WO2013136898A1 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013136898A1 WO2013136898A1 PCT/JP2013/053438 JP2013053438W WO2013136898A1 WO 2013136898 A1 WO2013136898 A1 WO 2013136898A1 JP 2013053438 W JP2013053438 W JP 2013053438W WO 2013136898 A1 WO2013136898 A1 WO 2013136898A1
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- H01L29/739—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals controlled by field-effect, e.g. bipolar static induction transistors [BSIT]
- H01L29/7393—Insulated gate bipolar mode transistors, i.e. IGBT; IGT; COMFET
- H01L29/7395—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT
- H01L29/7396—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT with a non planar surface, e.g. with a non planar gate or with a trench or recess or pillar in the surface of the emitter, base or collector region for improving current density or short circuiting the emitter and base regions
- H01L29/7397—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT with a non planar surface, e.g. with a non planar gate or with a trench or recess or pillar in the surface of the emitter, base or collector region for improving current density or short circuiting the emitter and base regions and a gate structure lying on a slanted or vertical surface or formed in a groove, e.g. trench gate IGBT
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- H01L29/0615—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions characterised by particular constructional design considerations, e.g. for preventing surface leakage, for controlling electric field concentration or for internal isolations regions for preventing surface leakage or controlling electric field concentration for increasing or controlling the breakdown voltage of reverse biased devices by the doping profile or the shape or the arrangement of the PN junction, or with supplementary regions, e.g. junction termination extension [JTE]
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reverse blocking semiconductor device and a semiconductor device including a bidirectional semiconductor device, and more particularly to a trench gate type semiconductor device.
- a matrix converter is known as a direct conversion circuit that can be configured without using a circuit. Since this matrix converter is used under an alternating voltage, a plurality of switching devices constituting the matrix converter require bidirectional switching devices having bidirectionality capable of current control in the forward direction and the reverse direction. Conventionally, as this bidirectional switching device, both devices capable of bidirectionally controlling current by making two sets of reverse breakdown diodes connected in series to a normal insulated gate bipolar transistor (hereinafter referred to as IGBT) in reverse parallel connection. The direction switching device is used.
- IGBT normal insulated gate bipolar transistor
- bidirectional switching device configured with reverse blocking IGBT (RB-IGBT). Yes.
- RB-IGBT reverse blocking IGBT
- a bidirectional IGBT is a bidirectional switching device in which these two reverse blocking IGBTs are connected in reverse parallel to each other.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a conventional reverse blocking IGBT.
- This reverse blocking IGBT usually has an active region 110 in the center, and a separation portion 130 is provided on the outer peripheral side surrounding the active region 110 via a pressure-resistant structure region 120.
- the separation unit 130 has a p-type separation region 31.
- the active region 110 is a region serving as a main current path of a vertical IGBT including the n ⁇ drift region 1, the p base region 2, the n + emitter region 3, the emitter electrode 9, the p collector region 10, the collector electrode 11, and the like. is there.
- the isolation region 31 is a p-type region formed at a depth in contact with the p collector region 10 on the back surface side from the front surface of the semiconductor substrate. The configuration of the active region 110 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing in detail the structure of the active region of the conventional reverse blocking IGBT shown in FIG.
- the n ⁇ drift region 1 is formed of a silicon substrate (hereinafter referred to as an FZ silicon substrate) manufactured by an FZ (Floating Zone) method.
- An IGBT using an FZ silicon substrate does not use a high-concentration semiconductor substrate, unlike an IGBT using a conventional epitaxial silicon substrate. For this reason, the thickness of the silicon substrate can be reduced to, for example, about 100 ⁇ m when the rated voltage of the IGBT is 600V and about 180 ⁇ m when the rated voltage of the IGBT is 1200V.
- a p base region 2 is selectively provided on the front surface layer of the FZ silicon substrate to be the n ⁇ drift region 1.
- An n + emitter region 3 and a p + body region 4 are selectively provided on the surface layer on the substrate front surface side of the p base region 2.
- a gate electrode 7 made of polysilicon is provided on the surface of the p base region 2 in a portion sandwiched between the n + emitter region 3 and the n ⁇ drift region 1 with a gate insulating film 6 interposed therebetween.
- the emitter electrode 9 is in ohmic contact with the surfaces of the n + emitter region 3 and the p + body region 4 in common.
- An interlayer insulating film 8 is provided between the gate electrode 7 and the emitter electrode 9 to electrically insulate the gate electrode 7 and the emitter electrode 9 from each other.
- a collector electrode 11 that is in ohmic contact with the p collector region 10 and the p collector region 10 is provided on the back side of the FZ silicon substrate that becomes the n ⁇ drift region 1.
- the p collector region 10 is controlled by reducing the thickness of the p collector region 10 and controlling the p collector region 10 to a required low impurity concentration. Can reduce the injection efficiency of minority carriers from and increase the transport efficiency.
- the reverse blocking IGBT having the above-described configuration improves the trade-off relationship between the on-voltage characteristic and the turn-off loss, and can reduce both the on-voltage and the turn-off loss.
- a reverse blocking IGBT As such a reverse blocking IGBT, a p base region is formed on the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate, an n + emitter region is formed inside the p base region, and on the outer peripheral portion and the back surface side of the semiconductor substrate, A reverse blocking IGBT has been proposed in which a p + isolation region on the side surface of the substrate and a p + collector region on the back side are formed so as to surround the p base region, and the thickness of the p + collector region on the back side is about 1 ⁇ m. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1 below.)
- the semiconductor substrate includes at least a forward and reverse breakdown voltage pn junction formed on both sides of a layer including the semiconductor substrate, and the breakdown junction termination structure of both the pn junctions is formed by an isolation diffusion region.
- the layer having the semiconductor substrate as a layer has a substantially constant impurity concentration distribution or impurity concentration from the first main surface toward the inside.
- a reverse blocking IGBT has been proposed that can reduce the reverse leakage current without lowering the reverse breakdown voltage by providing a decreasing region (see, for example, Patent Document 2 below).
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing the electric field strength distribution when applying a forward voltage and applying a reverse voltage in a conventional reverse blocking IGBT.
- FIG. 17A shows a cross-sectional structure of a main part of a conventional reverse blocking IGBT.
- the thickness of the reverse blocking IGBT shown in FIG. 17 (a) is shown on the y-axis, and the electric field intensity distributions at the time of forward voltage application and reverse voltage application are shown on the x-axis.
- the y-axis distance is a distance in the emitter direction where the back surface of the substrate (interface between the p collector region 10 and the collector electrode 11) is 0 (zero).
- buffers of the same conductivity type and high impurity concentration are provided at the interface between n ⁇ drift region 1 and p base region 2 and at the interface between n ⁇ drift region 1 and p collector region 10, respectively.
- the channel length is shortened by providing a high impurity concentration region of the same conductivity type as that of the n ⁇ drift region at least part of the boundary between the p base region and the n ⁇ drift region.
- the apparatus which reduced the voltage drop of an ON state is proposed (for example, refer the following patent document 4).
- the following device has been proposed as another IGBT with improved electrical characteristics.
- a short-life region is formed in a portion of the n drift region close to the p collector region.
- the short-life region is n-type and is doped at a higher concentration than the n base layer.
- a second IGBT formed in the first conductivity type semiconductor substrate at an impurity concentration higher than the impurity concentration of the first conductivity type semiconductor substrate apart from the second conductivity type collector region.
- a device having one conductivity type field stop region has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 6 below). In Patent Document 6 below, even when there is a partial defect in the collector region, an increase in voltage drop characteristic and a decrease in breakdown voltage characteristic in the on state are suppressed.
- Gate electrodes are buried in the trenches formed on both main surfaces of the semiconductor substrate via gate oxide films, respectively, and trench-type MOS gates (insulated gates made of metal-oxide film-semiconductor) are formed on both main surfaces of the semiconductor substrate.
- a structure (hereinafter referred to as a trench gate MOS structure) is formed.
- a buffer layer having the same conductivity type as the drift region and having a higher concentration than the drift region is provided at the interface between the drift region and the base layer on both main surfaces of the semiconductor substrate.
