WO2013157600A1 - 鋼箔及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
鋼箔及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013157600A1 WO2013157600A1 PCT/JP2013/061478 JP2013061478W WO2013157600A1 WO 2013157600 A1 WO2013157600 A1 WO 2013157600A1 JP 2013061478 W JP2013061478 W JP 2013061478W WO 2013157600 A1 WO2013157600 A1 WO 2013157600A1
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- steel foil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
- B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0473—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0478—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing involving a particular surface treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/261—After-treatment in a gas atmosphere, e.g. inert or reducing atmosphere
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
- C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
- H01M4/662—Alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
- B21B2001/383—Cladded or coated products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
- C21D2201/05—Grain orientation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2251/00—Treating composite or clad material
- C21D2251/02—Clad material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12431—Foil or filament smaller than 6 mils
- Y10T428/12438—Composite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plated steel foil that can be used for a negative electrode current collector foil of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery represented by a lithium ion secondary battery.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries represented by lithium ion secondary batteries have high energy density, and are therefore used as power sources for mobile communications or portable information terminals.
- the market is growing rapidly. Accordingly, in order to further pursue the reduction in size and weight of the device, there is a demand for performance improvement for further reduction in size and weight of the battery that occupies a large volume in the device.
- the negative electrode active material (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an active material) used in the secondary battery is mainly a graphite-based carbonaceous material.
- Graphite-based carbonaceous material is a key material that affects battery performance.
- the amount of lithium that can be reversibly inserted into and desorbed from the graphite-based carbonaceous material is limited to one lithium atom per six carbon atoms.
- the theoretical limit capacity of charging / discharging of the carbon material calculated from this limit value is 372 mAh / g in terms of electric capacity. Since the current secondary battery is used at a level close to this limit capacity, a dramatic improvement in performance cannot be expected in the future.
- materials other than carbon such as alloys or inorganic compounds, and materials having an electric capacity greatly exceeding 372 mAh / g are being searched for.
- a crystalline oxide material or an amorphous oxide material containing tin and / or silicon has been found to have a material exhibiting a discharge capacity close to 1000 mAh / g (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). ).
- the above-described high-capacity active material has a large volume fluctuation due to insertion and extraction of lithium compared to conventional graphite-based carbonaceous material. Thereby, pulverization of the active material, separation of the active material from the current collector, or the like occurs with repeated charging and discharging.
- the active materials disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 have a problem that good charge / discharge cycle characteristics cannot be obtained.
- an electrode for a lithium secondary battery formed by depositing an amorphous silicon thin film or a microcrystalline silicon thin film as an active material on a current collector such as a copper foil by a CVD method or a sputtering method, It has been found that it exhibits good charge / discharge cycle characteristics (see Patent Document 3). This is because the active material thin film is in close contact with the current collector.
- a conductive intermediate layer containing polyimide is disposed as a binder in a layer containing a silicon-based active material or between a layer containing a silicon-based active material and a metal foil current collector, and then the metal foil current collector
- a current collector manufacturing method has been found in which a conductive intermediate layer is disposed in a non-oxidizing atmosphere with the conductive intermediate layer disposed thereon (see Patent Document 4).
- the conductive intermediate layer suppresses the mixture layer from peeling from the current collector due to the expansion and contraction of the negative electrode active material associated with the charge / discharge reaction, and thus the adhesion between the mixture layer and the current collector. Increase sex.
- a higher-strength current collector that can withstand the stress generated by the volume expansion of the active material is required.
- One way to increase the strength of the current collector is to increase the thickness of the current collector.
- simply increasing the thickness of the current collector cannot be expected to greatly increase the strength of the current collector, but also reduce the energy density per unit weight of the battery due to the increase in the weight and volume of the battery. The demerit that it ends up occurs.
- Typical copper foils for the negative electrode current collector include those produced by rolling and those produced by an electrolytic method (electrolytic copper foil).
- electrolytic copper foil there is a limit to increasing the strength of the current collector using copper foil with electrolytic copper foil. Therefore, production of high-strength copper foil by a rolling method has been studied, and it has been proposed to use this rolled copper alloy foil as a negative electrode current collector (see Patent Document 5).
- the potential of the negative electrode when the lithium ion battery is operating normally is less than 2 V (relative to Li) and very low.
- the potential may be greater than 3V (vs. Li). At such a high potential, there is a problem that copper dissolves rapidly and causes deterioration of battery characteristics.
- iron Since iron has a higher electrical resistance than copper, it tends to be questionable about its properties as a current collector. However, with recent improvements in battery structure and diversification of battery applications and required characteristics, electrical resistance has not necessarily become a problem.
- Patent Document 6 proposes to use an electrolytic iron foil having a thickness of 35 microns or less as a current collector for a negative electrode. From the viewpoint of rust prevention, it has also been proposed to use electrolytic iron foil plated with Ni.
- Ni plating on the electrolytic foil is a factor that increases the cost. Furthermore, unless the Ni plating is formed thick (1 ⁇ m or more), Fe elution during overdischarge is inevitable.
- Patent Document 7 proposes to use, as a negative electrode current collector, a metal foil obtained by forming iron sesquioxide on the surface of an iron foil or a nickel-plated iron foil.
- a metal foil obtained by forming iron sesquioxide on the surface of an iron foil or a nickel-plated iron foil.
- Fe elution during overdischarge is unavoidable, and side reactions at the negative electrode potential easily occur. As a result, the efficiency or life of the battery tends to be hindered.
