WO2013118661A1 - リチウムイオン電池およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン電池およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013118661A1 WO2013118661A1 PCT/JP2013/052417 JP2013052417W WO2013118661A1 WO 2013118661 A1 WO2013118661 A1 WO 2013118661A1 JP 2013052417 W JP2013052417 W JP 2013052417W WO 2013118661 A1 WO2013118661 A1 WO 2013118661A1
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- ion battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium ion battery in which a high capacity can be stably obtained and a method for producing the same.
- a lithium ion battery having a positive electrode mainly composed of a lithium oxide and a negative electrode mainly composed of a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions is expected as a secondary battery having a high energy density.
- this type of lithium ion battery has a problem that a high capacity cannot be obtained stably.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a charge / discharge cycle in a potential range not exceeding a predetermined potential, for example, a charge / discharge cycle in a range where the maximum potential in the predetermined potential range is 3.9 V or more and less than 4.6 V with respect to the lithium metal counter electrode.
- a technique is disclosed in which cycle durability is improved and high capacity is stably obtained by repeated oxidation treatments.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique in which cycle durability is improved and high capacity is stably obtained by charge / discharge pretreatment (oxidation treatment) that repeats a charge / discharge cycle in which a charge capacity (charged amount of electricity) is regulated. It is disclosed. Although these oxidation treatment methods have an effect of stably obtaining a high capacity, the effect is still insufficient.
- Li x M 1 y M 2 z O 2-d (where 1.16 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.32, 0.33 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.63, 0 .06 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.50, M 1 is a metal ion selected from Mn, Ti, Zr or a mixture thereof, and M 2 is a metal ion selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Mn or a mixture thereof.
- the lithium ion battery having a positive electrode mainly composed of lithium oxide and a negative electrode mainly composed of a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions cannot be stably obtained at a high capacity. was there.
- the object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to have a layered rock salt type structure, which has the chemical formula Li x M 1 y M 2 z O 2-d (where 1.16 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.32, 0.33).
- ⁇ y ⁇ 0.63, 0.06 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.50 M 1 is a metal ion selected from Mn, Ti, or Zr or a mixture thereof, and M 2 is selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Mn
- a lithium ion battery having a positive electrode mainly composed of a lithium oxide represented by (2) and a negative electrode mainly composed of a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a lithium ion battery having a stable capacity and a method for producing the lithium ion battery.
- the present invention has a layered rock-salt structure and has a chemical formula Li x M 1 y M 2 z O 2-d (where 1.16 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.32, 0.33 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.63,. 06 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.50, M 1 is a metal ion selected from Mn, Ti, Zr or a mixture thereof, and M 2 is a metal ion selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Mn or a mixture thereof. ))
- a negative electrode mainly composed of a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, and the positive electrode contains peroxide ions (O 2 2 ⁇ ).
- the present invention relates to a lithium ion battery.
- this invention is a manufacturing method of said lithium ion battery, Comprising: It carries out charge / discharge at the temperature of 10 degrees C or less, and raises temperature after that, and the peroxide ion (
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a lithium ion battery, comprising a step of generating O 2 2 ⁇ ).
- the present invention relates to an oxidation treatment method for a lithium ion battery, characterized in that charging / discharging is performed at a temperature of 10 ° C. or lower, and then charging / discharging is performed by increasing the temperature.
- the present invention has a layered rock salt structure and has the chemical formula Li x M 1 y M 2 z O 2-d (where 1.16 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.32, 0.33 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.63, 0.06 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.50, M 1 is a metal ion selected from Mn, Ti, Zr or a mixture thereof, and M 2 is a metal ion selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Mn or a mixture thereof.
- a negative electrode mainly composed of a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, and a lithium ion battery capable of stably obtaining a high capacity, and its A manufacturing method can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a Raman spectrum of lithium ion batteries of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- the lithium ion battery of the present invention has a layered rock-salt structure and has a chemical formula Li x M 1 y M 2 z O 2-d (where 1.16 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.32, 0.33 ⁇ y ⁇ 0. 63, 0.06 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.50, M 1 is a metal ion selected from Mn, Ti, Zr or a mixture thereof, and M 2 is a metal ion selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Mn or the like And a negative electrode mainly composed of a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions. And the peroxide ion is contained in the positive electrode.