- a depletion layer that extends into the drift region when an off voltage is applied is sufficiently extended to reach a high-concentration buffer layer.
- the bidirectional breakdown voltage can be improved to the same extent, the vibration waveform at turn-off can be eliminated, and gate control can be performed bidirectionally (see, for example, Patent Document 7 below).
- a second trench groove is formed on the collector electrode side, an oxide film is coated on the surface of the second trench groove, polysilicon is filled, and the second trench groove is formed.
- a second n buffer region is formed at a location sandwiched between and the depletion layer during reverse biasing extends over the second n buffer region and spreads to the n ⁇ drift region.
- the planar reverse blocking IGBT shown in Patent Document 1 has a problem that the reverse breakdown voltage tends to be lower than the forward breakdown voltage. The reason will be described below.
- the planar reverse blocking IGBT requires a p + isolation region that reaches the p + collector region on the back surface side from the front surface of the semiconductor substrate in order to ensure reverse blocking capability.
- the long-time drive diffusion (heat treatment) necessary for forming the p + isolation region is performed in an oxygen atmosphere in order to prevent surface roughness of the n-type silicon substrate. With respect to the diffusion time of this heat treatment, for example, a 600V withstand voltage device requires about 100 hours at a temperature of 1300 ° C., and a 1200V withstand voltage device requires about 200 hours at a temperature of 1300 ° C.
- Such a high-temperature and long-time heat treatment is applied to the silicon substrate in an oxygen atmosphere, so that doped oxygen atoms become donors, and particularly when the impurity concentration of the silicon substrate is low, the silicon substrate is affected by the oxygen atom donors.
- the oxygen concentration of becomes higher. Since the oxygen concentration near the surface of the silicon substrate decreases due to out-diffusion, the impurity concentration distribution of the silicon substrate is low at a width (depth) of several ⁇ m to several tens of ⁇ m in the depth direction from both main surfaces of the substrate. It gets higher at the center.
- a required MOS gate structure and an aluminum electrode film are formed on the front surface side, and the thickness of the n drift region necessary for the withstand voltage is set while maintaining a low on-voltage. And a step of forming a p + collector region and a collector electrode.
- the amount of back surface grinding of the silicon substrate in the back surface grinding process is extremely large, more than half of the original thickness of the silicon substrate. For this reason, as described above, the silicon substrate affected by the donor formation of oxygen atoms has a high impurity concentration on the collector side subjected to the back grinding after the back grinding process, and on the emitter side due to the influence of outward diffusion.
- the impurity concentration distribution decreases with an inclination of a width (depth) of several ⁇ m to several tens of ⁇ m in the depth direction from the front surface.
- the p base junction on the emitter side of the reverse blocking IGBT (pn junction between the p base region and the n drift region).
- the depletion layer extending from the collector junction (the pn junction between the p + collector region and the n drift region) is less likely to extend than the depletion layer extending from.
- the electric field is likely to increase when a low voltage is applied, so that the reverse breakdown voltage is smaller than the forward breakdown voltage.
- Such an influence on the breakdown voltage due to the oxygen donor tends to cause a problem when the resistivity of the silicon substrate is large, for example, when the breakdown voltage is 600 V or higher.
- the collector junction (reverse breakdown voltage junction) is larger than the p base junction (forward breakdown voltage junction) and a higher breakdown voltage is likely to be obtained.
- the reverse breakdown voltage tends to be larger than the forward breakdown voltage.
- the reverse blocking IGBT has a characteristic (reverse recovery characteristic) in which a large current flows transiently during reverse recovery when switching from the on state to the reverse blocking state.
- reverse recovery waveform the voltage waveform and current waveform during reverse recovery
- the turn-off waveform and the reverse recovery waveform vibrate, noise may be generated, or the semiconductor device may be destroyed when the voltage waveform vibration becomes very large.
- the present invention eliminates the above-mentioned problems caused by the prior art, and improves reverse breakdown voltage, forward breakdown voltage, suppression of voltage and current waveform oscillation during turn-off, voltage waveform and current waveform during reverse recovery.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device capable of suppressing the vibration of the semiconductor device.
- the semiconductor device has the following characteristics.
- a base region of the second conductivity type is selectively provided on the surface layer of one main surface of the first conductivity type semiconductor substrate serving as the drift region.
- a first conductivity type emitter region is selectively provided in the base region.
- a trench reaching the drift region from one main surface of the semiconductor substrate through the emitter region and the base region is provided.
- An insulating film is provided along the inner wall of the trench.
- a gate electrode is embedded in the trench through the insulating film.
- An emitter electrode is provided in contact with the emitter region and the base region.
- a shell region of a first conductivity type that contacts the drift region side of the base region is provided inside the drift region.
- a collector region of the second conductivity type is provided in the surface layer on the other main surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- the shell region has a higher impurity concentration than the drift region.
- the effective dose amount of the first conductivity type impurity in the shell region is 5.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 or less.
- the drift region has a resistivity such that a depletion layer extending from the collector region when a reverse rated voltage is applied with the emitter electrode as a positive electrode does not reach the closer to the collector region of the bottom of the shell region or the trench. .
- the effective dose of the first conductivity type impurity in the shell region is preferably 4.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 or less in the above-described invention.
- the first conductivity type region having a higher impurity concentration than the drift region for reducing leakage current between the drift region and the collector region in the above-described invention is preferably provided.
- the semiconductor device according to the present invention may further include, in the above-described invention, an isolation region of a second conductivity type that reaches the collector region from one main surface of the semiconductor substrate at an outer peripheral end of the drift region. More preferred.
- the drift region has a depletion layer that extends from the collector region toward the base region when a reverse rated voltage is applied with the emitter electrode as a positive electrode. It is preferable to have a resistivity that does not reach the base region or the bottom of the trench closer to the collector region.
- a semiconductor device has the following characteristics.
- a first base region of the second conductivity type is selectively provided on the surface layer of one main surface of the first conductivity type semiconductor substrate serving as the drift region.
- a first conductivity type first emitter region is selectively provided in the first base region.
- a first trench is provided that reaches the drift region from one main surface of the semiconductor substrate through the first emitter region and the first base region.
- a first insulating film is provided along the inner wall of the first trench.
- a first gate electrode is embedded in the first trench through the first insulating film.
- An emitter electrode in contact with the first emitter region and the first base region is provided.
- a first conductivity type first shell region in contact with the drift region side of the first base region is provided inside the drift region.
- a second base region of the second conductivity type is selectively provided on the surface layer of the other main surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- a second emitter region of the first conductivity type is selectively provided in the second base region.
- a second trench is provided that reaches the drift region from the other main surface of the semiconductor substrate through the second emitter region and the second base region.
- a second insulating film is provided along the inner wall of the second trench.
- a second gate electrode is embedded in the second trench through the second insulating film.
- a back electrode in contact with the second emitter region and the second base region is provided.
- a second shell region of a first conductivity type is provided in contact with the drift region side of the second base region.
- the first shell region and the second shell region have a higher impurity concentration than the drift region.
- the effective dose amount of the first conductivity type impurity in the first shell region and the second shell region is 5.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 or less.
- a depletion layer that extends from the second base region when a reverse rated voltage is applied with the emitter electrode as a positive electrode is close to the second shell region in the bottom of the first shell region or the first trench. It has a resistivity that does not reach the direction.
- the effective dose of the first conductivity type impurity in the second shell region is preferably 4.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 or less in the above-described invention.
- the drift region extends from the second base region toward the first base region when a reverse rated voltage is applied with the emitter electrode serving as a positive electrode. It is preferable that the depletion layer has a resistivity that does not reach a side closer to the second shell region of the first base region or the bottom of the first trench.
- the electric field in the semiconductor substrate can be relaxed more than before, so that the forward breakdown voltage and the reverse breakdown voltage are improved.
- the reverse recovery current of the reverse recovery waveform can be reduced from a negative value by setting the effective dose of the first conductivity type impurity in the shell region to 5.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 or less. The period until convergence to zero can be made faster than before. That is, the recovery of the blocking voltage can be accelerated compared to the conventional case.