- Patent Document 8 it is proposed to use a steel foil coated with aluminum or an aluminum-based alloy as a negative electrode current collector, and a method of obtaining a negative electrode current collector by foil rolling a hot-dip aluminum-plated steel sheet is recommended. Yes.
- the operating potential of the negative electrode is limited to 0.5 V (relative to Li) or more, the current carbon-based negative electrode active material cannot be used, and high-capacity negative electrode active materials such as Si and Sn are also used. There is a problem that you can not.
- a hot-dip aluminized steel sheet is rolled to a foil of about 30 ⁇ m or less, it is difficult to prevent cracking or peeling of the plating. The cracking or peeling of the plating reduces the rust prevention property of the negative electrode current collector or the metal elution resistance during overdischarge.
- Patent Document 10 proposes a current collector of ferritic stainless steel foil.
- ferritic stainless steel foil is not economical as compared with copper foil, and adhesion with an active material is not always sufficient.
- the present invention uses a thin, strong, lightweight and economical steel foil, and has a high resistance for a negative electrode current collector that is excellent in rust prevention, metal elution resistance during overdischarge, and stability at negative electrode potential.
- the purpose is to provide strength steel foil.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- the steel foil which concerns on 1 aspect of this invention is equipped with rolled steel foil and Ni which consists of a texture which becomes ⁇ 111> // RD adhering to the surface layer of the said rolled steel foil.
- the steel foil according to (1) may have a ⁇ 111> pole density in the reverse pole figure in the rolling direction in the Ni of 3.0 or more and 6.0 or less.
- the Ni may have a subgrain boundary which is a grain boundary of two crystals having a relative orientation difference of 2 ° or more and 5 ° or less.
- the steel foil according to (3) is a grain boundary of two crystals having a sub-boundary length L5 which is the length of the sub-boundary and a relative orientation difference of 15 ° or more in the Ni texture.
- the average value of the ratio L5 / L15 to the grain boundary length L15, which is the length of the large-angle grain boundary, may be 0.5 or more and 5.0 or less.
- the adhesion amount of Ni may be 0.3 g / m 2 or more and 5 g / m 2 or less.
- the rolled steel foil may have a tensile strength of 600 MPa to 1200 MPa.
- the method for manufacturing a steel foil according to any one of (1) to (6) includes: a Ni plating step for performing Ni plating on a steel sheet; and the Ni plating after the Ni plating step.
- a recrystallization annealing step in which the steel plate is annealed to cause recrystallization, and a cold rolling with a cumulative rolling rate of 70% or more and 98% or less is applied to the steel plate on which the Ni plating has been applied after the recrystallization annealing step.
- the steel plate in the Ni plating step, may be subjected to the Ni plating with an adhesion amount of 1 g / m 2 or more and 40 g / m 2 or less.
- the method for producing a steel foil according to (7) or (8) may further include a re-annealing step in which the steel foil is re-annealed at a temperature of 600 ° C. or less after the cold rolling step. Good.
- Ni texture (reverse pole figure) of this invention measured by the EBSD method, and is a reverse pole figure of ND, ie, a plate surface normal direction, specifically. It is a figure which shows an example of Ni texture (reverse pole figure) of this invention measured by the EBSD method, and is specifically RD, ie, a reverse pole figure of a rolling direction. It is a figure which shows an example of Ni texture (reverse pole figure) of this invention measured by the EBSD method, and is a reverse pole figure of the direction orthogonal to TD, ie, a rolling direction, specifically.
- the steel foil according to the present embodiment is characterized in that a rolled steel foil is used as a base material and Ni having a specific texture is formed on the surface layer thereof.
- the fact that the base material is a rolled steel foil is advantageous in terms of cost and strength over the electrolytic foil, and, as will be described later, rolling is also useful for controlling the Ni texture. Because.
- the steel foil according to the present embodiment has Ni having a texture that becomes ⁇ 111> // RD on the surface thereof.
- ⁇ 111> // RD means that the ⁇ 111> orientation of Ni in the FCC (face centered cubic lattice) structure is parallel to the rolling direction.
- Ni has an FCC structure, and the surface where the atoms are most dense is the ⁇ 111 ⁇ surface. Therefore, by setting the Ni texture to ⁇ 111> // RD, a dense Ni layer is formed.
- this ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane is called a “slip plane”. Since the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane can be preferentially oriented by plastic working such as cold rolling, it is possible to control the texture described above by using a rolling process. .
- an EBSD (Electron Backscatter Diffraction) method can be used. Specifically, in the SEM (scanning electron microscope), the crystal orientation at the generation point of the diffraction pattern is continuously measured using an EBSD pattern obtained from the sample surface that is largely inclined (70 °).
- the feature of the ESBD pattern is that the depth of information is very shallow, and the depth is only a few tens of nanometers depending on conditions. Therefore, by performing EBSD measurement from the plate surface direction, it is possible to specify the crystal orientation of only Ni on the surface layer. Furthermore, an inverse pole figure can be calculated
- FIG. 1A to FIG. 1C show an example of the Ni texture (reverse pole figure) of this embodiment by the EBSD method.
- 1A to 1C show a state in which there is no statistical deviation in crystal orientation in each of ND (normal direction of the plate surface), RD (rolling direction), and TD (direction perpendicular to the rolling direction), so-called random. It is the figure which displayed the texture by the contour line by making the pole density of a state into 1.
