WO2022244046A1 - 非水系電解液及びそれを用いた非水系電解液二次電池 - Google Patents
非水系電解液及びそれを用いた非水系電解液二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022244046A1 WO2022244046A1 PCT/JP2021/018585 JP2021018585W WO2022244046A1 WO 2022244046 A1 WO2022244046 A1 WO 2022244046A1 JP 2021018585 W JP2021018585 W JP 2021018585W WO 2022244046 A1 WO2022244046 A1 WO 2022244046A1
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- carbon atoms
- aqueous electrolyte
- electrolytic solution
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 sulfone compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 143
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YTZKOQUCBOVLHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 YTZKOQUCBOVLHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910019398 NaPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001545 sodium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001542 sodium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Inorganic materials [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001495 sodium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OQHXCCQBSGTCGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,5-oxadithiolane 2,2,5,5-tetraoxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCS(=O)(=O)O1 OQHXCCQBSGTCGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCO1 ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5,2,4-dioxadithiane 2,2,4,4-tetraoxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CS(=O)(=O)OCO1 GWAOOGWHPITOEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GKFGCJGPBOCQQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentafluoro-1,3,5-triaza-2lambda5,4,6lambda5-triphosphacyclohex-5-ene Chemical compound C(C)OP1(N(P(=NPN1)(F)F)F)(F)F GKFGCJGPBOCQQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FOLJHXWWJYUOJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethynyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OCC(C#C)O1 FOLJHXWWJYUOJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXTRGXMFFGBWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CCCC1COS(=O)(=O)O1 PXTRGXMFFGBWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KLLQVNFCMHPYGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5h-oxathiole 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCC=C1 KLLQVNFCMHPYGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010092 LiAlO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001559 LiC4F9SO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000552 LiCF3SO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PMGNOQUKCGLETL-TYYBGVCCSA-N carbonic acid;(e)-1,2-difluoroethene Chemical compound OC(O)=O.F\C=C\F PMGNOQUKCGLETL-TYYBGVCCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound [CH]1CCCC[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical compound [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001537 lithium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KNWQLFOXPQZGPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonyl fluoride Chemical compound CS(F)(=O)=O KNWQLFOXPQZGPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonyl difluoride Chemical group CP(F)(F)=O PQIOSYKVBBWRRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- YZYKZHPNRDIPFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) borate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OB(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C YZYKZHPNRDIPFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QHTJSSMHBLGUHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 QHTJSSMHBLGUHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- DGTVXEHQMSJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-M difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [O-]P(F)(F)=O DGTVXEHQMSJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-fluorosulfonylsulfamoyl fluoride Chemical class FS(=O)(=O)NS(F)(=O)=O KTQDYGVEEFGIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical class OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001538 sodium tetrachloroaluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 122
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 21
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 15
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- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 125000003302 alkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 13
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- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 12
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 12
- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 10
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 10
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 10
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000004465 cycloalkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 9
- 125000004206 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 8
- 125000005336 allyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000004793 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group Chemical group FC(CO*)(F)F 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 7
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- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000004778 2,2-difluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C([H])(F)F 0.000 description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 6
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- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000006017 1-propenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002088 tosyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000319 transition metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003652 trifluoroethoxy group Chemical group FC(CO*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000004205 trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the same.
- Non-aqueous electrolytes are no exception, and various additives form a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) at the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte to prevent deterioration due to the decomposition of the electrolyte on the surfaces of the active positive and negative electrodes. Suppression is proposed.
- SEI solid electrolyte interface
- an electrolyte is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent as a non-aqueous electrolyte that can constitute a lithium battery having excellent battery characteristics such as cycle characteristics, battery capacity, storage characteristics, and conductivity.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a novel non-aqueous electrolytic solution and a non-aqueous electrolytic solution secondary battery using the same, which can suppress an increase in initial resistance.
- the present inventors have made intensive studies in view of such problems, and found that an increase in initial resistance can be suppressed by using a nitrile compound having a specific structure in a non-aqueous electrolytic solution containing a solute and a non-aqueous organic solvent.
- the discovery led to the present invention. That is, the inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by the following configuration.
- At least ( II ) is selected from the group consisting of LiPF6 , LiBF4 , LiSbF6 , LiAsF6 , LiClO4, LiCF3SO3 , LiC4F9SO3 , LiAlO2 , LiAlCl4 , LiCl , and LiI one or at least one selected from the group consisting of NaPF6 , NaBF4 , NaSbF6 , NaAsF6 , NaClO4 , NaCF3SO3 , NaC4F9SO3 , NaAlO2 , NaAlCl4 , NaCl and NaI
- the non-aqueous electrolytic solution according to any one of [1] to [3] above.
- difluoro(oxalato)borate bis(oxalato)borate, tetrafluoro(oxalato)phosphate, difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate, tris(oxalato)phosphate, difluorophosphate, fluoro Sulfonates, bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide salts, vinylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate oligomers (polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight of 170 to 5000), vinylethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, 1,6-diisocyanatohexane, ethynyl Ethylene carbonate, trans-difluoroethylene carbonate, propanesultone, propenesultone, 1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4-propyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, m
- non-aqueous electrolytic solution according to any one of [1] to [8] above, which is used in a non-aqueous electrolytic secondary battery having a current collector containing copper.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and the nonaqueous electrolyte according to any one of [1] to [9] above.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present disclosure contains (I) a compound represented by the following general formula [1a], (II) a solute, and (III) a non-aqueous organic solvent.
- the mechanism by which the use of the compound represented by the general formula [1a] in a non-aqueous electrolyte can suppress the increase in initial resistance when used in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is not clear, but the present invention They presume as follows.
- the compound represented by the general formula [1a] is considered to partially decompose at the interface between the positive electrode and the electrolyte solution and the interface between the negative electrode and the electrolyte solution to form a film.
- This film not only has the effect of suppressing direct contact between the non-aqueous organic solvent or solute and the active material to prevent decomposition of the non-aqueous organic solvent or solute, but also has the conductivity of cations such as lithium ions and sodium ions. It is presumed to suppress the increase in initial resistance.
- the initial resistance is the resistance of the cell after conditioning the cell under arbitrary conditions, and the smaller the resistance value, the better.
- X represents a halogen atom.
- Halogen atoms represented by X include, for example, a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom. Among them, a fluorine atom is preferable from the viewpoint that the battery resistance becomes lower.