- a semiconductor device has the following characteristics.
- a second conductive type second semiconductor region is selectively provided on the surface layer of one main surface of the first conductive type semiconductor substrate to be the first semiconductor region.
- a first conductivity type third semiconductor region having an impurity concentration higher than that of the first semiconductor region is selectively provided inside the second semiconductor region.
- a first electrode is provided on the surface of the portion of the second semiconductor region sandwiched between the third semiconductor region and the first semiconductor region via an insulating film.
- a second electrode in contact with the third semiconductor region and the second semiconductor region is provided.
- a fourth semiconductor region of the second conductivity type is provided in the surface layer on the other main surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- a third electrode in contact with the fourth semiconductor region is provided.
- a fifth semiconductor region of a first conductivity type facing at least a part of the fourth semiconductor region on the first semiconductor region side is provided on the fourth semiconductor region side inside the first semiconductor region.
- the fifth semiconductor region has a higher impurity concentration than the first semiconductor region.
- a sixth semiconductor region of the second conductivity type is provided on the outer periphery of the semiconductor substrate. The sixth semiconductor region penetrates the first semiconductor region from one main surface of the semiconductor substrate and reaches the fourth semiconductor region.
- the total dose of the first conductivity type impurities in the fifth semiconductor region is 2.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 or less.
- a semiconductor device has the following characteristics.
- a second conductive type second semiconductor region is selectively provided on the surface layer of one main surface of the first conductive type semiconductor substrate to be the first semiconductor region.
- a first conductivity type third semiconductor region having an impurity concentration higher than that of the first semiconductor region is selectively provided inside the second semiconductor region.
- a trench reaching the first semiconductor region from one main surface of the semiconductor substrate through the third semiconductor region and the second semiconductor region is provided.
- An insulating film is provided along the inner wall of the trench.
- a first electrode is embedded in the trench through the insulating film.
- a second electrode in contact with the third semiconductor region and the second semiconductor region is provided.
- a fourth semiconductor region of the second conductivity type is provided in the surface layer on the other main surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- a third electrode in contact with the fourth semiconductor region is provided.
- a fifth semiconductor region of a first conductivity type facing at least a part of the fourth semiconductor region on the first semiconductor region side is provided on the fourth semiconductor region side inside the first semiconductor region.
- the fifth semiconductor region has a higher impurity concentration than the first semiconductor region.
- a sixth semiconductor region of the second conductivity type is provided on the outer periphery of the semiconductor substrate. The sixth semiconductor region penetrates the first semiconductor region from one main surface of the semiconductor substrate and reaches the fourth semiconductor region.
- the total dose of the first conductivity type impurities in the fifth semiconductor region is 2.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 or less.
- the fifth semiconductor region opposes the entire surface of the fourth semiconductor region on the first semiconductor region side.
- the semiconductor device according to the present invention is the active device having the second semiconductor region, the third semiconductor region, the fourth semiconductor region, the first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode in the above-described invention.
- An area is provided.
- a breakdown voltage structure region is provided in a surface layer on one main surface of the semiconductor substrate so as to surround the active region.
- the breakdown voltage structure region may include a plurality of second conductivity type seventh semiconductor regions.
- the first semiconductor region moves from the second semiconductor region to the fifth semiconductor region when a reverse rated voltage is applied with the second electrode as a positive electrode. It is preferable that the depletion layer that spreads out has a resistivity that does not reach the fifth semiconductor region.
- the electric field strength in the semiconductor substrate can be made uniform when the reverse voltage is applied, so that the reverse breakdown voltage can be improved.
- the intermediate voltage is applied between the fifth semiconductor region and the fourth semiconductor region when the forward voltage is applied. Therefore, the vibration of the voltage waveform and the current waveform at the time of turn-off can be suppressed.
- the reverse breakdown voltage is improved, the forward breakdown voltage is improved, the vibration of the voltage waveform and the current waveform at turn-off is suppressed, and the vibration of the voltage waveform and the current waveform at the time of reverse recovery is suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a reverse blocking IGBT according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the active region of the reverse blocking IGBT of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the breakdown voltage structure region of the reverse blocking IGBT of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the electric field strength distribution in the active region of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the distribution of the effective dose along the cutting line A-A ′ of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the distribution of the effective dose along the cutting line B-B ′ of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the distribution of the effective dose along the cutting line A-A ′ of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the effective dose amount of the n-shell region of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment and the reverse leakage current.
- FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the effective dose amount of the n-shell region of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment and the sum of the turn-off loss and the turn-on loss.
- FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing a voltage waveform and a current waveform during reverse recovery of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram showing voltage waveforms and current waveforms during reverse recovery of a conventional reverse blocking IGBT.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of another example of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of another example of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of another example of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of another example of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a conventional reverse blocking IGBT.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing in detail the structure of the active region of the conventional reverse blocking IGBT shown in FIG.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing the electric field strength distribution when applying a forward voltage and applying a reverse voltage in a conventional reverse blocking IGBT.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the active region of the reverse blocking IGBT of FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the breakdown voltage structure region of the reverse blocking IGBT of FIG.
- FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram of the electric field strength distribution when applying the forward voltage and applying the reverse voltage to the reverse blocking IGBT according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a characteristic diagram showing the impurity amount distribution along the section line C-C ′ of FIG. 19.
- FIG. 23 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the effective total impurity amount and the reverse breakdown voltage in the n-type high concentration region of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the effective total impurity amount and the forward leakage current in the n-type high concentration region of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a characteristic diagram showing the charge resistance of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a reverse blocking IGBT according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the reverse blocking IGBT includes an active region 200, a breakdown voltage structure region 100 provided outside the active region 200, and a breakdown voltage on an FZ silicon substrate (semiconductor substrate) serving as an n ⁇ drift region 1 a. And a separation unit 130 provided outside the structural region 100.
- the thickness of the semiconductor substrate may be, for example, 90 ⁇ m or more, and the n ⁇ drift region 1a may be 80 ⁇ m or more so as not to adversely affect the characteristics of the reverse blocking IGBT having a 600V breakdown voltage class.
- the active region 200, n - having a p-collector provided on the substrate rear surface side of the drift region 1a region 10a and the collector electrode 11a - trench gate MOS structure and n provided on the substrate front surface side of the drift region 1a A vertical reverse blocking IGBT is configured. A detailed description of the trench gate MOS structure will be described later.
- the breakdown voltage structure provided on the substrate front surface side of the breakdown voltage structure region 100 has a predetermined pattern surrounding the active region 200 between the active region 200 and the isolation part 130.
- the breakdown voltage structure region 100 has a function of reducing the electric field strength of the pn main junction termination surface constituting the IGBT and realizing a desired breakdown voltage and breakdown voltage reliability.
- the pn main junction is a pn junction (p base junction) between the p base region 2a and the n ⁇ drift region 1a.
- the breakdown voltage structure of the breakdown voltage structure region 100 will be described later.
- the separation unit 130 has a cut surface that becomes a side surface of the semiconductor substrate when the wafer is diced into individual chips, and is formed along the cut surface.
- Isolation portion 130 has an isolation region 31a at a depth that reaches the p collector region 10a on the back side of the substrate from the substrate front surface of n ⁇ drift region 1a at the outer peripheral end of n ⁇ drift region 1a.
- the depletion layer includes a collector junction (pn junction between the p collector region 10a and the n ⁇ drift region 1a) 21 on the back side of the semiconductor substrate, an isolation region 31a, and an n ⁇ drift region 1a.
- isolation region junction a pn junction (hereinafter referred to as isolation region junction) 21a between them, and extends toward the p base region 2a.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the active region 200 of the reverse blocking IGBT of FIG.
- a plurality of first trenches 5 are provided at predetermined intervals on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate to be the n ⁇ drift region 1a.
- a p base region 2 a is provided on the front surface layer of the semiconductor substrate so as to be sandwiched between the first trenches 5.
- P base region 2a has a higher impurity concentration than n ⁇ drift region 1a.
- n + emitter region 3 a and a p + body region 4 a are selectively provided in the surface layer on the substrate front surface side of the p base region 2 a in a portion sandwiched between adjacent first trenches 5.