- a lithium ion battery in which peroxide ions are contained in the positive electrode can stably obtain a higher capacity than a battery in which peroxide ions are not contained.
- the upper limit voltage of the positive electrode during charging is fixed to 4.6 V or higher in terms of lithium metal ratio, charging and discharging are performed at a low temperature of 10 ° C. or lower, and then the temperature is increased.
- charging and discharging are performed at a low temperature of 10 ° C. or lower, and then the temperature is increased.
- peroxide ions are generated in the positive electrode.
- this material can be activated while suppressing the structural deterioration of the lithium oxide that is the main component of the positive electrode, and a highly stable lithium ion battery can be provided.
- the oxidation treatment method for generating peroxide ions in the positive electrode is not particularly limited.
- the presence of peroxide ions in the positive electrode can be confirmed, for example, by observing a peak derived from the stretching mode of peroxide ions at a position of 737 cm ⁇ 1 in the Raman spectrum of the positive electrode. Note that, when a clear peak is not observed at a position of 737 cm ⁇ 1 , it is determined that no peroxide ion is contained in the positive electrode.
- the presence of peroxide ions in the positive electrode can also be confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a peak derived from peroxide ions is observed near a binding energy of 532 eV in the oxygen 1s spectrum.
- the positive electrode has a layered rock salt structure, and has the chemical formula Li x M 1 y M 2 z O 2-d (where 1.16 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.32, 0.33 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.63, 0.06 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.50, M 1 is a metal ion selected from Mn, Ti, Zr or a mixture thereof, and M 2 is a metal ion selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Mn Or a mixture thereof.)
- the main component is a lithium oxide represented by the formula ( 1 ), and the positive electrode contains peroxide ions (O 2 2 ⁇ ).
- Elements constituting the battery for example, materials constituting the positive electrode other than those described above, materials constituting the negative electrode, materials constituting the separator and the electrolytic solution are not particularly limited, and battery structures such as a stacked type and a wound type are also included. Is not particularly limited.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a lithium ion battery having a laminated structure, which is an embodiment of the lithium ion battery of the present invention.
- This lithium-ion battery having a laminated structure has a layered rock salt structure, and has a chemical formula Li x M 1 y M 2 z O 2-d (where 1.16 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.32, 0.33 ⁇ y ⁇ 0 .63, 0.06 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.50, M 1 is a metal ion selected from Mn, Ti, Zr or a mixture thereof, M 2 is a metal ion selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, or
- a positive electrode 1 having a lithium oxide as a main component, a positive electrode current collector 1A, a negative electrode 2 having a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, a negative electrode current collector 2A, and electrolysis.
- a porous film separator 3 containing a liquid, an exterior body 4, a positive electrode
- FIG. 1 shows a lithium ion battery in which the power generation element is a laminated type, the appearance is a square type, and the exterior body is a laminated film, but the shape is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known shape is shown. Can be.
- Examples of power generation elements include a wound type, a folded type, and the like in addition to a laminated type, but a laminated type is desirable because of its excellent heat dissipation.
- Examples of the external appearance of the lithium ion battery include a cylindrical shape, a coin shape, and a sheet shape in addition to the square shape.
- an aluminum laminate film can be suitably used as the exterior body 4, but is not particularly limited, and a lithium ion battery can be configured using a conventionally known material.
- the shape of the outer package 4 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those sealed with a metal case, a resin case or the like in addition to the film shape.
- a material of the exterior body 4 for example, a metal material such as iron or aluminum, a plastic material, a glass material, or a composite material obtained by laminating them can be used.
- an aluminum laminate film obtained by laminating aluminum and a polymer film such as nylon or polypropylene is preferable because the degassing operation after the oxidation treatment can be easily performed.