- R represents a -CN group or -OCN group.
- M + represents an alkali metal ion.
- Alkali metal ions represented by M + include lithium ions, sodium ions, and potassium ions, preferably lithium ions or sodium ions, more preferably lithium ions in the case of lithium ion batteries, and more preferably in the case of sodium ion batteries. is more preferably sodium ion.
- the compounds represented by general formula [1a] may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the concentration of the compound represented by the general formula [1a] in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution is preferably 0.01 to 5.00% by mass with respect to the total amount of the electrolytic solution, and 0.1 to 2.0 mass. % is more preferred.
- concentration of the compound represented by the general formula [1a] is 0.01% by mass or more, the effect of suppressing an increase in initial resistance in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be easily obtained.
- the film formed on the electrode does not become too thick, which hardly leads to an increase in resistance.
- the compound represented by general formula [1a] can be produced by various methods.
- the manufacturing method is not particularly limited. For example, a method of reacting the corresponding halogenated sulfonyl isocyanate with the corresponding cyanide salt or cyanate in the absence of solvent or in a solvent that does not react with them can be mentioned.
- solute of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present disclosure include LiPF6 , LiBF4 , LiSbF6 , LiAsF6 , LiClO4, LiCF3SO3 in the case of lithium batteries and lithium ion batteries .
- LiPF6 , LiBF4 , LiSbF6 , LiAsF6 , LiClO4 , LiCF3SO3 , LiC4F9SO3 , LiAlO2 , LiAlCl4 , LiCl and LiI for lithium and lithium ion batteries
- At least one selected from the group is preferable, and in the case of a sodium ion battery, NaPF6 , NaBF4 , NaSbF6 , NaAsF6 , NaClO4 , NaCF3SO3 , NaC4F9SO3 , NaAlO2 , NaAlCl 4 , NaCl, and NaI.
- LiPF 6 as the above (II), considering the energy density, output characteristics, life, etc. of the battery.
- the other (II) components include LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 and LiC 4 F. At least one selected from the group consisting of 9 SO 3 , LiAlO 2 , LiAlCl 4 , LiCl, and LiI is preferably used.
- NaPF 6 as (II) above.
- NaBF4 , NaSbF6 , NaAsF6 , NaClO4 , NaCF3SO3 , NaC4F9SO3 are used as the other component (II).
- NaAlO 2 , NaAlCl 4 , NaCl, and NaI are used as the other component (II).
- the concentration of the solute is not particularly limited, but the preferred lower limit is 0.5 mol/L or more, preferably 0.7 mol/L or more, and more preferably 0.9 mol/L or more.
- the upper limit is 2.5 mol/L or less, preferably 2.0 mol/L or less, more preferably 1.5 mol/L or less.
- the liquid temperature when dissolving the solute in the non-aqueous organic solvent is not particularly limited, but is preferably -20 to 80°C, more preferably 0 to 60°C.
- Non-aqueous organic solvent (III)
- the type of non-aqueous organic solvent is not particularly limited, and any non-aqueous organic solvent can be used. Specific examples include the following non-aqueous organic solvents.
- Cyclic esters include propylene carbonate (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "PC"), ethylene carbonate (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "EC”), cyclic carbonates such as butylene carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone and the like.
- chain esters examples include diethyl carbonate (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “DEC”), dimethyl carbonate (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “DMC”), ethyl methyl carbonate (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “EMC” (sometimes referred to as “EP”), methyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “EP”), and the like.
- Cyclic ethers include tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane and the like.
- chain ethers examples include dimethoxyethane and diethyl ether.
- (III) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of cyclic esters, chain esters, cyclic ethers, chain ethers, sulfone compounds, sulfoxide compounds, and ionic liquids.
- (III) includes a cyclic ester, and one embodiment in which the cyclic ester is preferably a cyclic carbonate is exemplified.
- said (III) contains chain
- non-aqueous organic solvent used in the present disclosure may be used alone, or two or more of them may be mixed and used in any combination and ratio according to the application.
- propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and propion are particularly preferred from the viewpoint of electrochemical stability against redox and chemical stability involved in reaction with heat and the above-mentioned solutes.
- Methyl acid and ethyl propionate are preferred.
- the non-aqueous organic solvent contains one or more cyclic carbonates with a high dielectric constant and one or more chain carbonates with low liquid viscosity or chain esters other than chain carbonates
- the ionic conductivity of the electrolytic solution It is preferred because it increases the degree of Specifically, one containing the following combinations is more preferable.
- VC vinylene carbonate
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- 1,6-diisocyanatohexane ethynylethylene carbonate
- trans-difluoroethylene carbonate propanesultone, propenesultone, 1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide
- oligomer polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight of 170 to 5000
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- 1,6-diisocyanatohexane
- carboxylates such as lithium acrylate, sodium acrylate, lithium methacrylate, sodium methacrylate, and sulfuric acid ester salts such as lithium methyl sulfate, sodium methyl sulfate, lithium ethyl sulfate, and sodium methyl sulfate may be added. .
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries called lithium polymer batteries
- the non-aqueous electrolyte can be pseudo-solidified with a gelling agent or a cross-linked polymer.
- the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present disclosure is a compound represented by any one of the following general formulas [1] to [5], difluoro(oxalato)borate, bis(oxalato)borate, tetrafluoro(oxalato)phosphorus Acid salts, difluorobis(oxalato)phosphates, tris(oxalato)phosphates, difluorophosphates, fluorosulfonates and the like may be added.
- R a and R b are each independently a fluorine atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms optionally substituted by a halogen atom, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms optionally substituted by a halogen atom, Alkynyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted by halogen atoms, aryl groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted by halogen atoms, and 1 to 8 carbon atoms which may be substituted by halogen atoms an alkoxy group, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted by a halogen atom, an alkynyloxy group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted by a halogen atom, or substituted by a halogen atom represents an aryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, A represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom,
- "optionally substituted with a halogen atom” means that at least one hydrogen atom of an alkyl group or the like as R a or R b may be substituted with a halogen atom. do.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom for R a and R b in the general formula [1] includes, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoroethyl group and the like. Among them, a methyl group is preferred.
- the alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom for R a and R b in the general formula [1] includes, for example, a vinyl group, an allyl group, an isopropenyl group and a 1-butenyl group. , 2-butenyl group, 3-butenyl group, isobutenyl group, and 1,1-difluoro-1-propenyl group. Among them, an allyl group optionally substituted with a halogen atom is preferable.