- p + body region 4a has a higher impurity concentration than p base region 2a.
- the portion of p base region 2a sandwiched between adjacent first trenches 5 has a configuration in which n + emitter region 3a and p + body region 4a are provided, and from this configuration there is no n + emitter region 3a.
- the constituent portions are provided alternately.
- the n shell region 13 is provided in a portion between the n ⁇ drift region 1 a and the p base region 2 a and sandwiched between the first trenches 5.
- the n shell region 13 is preferably provided so as to occupy at least the entire region below the p base region 2a (on the n ⁇ drift region 1a side). This is because minority carrier injection from the p collector region 10a to the p base region 2a can be suppressed, and the transport efficiency is reduced.
- the n shell region 13 is provided so as to surround the entire region under the p base region 2 a in the active region 200.
- the n shell region 13 is completely sandwiched between the first trenches 5, but a part of the n shell region 13 is sandwiched between the first trenches 5, and a part of the n shell region 13 extends to a lower layer of the first trench 5.
- region 13 which has (the depth which covers the bottom part of the 1st trench 5).
- Emitter electrode 9a is in common contact with the surfaces of n + emitter region 3a and p + body region 4a. The emitter electrode 9a is electrically insulated from the gate electrode 7a by the interlayer insulating film 8a.
- the structure of the first trench 5 will be further described.
- the first trench 5 must have a depth that penetrates the n + emitter region 3a and the p base region 2a.
- the first trench 5 has a depth intermediate to the n shell region 13 as described above. The depth of penetration may be sufficient.
- MOS gate structure trench gate MOS structure
- a gate insulating film 6 a is provided along the inner wall of the first trench 5 and the gate is formed inside the first trench 5, as in the conventional case.
- a structure in which the gate electrode 7a made of polysilicon is embedded via the insulating film 6a may be employed.
- n shell region 13 has a higher impurity concentration than n ⁇ drift region 1a.
- N ⁇ drift region 1 a preferably has a resistivity that satisfies a condition that a depletion layer extending from p collector region 10 a toward n shell region 13 does not reach n shell region 13.
- At least n ⁇ drift region 1 a needs to have a resistivity that a depletion layer extending from p collector region 10 a toward n shell region 13 does not reach n shell region 13 when a reverse voltage equal to the rated voltage is applied. There is.
- the resistivity of the n ⁇ drift region 1a is, for example, 22 ⁇ cm or more and 35 ⁇ cm or less, and the width (thickness) of the n ⁇ drift region 1a Is preferably 80 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- an nLCS (Leakage Current Stop) region 12 in contact with the p collector region 10a is provided between the n ⁇ drift region 1a and the p collector region 10a.
- the reason why the nLCS region 12 is provided is that minority carrier injection from the p collector region 10a to the nLCS region 12 can be suppressed and the transport efficiency can be reduced.
- the nLCS region 12 has a function of reducing leakage current.
- the nLCS region 12 has a higher impurity concentration than the n ⁇ drift region 1a. Further, the n ⁇ drift region 1a has a resistance that prevents a depletion layer extending from the p base region 2a toward the nLCS region 12 from reaching the nLCS region 12 when a forward voltage, preferably a forward voltage equal to the rated voltage, is applied. Have a rate. Furthermore, the nLCS region 12 has an impurity concentration such that the effective dose of n-type impurities in the nLCS region 12 (hereinafter referred to as the effective dose of the nLCS region 12) is 5.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 or less.
- the effective dose amount in the nLCS region 12 is distributed to a certain region in the nLCS region 12, the effective dose amount of the n-type impurity contained in the entire nLCS region 12 is averaged.
- the nLCS region 12 may be included in the nLCS region 12 so as to be 5.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 or less, and the nLCS region 12 does not have to have a specific impurity concentration distribution.
- the nLCS region 12 should have an impurity concentration such that the effective dose of the nLCS region 12 is 4.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 or less. The reason is that the sum of reverse recovery loss (switching loss at the time of reverse voltage recovery) and turn-on loss, which are operations peculiar to the reverse blocking IGBT, can be suppressed.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the breakdown voltage structure region 100 of the reverse blocking IGBT of FIG.
- the breakdown voltage structure region 100 is formed in a ring-shaped plane pattern on the outer periphery of the active region 200.
- a field insulating film 8b that covers n ⁇ drift region 1a is provided on the surface of the n ⁇ drift region 1a of the breakdown voltage structure region 100 on the substrate front surface side as a breakdown voltage protective film.
- a field limiting ring (hereinafter referred to as FLR: Field Limiting Ring) which is an electrically floating p-type region is formed on the surface layer on the substrate front surface side of the n ⁇ drift region 1a, which is the lower layer of the field insulating film 8b.
- FLR Field Limiting Ring
- a plurality of 101 are provided in a ring-shaped plane pattern so as to surround the surface layer of the active region 200.
- the field insulating film 8b is provided with an opening 8c that exposes the surface of the FLR 101 in a ring-shaped plane pattern.
- field plates (hereinafter referred to as FP) 14 which are floating conductive films are provided along the surface shape of the FLRs 101 through the openings 8c of the field insulating film 8b.
- FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the electric field strength distribution in the active region of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of another example of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment. 4 shows the electric field strength distribution (FIG. 4A) of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, and the electric field strength distribution of the bidirectional IGBT described in FIG. 14 and Patent Document 6, respectively. (FIGS. 4B and 4C).
- 4 (a) and 4 (b) are electric field strength distribution characteristic diagrams showing the relationship between the distance y from the surface of the p collector region 10a (the interface between the p collector region 10a and the collector electrode 11a) and the electric field strength E.
- FIG. The same applies to 4 (c)).
- the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 since the first trench 5 penetrates the n shell region 13, forward bias is applied (forward voltage application).
- the electric field peak (critical electric field strength) generated in the time (solid line in FIG. 4A) is not in the vicinity of the p base junction 20 like the electric field peak 211 of the conventional reverse blocking IGBT shown in FIG. shell region 13 and the n - are in drift region 1a - n positions of the first trench 5 bottom of the vicinity of the boundary between the drift region 1a (parallel to the shell region dashed line).
- the gradient of the electric field strength before and after the electric field peak is gentler than the gradient before and after the electric field peak 211 of the conventional structure shown in FIG. It is a feature.
- an electric field peak generated in the vicinity of the boundary between the p collector region 10a and the nLCS region 12 at the time of reverse bias (when reverse voltage is applied: inclined broken line in FIG. 4A). Similar to the forward bias (although the direction in which the electric field peak occurs is opposite to that of the forward bias), the inclination is gentler than the inclination around the electric field peak 212 of the conventional structure shown in FIG. Further, the emitter side of the electric field intensity distribution at the time of reverse bias does not reach the n shell region 13 but is in the n ⁇ drift region 1a. This indicates that the depletion layer extending from the collector junction 21 toward the emitter reaches the avalanche breakdown electric field before reaching the n shell region 13.
- the first and second shell regions (n shell regions) 13 and 13a are first on both main surface sides of the substrate. It is provided in a narrow region sandwiched between the two trenches 5 and 5a. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4B, the electric field peak position is the boundary between the first and second shell regions 13 and 13a and the n ⁇ drift region 1a both when the forward voltage is applied and when the reverse voltage is applied. While moving to the position of the bottom of the first and second trenches 5 and 5a in the vicinity (broken line parallel to the shell region), the gradient of the electric field intensity becomes gentler than that of the conventional structure shown in FIG.
- the depletion layer (inclined solid line) extending from the p base junction 20 toward the p collector region 10a (corresponding to the p base region 2b in FIG. 14) is critical for causing avalanche breakdown before reaching the second shell region 13a. It was confirmed that the electric field strength was reached. In addition, it was confirmed that the depletion layer (inclined broken line) extending from the collector junction 21 toward the first shell region 13 reaches a critical electric field strength that causes avalanche breakdown before reaching the first shell region 13.
- the n shell region 13 on the front side of the substrate is the first shell region
- the n shell region on the back side of the substrate is the second shell region 13a.