- 1A shows a reverse pole figure of ND
- FIG. 1B shows a reverse pole figure of RD
- FIG. 1C shows a reverse pole figure of TD.
- the integration degree of the ⁇ 111> and ⁇ 001> orientations of the RD of the target sample is high.
- the RD ⁇ 111> orientation pole density is 3.09 to 3.873 scale
- the RD ⁇ 001> orientation pole density is From the scale of 2.466 to 3.09
- the target sample is characterized by the accumulation of ⁇ 111> orientations of the RD.
- accumulation is observed from the side connecting ⁇ 101> to ⁇ 001> and ⁇ 111> (that is, from ⁇ 101> to ⁇ 112>), and for TD, accumulation of ⁇ 101> orientation is observed.
- the pole density is less than 2. Therefore, it cannot be said that a characteristic texture is formed in ND and TD.
- the pole density in the ⁇ 111> orientation of RD is 3.0 or more.
- the pole density in the ⁇ 111> orientation is defined as the value of the maximum pole density in a range within 5 ° from ⁇ 111>.
- the maximum value of the pole density in the ⁇ 111> orientation of RD is not particularly limited, but it is usually difficult to obtain about 6 or more. Therefore, the practical upper limit of the pole density in the ⁇ 111> orientation of RD is 6.0.
- Ni in the present embodiment has sub-grain boundaries in addition to normal grain boundaries.
- the boundary between two crystal grains having a relative misorientation (angle difference) of 15 ° or more is regarded as a grain boundary, but the subgrain boundary is two crystals whose relative misorientation (angular difference) is less than 15 °. Shows grain boundaries and is introduced by Ni plastic working.
- the sub-grain boundary has an angle difference of 5 ° or less
- rust prevention, metal elution resistance during overdischarge, and stability at the negative electrode potential are further improved.
- Identification of the state of the sub-boundary that is, identification of the sub-boundary having an angle difference of 5 ° or less and the grain boundary having an angle difference of 15 ° or more is also possible by the EBSD method.
- FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B show an example of the Ni grain boundary of the present embodiment by the EBSD method (the vertical direction on the paper is RD, the horizontal direction is TD, the visual field is RD is 120 ⁇ m, and TD is 100 ⁇ m).
- 2A shows a large-angle grain boundary recognized as a grain boundary with an angle difference of 15 ° or more
- FIG. 2B shows a sub-grain boundary with an angle difference of 2 ° or more and 5 ° or less.
- L5 / L15 is preferably 0.5 or more from the viewpoint of negative electrode stability.
- the upper limit of L5 / L15 is not particularly limited, but it is usually difficult to obtain about 5 or more. Therefore, 5.0 is a substantial upper limit of L5 / L15.
- Ni of the surface layer of the steel foil which concerns on this embodiment should just have a FCC structure, for example, may dissolve Fe etc. in solid solution. Even with Ni in which Fe or the like is dissolved, it is possible to specify the extreme density and the grain boundaries and sub-grain boundaries by the above-described method and definition.
- the Ni adhesion amount on the surface layer of the steel foil according to this embodiment is preferably 0.3 g / m 2 or more.
- the Ni adhesion amount is less than 0.3 g / m 2 , the above characteristics cannot be obtained sufficiently, and it is difficult to specify the texture by the EBSD method.
- the upper limit of the Ni adhesion amount is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 g / m 2 or less in consideration of cost.
- a feature of the present invention is that a significant effect can be obtained even with such a small amount of Ni.
- the improvement effect of the prior art is smaller than the improvement effect of the present invention. In the prior art, only a slight improvement effect can be obtained with an increase in the amount of deposited Ni, and even if it is increased to about 90 g / m 2, a remarkable improvement effect equivalent to the present invention cannot be obtained.
- the tensile strength of the steel foil of this embodiment is preferably 600 to 1200 MPa.
- the tensile strength indicates a value at room temperature.
- the steel foil may be deformed or the active material formed on the steel foil may be peeled off due to expansion / contraction of the active material accompanying charge / discharge. This tendency is remarkable in the high-capacity negative electrode active material.
- the tensile strength of the steel foil exceeds 1200 MPa, it becomes difficult to handle the steel foil.
- the steel foil of the present embodiment has a certain degree of elongation, the effect of the present embodiment is not impaired even if it is not present (even if the measurement is impossible).
- a current collector foil when a current collector foil is coated with an active material to produce an electrode, heat treatment at a maximum of about 400 ° C. may be performed.
- the steel foil of this embodiment also has good heat resistance, and even when subjected to a heat treatment of about 400 ° C., the tensile strength is reduced by only about 10% at maximum. Also, there is no significant change in the Ni texture.
- the foil has a thickness of 100 ⁇ m or less, but the thickness of the steel foil of the present embodiment is more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less. This is because the current collector foil is desired to be thin when the battery is reduced in size and weight.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but usually 5 ⁇ m or more is desirable in view of cost or thickness uniformity.
- the surface roughness of the steel foil of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but Ra is preferably about 0.005 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- Ra indicates a roughness parameter defined in JIS B 0601.
- the steel foil having a specific Ni in the surface layer according to the present embodiment can secure the adhesion between the steel foil and the active material even if the roughness is small, so that it is possible to widen the constraint on the roughness. It is.