- Examples of the alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom for R a and R b in the above general formula [1] include 1-propynyl group, 2-propynyl group and 1-butynyl group. , 2-butynyl group, and 3-butynyl group. Among them, a 2-propynyl group optionally substituted with a halogen atom is preferable.
- the aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom for R a and R b in the general formula [1] includes, for example, a phenyl group, a tosyl group, a xylyl group, a naphthyl group, a trifluoro Examples include a phenyl group and a pentafluorophenyl group.
- Examples of the alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom for R a and R b in the general formula [1] include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group and an isopropoxy group. , n-butoxy group, isobutoxy group, tert-butoxy group, trifluoromethoxy group, trifluoroethoxy group and the like. Among them, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is preferred, and a methoxy group is particularly preferred.
- the alkenyloxy group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom for R a and R b in the general formula [1] includes, for example, an allyloxy group, a 1-methyl-2-propenyloxy group, 2-methyl-2-propenyloxy group, 2-butenyloxy group, 3-butenyloxy group, propenyloxy group and the like. Among them, an alkenyloxy group or an allyloxy group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable.
- Examples of the alkynyloxy group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom for R a and R b in the general formula [1] include a 2-propynyloxy group, 1-methyl-2-propynyl oxy group, 2-methyl-2-propynyloxy group, 2-butynyloxy group, 3-butynyloxy group and the like. Among them, an alkynyloxy group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms or a 2-propynyloxy group is preferable.
- the aryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom for R a and R b in the general formula [1] includes, for example, a phenoxy group, a 2-methylphenoxy group, a 3-methylphenoxy group, 4-methylphenoxy group, 2-ethylphenoxy group, 3-ethylphenoxy group, 4-ethylphenoxy group, 2-methoxyphenoxy group, 3-methoxyphenoxy group, and 4-methoxyphenoxy group.
- a phenoxy group optionally substituted with a halogen atom is preferable.
- halogen atom of R a and R b in the general formula [1]
- a fluorine atom is preferable from the viewpoint of battery resistance.
- examples of the "halogen atom" represented by A in the general formula [1] include a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom. Among them, a fluorine atom is preferable from the viewpoint that the battery resistance becomes lower.
- Examples of the compound represented by the general formula [1] include 3-(difluorophosphinyloxy)tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide, 3-dimethylphosphinyloxytetrahydrothiophene-1,1-di oxide, 3-diethylphosphinyloxytetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide, 3-bis-trifluoromethylphosphinyloxytetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide, 3-diphenylphosphinyloxytetrahydrothiophene- 1,1-dioxide, 3-bis-allylphosphinyloxytetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide, 3-divinylphosphinyloxytetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide, 3-dipropargylphosphinyl Oxytetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide, 3-d
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a fluorine atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a linear chain having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or branched alkoxy groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyloxy groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkynyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkynyloxy groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkoxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkenyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkenyloxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and a cycloalkenyloxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- M m+ is an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth metal cation, or an onium cation; m represents the same integer as the valence of the corresponding cation. ]
- the organic group contains a fluorine atom means that at least one hydrogen atom of the organic group is replaced with a fluorine atom.
- An oxygen atom is present in the organic group means that an oxygen atom is included between at least one carbon-carbon bond of the organic group.
- An unsaturated bond is present in the organic group means that at least one carbon-carbon bond of the organic group is an unsaturated bond.
- the linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or 3 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 1 or R 2 includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, n -propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, trifluoromethyl group, 2,2-difluoroethyl group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, 1,1 , 2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl group, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl group, and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl group.
- a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group and a 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl group are preferred.
- linear or branched alkoxy groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or 3 to 10 carbon atoms include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, tert- butoxy group, pentyloxy group, 2,2-difluoroethoxy group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyloxy group, and 1,1,1,3,3, 3-hexafluoroisopropoxy group and the like.
- methoxy group 2,2-difluoroethoxy group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyloxy group, 1,1,1,3,3,3- A hexafluoroisopropoxy group is preferred.
- alkenyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms examples include vinyl groups, allyl groups, 1-propenyl groups, isopropenyl groups, 2-butenyl groups, and 1,3-butadienyl groups. Among them, a vinyl group is preferred.
- alkenyloxy groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms examples include vinyloxy groups, allyloxy groups, 1-propenyloxy groups, isopropenyloxy groups, 2-butenyloxy groups, and 1,3-butadienyloxy groups. Among them, an allyloxy group is preferred.
- alkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms examples include an ethynyl group, a 2-propynyl group, a 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl group, and the like.
- alkynyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms examples include an ethynyloxy group, a 2-propynyloxy group, a 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyloxy group, and the like. Among them, a 2-propynyloxy group is preferred.
- the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms includes a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and the like.
- the cycloalkoxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms includes a cyclopentyloxy group, a cyclohexyloxy group, and the like.
- the cycloalkenyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms includes a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and the like.
- the cycloalkenyloxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms includes a cyclopentenyloxy group, a cyclohexenyloxy group, and the like.
- Examples of the aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms include a phenyl group, a 2-fluorophenyl group, a pentafluorophenyl group, a tolyl group, and a xylyl group. Among them, a phenyl group, a 2-fluorophenyl group and a pentafluorophenyl group are preferred.
- Examples of the aryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms include a phenyloxy group, a 2-fluorophenyloxy group, a pentafluorophenyloxy group, a tolyloxy group, and a xylyloxy group. Among them, a phenyloxy group is preferred.
- the compound represented by the general formula [2] for example, the following compound No. 2-1 to No. 2-17 and the like.
- the compound represented by the general formula [2] used in the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
- R 1 is a fluorine atom and R 2 is a group other than a fluorine atom
- the group other than the fluorine atom has 6 or less carbon atoms which may contain a fluorine atom.
- a 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl group, and an alkoxy group, an alkenyloxy group, or an alkynyloxy group derived from these groups can exhibit well-balanced cycle characteristics and internal resistance characteristics. It is preferable because a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be obtained.
- the compound No. 2-1 to No. 2-17, compound No. 2-1, No. 2-2, No. 2-3, No. 2-6, No. 2-10, No. 2-11, No. 2-14, No. Compound No. 2-16 is more preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing an increase in internal resistance.