- the trench 5a constituting the trench gate MOS structure on the back side of the substrate is a second trench.
- the reason why the inclination before and after the electric field peak becomes gentle by providing the n shell region 13 between the first trench 5 between the p base region 2a and the n ⁇ drift region 1a is as follows. .
- the n shell region 13 between the narrow first trenches 5 is not only depleted from the pn junction with the p base region 2a, but also the first trenches 5 on both sides sandwiching the n shell region 13 are sandwiched. It is also depleted from the boundary with the inner gate insulating film 6a. For this reason, even if the impurity concentration of the n shell region 13 is high, the n shell region 13 is easily fully depleted with a low forward bias.
- the narrow space between the first trenches 5 is, for example, a trench interval of 4 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- the reverse blocking IGBT according to the present invention is provided with the n shell region 13 under the above-described conditions so as to have the above-described electric field intensity distribution.
- the bidirectional IGBT according to the present invention is provided with the first shell region 13 or the second shell region 13a under the above-described conditions so as to have the above-described electric field intensity distribution.
- the reverse blocking IGBT and the bidirectional IGBT according to the present invention are provided with the n ⁇ drift region 1a under the condition that the depletion layer does not completely extend in the n ⁇ drift region 1a when the rated voltage is applied as described above. .
- the current characteristics of the reverse blocking IGBT (hereinafter referred to as the first example) according to the first embodiment shown in FIGS.
- the rated voltage was 600V.
- the resistivity and thickness of the semiconductor substrate were 28 ⁇ cm and 80 ⁇ m, respectively. That is, the resistivity of the n ⁇ drift region 1a is 28 ⁇ cm.
- the width of the first trench 5 was 1.5 ⁇ m, the depth was 5.0 ⁇ m, and the arrangement interval of the first trench 5 was 4.5 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the distribution of the effective dose along the cutting line AA ′ in FIG.
- the vertical axis represents the impurity concentration (cm ⁇ 3 ), and the horizontal axis represents the distance ( ⁇ m) from the emitter surface (the same applies to FIGS. 6 and 22).
- the emitter surface is the boundary between the n + emitter region 3a and the emitter electrode 9a, that is, the front surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the distribution of the effective dose along the cutting line BB ′ in FIG.
- the impurity concentration shown on the vertical axis in FIG. 5 represents the effective dose per unit volume of the region at a certain depth (cut line AA ′) from the front surface of the semiconductor substrate as the impurity concentration.
- the effective dose amount for each depth of the region corresponding to the n shell region 13 was integrated to calculate the effective impurity concentration of the n shell region 13. That is, the region within the distribution shape of the effective dose distribution of the n shell region 13 shown in FIG. 5 is the effective dose amount of the n shell region 13.
- FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the effective dose of the n-shell region 13 of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment and the reverse leakage current. A plurality of first examples having different effective dose amounts (N-shell doses) of the n-shell region 13 were produced (manufactured).
- the effective dose of the n shell region 13 was set to 1 ⁇ 10 11 cm ⁇ 2 to 6.8 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 , respectively.
- the reverse leakage current was measured for each of these first examples.
- a reverse blocking IGBT without an n shell region was prepared (hereinafter referred to as a comparative example), and the reverse leakage current was measured.
- the reverse leakage current is shown as a comparative example when the effective dose is zero, and the reverse leakage current (vertical axis) of a plurality of first embodiments having different effective doses in the n-shell region 13 is shown.
- the horizontal axis represents the effective dose amount of the n shell region 13.
- the thickness of the n ⁇ drift region 1a is 80 ⁇ m. From the results shown in FIG. 7, it was confirmed that the leakage current of the comparative example was 6.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 A (0.06 mA) at 600V.
- the n shell region 13 is provided between the n ⁇ drift region 1a and the p base region 2a, so that the p collector region 10a, the n ⁇ drift region 1a and the p base region 2a (p + body region 4a
- the current amplification factor of the pnp transistor consisting of In the comparative example in which the thickness of the n ⁇ drift region 1a is 100 ⁇ m and the effective dose is zero, it has been confirmed that the leakage current is 1.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 A (0.011 mA) at 600V. .
- FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the effective dose amount of the n-shell region 13 of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment and the sum of the turn-off loss and the turn-on loss.
- the reverse blocking IGBT is a diode for reverse breakdown voltage (free wheel diode) connected in series to the IGBT in the case of a bidirectional switching device using a conventional IGBT. Therefore, it is desirable that reverse recovery loss and turn-on loss be small.
- FIG. 8 shows the results of measuring the reverse recovery loss and the turn-on loss of the first example and the comparative example.
- the sum (not shown) of the reverse recovery loss and the turn-on loss of the reverse blocking IGBT having no n-shell region is the case where the effective impurity dose is zero.
- reverse recovery loss (turn-off loss) and turn-on loss were measured when the bus voltage was 300 V and the reverse recovery current was 180 A / cm 2 . From the results shown in FIG. 8, it was confirmed that by providing the n-shell region 13, the sum of turn-off loss and turn-on loss suddenly increases as the impurity dose increases. This is presumed to be because the reverse recovery current increases and the reverse recovery loss increases as the effective dose of the n-shell region 13 increases.
- the reverse blocking IGBT when used as a switching element, it is desirable to reduce the effective dose of the n shell region 13 in order to reduce the switching loss.
- the effective impurity dose of the n-shell region 13 when the effective impurity dose of the n-shell region 13 is 5.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 or less (preferably 4.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 or less), the reverse recovery loss is The sum of the turn-on loss is approximately 8 mJ to 9 mJ, and it can be seen that the increase of the sum of the reverse recovery loss and the turn-on loss is relatively small.
- the sum of the turn-off loss and the turn-on loss of the reverse blocking IGBT of the comparative example is about 13.5 mJ (not shown).
- the effective impurity dose of the n-shell region 13 is 5.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 or less (preferably 4.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 or less). In the first embodiment in the case of), it can be reduced by about 35% to 40% compared to the comparative example.
- FIG. 8 shows that the sum of the reverse recovery loss and the turn-on loss increases rapidly when the effective impurity dose of the n-shell region 13 exceeds 5.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2.
- the effective dose of the n shell region 13 is 6.8 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2
- the sum of the reverse recovery loss and the turn-on loss is about 11.7 mJ.
- the sum of the reverse recovery loss and the turn-on loss is smaller than that of the comparative example (13.5 mJ), but in the first example (about 8 mJ to 9 mJ) in the case of 5.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 or less.
- the effective dose of the n-shell region 13 is set to 5.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 or less, preferably 4.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 or less. It was confirmed.
- FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing a voltage waveform and a current waveform during reverse recovery of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram showing voltage waveforms and current waveforms during reverse recovery of a conventional reverse blocking IGBT. 9 and 10, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents anode current (Anode Current) and anode voltage (Anode Voltage).
- FIG. 9 shows the case where the effective dose of the n shell region 13 of the first embodiment is 3.2 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 .
- 9 and 10 show reverse recovery waveforms when the bus voltage is 300 V and the reverse recovery current is 180 A / cm 2 . From these results, in the first example shown in FIG.
- a period T1 (hereinafter referred to as a convergence period) until the reverse recovery current of the reverse recovery waveform converges from a negative value to zero is compared with the comparison shown in FIG. It can be seen that it is shorter than the example convergence period T2. In other words, it can be said that the first embodiment recovers the blocking voltage faster than the comparative example. In addition, it was found that the reverse recovery waveform does not vibrate in the first embodiment.
- the reason why the reverse recovery waveform does not vibrate in the first embodiment is that the minority carriers are accumulated in the n-shell region 13 of the diode composed of the p base region 2a and the n-shell region 13 at the time of turning on. It is presumed that this is because the increase in the amount can be suppressed. Further, by adjusting the substrate concentration of the n ⁇ drift region 1 a, a space charge region (depletion layer) extending from the p collector region 10 a toward the p base region 2 a is formed at the n shell region 13 or the bottom of the first trench 5. Because it does not reach.
- the effective dose amount of the n-type impurity is 5.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 between the n ⁇ drift region 1a and the p base region 2a.