- the manufacturing method of the steel plate according to the present embodiment includes a Ni plating step of performing Ni plating on the steel plate, a recrystallization annealing step of performing Ni recrystallization annealing after the Ni plating step, and then a steel plate. And a cold rolling step of forming a foil by cold rolling. By passing through such a process, the foil which has Ni which has the specific texture of this embodiment as a surface layer can be manufactured. In addition, after the cold rolling step, the re-annealing step can be performed again to adjust the foil strength (tensile strength of the steel foil).
- the steel plate used for manufacturing the steel foil according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and any of a hot rolled steel plate, a cold rolled steel plate, and a cold rolled annealed steel plate can be used.
- a hot-rolled steel plate into a foil having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m or less by cold rolling, which will be described later, and even if possible, it is inefficient and uneconomical. Therefore, it is preferable to use a cold-rolled steel sheet or a cold-rolled annealed steel sheet for manufacturing the steel foil according to the present embodiment.
- the component composition of the steel plate is not particularly limited. It is not an indispensable requirement to add a large amount of a specific element to a steel sheet for increasing the strength or improving the corrosion resistance. Although so-called high-strength steel can be applied, it is preferable to use a steel plate having a general component composition from the viewpoint of securing the rollability described later.
- An example of the component composition is as follows. In addition,% is the mass%.
- C (C: 0.0001 to 0.1%) C is an element that increases the strength of the steel, but if it is excessively contained, the strength increases excessively and the rollability decreases.
- the steel foil of the present embodiment is strengthened by work hardening with a large cumulative rolling rate. Therefore, considering the ease of rolling, the original steel material is preferably soft. Therefore, the upper limit of the C content is preferably 0.1%. Although it is not necessary to specify the lower limit of the C content, the lower limit of the C content is preferably set to 0.0001% in consideration of refining costs. The C content is more preferably 0.001% to 0.01%.
- Si (Si: 0.001 to 0.5%) Si is an element that increases the strength of the steel. However, if excessively contained, the strength of the steel increases excessively, and the rollability of the steel decreases. Therefore, the upper limit of the Si content is preferably 0.5%.
- the lower limit of the Si content is not particularly defined, but considering the scouring cost, the lower limit of the Si content is preferably 0.001%. In order to ensure higher rollability, the Si content is more preferably 0.001 to 0.02%.
- Mn 0.01 to 1%) Mn is an element that increases the strength of the steel. However, if excessively contained, the strength of the steel increases excessively and the rollability decreases. Therefore, the upper limit of the Mn content is preferably 1%. Although it is not necessary to specify the lower limit of the Mn content, it is preferable to set the lower limit of the Mn content to 0.01% in consideration of scouring costs. In order to ensure higher rollability, the Mn content is more preferably 0.01 to 0.5%.
- P is an element that increases the strength of the steel, but if it is excessively contained, the strength of the steel increases excessively and the rollability decreases. Therefore, the upper limit of the P content is preferably 0.05%. Although it is not necessary to specify the lower limit of the P content, it is preferable that the lower limit of the P content is 0.001% in consideration of the scouring cost. In order to ensure higher rollability, the P content is more preferably 0.001 to 0.02%.
- the upper limit of the S content is preferably 0.02%.
- the lower limit of the S content is 0.0001% in consideration of the scouring cost. In order to ensure higher rollability and to obtain superiority in terms of cost, the S content is more preferably 0.001 to 0.01%.
- Al 0.0005-0.2%
- Al is added as a deoxidizing element for steel.
- the upper limit of the Al content is preferably 0.2%.
- the Al content is more preferably 0.001 to 0.1%.
- N 0.0001-0.004%
- the upper limit of the N content be 0.004%.
- the lower limit of the N content is preferably set to 0.0001% in consideration of the refining cost. In order to obtain an advantage in terms of cost, the N content is more preferably 0.001 to 0.01%.
- Ti and / or Nb can also be added to the steel sheet.
- Ti and / or Nb can fix C and N in the steel as carbides and nitrides to improve the workability of the steel. In this case, it is preferable that Ti is 0.01 to 0.8% and Nb is 0.005 to 0.05%.
- the steel material for producing the steel foil according to the present embodiment may further contain B, Cu, Ni, Sn, Cr, and the like as additional components as long as the effects of the present embodiment are not impaired.
- Ni plating process In order to obtain the steel foil according to the present embodiment, Ni plating is applied to the steel plate, and the steel plate at this time may be a cold-rolled steel plate as it is cold-rolled or a cold-rolled steel plate after annealing. .
- the Ni plating method is not particularly limited, but the electroplating method is preferable in terms of cost.
- the plating bath used in the electroplating is not particularly limited, but a Watt bath made of Ni sulfate, Ni chloride, and boric acid is preferable from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost or adhesion amount controllability.
- a Watt bath containing Ni sulfate 200 to 400 g / l, Ni chloride 20 to 100 g / l, and boric acid 5 to 50 g / l can be used.
- the Ni plating applied to the steel sheet may be alloy plating as long as it is a plating that is recrystallized and softened by an annealing process described later.
- the Ni plating may be Ni—Fe alloy plating or Ni—Co alloy plating.
- alloy plating in which a compound precipitates and hardens during annealing treatment, for example, Ni—P alloy plating cannot be applied.