- 2-1, No. 2-2, No. 2-6, No. 2-10 is particularly preferred.
- R 3 to R 6 each independently represents a fluorine atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a linear chain having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or branched alkoxy groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyloxy groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkynyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkynyloxy groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkoxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkenyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkenyloxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and a cycloalkenyloxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- an organic group selected from an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and an aryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the organic group may contain a fluorine atom, an oxygen atom, a cyano group or an unsaturated bond; .
- at least one of R 3 to R 6 is a fluorine atom.
- M m+ and m are the same as in general formula [2]. ]
- the linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or 3 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 3 to R 6 include methyl group, ethyl group, n -propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, 2,2-difluoroethyl group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, 1,1,2,2, 2-pentafluoroethyl group, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl group, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl group and the like.
- linear or branched alkoxy groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or 3 to 10 carbon atoms include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, tert- butoxy group, pentyloxy group, 2,2-difluoroethoxy group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyloxy group, 1,1,1,3,3,3 -hexafluoroisopropoxy group, 2-cyanoethoxy group and the like.
- methoxy group, 2,2-difluoroethoxy group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropoxy group and 2-cyanoethoxy group are preferable.
- alkenyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms examples include vinyl groups, allyl groups, 1-propenyl groups, isopropenyl groups, 2-butenyl groups, and 1,3-butadienyl groups.
- alkenyloxy groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms examples include vinyloxy groups, allyloxy groups, 1-propenyloxy groups, isopropenyloxy groups, 2-butenyloxy groups, and 1,3-butadienyloxy groups. Among them, an allyloxy group is preferred.
- alkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms examples include an ethynyl group, a 2-propynyl group, a 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl group, and the like.
- alkynyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms examples include an ethynyloxy group, a 2-propynyloxy group, a 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyloxy group, and the like. Among them, a 2-propynyloxy group is preferred.
- the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms includes a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and the like.
- the cycloalkoxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms includes a cyclopentyloxy group, a cyclohexyloxy group, and the like.
- the cycloalkenyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms includes a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and the like.
- the cycloalkenyloxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms includes a cyclopentenyloxy group, a cyclohexenyloxy group, and the like.
- Examples of the aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms include a phenyl group, a 2-fluorophenyl group, a pentafluorophenyl group, a tolyl group, and a xylyl group.
- Examples of the aryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms include a phenyloxy group, a 2-fluorophenyloxy group, a pentafluorophenyloxy group, a tolyloxy group, and a xylyloxy group. Among them, a phenyloxy group is preferred.
- At least one of R 3 to R 6 is a fluorine atom, and at least one of R 3 to R 6 is selected from hydrocarbon groups having 6 or less carbon atoms which may contain a fluorine atom. It is preferably a group. If the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group is less than 6, the internal resistance tends to be relatively small when a film is formed on the electrode, which is preferable, particularly methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, vinyl group, and allyl.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be obtained that can exhibit resistance characteristics in a well-balanced manner.
- the compound No. 3-1 to No. 3-13 As the anion of the compound represented by the general formula [3], the compound No. 3-1 to No. 3-13, Compound No. 3-1, No. 3-2, No. 3-3, No. 3-4, No. 3-6, No. 3-7, No. 3-9, No. Compound No. 3-13 is more preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing an increase in internal resistance. 3-1, No. 3-2, No. 3-4, No. 3-9 are particularly preferred.
- R 7 to R 9 each independently represent a fluorine atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- alkoxy groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms alkenyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkenyloxy groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkynyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkynyloxy groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkoxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkenyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkenyloxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and a cycloalkenyloxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- at least one of R 7 to R 9 is a fluorine atom.
- M m+ and m are the same as in general formula [2]. ]
- the linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or 3 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 7 to R 9 include methyl group, ethyl group, n -propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, trifluoromethyl group, 2,2-difluoroethyl group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, 1,1 , 2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl group, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl group, and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl group.
- a methyl group and a trifluoromethyl group are preferable.
- linear or branched alkoxy groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or 3 to 10 carbon atoms include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, tert- butoxy group, pentyloxy group, 2,2-difluoroethoxy group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyloxy group, and 1,1,1,3,3, 3-hexafluoroisopropoxy group and the like.
- methoxy group, ethoxy group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy group and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropoxy group are preferable.
- alkenyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms examples include vinyl groups, allyl groups, 1-propenyl groups, isopropenyl groups, 2-butenyl groups, and 1,3-butadienyl groups. Among them, a vinyl group is preferred.
- alkenyloxy groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms examples include vinyloxy groups, allyloxy groups, 1-propenyloxy groups, isopropenyloxy groups, 2-butenyloxy groups, and 1,3-butadienyloxy groups. Among them, an allyloxy group is preferred.
- alkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms examples include an ethynyl group, a 2-propynyl group, a 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl group, and the like.
- alkynyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms examples include an ethynyloxy group, a 2-propynyloxy group, a 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyloxy group, and the like. Among them, a 2-propynyloxy group is preferred.
- the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms includes a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and the like.
- the cycloalkoxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms includes a cyclopentyloxy group, a cyclohexyloxy group, and the like.
- the cycloalkenyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms includes a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and the like.
- the cycloalkenyloxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms includes a cyclopentenyloxy group, a cyclohexenyloxy group, and the like.
- Examples of the aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms include a phenyl group, a 2-fluorophenyl group, a pentafluorophenyl group, a tolyl group, and a xylyl group.
- Examples of the aryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms include a phenyloxy group, a 2-fluorophenyloxy group, a pentafluorophenyloxy group, a tolyloxy group, and a xylyloxy group. Among them, a phenyloxy group and a tolyloxy group are preferred.
- At least one of R 7 to R 9 is a fluorine atom
- at least one of R 7 to R 9 is selected from hydrocarbon groups having 6 or less carbon atoms which may contain a fluorine atom. It is preferably a group. If the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon group is less than 6, the internal resistance tends to be relatively small when a film is formed on the electrode, which is preferable, particularly methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, vinyl group, and allyl.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be obtained that can exhibit resistance characteristics in a well-balanced manner.