- An n shell region 13 having the following impurity concentration is provided.
- the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment includes the n ⁇ drift region 1 a having a resistivity that prevents the depletion layer extending from the p collector region 10 a from reaching the n shell region 13.
- the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment can relax the electric field in the substrate as compared with the conventional reverse blocking IGBT. As a result, the forward breakdown voltage and the reverse breakdown voltage can be improved. Further, according to the first embodiment, it is possible to suppress the vibration of the voltage waveform and the current waveform (reverse recovery waveform) at the time of reverse recovery, so that it is possible to prevent noise generation and device destruction.
- FIGS. 11 to 14 are sectional views showing another example of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment.
- a region in which the n + emitter region 3a is omitted is provided between some of the first trenches 5, and the region between the regions in which the n + emitter region 3a is omitted.
- the gate electrode 7a of the first trench 5 has a gate potential or an emitter potential, or, as shown in FIG. 12, a part of the first trench 5 is covered with an interlayer insulating film 8a to form an n + emitter region.
- a structure in which the width is wider than that between the first trenches 5 provided with 3a and a region where no on-current flows can be provided.
- the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment as shown in FIG. 13, n + in between the first trench 5 which emitter region 3a are provided, n + emitter to be in contact with the first trench 5 of one A structure in which the region 3a is provided may be employed.
- These reverse blocking IGBTs shown in FIGS. 11, 12, and 13 are all effective in that the conductivity modulation effect is increased and the on-voltage is reduced by increasing the hole density in the vicinity of the effective first trench 5.
- the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment can be configured to omit the nLCS region 12 by adjusting the thickness of the n ⁇ drift region 1a (not shown).
- the effective space between the first trenches 5 is between the adjacent first trenches 5 in which the n + emitter region 3a is provided.
- FIG. 14 shows the structure of the active region of a bidirectional IGBT that can be gated in both the forward and reverse directions.
- the bidirectional IGBT shown in FIG. 14 functions alone as a bidirectional switching device by providing a trench gate MOS structure on both the main surface and the back surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- the trench gate MOS structure on the front surface side and the back surface side of the semiconductor substrate is the same as the trench gate MOS structure of the reverse blocking IGBT shown in FIGS.
- the second trench on the back side of the substrate is denoted by 5a
- the n shell region (second shell region) on the back side of the substrate is denoted by 13a
- the p base region on the back side of the substrate is denoted by 2b
- the back side electrode is denoted by 15.
- the impurity concentrations of the first shell region 13 and the second shell region 13a on both main surfaces are the above-described impurity concentrations.
- the impurity concentration of n ⁇ drift region 1a when a reverse voltage equal to the rated voltage is applied, a depletion layer that extends in the n ⁇ drift region 1a from p base region 2a toward second shell region 13a is formed. It is preferable to have a resistivity that does not reach the second shell region 13a.
- the reverse blocking IGBT shown in FIGS. 11 to 13 and the bidirectional IGBT shown in FIG. 14 also have the same effect as the reverse blocking IGBT of FIGS.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the active region of the reverse blocking IGBT of FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the breakdown voltage structure region of the reverse blocking IGBT of FIG.
- the reverse blocking IGBT according to the second embodiment is different from the reverse blocking IGBT according to the first embodiment in that an n-type high concentration region is provided in the vicinity of the p collector region 10a inside the n ⁇ drift region 1a instead of the n shell region. 45 is provided.
- the active region 220 has a p-base on the front surface side of the FZ silicon substrate (semiconductor substrate) to be the n ⁇ drift region 1a.
- a planar type MOS gate structure including a region 42, an n + emitter region 43, a p + body region 44, a gate insulating film 46 and a gate electrode 47, and an emitter electrode 49 are provided.
- the n ⁇ drift region 1a is applied to a p collector from a pn junction (p base junction) between the p base region 42 and the n ⁇ drift region 1a when a reverse voltage equal to the rated voltage is applied.
- the depletion layer extending toward the region 10 a has a resistivity that does not reach the n-type high concentration region 45.
- the p base region 42 is selectively provided on the surface layer of the front surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- the n + emitter region 43 and the p + body region 44 are selectively provided inside the p base region 42.
- the gate electrode 47 is provided on the surface of the portion of the p base region 42 sandwiched between the n + emitter region 43 and the n ⁇ drift region 1a via a gate insulating film.
- Emitter electrode 49 is conductively connected to n + emitter region 43 and p + body region 44.
- the emitter electrode 49 is electrically insulated from the gate electrode 47 by the interlayer insulating film 48.
- a p collector region 10a and a collector electrode 11a are provided on the back surface side of the semiconductor substrate to be the n ⁇ drift region 1a.
- the n-type high concentration region 45 is provided on the p collector region 10a side inside the n ⁇ drift region 1a.
- the n-type high concentration region 45 is provided so as to face at least a part of the surface of the p collector region 10a on the p base region 42 side with the n ⁇ drift region 1a interposed therebetween.
- n-type high concentration region 45 is preferably provided so as to face the entire surface of p collector region 10a on the p base region 42 side with n ⁇ drift region 1a interposed therebetween. That is, the n-type high concentration region 45 expands from the pn junction (collector junction) between the p collector region 10a and the isolation region 31a and the n ⁇ drift region 1a toward the p base region 42 when a reverse voltage is applied. It is preferably provided so as to face the depletion layer. This is because the electric field strength in the semiconductor substrate can be made uniform when the depletion layer expands from the collector junction toward the p base region 42 when the reverse voltage is applied.
- the n-type high concentration region 45 may be in contact with the isolation region 31a.
- the n-type high concentration region 45 has an impurity concentration that allows the n-type high concentration region 45 to be completely depleted when a depletion layer expands from the collector junction toward the p base region 42 when a reverse voltage is applied.
- the total impurity amount (total dose amount) N D x of the n-type high concentration region 45 is expressed by the following equation (2) from the following equation (1) based on the one-dimensional Poisson equation.
- the limit value of the total impurity amount N D x of the n-type high concentration region 45 is obtained.
- the total impurity amount N D x of the n-type high concentration region 45 is preferably about 2.0 ⁇ 10 12 cm ⁇ 2 or less.
- the n-type high concentration region 45 only needs to contain an n-type impurity so as to satisfy the total impurity amount N D x, and the n-type impurity is distributed in a partial manner in a part of the n-type high concentration region 45. May be. That is, the effect of the present invention can be obtained by providing the n-type high concentration region 45 regardless of the impurity amount distribution in the n-type high concentration region 45.
- the structures of the breakdown voltage structure region 100 and the isolation part 130 (isolation region 31a) are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram of the electric field strength distribution when applying the forward voltage and applying the reverse voltage to the reverse blocking IGBT according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 21A shows a cross-sectional structure of the main part of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the second embodiment.
- the depth (distance y) from the back surface of the reverse blocking IGBT shown in FIG. 21A is plotted on the horizontal axis, and when the forward voltage is applied (solid line) and when the reverse voltage is applied (broken line)
- the vertical axis represents the distribution of the electric field strength E.
- the electric field strength distribution shown in FIG. 21B can be obtained. Specifically, as indicated by a solid line in FIG. 21B, a depletion layer that expands from the p base junction toward the p collector region 10a when a forward voltage is applied can be stopped near the n-type high concentration region 45. . For this reason, it is possible to prevent the electric field from reaching the p collector region 10a.
- the depletion layer that spreads from the p base junction toward the p collector region 10a when the forward voltage is applied does not have to reach the p collector region 10a, and the depletion layer is between the n-type high concentration region 45 and the p collector region 10a.
- the extension of the depletion layer extending from the collector junction toward the p base region 42 when a reverse voltage is applied can be made shorter than that of the conventional reverse blocking IGBT.
- FIG. 22 is a characteristic diagram showing the distribution of the amount of impurities along the cutting line CC ′ in FIG.
- a reverse blocking IGBT was fabricated (manufactured) according to the second embodiment.
- the rated voltage was 600 V
- the resistivity and thickness of the semiconductor substrate were 28 ⁇ cm and 100 ⁇ m, respectively. That is, the resistivity of the n ⁇ drift region 1a is 28 ⁇ cm.