- the positive electrode 1 of the lithium ion battery of the present invention has a layered rock salt structure and has a chemical formula Li x M 1 y M 2 z O 2-d (where 1.16 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.32, 0.33 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.63, 0.06 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.50, M 1 is a metal ion selected from Mn, Ti, Zr or a mixture thereof, M 2 is a metal selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Mn An ion or a mixture thereof)).
- the composition of the lithium oxide is not particularly limited.
- M 1 is preferably Mn because a high capacity can be obtained, and is preferably a mixture of Mn and Ti from the viewpoint of further improving the stability.
- M 2 is preferably Fe because of its low cost, and is preferably a mixture of Fe and Ni from the viewpoint of further improving the stability.
- the oxygen deficiency d of the lithium oxide is usually almost zero, but a deviation of about ⁇ 0.05 may occur depending on the synthesis method and the positive electrode composition. Li may also deviate from the stoichiometric composition depending on the synthesis method and the positive electrode composition.
- the lithium oxide in the present invention is preferably one in which a broad peak appears in a region of 20-24 ° when measured by an X-ray powder diffraction method from the viewpoint of obtaining a high capacity.
- the positive electrode 1 of the lithium ion battery of the present invention usually contains such a lithium oxide and a binder, and further contains a conductivity imparting agent as necessary.
- any conventionally known binder can be used.
- polyvinylidene fluoride polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- styrene-butadiene copolymer polymerized rubber, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile and the like can be mentioned.
- any conventionally known conductivity imparting agent can be used.
- the content of lithium oxide in the positive electrode 1 can be arbitrarily adjusted. If the lithium oxide content is 50% by weight or more based on the total weight of the positive electrode, a sufficient capacity is usually obtained, and if a larger capacity is desired, 70% by weight or more, particularly 85% by weight. The above is preferable.
- the thickness of the positive electrode can be adjusted arbitrarily. If the thickness of the positive electrode is 20 ⁇ m or more, usually a sufficient capacity can be obtained, and if it is desired to obtain a larger capacity, it is preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, particularly 70 ⁇ m or more.
- the positive electrode current collector 1A any conventionally known positive electrode current collector can be used.
- a perforated aluminum foil can be suitably used.
- the material of the positive electrode current collector 1A include aluminum, an aluminum alloy, and stainless steel.
- the shape of the positive electrode current collector 1A a foil, a flat plate, or a mesh can be used.
- the positive electrode current collector 1A is preferably provided with holes penetrating the front and back surfaces in order to improve the gas permeability generated in the battery in the thickness direction of the battery. For example, expanded metal, punching metal, metal It is desirable to use a net, a foam, or a porous foil provided with through holes by etching.
- the negative electrode 2 of the lithium ion battery of the present invention is mainly composed of a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, and usually includes a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions and a binder, and further required. Accordingly, a conductivity imparting agent is included.
- the material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions contained in the negative electrode 2 is not particularly limited in particle size or material.
- the material include graphite such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, hard carbon and activated carbon, carbon materials, conductive polymers such as polyacene, polyacetylene, polyphenylene, polyaniline and polypyrrole, lithium metal such as silicon, tin and aluminum.
- Examples include alloy materials that form alloys, lithium oxides such as lithium titanate, and lithium metal. Further, these carbon materials or alloy materials forming an alloy with lithium metal may be doped with lithium ions in advance.
- any conventionally known binder can be used.
- polyvinylidene fluoride polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- examples include copolymer rubber, polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyacrylonitrile.
- any conventionally known conductivity imparting agent can be used, and examples thereof include carbon black, ketjen black, acetylene black, furnace black, carbon nanotube, and metal powder.
- the content of the material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions in the negative electrode 2 can be arbitrarily adjusted. If the content of the material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions is 70% by weight or more with respect to the whole weight of the negative electrode, usually a sufficient capacity can be obtained, and if a larger capacity is desired, 80% by weight or more. In particular, it is preferably 90% by weight or more.
- the thickness of the negative electrode can be adjusted arbitrarily. If the thickness of the negative electrode is 30 ⁇ m or more, a sufficient capacity is usually obtained, and if a larger capacity is desired, it is preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, particularly 70 ⁇ m or more.