- the amount of Ni plating applied to the steel sheet in the Ni plating step is desirably 1 g / m 2 or more. If it is less than 1 g / m 2 , the coating rate may be reduced by subsequent cold rolling, and rust prevention, metal elution resistance, and stability at the negative electrode potential may be reduced. Moreover, the amount of adhesion of Ni in the steel foil may be less than 0.3 g / m 2 due to subsequent cold rolling. Although an upper limit is restrict
- the adhesion amount of Ni plating before cold rolling is more preferably 10 to 30 g / m 2 . However, even if the adhesion amount of Ni plating before cold rolling exceeds 40 g / m 2 , a desirable steel foil can be obtained in terms of metal structure and characteristics.
- recrystallization annealing After performing Ni plating in the Ni plating step, recrystallization annealing is performed in the recrystallization annealing step.
- recrystallization means (1) when the original plate before Ni plating is an unannealed plate, it means recrystallization of both the steel plate and Ni plating, and (2) the original plate before Ni plating is an annealed plate. If there is, it means recrystallization of Ni plating. Comparing the recrystallization temperature of Ni plating and steel plate, the recrystallization temperature of Ni plating is usually lower. This is because the strain introduced into the Ni plating in the Ni plating step becomes the driving force for recrystallization.
- Ni plating has a Vickers hardness of about 250 to 300 in a state as produced by electroplating, but when recrystallization occurs due to annealing, the Vickers hardness decreases to 200 or less.
- Appropriate annealing conditions are determined by the product of temperature and time. That is, annealing at a high temperature requires a relatively short time, and at a low temperature, a relatively long time is required. Specific annealing methods include box annealing and continuous annealing.
- Box-type annealing cannot be performed in a short time due to equipment characteristics. Therefore, in the case of box-type annealing, it is usual to perform a long time treatment for several hours to several days.
- the plate temperature during box-type annealing is low, and specifically, it is often set to 500 to 700 ° C.
- continuous annealing is preferably performed in a short time. Therefore, in the case of continuous annealing, a short time treatment of several seconds to several minutes is often performed.
- the plate temperature is increased, and specifically, it is often set to 700 to 900 ° C.
- the average value of L5 / L15 may be less than 0.5.
- the Ni-plated steel sheet subjected to recrystallization annealing is cold-rolled to produce a foil having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m or less, preferably 20 ⁇ m or less.
- a high-strength steel foil having a texture that is ⁇ 111> // RD and Ni having an average value of L5 / L15 of 0.5 or more on the surface layer.
- the cumulative rolling rate of cold rolling is 70% or more, preferably 90% or more.
- the cumulative rolling rate is a percentage of the cumulative reduction amount (the difference between the inlet plate thickness before the first pass and the outlet plate thickness after the final pass) with respect to the inlet plate thickness of the first rolling stand. If the cumulative rolling rate is small, a desired Ni texture cannot be obtained, and the foil strength may be less than 600 MPa. In addition, the average value of L5 / L15 may be less than 0.5.
- the upper limit of the cumulative rolling rate is not particularly limited, but about 98% is the limit in normal rolling capacity. Cold rolling is performed in one or more passes. Here, the surface roughness of the foil can be controlled by adjusting the roll roughness during cold rolling.
- the foil strength may be lower than the above-described preferable range (600 to 1200 MPa), but this does not impair rust prevention, metal elution, and negative electrode stability.
- the amount of Ni plating adhered and cold before cold rolling is important to control the cumulative rolling rate of rolling within a specific range.
- the adhesion amount of Ni plating before rolling is desirable to adjust the adhesion amount of Ni plating before rolling according to the cumulative rolling rate. Specifically, the higher the cumulative rolling rate, the smaller the amount of Ni-plated adhesion before rolling. If the Ni plating adhesion amount is the same, the higher the cumulative rolling rate, the lower the Ni adhesion amount of the surface layer after rolling the steel sheet into a foil shape, but a more favorable texture is formed and the characteristics are good. Become. Therefore, if the amount of Ni plating is reduced when the cumulative rolling rate is high, a foil with good performance can be obtained at low cost.
- the present inventors have desirable relationship between the cumulative rolling rate of cold rolling (unit%, hereinafter “X”) and the amount of Ni plating deposited before cold rolling (unit g / m 2 , hereinafter “Y”). It was experimentally confirmed that can be expressed by the following formula (1). It is preferable to satisfy this relational expression. When this relational expression is satisfied, the overdischarge solubility and / or the negative electrode stability is improved.
- the conditions of the examples are one example of conditions adopted for confirming the feasibility and effects of the present invention, and the present invention is limited to this one example of conditions. Is not to be done.
- the present invention can adopt various conditions as long as the object of the present invention is achieved without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- Ni-plating was performed on the cold-rolled steel sheet (unannealed material) having the component composition shown in Table 1 by electroplating after degreasing and pickling.
- Example 28 The foil material of Example 27 was again subjected to heat treatment at a holding temperature of 600 ° C. and a holding time of 30 sec in a 5% H 2 (remainder N 2 ) atmosphere.
- Example 29 A cold-rolled steel sheet having the component composition Al-k shown in Table 1 was subjected to continuous annealing at a holding temperature of 750 ° C. and a holding time of 60 sec in a 5% H 2 (remainder N 2 ) atmosphere, and then Ni plating, heat treatment, and Cold rolling was performed to produce a foil.
- the conditions for Ni plating are the same as the previous plating conditions.
- the heat treatment after plating was performed in a 5% H 2 (remainder N 2 ) atmosphere at a holding temperature of 600 ° C. and a holding time of 60 sec.
