, a 4H-type silicon carbide ingot (not shown) crystal-grown using a sublimation recrystallization method is sliced to a predetermined thickness, whereby the second main surface 102 and the third main surface 102 Silicon carbide substrate 110 (FIG. 1) having surface 103 is prepared.
- FIG. 5 is a side view of the epitaxial growth apparatus 1.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of epitaxial growth apparatus 1 along line VI-VI in FIG.
- the epitaxial growth apparatus 1 mainly includes a heating element 6, a heat insulating material 5, a quartz tube 4, and an induction heating coil 3.
- the heating element 6 is made of, for example, a carbon material.
- the heating element 6 has a semicylindrical hollow structure including a curved surface portion 7 and a flat portion 8. Two heating elements 6 are provided and arranged so that the flat portions 8 face each other. A space surrounded by the flat portion 8 is a channel 2 that is a space for processing the silicon carbide substrate 110.
- the heat insulating material 5 is a member for insulating the channel 2 from the outside of the epitaxial growth apparatus 1.
- the heat insulating material 5 is arrange
- the quartz tube 4 is disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the heat insulating material 5.
- the induction heating coil 3 is wound around the outer periphery of the quartz tube 4.
- silicon carbide substrate 110 prepared in the step (S10) is arranged in channel 2 of epitaxial growth apparatus 1. More specifically, silicon carbide substrate 110 is placed on a susceptor (not shown) provided on one heating element 6.
- Step of epitaxially growing the first film Next, a step of epitaxially growing the first film is performed.
- the first film 121 (see FIG. 1) is epitaxially grown on the second main surface 102 of the silicon carbide substrate 110 using a source gas having a C / Si ratio of less than 1.
- the inside of the channel 2 is adjusted to a predetermined pressure, for example, 60 mbar to 100 mbar (6 kPa to 10 kPa) while flowing the carrier gas.
- the carrier gas may be, for example, hydrogen (H 2 ) gas, argon (Ar) gas, helium (He) gas, or the like.
- the heating element 6 is induction-heated by supplying a predetermined alternating current to the induction heating coil. Thereby, the susceptor on which channel 2 and silicon carbide substrate 110 are placed is heated to a predetermined reaction temperature. At this time, the susceptor is heated to about 1500 ° C. to 1750 ° C., for example.
- the source gas includes Si source gas and C source gas.
- the Si source gas include silane (SiH 4 ) gas, disilane (Si 2 H 6 ) gas, dichlorosilane (SiH 2 Cl 2 ) gas, trichlorosilane (SiHCl 3 ) gas, silicon tetrachloride (SiCl 4 ) gas, and the like. Is mentioned. That is, the Si source gas may be at least one selected from the group consisting of silane gas, disilane gas, dichlorosilane gas, trichlorosilane gas, and silicon tetrachloride gas.
- the C source gas examples include methane (CH 4 ) gas, ethane (C 2 H 6 ) gas, propane (C 3 H 8 ) gas, acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) gas, and the like. That is, the C source gas may be at least one selected from the group consisting of methane gas, ethane gas, propane gas, and acetylene gas.
- the source gas may contain a dopant gas.
- the dopant gas include nitrogen gas and ammonia gas.
- the source gas in the step of epitaxially growing the first film may be a mixed gas of silane gas and propane gas, for example.
- the C / Si ratio of the source gas is adjusted to less than 1.
- the C / Si ratio may be, for example, 0.5 or more, 0.6 or more, or 0.7 or more.
- the C / Si ratio may be, for example, 0.95 or less, 0.9 or less, or 0.8 or less.
- the silane gas flow rate and the propane gas flow rate may be appropriately adjusted in a range of about 10 to 100 sccm, for example, so that a desired C / Si ratio is obtained.
- the unit of flow rate “sccm (Standard Cubic Centimeter per Minute)” indicates “mL / min” in the standard state (0 ° C., 101.3 kPa).
- the film formation rate in the step of epitaxially growing the first film may be, for example, about 3 ⁇ m / h or more and 30 ⁇ m / h or less.