- any conventionally known negative electrode current collector can be used, and for example, a perforated copper foil can be suitably used.
- the material of the negative electrode current collector 2A include copper, nickel, and stainless steel.
- a foil, a flat plate, or a mesh can be used.
- those having holes penetrating the front and back surfaces are preferable. For example, expanded metal, punching metal, metal It is desirable to use a net, a foam, or a porous foil provided with through holes by etching.
- the lithium ion battery of the present invention usually includes an electrolyte between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2.
- the lithium ion battery shown in FIG. 1 includes a porous film separator 3 containing an electrolytic solution as an electrolyte.
- the electrolyte is used to transport charge carriers between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, and generally has an electrolyte ion conductivity of 10 ⁇ 5 to 10 ⁇ 1 S / cm at room temperature. It is done.
- any conventionally known electrolyte can be used.
- an electrolytic solution in which an electrolyte salt (supporting salt) is dissolved in a solvent can be used.
- Examples of the supporting salt include LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiC. (C 2 F 5 SO 2) include lithium salts 3 or the like.
- Examples of the solvent used for the electrolytic solution include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, sulfolane, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, Examples thereof include an organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, a sulfuric acid aqueous solution and water. These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the concentration of the electrolyte salt is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 1M.
- a solid electrolyte can also be used as the electrolyte.
- organic solid electrolyte materials include vinylidene fluoride polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride and vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymers, and acrylonitriles such as acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate copolymers and acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate copolymers.
- the polymer include polyethylene oxide. These polymer materials may be used in the form of a gel containing an electrolytic solution, or only the polymer material may be used as it is.
- examples of the inorganic solid electrolyte include CaF 2 , AgI, LiF, ⁇ -alumina, and a lithium-containing glass material.
- the separator 3 is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and plays a role of conducting only ions without conducting electrons.
- any conventionally known separator such as a polyolefin porous membrane can be used, and examples thereof include polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene, and porous films such as a fluororesin.
- the active material contained in the positive electrode 1 is represented by the chemical formula Li 1.19 Mn 0.52 Fe 0.22 O 1.98 having a layered rock salt structure.
- the positive electrode 1 is composed of 85% by weight of the above lithium iron manganese composite oxide, 6% by weight of ketjen black, 3% by weight of vapor-grown carbon fiber, and It consists of 6% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the thickness of the positive electrode 1 is 35 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode current collector 1A is made of a perforated aluminum foil.
- the active material contained in the negative electrode 2 is artificial graphite having an average particle size of 15 ⁇ m, and the negative electrode 2 is composed of 90% by weight artificial graphite, 1% by weight ketjen black, and 9% by weight polyfluorine. It consists of vinylidene chloride.
- the thickness of the negative electrode 2 is 48 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode current collector 2A is made of a copper foil having holes.
- the positive electrode lead tab 1B for taking out electricity can be an aluminum plate and the negative electrode lead tab 2B can be a nickel plate.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- the outer package 4 is an aluminum laminate film, specifically, a laminate material in which an aluminum foil is sandwiched between oriented nylon and polypropylene resin.
- a material as described above is used, and a lithium ion battery is assembled by a conventionally known method, followed by an oxidation treatment to generate peroxide ions (O 2 2 ⁇ ) in the positive electrode. .
- the method of oxidation treatment for generating peroxide ions in the positive electrode after the oxidation treatment is not particularly limited. However, since it is easy to generate peroxide ions, charging and discharging are performed at a low temperature of 10 ° C. or lower, and thereafter An oxidation treatment method in which charging / discharging is performed by increasing the temperature is preferable. Furthermore, it is preferable that the upper limit voltage of the positive electrode during charging is fixed. In this case, the upper limit voltage of the positive electrode is fixed at 4.6 V or more in terms of the lithium metal ratio because the oxidation treatment can be sufficiently performed. It is preferable that the voltage is fixed at 4.7 V or higher.