- the compound No. 4-1 to No. 4-18 As the anion of the compound represented by the general formula [4], the compound No. 4-1 to No. 4-18, compound no. 4-1, No. 4-2, No. 4-3, No. 4-5, No. 4-6, No. 4-7, No. 4-10, No. 4-11, No. 4-15, No. 4-17, No. Compound No. 4-18 is more preferred from the viewpoint of suppressing an increase in internal resistance. 4-1, No. 4-2, No. 4-5, No. 4-6, No. 4-7, No. 4-15, No. 4-18 is particularly preferred.
- M m+ is preferably selected from the group consisting of lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion and tetraalkylammonium ion, more preferably lithium ion or sodium ion. , lithium ion is particularly preferred.
- Each R 10 is independently a group having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond
- each R 11 is independently a fluorine atom, a linear chain having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, or A branched alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and a linear or branched alkoxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- a is an integer of 2-4.
- the group having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond represented by R 10 includes a vinyl group, an allyl group, a 1-propenyl group, a 2-propenyl group, an isopropenyl group and a 2-butenyl group.
- Alkenyl groups having 2 to 8 carbon atoms such as 1,3-butadienyl groups or alkenyloxy groups derived from these groups, ethynyl groups, 2-propynyl groups, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl groups, etc.
- the above group may have a fluorine atom and an oxygen atom.
- having a fluorine atom means that a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom is replaced with a fluorine atom
- having an oxygen atom means that an oxygen atom exists as an ether bond between carbon-carbon bonds. means.
- a group containing a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond having 6 or less carbon atoms is preferable.
- the internal resistance tends to be relatively small when a film is formed on the electrode, which is preferable.
- vinyl, allyl, 1-propenyl, and 2-propenyl groups are preferred.
- an ethynyl group and a 2-propynyl group are preferred, and a vinyl group is particularly preferred.
- the alkyl group represented by R 11 includes methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, isobutyl group, tert- Examples thereof include alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms such as butyl group and pentyl group.
- the above group may have a fluorine atom and an oxygen atom.
- the oxygen atom-containing group include alkoxy groups derived from the above alkyl groups.
- a group selected from an alkyl group and an alkoxy group tends to have a lower resistance when a film is formed on the electrode, and as a result, it is preferable from the viewpoint of output characteristics.
- a group selected from the group consisting of a propoxy group, a 1,1,1-trifluoroisopropoxy group, and a 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropoxy group forms a coating on the electrode. It is preferable because a non-aqueous electrolyte battery having excellent high-
- the number of groups having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond represented by a in the general formula [5] is preferably an integer of 2 to 4, and 3 or 4, in order to form a film on the electrode.
- the silane compound used in the present invention is not restricted by the following examples.
- the above compound No. 5-1 to No. 5-20 compound no. 5-1, No. 5-2, No. 5-3, No. 5-4, No. 5-5, No. 5-6, No. 5-8, No. 5-9, No. 5-12, No. 5-17, No. 5-18, No. Compound No. 5-20 is more preferable from the viewpoint of improving durability at high temperatures.
- 5-2, No. 5-4, No. 5-5, No. 5-8, No. 5-18 are particularly preferred.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte solutions of the present disclosure include difluoro(oxalato)borate, bis(oxalato)borate, tetrafluoro(oxalato)phosphate, difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate, tris(oxalato)phosphate , difluorophosphate, fluorosulfonate, bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide salt, vinylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate oligomer (polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight of 170 to 5000), vinylethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, 1,6 -diisocyanatohexane, ethynylethylene carbonate, trans-difluoroethylene carbonate, propanesultone, propenesultone, 1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide, 4-propyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane- 2,
- the content is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 5.00% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the electrolytic solution.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present disclosure described above is suitably used for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, and is particularly preferably used for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries having a current collector containing copper.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present disclosure can suppress an increase in initial resistance when used in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. When used, it also exhibits the effect of reducing the elution of the copper component, which is the metal of the current collector, into the electrolytic solution.
- Non-Aqueous Electrolyte Secondary Battery Next, the configuration of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present disclosure will be described.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present disclosure is characterized by using the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present disclosure, and other constituent members are those used in general non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries. is used.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising (a) the above non-aqueous electrolyte, (b) a positive electrode, (c) a negative electrode, and (d) a separator, as described below. It may be a secondary battery.
- the positive electrode preferably contains at least one kind of oxide and/or polyanion compound as a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material constituting the positive electrode is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that can be charged and discharged.
- the positive electrode active material constituting the positive electrode is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that can be charged and discharged.
- the positive electrode active material constituting the positive electrode is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that can be charged and discharged.
- a lithium-transition metal composite oxide containing at least one metal selected from nickel, manganese, and cobalt and having a layered structure for example, (A) a lithium-transition metal composite oxide containing at least one metal selected from nickel, manganese, and cobalt and having a layered structure, (B) a lithium-manganese composite oxide having a spinel structure, and (C) Those containing at least one selected from lithium-containing olivine-type phosphates and (D) lithium-excess layered transition metal oxides having a layered rocksalt structure.
- lithium-transition metal composite oxides containing at least one metal selected from nickel, manganese, and cobalt and having a layered structure include lithium-cobalt composite oxides and lithium-nickel composite oxides. lithium-nickel-cobalt composite oxide, lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum composite oxide, lithium-cobalt-manganese composite oxide, lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide, lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide etc.
- some of the transition metal atoms that are the main constituent of these lithium-transition metal composite oxides are You may use what substituted with other elements, such as.
- lithium-cobalt composite oxides and lithium-nickel composite oxides include LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , and lithium cobalt oxide (LiCo 0.98 Mg 0.01 Zr 0.01 O 2 , LiCo 0.98 Mg 0.01 Al 0.01 O 2 , LiCo 0.975 Mg 0.01 Zr 0.005 Al 0.01 O 2 , etc.), lithium cobalt oxide having a rare earth compound fixed to the surface described in WO2014/034043, etc. may also be used. . Further, as described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-151077, it is also possible to use LiCoO 2 particles whose particle surfaces are partly coated with aluminum oxide.
- the lithium-nickel-cobalt composite oxide and the lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum composite oxide are represented by the general formula (6).
- M 1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Fe, Mg, Zr, Ti and B
- a is 0.9 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2
- b, c satisfies the conditions of 0.01 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.3 and 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.1.
- lithium-cobalt-manganese composite oxide and the lithium-nickel-manganese composite oxide include LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 and LiCo 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 .
- Lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxides include lithium-containing composite oxides represented by the general formula (7).