- Comparative Example 30 A cold-rolled steel sheet (unannealed material) having the component composition Al-k shown in Table 1 was used, and a continuous annealing process was performed at a predetermined temperature and time in an atmosphere of 5% H 2 (remaining N 2 ). Then, it cold-rolled with the predetermined
- Ni plating was performed using a 20 ⁇ m foil of the component composition Al-k shown in Table 1. That is, neither recrystallization annealing nor cold rolling was performed on the Ni plating of Comparative Example 34.
- the conditions for Ni plating are the same as the previous plating conditions.
- Ni adhesion amount quantified with a fluorescent X-ray analyzer.
- Foil strength JIS 13B tensile test specimens were collected in parallel with the rolling direction, and the tensile strength was determined by the test specified in JIS Z2241. The respective tensile strengths were obtained as they were, and after heating at 400 ° C. for 30 minutes. The tensile strength after heating was determined as a reference value because the steel foil may be heated in the battery manufacturing process. However, since the value of the tensile strength required for the steel foil after heating differs depending on the battery, the pass / fail judgment was not particularly performed regarding the tensile strength of the steel foil after heating.
- EBSD method The sample material was pretreated (acetone ultrasonic degreasing) and then set on a SEM / EBSD sample stage. Direction measurement was performed at intervals of 0.2 ⁇ m on a region of RD direction: 120 ⁇ m ⁇ TD direction: 100 ⁇ m.
- FE-SEM Hitachi SU-70
- the acceleration voltage was set to 25 kV.
- OSL system v5.31 manufactured by TSL Solutions was used as software for performing analysis by the EBSD method.
- the pole density in the random state was taken as 1, and the pole density in the ⁇ 111> orientation was determined.
- the pole density in the ⁇ 111> orientation is a value of the maximum pole density in a range within 5 ° from ⁇ 111>.
- subgrain boundary length (L5) which is the grain boundary of two crystal grains having an angle difference (relative orientation difference) of 2 ° to 5 °
- the grain boundary length (grain boundary length (L15)) which is the grain boundary between two crystal grains having an angle of 15 ° or more, was measured, and the ratio L5 / L15 was obtained.
- the specimen was kept in a humid environment (60 ° C., 95% RH) for 1 week and the appearance was observed. A sample with no change in appearance was evaluated as grade “A”, a sample with discoloration as grade “B”, and a sample with red rust as grade “C”.
- Overdischarge solubility A tripolar beaker cell was assembled and evaluated in a glove box in an argon atmosphere (dew point -60 ° C). A working electrode was obtained by tape-sealing the edge and back surface of each test material. The counter electrode and the reference electrode were metallic lithium. The electrolytic solution was prepared by dissolving 1M LiPF 6 in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate having a volume ratio of 1: 1.
- the tripolar beaker cell was held at 25 ° C., scanned in a noble direction at 5 mV / sec from the immersion potential, and measured for the potential at which a current of 0.01 mA / cm 2 flows. This potential was taken as the dissolution potential. .
- the dissolution potential was expressed as a Li reference potential (V).
- Negative electrode stability A tripolar beaker cell was assembled in the same manner as described above, maintained at 25 ° C., scanned from the immersion potential to 5 V / sec in the base direction to 0 V on the basis of Li, and then turned back to the noble direction at 0 V The cycle of scanning to the immersion potential was repeated 5 times.
- the first cycle was excluded because of the large variation due to the influence of the surface condition, etc., and the amount of electricity was obtained from the integration of the absolute value of the current flowing from the second time to the fifth time, and displayed in units of mC / cm 2 .
- Table 3 shows the results.
- the examples of the present invention exhibited good primary rust prevention properties. Moreover, also about the overdischarge solubility, the Example of this invention markedly exceeded the level of the copper foil of the comparative example, and obtained the favorable characteristic of 4V or more. Furthermore, also regarding negative electrode stability, the Example of this invention obtained the value of less than 10 mC / cm ⁇ 2 > of electric quantity which is the low reactivity (namely, negative electrode stability) equivalent to or more than the Cu foil of a comparative example.
- the foil strength was lower than 600 MPa because re-annealing was performed after foil rolling, but the primary rust prevention property, overdischarge solubility and negative electrode stability were good.
- the Ni plating amount before cold rolling exceeded 40 g / m 2 , but the characteristics were good.
- the comparative material is inferior in at least one characteristic among primary rust preventive property, overdischarge solubility, and negative electrode stability.