- the upper limit voltage of the positive electrode during charging is fixed to 4.6 V or more in terms of lithium metal, and charging and discharging are performed at a temperature of ⁇ 30 to 10 ° C. in the first charging and discharging cycle. Thereafter, charging and discharging are performed 2 to 50 times while increasing the temperature stepwise, and in the final charging and discharging cycle, charging and discharging are performed at a temperature of 10 to 60 ° C., so that peroxide ions (O 2 2 ⁇ ) can occur.
- the manufactured lithium ion battery (before oxidation treatment) is charged to 4.8 V at a constant current of 20 mA / g, and further charged at a constant voltage of 4.8 V until a current of 5 mA / g is reached.
- the oxidation treatment is carried out by repeating twice under.
- the lithium ion battery after the oxidation treatment can break the sealing portion and depressurize it to remove the gas inside the battery, and then re-seal the lithium ion battery of the present invention.
- a negative electrode current collector comprising an ink containing 90% by weight of artificial graphite having an average particle size of 15 ⁇ m, 1% by weight of ketjen black and 9% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride, and a perforated mesh copper foil (thickness: 28 ⁇ m).
- the negative electrode 1 having a thickness of 48 ⁇ m was prepared by coating and drying on 2A.
- a double-sided electrode in which the negative electrode 2 was applied to both sides of the negative electrode current collector 2A and dried was also produced in the same manner.
- ⁇ Oxidation process About the produced lithium ion battery before the oxidation treatment, it was charged to 4.8 V at a constant current of 20 mA / g, and further charged at a constant voltage of 4.8 V until reaching a current of 5 mA / g, and then 20 mA / g. A cycle of discharging to 2.0 V at a current of 2 times in a 0 ° C. thermostat, twice in a 10 ° C. thermostat, twice in a 20 ° C. thermostat, and twice in a 30 ° C. thermostat The oxidation treatment was performed by repeating. And about the lithium ion battery after an oxidation process, the lithium ion battery in this invention was produced by releasing the gas inside a battery by breaking a sealing part once and reducing pressure, and resealing.
- Example 2 The lithium oxide Li 1.19 Mn 0.52 Fe 0.22 O 1.98 having a layered rock salt type structure used in Example 1 was replaced by Li 1.21 Mn 0.46 Fe 0.15 Ni 0.15 O. A lithium ion battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1.99 was used.
- Example 3 Lithium oxide Li 1.19 Mn 0.52 Fe 0.22 O 1.98 having a layered rock salt structure used in Example 1 was replaced by Li 1.19 Mn 0.37 Ti 0.15 Fe 0.21 O. A lithium ion battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1.97 was used.
- ⁇ Comparative example 2 About the lithium ion battery before the oxidation process produced by the same method as in Example 2, it is charged to 4.8 V at a constant current of 20 mA / g, and further charged at a constant voltage of 4.8 V until a current of 5 mA / g is reached. Subsequently, the oxidation treatment was performed by repeating the cycle of discharging to 2.0 V at a current of 20 mA / g four times in a thermostatic bath at 30 ° C. And about the lithium ion battery after an oxidation process, the sealing part was once broken and pressure was reduced, the gas inside a battery was extracted, and the lithium ion battery was produced by resealing.
- Another lithium ion battery produced by the above method was charged to 4.8 V at a constant current of 40 mA / g in a constant temperature bath at 30 ° C., and further maintained at a constant voltage of 4.8 V until a current of 5 mA / g was obtained. Then, the battery was continuously charged, and then discharged to 2.0 V at a current of 5 mA / g to obtain an initial capacity. Furthermore, the lithium ion battery after the initial capacity measurement is charged to 4.8 V at a constant current of 40 mA / g in a constant temperature bath at 30 ° C., and further charged at a constant voltage of 4.8 V until a current of 5 mA / g is reached.
- the charge / discharge cycle of discharging to 2.0 V at a current of 40 mA / g was repeated 20 times, and the capacity after 20 cycles was determined from the capacity obtained at the first cycle and the discharge capacity ratio obtained at the 20th cycle.
- the maintenance rate was determined.
- Table 1 summarizes the positive electrode active material used in each example and comparative example, the presence or absence of peroxide ions obtained from the Raman spectrum, the initial capacity obtained by the evaluation, the capacity retention rate after 20 cycles, and the oxidation treatment method. .