- M 2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Fe, Mg, Zr, Ti, B, and Sn
- d is 0.9 ⁇ d ⁇ 1.2
- the lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt composite oxide preferably contains manganese within the range represented by the general formula (7) in order to improve structural stability and improve safety at high temperatures in lithium secondary batteries.
- lithium-manganese composite oxide having a spinel structure examples include spinel-type lithium-manganese composite oxides represented by general formula (8).
- Lij(Mn2 - kM3k ) O4 8
- M3 is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Mg, Cr, Cu, Al and Ti, and j satisfies 1.05 ⁇ j ⁇ 1 . 15, and k is 0 ⁇ k ⁇ 0.20.
- Specific examples include LiMn2O4 , LiMn1.95Al0.05O4 , LiMn1.9Al0.1O4 , LiMn1.9Ni0.1O4 , LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 and the like .
- LiFe1 - nM4nPO4 (9)
- M 4 is at least one selected from Co, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, Nb, Mg, Al, Ti, W, Zr and Cd, and n is 0 ⁇ n ⁇ 1 is.
- LiFePO4 , LiCoPO4 , LiNiPO4 , LiMnPO4 , etc. can be mentioned, among which LiFePO4 and/or LiMnPO4 are preferred.
- lithium-excess layered transition metal oxides having a layered rock salt structure examples include those represented by general formula (10).
- x is a number that satisfies 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1
- M5 is at least one metal element having an average oxidation number of 3+
- M6 has an average oxidation number of at least one metallic element that is 4 +
- M5 is preferably one metallic element selected from trivalent Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, V and Cr, but equivalent amounts of divalent and tetravalent metals may have an average oxidation number of 3.
- M6 is preferably one or more metal elements selected from Mn, Zr and Ti. Specifically, 0.5 [LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 ] ⁇ 0.5 [Li 2 MnO 3 ], 0.5 [LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 ] ⁇ 0.5 [ Li2MnO3 ], 0.5 [ LiNi0.375Co0.25Mn0.375O2 ] .0.5 [ Li2MnO3 ] , 0.5 [ LiNi0.375Co0.125Fe0.125Mn0.375O2 ] .0.5 [Li 2 MnO 3 ], 0.45 [LiNi 0.375 Co 0.25 Mn 0.375 O 2 ] ⁇ 0.10 [Li 2 TiO 3 ] ⁇ 0.45 [Li 2 MnO 3 ] and the like.
- the positive electrode active material (D) represented by the general formula (10) is known to exhibit high capacity when charged at a high voltage of 4.4 V (based on Li) or higher (for example, US Pat. No. 7,135 , 252).
- These positive electrode active materials can be prepared, for example, according to the production methods described in JP-A-2008-270201, WO2013/118661, JP-A-2013-030284, and the like.
- the positive electrode active material may contain at least one selected from the above (A) to (D) as a main component, and other substances contained include, for example, FeS 2 , TiS 2 and V 2 O. transition element chalcogenides such as 5 , MoO 3 and MoS 2 ; conductive polymers such as polyacetylene, polyparaphenylene, polyaniline and polypyrrole; activated carbon; radical-generating polymers; and carbon materials.
- the positive electrode has a positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode current collector for example, aluminum, stainless steel, nickel, titanium, alloys thereof, or the like can be used.
- a positive electrode active material layer is formed on at least one surface of a positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material layer is composed of, for example, the positive electrode active material described above, a binder, and, if necessary, a conductive agent.
- binders examples include polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) resin.
- a carbon material such as acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon fiber, or graphite (particulate graphite or scale-like graphite) can be used.
- acetylene black or ketjen black with low crystallinity.
- the negative electrode preferably contains at least one negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode active material constituting the negative electrode is capable of doping and dedoping lithium ions.
- One of these negative electrode active materials can be used alone, or two or more of them can be used in combination. Lithium metal, metal nitrides, tin compounds, conductive polymers, and the like may also be used.
- Carbon materials having a lattice plane (002 plane) d value of 0.340 nm or less in the negative electrode active material (E) X-ray diffraction include, for example, pyrolytic carbons and cokes (e.g., pitch coke, needle coke, petroleum coke, etc.), graphites, organic polymer compound calcined bodies (for example, phenol resin, furan resin, etc. calcined at an appropriate temperature and carbonized), carbon fiber, activated carbon, etc., and these can be graphitized good.
- the carbon material has a lattice spacing (d002) between (002) planes of 0.340 nm or less as measured by an X-ray diffraction method, and is graphite or graphite having a true density of 1.70 g/cm 3 or more. Highly crystalline carbon materials with similar properties are preferred.
- Negative electrode active material Carbon materials in which the d value of the lattice plane (002 plane) in X-ray diffraction exceeds 0.340 nm include amorphous carbon, which is heat-treated at a high temperature of 2000 ° C. or higher. is also a carbon material in which the stacking order hardly changes. Examples thereof include non-graphitizable carbon (hard carbon), mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) fired at 1500° C. or less, and mesopasbitch carbon fiber (MCF). Carbotron (registered trademark) P manufactured by Kureha Corporation is a typical example.
- the negative electrode active material (G) oxides of one or more metals selected from Si, Sn, and Al include those capable of doping/dedoping lithium ions, such as silicon oxide and tin oxide. be done.
- the composition (paste) for forming the coating property and the adhesion of the negative electrode mixture layer to the current collector are also good.
- Negative electrode active material (H) One or more metals selected from Si, Sn, and Al, alloys containing these metals, or alloys of these metals or alloys and lithium)
- Negative electrode active material (H) One or more metals selected from Si, Sn, and Al, alloys containing these metals, or alloys of these metals or alloys and lithium include, for example, metals such as silicon, tin, and aluminum, silicon Alloys, tin alloys, aluminum alloys, and the like can be mentioned, and materials obtained by alloying these metals and alloys with lithium during charging and discharging can also be used.
- Preferred specific examples of these include, for example, silicon (Si), tin (Sn) and the like, which are described in WO2004/100293 and JP-A-2008-016424, etc. (for example, powdered ones) , metal alloys, compounds containing these metals, alloys containing tin (Sn) and cobalt (Co) in these metals, and the like.
- Si silicon
- Sn tin
- Co cobalt
- the metal is used for the electrode, it is preferable because high charge capacity can be exhibited and the expansion/contraction of the volume due to charge/discharge is relatively small.