- an anode current collector that is thin, strong, lightweight, and economical can be obtained, so that the performance, safety, and economy of a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery can be improved. Is possible. Therefore, the present invention has extremely high industrial applicability.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2012年4月19日に、日本に出願された特願2012-095824号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
本実施形態に係る鋼箔の製造に用いる鋼板は、特に限定されず、熱延鋼板、冷延鋼板、及び冷延焼鈍鋼板のいずれも用いることができる。しかし、熱延鋼板を後述の冷間圧延で100μm以下の箔とすることは、圧延能力上、困難な場合が多く、可能であっても、非効率、非経済的となる。従って、本実施形態に係る鋼箔の製造には冷延鋼板、又は冷延焼鈍鋼板を用いるのがよい。
Si:0.001~0.5%、
Mn:0.01~1%、
P:0.001~0.05%、
S:0.0001~0.02%、
Al:0.0005~0.2%、
N:0.0001~0.004%、及び、
残部:Fe及び不可避的不純物。
Cは、鋼の強度を高める元素であるが、過剰に含有すると強度が上昇しすぎて、圧延性が低下する。本実施形態の鋼箔は、後に述べるように、大きな累積圧延率の加工硬化によって高強度化するので、圧延の容易さを考慮すると、元の鋼材は軟質であることが好ましい。従って、C含有量の上限を0.1%とするのがよい。C含有量の下限を特に規定する必要はないが、精錬コストを考慮して、C含有量の下限は0.0001%とすることが好ましい。なお、C含有量は、より好ましくは0.001%~0.01%である。
Siは、鋼の強度を高める元素であるが、過剰に含有させると鋼の強度が上昇しすぎて、鋼の圧延性が低下する。従って、Si含有量の上限を0.5%とすることが好ましい。Si含有量の下限は特に規定されないが、精練コストを考慮して、Si含有量の下限を0.001%とすることが好ましい。より高い圧延性を確保するためには、Si含有量は0.001~0.02%がより好ましい。
Mnは、鋼の強度を高める元素であるが、過剰に含有させると鋼の強度が上昇しすぎて、圧延性が低下する。従って、Mn含有量の上限を1%とすることが好ましい。Mn含有量の下限を特に規定する必要はないが、精練コストを考慮して、Mn含有量の下限を0.01%とすることが好ましい。より高い圧延性を確保するためには、Mn含有量は0.01~0.5%とすることがより好ましい。
Pは、鋼の強度を高める元素であるが、過剰に含有させると鋼の強度が上昇しすぎて、圧延性が低下する。従って、P含有量の上限を0.05%とすることが好ましい。P含有量の下限を特に規定する必要はないが、精練コストを考慮して、P含有量の下限を0.001%とすることが好ましい。より高い圧延性を確保するためには、P含有量は0.001~0.02%とすることがより好ましい。
Sは、鋼の熱間加工性及び耐食性を低下させる元素であるので、少ないほど好ましい。S含有量の上限を0.02%とすることが好ましい。S含有量の下限を特に規定する必要はないが、精練コストを考慮して、S含有量の下限を0.0001%とすることが好ましい。より高い圧延性を確保するため、また、コストの点で優位性を得るためには、S含有量を0.001~0.01%とすることがより好ましい。
Alは、鋼の脱酸元素として添加される。脱酸による効果を得るためには、Alを0.0005%以上含有させることが好ましい。しかしながら、Alを過剰に含有させると鋼の圧延性が低下するので、Al含有量の上限を0.2%とすることが好ましい。より高い圧延性を確保するためには、Al含有量を0.001~0.1%とすることがより好ましい。
Nは、鋼の熱間加工性及び加工性を低下させる元素であるので、少ないほど好ましい。従って、N含有量の上限を0.004%とすることが好ましい。N含有量の下限を特に規定する必要はないが、精錬コストを考慮して、N含有量の下限を0.0001%とすることが好ましい。また、また、コストの点で優位性を得るためには、N含有量を0.001~0.01%とすることがより好ましい。
鋼板の残部は、Fe及び不可避的不純物であるが、Ti及び/又はNbを鋼板に添加することもできる。Ti及び/又はNbは、鋼中のC及びNを炭化物及び窒化物として固定して、鋼の加工性を向上させることができる。この場合、Tiを0.01~0.8%、Nbを0.005~0.05%とすることが好ましい。
本実施形態に係る鋼箔を得るために、前記鋼板にNiめっきを施すが、この際の鋼板は、冷延ままの冷延鋼板であっても、焼鈍後の冷延鋼板であってもよい。Niめっきの方法は、特に限定されないが、コストの点で、電気めっき法が好ましい。電気めっきで用いるめっき浴は、特に限定されないが、製造コスト又は付着量制御性の観点から、硫酸Ni、塩化Ni、ほう酸からなるWatt浴が好適である。Watt浴としては、例えば、硫酸Ni:200~400g/l、塩化Ni:20~100g/l、ほう酸:5~50g/lを含むWatt浴を用いることができる。
Niめっき工程にてNiめっきを施した後に、再結晶焼鈍工程にて再結晶焼鈍を行う。ここで、再結晶とは(1)Niめっき前の原板が未焼鈍板であった場合には、鋼板及びNiめっき双方の再結晶を意味し、(2)Niめっき前の原板が焼鈍板であった場合には、Niめっきの再結晶を意味する。Niめっき及び鋼板の再結晶温度を比較すると、通常、Niめっきの再結晶温度の方が低い。これは、Niめっき工程にてNiめっきに導入される歪が再結晶の駆動力となるからである。
再結晶焼鈍が行われなかった場合、続く冷間圧延工程にてNiめっきの剥離が生じやすくなり、また、<111>//RDなる特徴を有するNi集合組織を得ることができない。加えて、L5/L15の平均値が0.5を下回る場合がある。
再結晶焼鈍を施したNiめっき鋼板に冷間圧延を施し、厚さ100μm以下、好ましくは20μm以下の箔を製造する。この手順を踏むことにより、<111>//RDとなる集合組織を有し、L5/L15の平均値が0.5以上であるNiを表層に有する高強度鋼箔を得ることができる。
ここで、冷間圧延時のロール粗度を調整することによって、箔の表面粗度を制御することができる。
上記圧延の後に、再度、焼鈍を行って箔強度を調整することも可能である。ただし、焼鈍の温度が高すぎると、Niの集合組織が崩れる場合があり、また、箔の強度が低下する恐れがある。従って、再焼鈍の温度は600℃程度以下とする必要がある。なお、再焼鈍を行った場合、箔強度が上述した好ましい範囲(600~1200MPa)を下回る場合があるが、これにより防錆性、金属溶出性、及び負極安定性が損なわれることはない。