- Example 1 From the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, it was found that high capacity can be stably obtained by performing oxidation treatment in which peroxide ions are generated.
- Example 2 the effect of the present invention is not only when Li 1.19 Mn 0.52 Fe 0.22 O 1.98 is used as the positive electrode active material, but Li 1 .21 Mn 0.46 Fe 0.15 Ni 0.15 O 1.99 was found to occur even when used.
- Example 3 the effect of the present invention was obtained even when Li 1.19 Mn 0.37 Ti 0.15 Fe 0.21 O 1.97 was used as the positive electrode active material. I found it to happen.
- the lithium ion battery of the present invention can stably obtain a high capacity, it can be widely used as an electronic device, an electric vehicle, a storage battery for power storage in general households and facilities, and the like.
Abstract
Description
<正極作製>
層状岩塩型構造を有するリチウム酸化物Li1.19Mn0.52Fe0.22O1.98を85重量%、ケッチェンブラックを6重量%、気相成長炭素繊維を3重量%、ポリフッ化ビニリデンを6重量%含むインクを、孔の空いたメッシュ状のアルミニウム箔(厚み38μm)からなる正極集電体1A上に塗布・乾燥し、厚み35μmからなる正極1を作製した。正極集電体1Aの両面に正極1を塗布し乾燥させた両面電極も同様に作製した。
平均粒径15μmの人造黒鉛を90重量%、ケッチェンブラックを1重量%、ポリフッ化ビニリデンを9重量%含むインクを、孔の空いたメッシュ状の銅箔(厚み28μm)からなる負極集電体2A上に塗布・乾燥し、厚み48μmからなる負極1を作製した。負極集電体2Aの両面に負極2を塗布し乾燥させた両面電極も同様に作製した。
上記方法で作製した正極1、正極集電体1Aおよび負極2、負極集電体2Aを成形した後、多孔質のフィルムセパレータ3を挟んで積層し、それぞれ正極タブ1Bおよび負極タブ2Bと溶接することで発電要素を作製した。本発電要素をアルミラミネートフィルムからなる外装体で包み、3方を熱融着により封止した後、電解質として1.0MのLiPF6を含むEC/DMCの混合溶媒(混合体積比EC/DMC=4/6)の電解液を適度な真空度にて含浸させた。その後、減圧下にて残りの1方を熱融着封止し、酸化処理前のリチウムイオン電池を作製した。
作製した酸化処理前のリチウムイオン電池について、20mA/gの定電流で4.8Vまで充電し、さらに5mA/gの電流になるまで4.8Vの定電圧で充電を続け、その後、20mA/gの電流で2.0Vまで放電するサイクルを0℃の恒温槽中で2回、10℃の恒温槽中で2回、20℃の恒温槽中で2回、30℃の恒温槽中で2回繰り返すことにより酸化処理を行った。そして、酸化処理後のリチウムイオン電池について、一旦封口部を破り減圧することで電池内部のガスを抜き、更に再封口することにより、本発明におけるリチウムイオン電池を作製した。
実施例1において使用した、層状岩塩型構造を有するリチウム酸化物Li1.19Mn0.52Fe0.22O1.98をLi1.21Mn0.46Fe0.15Ni0.15O1.99に置き換え、その他は実施例1と同じ方法でリチウムイオン電池を作製した。
実施例1において使用した、層状岩塩型構造を有するリチウム酸化物Li1.19Mn0.52Fe0.22O1.98をLi1.19Mn0.37Ti0.15Fe0.21O1.97に置き換え、その他は実施例1と同じ方法でリチウムイオン電池を作製した。
実施例1と同じ方法で作製した酸化処理前のリチウムイオン電池について、20mA/gの定電流で4.8Vまで充電し、さらに5mA/gの電流になるまで4.8Vの定電圧で充電を続け、その後、20mA/gの電流で2.0Vまで放電するサイクルを30℃の恒温槽中で4回繰り返すことにより酸化処理を行った。そして、酸化処理後のリチウムイオン電池について、一旦封口部を破り減圧することで電池内部のガスを抜き、更に再封口することによりリチウムイオン電池を作製した。