- the thickness of the first film is, for example, not less than 0.1 ⁇ m and not more than 150 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the first film may be 0.2 ⁇ m or more, 1 ⁇ m or more, 10 ⁇ m or more, or 15 ⁇ m or more. Further, the thickness of the first film may be 100 ⁇ m or less, 75 ⁇ m or less, or 50 ⁇ m or less.
- Step of reconfiguring the surface of the first film (S22) Next, a step of reconfiguring the surface of the first film is performed.
- the step of restructuring the surface may be performed continuously with the step of epitaxially growing the first film. Alternatively, a predetermined pause time may be interposed between the step of epitaxially growing the first film and the step of restructuring the surface.
- the susceptor temperature may be increased by about 10 to 30 ° C.
- a mixed gas containing a source gas having a C / Si ratio of less than 1 and hydrogen gas is used.
- the C / Si ratio of the source gas may be lower than the C / Si ratio in the step of epitaxially growing the first film.
- the C / Si ratio may be 0.5 or more, 0.6 or more, or 0.7 or more.
- the C / Si ratio may be, for example, 0.95 or less, 0.9 or less, or 0.8 or less.
- a source gas different from the source gas in the step of epitaxially growing the first film and the step of epitaxially growing the second film described later may be used.
- Such an aspect is expected to increase the effect of shallowing the pit portion.
- silane gas and propane gas are used in the step of epitaxially growing the first film and a step of epitaxially growing the second film described later, and dichlorosilane and acetylene are used in the step of restructuring the surface is conceivable.
- the ratio of the raw material gas flow rate to the hydrogen gas flow rate may be reduced as compared with the step of epitaxially growing the first film and the step of epitaxially growing the second film described later. This is expected to increase the effect of shallowing the pit portion.
- the hydrogen gas flow rate in the mixed gas may be, for example, about 100 slm to 150 slm.
- the hydrogen gas flow rate may be about 120 slm, for example.
- the Si source gas flow rate in the mixed gas may be, for example, 1 sccm or more and 5 sccm or less.
- the lower limit of the Si source gas flow rate may be 2 sccm.
- the upper limit of the Si source gas flow rate may be 4 sccm.
- the C source gas flow rate in the mixed gas may be, for example, 0.3 sccm or more and 1.6 sccm or less.
- the lower limit of the C source gas flow rate may be 0.5 sccm or 0.7 sccm.
- the upper limit of the C source gas flow rate may be 1.4 sccm or 1.2 sccm.
- the etching with hydrogen gas and the epitaxial growth with the source gas are in an antagonistic state.
- the hydrogen gas flow rate and the raw material gas flow rate so that the film formation rate is about 0 ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m / h.
- the film formation rate may be adjusted to about 0 ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ m / h, may be adjusted to about 0 ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ m / h, or may be adjusted to about 0 ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ m / h. It may be adjusted to about 0 ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ m / h. This is expected to increase the effect of shallowing the pit portion.
- the processing time in the process of restructuring the surface is, for example, about 30 minutes to 10 hours.
- the treatment time may be 8 hours or less, 6 hours or less, 4 hours or less, or 2 hours or less.
- Step of epitaxially growing the second film After reconstructing the surface of the first film, a step of epitaxially growing the second film on the surface is performed.
- the second film 122 (see FIG. 1) is formed using a source gas having a C / Si ratio of 1 or more.
- the C / Si ratio is 1 or more, for example, it may be 1.05 or more, 1.1 or more, 1.2 or more, 1.3 or more, or 1.4 or more. Good. Further, the C / Si ratio may be 2.0 or less, 1.8 or less, or 1.6 or less.
- the source gas in the step of epitaxially growing the second film may be the same as or different from the source gas used in the step of epitaxially growing the first film.
- the source gas may be, for example, silane gas and propane gas.
- the silane gas flow rate and the propane gas flow rate may be appropriately adjusted in a range of about 10 to 100 sccm, for example, so that a desired C / Si ratio is obtained.
- the carrier gas flow rate may be about 50 slm to 200 slm, for example.
- the film formation rate in the step of epitaxially growing the second film may be, for example, about 5 ⁇ m / h or more and 100 ⁇ m / h or less.