- these metals are known to exhibit high charge capacity when used for the negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery because they are alloyed with Li during charging, which is also preferable.
- negative electrode active materials formed from silicon pillars with a submicron diameter negative electrode active materials made of fibers composed of silicon, and the like, which are described in publications such as WO2004/042851 and WO2007/083155, are used.
- Examples of the negative electrode active material (I) lithium titanium oxide include lithium titanate having a spinel structure and lithium titanate having a ramsdellite structure.
- Examples of lithium titanate having a spinel structure include Li 4+ ⁇ Ti 5 O 12 ( ⁇ changes within the range of 0 ⁇ 3 depending on the charge/discharge reaction).
- Lithium titanate having a ramsdellite structure includes, for example, Li 2+ ⁇ Ti 3 O 7 ( ⁇ varies within the range of 0 ⁇ 3 depending on the charge/discharge reaction).
- These negative electrode active materials can be prepared, for example, according to the production methods described in JP-A-2007-018883, JP-A-2009-176752, and the like.
- a sodium ion secondary battery in which the cation in the non-aqueous electrolyte is mainly sodium for example, hard carbon and oxides such as TiO 2 , V 2 O 5 and MoO 3 are used as the negative electrode active material.
- hard carbon and oxides such as TiO 2 , V 2 O 5 and MoO 3 are used as the negative electrode active material.
- the cation in the non-aqueous electrolyte is mainly sodium
- sodium-containing transition metal composite oxides such as NaFeO 2 , NaCrO 2 , NaNiO 2 , NaMnO 2 and NaCoO 2 as the positive electrode active material
- a mixture of a plurality of transition metals such as Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, Mn, Co, etc.
- these sodium-containing transition metal composite oxides e.g., NaNi 0.5 Ti 0.3 Mn 0.2 O 2
- sodium-containing transition metals thereof Composite oxides in which a portion of the transition metal is replaced with a metal other than the transition metal, transition metal phosphate compounds such as Na2FeP2O7 and NaCo3 ( PO4 ) 2P2O7 , Sulfides such as TiS 2 and FeS 2 , conductive polymers such as polyacetylene, polyparaphenylene, polyaniline and polypyrrole, activated carbon, radical-generating polymers, and carbon materials are used.
- transition metal phosphate compounds such as Na2FeP2O7 and NaCo3 ( PO4 ) 2P2O7
- Sulfides such as TiS 2 and FeS 2
- conductive polymers such as polyacetylene, polyparaphenylene, polyaniline and polypyrrole, activated carbon, radical-generating polymers, and carbon materials are used.
- the negative electrode has a negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode current collector for example, copper, aluminum, stainless steel, nickel, titanium, alloys thereof, or the like can be used.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present disclosure preferably contains copper as the negative electrode current collector.
- a negative electrode active material layer is formed on at least one surface of a negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material layer is composed of, for example, the negative electrode active material described above, a binder, and, if necessary, a conductive agent.
- binders examples include polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) resin.
- a carbon material such as acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon fiber, or graphite (particulate graphite or scale-like graphite) can be used.
- the electrode is obtained, for example, by dispersing and kneading an active material, a binder, and, if necessary, a conductive agent in a predetermined compounding amount in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or water.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the paste can be applied to a current collector and dried to form an active material layer.
- the obtained electrode is preferably compressed by a method such as roll pressing to adjust the electrode to an appropriate density.
- the above non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes (d) a separator.
- a separator for preventing contact between (a) the positive electrode and (c) the negative electrode a nonwoven fabric or porous sheet made of polyolefin such as polypropylene or polyethylene, cellulose, paper, glass fiber, or the like is used. These films are preferably microporous so that the electrolytic solution is permeated and the ions are easily permeated.
- the polyolefin separator examples include a film that electrically insulates the positive electrode and the negative electrode and is permeable to lithium ions, such as a microporous polymer film such as a porous polyolefin film.
- a porous polyolefin film for example, a porous polyethylene film may be used alone, or a porous polyethylene film and a porous polypropylene film may be laminated to form a multilayer film.
- the film etc. which combined the porous polyethylene film and the polypropylene film are mentioned.
- a coin-shaped, cylindrical, square-shaped metal can, or a laminated exterior body can be used as the exterior body of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- Metal can materials include, for example, nickel-plated steel plates, stainless steel plates, nickel-plated stainless steel plates, aluminum or its alloys, nickel, and titanium.
- the laminated exterior body for example, an aluminum laminated film, a SUS laminated film, a silica-coated polypropylene or polyethylene laminated film, or the like can be used.
- the configuration of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited. It can be configured as The shape of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is not particularly limited, but an electrochemical device having a shape such as a coin shape, a cylindrical shape, a square shape, or an aluminum laminate sheet shape can be assembled from the above elements.
- EMC Ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- Electrolyte No. Table 1 shows the preparation conditions of 1-1. In addition, the type and concentration of (I) were changed as shown in Table 1 below. Electrolyte solution no. 1-2 to 1-8, Comparative Electrolyte No. 1-1 to 1-3 were prepared. Incidentally, the comparative electrolyte No. In the preparation of 1-2 and 1-3, succinonitrile (hereinafter "SN") was used in place of (I).
- SN succinonitrile
- NCM811 positive electrode > 91.0% by mass of LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 powder was mixed with 4.5% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (hereinafter referred to as “PVDF”) as a binder and 4.5% by mass of acetylene black as a conductive material.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP -Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- ⁇ Production of graphite negative electrode> 98.0% by mass of artificial graphite powder was mixed with 1.0% by mass of carboxymethyl cellulose (hereinafter “CMC”) and 1.0% by mass of styrene-butadiene copolymer (hereinafter “SBR”) as a binder, and pure water was added. 50 mass % was added to the total mass of the artificial graphite powder and the binder to prepare a negative electrode mixture paste. This paste was applied to one side of a copper foil, dried and pressed, and then punched out into a size of 4.5 cm ⁇ 5.5 cm to obtain a graphite negative electrode for testing.
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- SBR styrene-butadiene copolymer
- Electrolyte solution No. shown in Table 1 was added to an aluminum-laminate-clad cell (capacity: 70 mAh) comprising the test NCM811 positive electrode, the test graphite negative electrode, and the cellulose separator. 1-1 to 1-8, and comparative electrolyte No. 1-1 to 1-3, respectively, to obtain non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries according to Examples 1-1 to 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3.