実施例2と同じ方法で作製した酸化処理前のリチウムイオン電池について、20mA/gの定電流で4.8Vまで充電し、さらに5mA/gの電流になるまで4.8Vの定電圧で充電を続け、その後、20mA/gの電流で2.0Vまで放電するサイクルを30℃の恒温槽中で4回繰り返すことにより酸化処理を行った。そして、酸化処理後のリチウムイオン電池について、一旦封口部を破り減圧することで電池内部のガスを抜き、更に再封口することによりリチウムイオン電池を作製した。
実施例3と同じ方法で作製した酸化処理前のリチウムイオン電池について、20mA/gの定電流で4.8Vまで充電し、さらに5mA/gの電流になるまで4.8Vの定電圧で充電を続け、その後、20mA/gの電流で2.0Vまで放電するサイクルを30℃の恒温槽中で4回繰り返すことにより酸化処理を行った。そして、酸化処理後のリチウムイオン電池について、一旦封口部を破り減圧することで電池内部のガスを抜き、更に再封口することによりリチウムイオン電池を作製した。
上記方法で作製したリチウムイオン電池を乾燥雰囲気中で開封して正極を取り出し、DMCで洗浄した後に乾燥させ、ラマンスペクトルにより分析を行った。実施例1および比較例1のラマンスペクトルを図2に示す。実施例1で得られたラマンスペクトルでは、737cm-1の位置に過酸化物イオンの伸縮モードに由来するピークが観測されたが、比較例1では明確なピークが観測されなかった。本発明においては、このピークの有無により、過酸化物イオンの有無を判断した。
各実施例および比較例で用いた正極活物質材料、ラマンスペクトルから求めた過酸化物イオンの有無、評価で得られた初期容量、20サイクル後の容量維持率、酸化処理方法を表1にまとめる。
1A 正極集電体
1B 正極タブ
2 負極
2A 負極集電体
2B 負極タブ
3 セパレータ
4 外装体
Claims (10)
- 層状岩塩型構造を有し、化学式LixM1 yM2 zO2-d(但し、1.16≦x≦1.32、0.33≦y≦0.63、0.06≦z≦0.50であり、M1はMn,Ti,Zrから選択される金属イオンもしくはそれらの混合物、M2はFe,Co,Ni,Mnから選ばれる金属イオンもしくはそれらの混合物である。)で示されるリチウム酸化物を主成分とする正極と、リチウムイオンを吸蔵放出可能な材料を主成分とする負極とを有し、
正極中に過酸化物イオン(O2 2-)が含まれることを特徴とするリチウムイオン電池。 - 前記M1がMnもしくはMnとTiの混合物、前記M2がFeもしくはFeとNiの混合物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン電池。
- 前記正極が酸化処理されたものであり、酸化処理後の正極中に過酸化物イオン(O2 2-)が含まれることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のリチウムイオン電池。
- 10℃以下の温度下で充放電を行い、その後温度を上昇させて充放電を行うことにより、前記酸化処理を行うことを特徴とする請求項3に記載のリチウムイオン電池。
- 前記酸化処理において、充電時における正極の上限電圧がリチウム金属比で4.6V以上に固定されていることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のリチウムイオン電池。
- 前記負極が、黒鉛を主成分とすることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン電池。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン電池の製造方法であって、
10℃以下の温度下で充放電を行い、その後温度を上昇させて充放電を行う酸化処理によって正極中に過酸化物イオン(O2 2-)を生じさせる工程を含むことを特徴とするリチウムイオン電池の製造方法。 - 前記酸化処理において、充電時における正極の上限電圧がリチウム金属比で4.6V以上に固定されていることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のリチウムイオン電池の製造方法。
- 10℃以下の温度下で充放電を行い、その後温度を上昇させて充放電を行うことを特徴とするリチウムイオン電池の酸化処理方法。
- 充電時における正極の上限電圧がリチウム金属比で4.6V以上に固定されていることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のリチウムイオン電池の酸化処理方法。
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