表1に示す成分組成の冷延鋼板(未焼鈍材)に対して、脱脂及び酸洗の後、電気めっき法により、Niめっきを行った。
実施例27の箔材に、再度、5%H2(残部N2)雰囲気で、保持温度600℃かつ保持時間30secの熱処理を施した。
表1に示す成分組成Al-kの冷延鋼板に、5%H2(残部N2)雰囲気で、保持温度750℃かつ保持時間60secの連続焼鈍を施し、次いで、Niめっき、加熱処理、及び冷間圧延を行って、箔を製造した。Niめっきの条件は、先のめっき条件と同じである。めっき後の加熱処理は、5%H2(残部N2)雰囲気で、保持温度600℃かつ保持時間60secで行った。
表1に示す成分組成Al-kの冷延鋼板(未焼鈍材)を使用し、5%H2(残部N2)雰囲気で、所定の温度及び時間で連続焼鈍処理を行った。その後、所定の累積圧延率で冷間圧延を行い、箔を製造した。
表1に示す成分組成Al-kの冷延鋼板(未焼鈍材)を使用し、先の例と同条件で、Niめっきを行い、その後、5%H2(残部N2)雰囲気で、所定の温度及び時間で連続焼鈍処理を行った。
表1に示す成分組成Al-kの冷延鋼板を、5%H2(残部N2)雰囲気で、保持温度750℃かつ保持時間60secの連続焼鈍処理を行い、次いで、Niめっきと冷間圧延とを行って、箔を製造した。めっき浴は、先の条件の浴に、光沢添加剤として、サッカリン:2g/lと、2ブチン1,4ジオール:0.2g/lとを添加したものを用いた。他のめっき条件は、先のめっき条件と同じである。
表1に示す成分組成Al-kの20μm箔を使用し、Niめっきを行った。即ち、比較例34のNiめっきには、再結晶焼鈍および冷間圧延のいずれも行われていない。Niめっきの条件は、先のめっき条件と同じである。
市販のCu箔(無酸素銅)を評価した。
表1に示す成分組成Al-kの冷延鋼板にNiめっきを行い、次いで、5%H2(残部N2)雰囲気で、保持温度500℃かつ保持時間60secの連続焼鈍処理を行い、この後に冷間圧延を行って、箔を製造した。めっき浴は及びめっき条件は、比較例33と同じである。
Ni付着量:蛍光X線分析装置により定量した。
2 再結晶焼鈍工程
3 冷間圧延工程
4 再焼鈍工程
Claims (11)
- 圧延鋼箔と、
前記圧延鋼箔の表層に付着した、<111>//RDとなる集合組織からなるNiと、
を備える鋼箔。 - 前記Niにおける、圧延方向の逆極点図の<111>極密度が3.0以上6.0以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鋼箔。
- 前記Niが、相対方位差2°以上5°以下の2つの結晶の粒界である亜粒界を持つことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鋼箔。
- 前記Niが、相対方位差2°以上5°以下の2つの結晶の粒界である亜粒界を持つことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の鋼箔。
- 前記Niの前記集合組織において、前記亜粒界の長さである亜粒界長L5と、相対方位差15°以上の2つの結晶の粒界である大角粒界の長さである粒界長L15との比L5/L15の平均値が0.5以上5.0以下であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の鋼箔。
- 前記Niの前記集合組織において、前記亜粒界の長さである亜粒界長L5と、相対方位差15°以上の2つの結晶の粒界である大角粒界の長さである粒界長L15との比L5/L15の平均値が0.5以上5.0以下であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の鋼箔。
- 前記Niの付着量が0.3g/m2以上5g/m2以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鋼箔。
- 前記圧延鋼箔の常温での引張強度が600MPa以上1200MPa以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鋼箔。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の鋼箔の製造方法であって、
鋼板にNiめっきを施すNiめっき工程と、
前記Niめっき工程の後に、前記Niめっきが施された前記鋼板を焼鈍して再結晶を生じさせる再結晶焼鈍工程と、
前記再結晶焼鈍工程の後に、前記Niめっきが施された前記鋼板に、70%以上98%以下の累積圧延率の冷間圧延を施して、厚さ100μm以下の鋼箔とする冷間圧延工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする鋼箔の製造方法。 - 前記Niめっき工程において、前記鋼板に、付着量が1g/m2以上40g/m2以下の前記Niめっきを施すことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の鋼箔の製造方法。
- 前記冷間圧延工程の後に、前記鋼箔に、600℃以下の温度にて再焼鈍を行う再焼鈍工程
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の鋼箔の製造方法。
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WO2023210821A1 (ja) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-11-02 | 東洋鋼鈑株式会社 | 表面処理鋼箔及びその製造方法 |
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KR20160122280A (ko) | 2016-10-21 |
US20140287259A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
EP2770079A4 (en) | 2015-09-30 |
JP6140611B2 (ja) | 2017-05-31 |
KR101989219B1 (ko) | 2019-06-13 |
US10201953B2 (en) | 2019-02-12 |
KR20140108214A (ko) | 2014-09-05 |
JPWO2013157600A1 (ja) | 2015-12-21 |
CN103917684B (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
EP2770079A1 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
CN103917684A (zh) | 2014-07-09 |
EP2770079B1 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
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