- the amount of impurities in each region in the semiconductor substrate was measured.
- the first measurement result 51 is an impurity amount distribution in the n ⁇ drift region 1a.
- the second measurement result 52 is an impurity amount distribution in the p base region 42.
- the third measurement result 53 is an impurity amount distribution in the p collector region 10a.
- the fourth measurement result 54 is an impurity amount distribution in the n-type high concentration region 45. That is, FIG. 22 shows the amount of impurity present in the depth direction in each region in the semiconductor substrate.
- the fourth measurement result 54 showing the impurity amount distribution in the n-type high concentration region 45 has a peak at a predetermined depth and decreases toward both main surfaces of the substrate front surface and the substrate back surface. It has become.
- the total impurity amount in the n-type high concentration region 45 was calculated by integrating the impurity amount for each depth in the fourth measurement result 54. By calculating the total impurity amount in the n-type high concentration region 45 in this way, the total impurity amount in the n-type high concentration region 45 is calculated even when the impurity amount distribution in the n-type high concentration region 45 is not uniform. can do. Then, the effective total impurity amount of the n-type high concentration region 45 is obtained by subtracting the impurity amount of the n-type high concentration region 45 of the n ⁇ drift region 1a from the total impurity amount of the n-type high concentration region 45. It is said.
- the hatched portion indicated by reference numeral 50 is the effective total impurity amount of the n-type high concentration region 45.
- the total impurity amount in the n ⁇ drift region 1 a is calculated by integrating in the depth direction in the same manner as the calculation of the total impurity amount in the n-type high concentration region 45.
- FIG. 23 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the effective total impurity amount and the reverse breakdown voltage in the n-type high concentration region of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the second embodiment.
- a plurality of reverse blocking IGBTs (hereinafter, referred to as a second embodiment) having different effective total impurity amounts of the n-type high concentration region 45 were produced.
- the effective total impurity amount of the n-type high concentration region 45 is in the range of 1.0 ⁇ 10 11 cm ⁇ 2 to 8.0 ⁇ 10 11 cm ⁇ 2 (the same applies to FIG. 24). ).
- the n-type high concentration region 45 was disposed at a position 10 ⁇ m away from the p collector region 10a.
- a conventional reverse blocking IGBT (the above-described comparative example) in which the n-type high concentration region 45 is not provided was prepared.
- the collector-emitter voltage is 600 V (so that the emitter potential is negative with respect to the collector potential), and the reverse breakdown voltage is reduced with the gate-emitter short-circuited. It was measured.
- FIG. FIG. 23 shows a case where the effective total impurity amount of the n-type high concentration region 45 is zero as a comparative example. From the results shown in FIG. 23, it was confirmed that the reverse breakdown voltage can be lowered by providing the n-type high concentration region 45. Further, it was confirmed that the reverse breakdown voltage can be lowered as the effective total impurity amount in the n-type high concentration region 45 is increased. Therefore, it was confirmed that by setting the effective total impurity amount of the n-type high concentration region 45 as appropriate, the reverse breakdown voltage can be lowered and adjusted to approach a predetermined breakdown voltage (rated voltage).
- FIG. 24 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the effective total impurity amount and the forward leakage current in the n-type high concentration region of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the second embodiment.
- the forward leakage current was measured with the collector-emitter voltage set at 600 V and the gate-emitter shorted. The result is shown in FIG. FIG. 24 shows a case where the effective total impurity amount of the n-type high concentration region 45 is zero as a comparative example. From the results shown in FIG.
- the forward leakage current can be reduced by providing the n-type high concentration region 45. It was also confirmed that the forward leakage current can be reduced as the effective total impurity amount in the n-type high concentration region 45 increases.
- the forward leakage current exceeds the reverse breakdown voltage of over 600V. Of about 0.7 (A.U). Therefore, by setting the effective total impurity amount of the n-type high concentration 45 to zero or more and 3.0 ⁇ 10 11 cm ⁇ 2 or less, the reverse withstand voltage is set to the rated voltage or more, and the withstand voltage is lowered. The forward leakage current can be reduced.
- FIG. 25 is a characteristic diagram showing the charge resistance of the reverse blocking IGBT according to the second embodiment.
- the horizontal axis represents the amount of charge accumulated in the interlayer insulating film 48 that selectively covers the front surface of the substrate in the breakdown voltage structure region 100
- the vertical axis represents the reverse breakdown voltage when the reverse voltage is applied.
- the effective total impurity amount of the n-type high concentration region 45 is set to 1.0 ⁇ 10 11 cm ⁇ 2
- a device simulation is used in the interlayer insulating film 48.
- the reverse breakdown voltage was calculated by changing the amount of charge in various ways. The result is shown in FIG.
- the length of the breakdown voltage structure region 100 of the second embodiment is made substantially equal to the length of the breakdown voltage structure region of the comparative example.
- the breakdown voltage structure region 100 is simplified, and the length of the breakdown voltage structure region 100 can be made shorter than that of the comparative example.
- the first embodiment is also provided.
- the reverse breakdown voltage can be adjusted low so as to approach the rated voltage.
- the length of the breakdown voltage structure region can be shortened.
- by providing the n-type high concentration region it is possible to improve the charge resistance while shortening the length of the breakdown voltage structure region.
- the forward leakage current can be reduced by providing the n-type high concentration region.
- the non-punch through type reverse blocking IGBT can be configured by providing the n-type high concentration region in the vicinity of the p collector region inside the n ⁇ drift region. The vibration of the voltage waveform and current waveform does not vibrate.
- the manufacturing process can be simplified, and a reverse blocking IGBT can be manufactured at low cost.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
- the dimensions and surface concentration of each part are variously set according to required specifications.
- a trench gate MOS structure may be provided instead of the planar gate MOS structure.
- the semiconductor device according to the present invention is useful for a power semiconductor device used as a switching device of a power conversion circuit such as a matrix converter.