- the thickness of the second film is, for example, not less than 1 ⁇ m and not more than 150 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the second film may be 5 ⁇ m or more, 10 ⁇ m or more, or 15 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness of the second film may be 100 ⁇ m or less, 75 ⁇ m or less, or 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the second film 122 may be the same as or different from the thickness of the first film 121.
- the second film 122 may be thinner than the first film 121.
- the ratio of the thickness of the second film 122 to the thickness of the first film 121 may be about 0.01 or more and 0.9 or less.
- the ratio of the same thickness indicates a value obtained by dividing the thickness of the second film by the thickness of the first film that has undergone the process of restructuring the surface.
- the ratio of the same thickness may be 0.8 or less, 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.4 or less, 0.3 Or less, 0.2 or less, or 0.1 or less. This is expected to increase the effect of shallowing the pit portion.
- silicon carbide film 120 including first film 121 and second film 122 is formed.
- the first film and the second film may be in one piece and cannot be distinguished.
- the epitaxial wafer 100 in which the groove 20 is formed on the surface of the silicon carbide film 120 can be manufactured by sequentially executing the steps (S10) to (S23).
- Sample 1 has a silicon carbide film formed by the manufacturing method of the present disclosure.
- Sample 2 has a silicon carbide film formed by a manufacturing method in which the step (S22) of reconfiguring the surface of the first film is omitted from the manufacturing method of the present disclosure.
- the silicon carbide film has a thickness of 15 ⁇ m.
- the AFM for example, “Dimension 300” manufactured by Veeco can be used.
- the AFM cantilever for example, model “NCHV-10V” manufactured by Bruker can be used.
- the measurement mode is a tapping mode, the measurement area in the tapping mode is 20 ⁇ m square, and the measurement depth is 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the sampling in the tapping mode is performed by setting the scanning speed in the measurement region to 5 seconds per cycle, the number of data per scanning line to 512 points, and the number of scanning lines to 512.
- the displacement control of the cantilever is set to 15.50 nm.
- Sample 1 extends in the step flow growth direction (that is, “one direction”) along the first main surface 101 and has a second width 82 that is a width in the step flow growth direction. Grooves 20 that are more than twice the third width 83, which is the width in the direction perpendicular to the flow growth direction, were detected.
- the groove part 20 in the sample 1 includes a first groove part 21 and a second groove part 22 connected to the first groove part 21, and the first groove part 21 is one of the groove parts 20 in the step flow growth direction.
- the second groove portion 22 is formed at the end portion, extends from the first groove portion 21 along the step flow growth direction, reaches the other end portion on the side opposite to the one end portion, and the first main surface 101.
- the first depth 71 that is the depth from the first depth 71 is smaller than the second depth 72 that is the maximum depth of the first groove portion.
- the second width 82 and the third width 83 are substantially the same, and a large number of grooves, that is, the pit portions 30, in which the second depth 72, which is the maximum depth, exceeds 10 nm, are detected.
- Table 1 the maximum depth of the groove portion in the sample 2 is shown in the column of the maximum depth of the first groove portion for convenience.
Abstract
Description
最初に本開示の実施態様を列記して説明する。
次に本開示の一実施形態(以下「本実施形態」とも記す)の具体例を、図面を参照しつつ説明する。なお以下の図面において、同一または相当する部分には同一の参照番号を付し、その説明は繰り返さない。また本明細書中においては、個別方位を[]、集合方位を<>、個別面を()、集合面を{}でそれぞれ示す。また負の指数については、結晶学上、”-”(バー)を数字の上に付けることになっているが、本明細書中では、数字の前に負の符号を付けている。
まず、本実施形態に係るエピタキシャルウエハの構成について、図1~図3を参照しつつ説明する。図1は、本実施形態に係るエピタキシャルウエハの断面構造を部分的に示している。図2および図3は、本実施形態に係るエピタキシャルウエハの平面構造を部分的に示している。図1は、図2および図3中に示した線分I-Iに沿った断面構造を示している。
次に本実施形態に係るエピタキシャルウエハの製造方法について説明する。図4に示すように、当該製造方法は、炭化珪素基板を準備する工程(S10)と、炭化珪素膜をエピタキシャル成長させる工程(S20)と、を備える。
次に第1の膜をエピタキシャル成長させる工程が実行される。この工程では、C/Si比が1未満の原料ガスを用いて、炭化珪素基板110の第2の主面102上に第1の膜121(図1を参照)をエピタキシャル成長させる。先ず、チャネル2内をガス置換した後、キャリアガスを流しながら、チャネル2内を所定の圧力、たとえば60mbar~100mbar(6kPa~10kPa)に調整する。キャリアガスは、たとえば水素(H2)ガス、アルゴン(Ar)ガス、ヘリウム(He)ガス等でよい。キャリアガス流量は、たとえば50slm~200slm程度でよい。ここで流量の単位「slm(Standard Liter per Minute)」は、標準状態(0℃、101.3kPa)における「L/min」を示している。
次いで、第1の膜の表面を再構成する工程が実行される。表面を再構成する工程は、第1の膜をエピタキシャル成長させる工程と連続して実行されてもよい。あるいは、第1の膜をエピタキシャル成長させる工程と、表面を再構成する工程との間に、所定の休止時間を挟んでもよい。表面を再構成する工程では、サセプタ温度を10~30℃程度上昇させてもよい。
第1の膜の表面を再構成した後、該表面に第2の膜をエピタキシャル成長させる工程が実行される。第2の膜122(図1を参照)は、C/Si比が1以上の原料ガスを用いて形成される。C/Si比は、1以上である限り、たとえば1.05以上でもよいし、1.1以上でもよいし、1.2以上でもよいし、1.3以上でもよいし、1.4以上でもよい。またC/Si比は、2.0以下でもよいし、1.8以下でもよいし、1.6以下でもよい。
1.サンプル作製
直径が150mmの炭化珪素基板110を準備した。炭化珪素基板110において第2の主面102は、オフ方向が<11-20>方向であり、(0001)面に対して4°のオフ角を有する。
各サンプルにおいて、第1の主面101に形成された溝部の形状を欠陥検査装置およびAFMを用いて評価した。結果を表1に示す。ここでは欠陥の位置検査装置にレーザーテック株式会社製のWASAVIシリーズ「SICA 6X」(対物レンズ:×10)を用いた。
サンプル1および2を、酸素を含む雰囲気中で加熱することにより、炭化珪素膜120の第1の主面101に酸化膜を形成した。さらに透過型電子顕微鏡によって酸化膜を観察し、酸化膜の膜厚のばらつきを測定した。結果を表2に示す。
Claims (3)
- 第1の主面を有する炭化珪素膜を備え、
前記第1の主面には、前記第1の主面に沿って一方向に延びるとともに、前記一方向における幅が前記一方向に垂直な方向における幅の2倍以上であり、かつ、前記第1の主面からの最大深さが10nm以下である溝部が形成されている、エピタキシャルウエハ。 - 前記溝部は、第1の溝部と、前記第1の溝部に接続された第2の溝部とを含み、
前記第1の溝部は、前記一方向において前記溝部の一方の端部に形成され、
前記第2の溝部は、前記第1の溝部から前記一方向に沿って延びて前記一方の端部と反対側の他方の端部に至り、かつ、前記第1の主面からの深さが前記第1の溝部の最大深さよりも小さい、請求項1に記載のエピタキシャルウエハ。 - 第2の主面を有する炭化珪素基板を準備する工程と、
前記第2の主面上に、炭化珪素膜をエピタキシャル成長させる工程と、を備え、
前記炭化珪素膜をエピタキシャル成長させる工程は、
前記第2の主面上に、C/Si比が1未満の原料ガスを用いて、第1の膜をエピタキシャル成長させる工程と、
C/Si比が1未満の原料ガスと、水素ガスとを含む混合ガスを用いて、前記第1の膜の表面を再構成する工程と、
再構成された前記第1の膜の前記表面に、C/Si比が1以上の原料ガスを用いて、第2の膜をエピタキシャル成長させる工程と、を含む、エピタキシャルウエハの製造方法。
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