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Abstract
Description
実施の形態1にかかる半導体装置について、逆阻止IGBTを例に説明する。図1は、本発明の実施の形態1にかかる逆阻止IGBTの構成を示す断面図である。図1に示すように、この逆阻止IGBTは、n-ドリフト領域1aとなるFZシリコン基板(半導体基板)上に、活性領域200と、活性領域200の外側に設けられる耐圧構造領域100と、耐圧構造領域100の外側に設けられる分離部130とを備えている。半導体基板の厚さは、例えば600V耐圧クラスの逆阻止IGBTの特性に悪影響を及ぼさないためには、例えば90μm以上であればよく、n-ドリフト領域1aは80μm以上であればよい。活性領域200には、n-ドリフト領域1aの基板おもて面側に設けられたトレンチゲートMOS構造およびn-ドリフト領域1aの基板裏面側に設けられたpコレクタ領域10aおよびコレクタ電極11aを有する縦型の逆阻止IGBTが構成されている。トレンチゲートMOS構造の詳細な説明については後述する。
実施の形態2にかかる半導体装置について、逆阻止IGBTを例に説明する。図18は、本発明の実施の形態2にかかる逆阻止IGBTの構成を示す断面図である。図19は、図18の逆阻止IGBTの活性領域の構成を示す断面図である。図20は、図18の逆阻止IGBTの耐圧構造領域の構成を示す断面図である。実施の形態2にかかる逆阻止IGBTが実施の形態1にかかる逆阻止IGBTと異なる点は、nシェル領域に代えて、n-ドリフト領域1aの内部のpコレクタ領域10a近傍にn型高濃度領域45を設けた点である。
2、2a pベース領域
2b 基板裏面側のpベース領域
3、3a n+エミッタ領域
4、4a p+ボディ領域
5 第1トレンチ
5a 第2トレンチ
6、6a ゲート絶縁膜
7、7a ゲート電極
8、8a 絶縁膜、層間絶縁膜
8b フィールド絶縁膜
9、9a エミッタ電極
10、10a pコレクタ領域
11、11a コレクタ電極
12 nLCS領域
13 nシェル領域(第1シェル領域)
13a nシェル領域(第2シェル領域)
14 フィールドプレート
15 裏面側電極
20 pベース接合
21 コレクタ接合
21a 分離領域接合
31a 分離領域
100 耐圧構造領域
101 フィールドリミッティングリング
200 活性領域
Claims (13)
- 第1導電型の半導体基板からなるドリフト領域と、
前記半導体基板の一方の主面の表面層に選択的に設けられた第2導電型のベース領域と、
前記ベース領域の内部に選択的に設けられた第1導電型のエミッタ領域と、
前記半導体基板の一方の主面から前記エミッタ領域および前記ベース領域を貫通して前記ドリフト領域に達するトレンチと、
前記トレンチの内壁に沿って設けられた絶縁膜と、
前記トレンチの内部に前記絶縁膜を介して埋め込まれるゲート電極と、
前記エミッタ領域および前記ベース領域に接するエミッタ電極と、
前記ドリフト領域の内部に設けられ、前記ベース領域の前記ドリフト領域側に接する第1導電型のシェル領域と、
前記半導体基板の他方の主面の表面層に設けられた第2導電型のコレクタ領域と、
を備え、
前記シェル領域は、前記ドリフト領域よりも高い不純物濃度を有し、
前記シェル領域中の第1導電型の不純物の実効ドーズ量が5.0×1012cm-2以下であり、
前記ドリフト領域は、前記エミッタ電極を正極とする逆方向の定格電圧印加時に前記コレクタ領域から拡がる空乏層が前記シェル領域もしくは前記トレンチの底部のうち前記コレクタ領域に近い方に到達しない抵抗率を有することを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 前記シェル領域中の第1導電型の不純物の実効ドーズ量が4.0×1012cm-2以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記ドリフト領域と前記コレクタ領域との間に、漏れ電流を低減させるための、前記ドリフト領域よりも高い不純物濃度を有する第1導電型領域が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記ドリフト領域の外周端部に、前記半導体基板の一方の主面から前記コレクタ領域に達する第2導電型の分離領域をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記ドリフト領域は、前記エミッタ電極を正極とする逆方向の定格電圧印加時、前記コレクタ領域から前記ベース領域に向かって拡がる空乏層が前記ベース領域もしくは前記トレンチの底部のうち前記コレクタ領域に近い方に到達しない抵抗率を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置。
- 第1導電型の半導体基板からなるドリフト領域と、
前記半導体基板の一方の主面の表面層に選択的に設けられた第2導電型の第1ベース領域と、
前記第1ベース領域の内部に選択的に設けられた第1導電型の第1エミッタ領域と、
前記半導体基板の一方の主面から前記第1エミッタ領域および前記第1ベース領域を貫通して前記ドリフト領域に到達する第1トレンチと、
前記第1トレンチの内壁に沿って設けられた第1絶縁膜と、
前記第1トレンチの内部に前記第1絶縁膜を介して埋め込まれた第1ゲート電極と、
前記第1エミッタ領域および前記第1ベース領域に接するエミッタ電極と、
前記ドリフト領域の内部に設けられ、前記第1ベース領域の前記ドリフト領域側に接する第1導電型の第1シェル領域と、
前記半導体基板の他方の主面の表面層に選択的に設けられた第2導電型の第2ベース領域と、
前記第2ベース領域の内部に選択的に設けられた第1導電型の第2エミッタ領域と、
前記半導体基板の他方の主面から前記第2エミッタ領域および前記第2ベース領域を貫通して前記ドリフト領域に到達する第2トレンチと、
前記第2トレンチの内壁に沿って設けられた第2絶縁膜と、
前記第2トレンチの内部に前記第2絶縁膜を介して埋め込まれた第2ゲート電極と、
前記第2エミッタ領域および前記第2ベース領域に接する裏面電極と、
前記ドリフト領域の内部に設けられ、前記第2ベース領域の前記ドリフト領域側に接する第1導電型の第2シェル領域と、
を備え、
前記第1シェル領域および前記第2シェル領域は、前記ドリフト領域よりも高い不純物濃度を有し、
前記第1シェル領域および前記第2シェル領域中の第1導電型の不純物の実効ドーズ量が5.0×1012cm-2以下であり、
前記ドリフト領域は、前記エミッタ電極を正極とする逆方向の定格電圧印加時に前記第2ベース領域から拡がる空乏層が前記第1シェル領域または前記第1トレンチの底部のうち前記第2シェル領域に近い方に到達しない抵抗率を有することを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 前記第2シェル領域中の第1導電型の不純物の実効ドーズ量が4.0×1012cm-2以下であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記ドリフト領域は、前記エミッタ電極を正極とする逆方向の定格電圧印加時、前記第2ベース領域から前記第1ベース領域に向かって拡がる空乏層が前記第1ベース領域または前記第1トレンチの底部のうち前記第2シェル領域に近い方に到達しない抵抗率を有することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の半導体装置。
- 第1導電型の半導体基板からなる第1半導体領域と、
前記半導体基板の一方の主面の表面層に選択的に設けられた第2導電型の第2半導体領域と、
前記第2半導体領域の内部に選択的に設けられた、前記第1半導体領域よりも不純物濃度が高い第1導電型の第3半導体領域と、
前記第2半導体領域の、前記第3半導体領域と前記第1半導体領域とに挟まれた部分の表面上に絶縁膜を介して設けられた第1電極と、
前記第3半導体領域および前記第2半導体領域に接する第2電極と、
前記半導体基板の他方の主面の表面層に設けられた第2導電型の第4半導体領域と、
前記第4半導体領域に接する第3電極と、
前記第1半導体領域の内部の前記第4半導体領域側に設けられ、前記第4半導体領域の前記第1半導体領域側の少なくとも一部と対向する、前記第1半導体領域よりも不純物濃度が高い第1導電型の第5半導体領域と、
前記半導体基板の外周部に設けられた、前記半導体基板の一方の主面から前記第1半導体領域を貫通して前記第4半導体領域に達する第2導電型の第6半導体領域と、
を備え、
前記第5半導体領域中の第1導電型の不純物の総ドーズ量は2.0×1012cm-2以下であることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 第1導電型の半導体基板からなる第1半導体領域と、
前記半導体基板の一方の主面の表面層に選択的に設けられた第2導電型の第2半導体領域と、
前記第2半導体領域の内部に選択的に設けられた、前記第1半導体領域よりも不純物濃度が高い第1導電型の第3半導体領域と、
前記半導体基板の一方の主面から前記第3半導体領域および前記第2半導体領域を貫通して前記第1半導体領域に達するトレンチと、
前記トレンチの内壁に沿って設けられた絶縁膜と、
前記トレンチの内部に前記絶縁膜を介して埋め込まれる第1電極と、
前記第3半導体領域および前記第2半導体領域に接する第2電極と、
前記半導体基板の他方の主面の表面層に設けられた第2導電型の第4半導体領域と、
前記第4半導体領域に接する第3電極と、
前記第1半導体領域の内部の前記第4半導体領域側に設けられ、前記第4半導体領域の前記第1半導体領域側の少なくとも一部と対向する、前記第1半導体領域よりも不純物濃度が高い第1導電型の第5半導体領域と、
前記半導体基板の外周部に設けられた、前記半導体基板の一方の主面から前記第1半導体領域を貫通して前記第4半導体領域に達する第2導電型の第6半導体領域と、
を備え、
前記第5半導体領域中の第1導電型の不純物の総ドーズ量は2.0×1012cm-2以下であることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 前記第5半導体領域は、前記第4半導体領域の前記第1半導体領域側全面と対向することを特徴とする請求項9または10に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第2半導体領域、前記第3半導体領域、前記第4半導体領域、前記第1電極、前記第2電極および前記第3電極を有する活性領域と、
前記半導体基板の一方の主面の表面層に前記活性領域を囲むように設けられた複数の第2導電型の第7半導体領域を有する耐圧構造領域と、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項9または10に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第1半導体領域は、前記第2電極を正極とする逆方向の定格電圧印加時に前記第2半導体領域から前記第5半導体領域に向かって拡がる空乏層が前記第5半導体領域に到達しない抵抗率を有することを特徴とする請求項9または10に記載の半導体装置。
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