- a charging/discharging cycle of performing constant-current constant-voltage charging at an upper limit voltage of 4.3 V and a 0.2 C rate and discharging at a 0.2 C rate constant current to a discharge end voltage of 3.0 V was repeated three times.
- the battery was charged at a constant current and constant voltage method at a rate of 0.2C to an upper limit charge voltage of 4.3 V at an environmental temperature of 25°C, and discharged at an environmental temperature of -30°C to a discharge final voltage of 3.
- the discharge capacity discharge capacity at -30°C was measured when the battery was discharged to 0V at a 5C rate constant current.
- Table 2 below lists the relative values of the capacity of each example and comparative example when the capacity of Comparative Example 1-1 is set to 100.
- a larger relative value of capacitance means a smaller initial resistance.
- the initial discharge capacity and overdischarge characteristics were also evaluated as indicators of the effect of suppressing the elution of copper, the negative electrode current collector, into the electrolyte.
- Each cell impregnated with the electrolytic solution as described above was allowed to stand at an environmental temperature of 25°C for 12 hours (impregnation time: 12 hours), and then conditioned at an environmental temperature of 25°C under the following conditions. . That is, as the initial charge and discharge, constant current constant voltage charge is performed at a charge upper limit voltage of 4.3 V and a 0.1 C rate (7 mA), discharge is performed at a 0.2 C rate constant current to a discharge end voltage of 3.0 V, and then charging is performed.
- a charging/discharging cycle of performing constant-current constant-voltage charging at an upper limit voltage of 4.3 V and a 0.2 C rate and discharging at a 0.2 C rate constant current to a discharge end voltage of 3.0 V was repeated three times. Let this third discharge capacity be the initial capacity. After the above conditioning, the cells in the discharged state are further discharged to 0 V with a constant resistance of 75 ⁇ to be in an over-discharged state and left for 3 days. After standing, the cell was again charged at an ambient temperature of 25° C. with a maximum charge voltage of 4.3 V and a constant current and constant voltage charge at a 0.2 C rate, and then discharged at a constant current rate of 0.2 C to a final discharge voltage of 3.0 V.
- the potential of the negative electrode in the non-charging stage is equal to or higher than the elution potential of copper, so dissolution of copper starts when the electrolytic solution is injected. It is generally known that the eluted copper deposits on the positive electrode and deposits on the negative electrode during charging, thereby reducing the capacity of the cell.
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Abstract
Description
また、ニトリル化合物として、ジニトリル化合物を用いる場合には、S=O基含有化合物と併用せずに使用することも好ましい旨が開示されている。
そこで、本発明では、初期抵抗の増大を抑制できる、新規な非水系電解液、及び、それを用いた非水系電解液二次電池を提供することを課題とする。
すなわち、本発明者らは、以下の構成により上記課題を達成することができることを見出した。
(I)下記一般式[1a]で表される化合物と、
(II)溶質と、
(III)非水有機溶媒と、
を含有する、非水系電解液。
M+ [X-S(=O)2-N-C(=O)-R]- [1a]
(一般式[1a]中、Xは、ハロゲン原子を表し、Rは、-CN基又は-OCN基を表し、そして、M+は、アルカリ金属イオンを表す。)
[2]
前記一般式[1a]のXが、フッ素原子である、上記[1]に記載の非水系電解液。
[3]
前記(I)の濃度が、電解液総量に対して0.01~5.00質量%である、上記[1]又は[2]に記載の非水系電解液。
[4]
前記(II)が、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiCF3SO3、LiC4F9SO3、LiAlO2、LiAlCl4、LiCl、及びLiIからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つ、又は、NaPF6、NaBF4、NaSbF6、NaAsF6、NaClO4、NaCF3SO3、NaC4F9SO3、NaAlO2、NaAlCl4、NaCl、及びNaIからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つである、上記[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載の非水系電解液。
[5]
前記(III)が、環状エステル、鎖状エステル、環状エーテル、鎖状エーテル、スルホン化合物、スルホキシド化合物、及びイオン液体からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つである、上記[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載の非水系電解液。
[6]
前記(III)が、環状エステルであり、前記環状エステルが、環状カーボネートである、上記[5]に記載の非水系電解液。
[7]
前記(III)が、鎖状エステルであり、前記鎖状エステルが、鎖状カーボネートである、上記[5]に記載の非水系電解液。
[8]
更に、ジフルオロ(オキサラト)ホウ酸塩、ビス(オキサラト)ホウ酸塩、テトラフルオロ(オキサラト)リン酸塩、ジフルオロビス(オキサラト)リン酸塩、トリス(オキサラト)リン酸塩、ジフルオロリン酸塩、フルオロスルホン酸塩、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド塩、ビニレンカーボネート、ビニレンカーボネートのオリゴマー(ポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量が170~5000)、ビニルエチレンカーボネート、フルオロエチレンカーボネート、1,6-ジイソシアナトヘキサン、エチニルエチレンカーボネート、trans-ジフルオロエチレンカーボネート、プロパンサルトン、プロペンサルトン、1,3,2-ジオキサチオラン-2,2-ジオキシド、4-プロピル-1,3,2-ジオキサチオラン-2,2-ジオキシド、メチレンメタンジスルホネート、1,2-エタンジスルホン酸無水物、メタンスルホニルフルオリド、トリス(トリメチルシリル)ボレート、(エトキシ)ペンタフルオロシクロトリホスファゼン、リチウムテトラフルオロ(マロナト)ホスフェート、テトラフルオロ(ピコリナト)ホスフェート、1,3-ジメチル-1,3-ジビニル-1,3-ジ(1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロイソプロピル)ジシロキサン、t-ブチルベンゼン、t-アミルベンゼン、フルオロベンゼン、及びシクロヘキシルベンゼンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの添加剤を含有する、上記[1]~[7]のいずれか1項に記載の非水系電解液。
[9]
銅を含む集電体を備えた非水系電解液二次電池に用いられる上記[1]~[8]のいずれか1項に記載の非水系電解液。
[10]
少なくとも、正極と、負極と、セパレータと、及び上記[1]~[9]のいずれか1項に記載の非水系電解液とを備える、非水系電解液二次電池。
[11]
前記負極が、集電体として銅を含む上記[10]に記載の非水系電解液二次電池。
本開示の非水系電解液は、(I)下記一般式[1a]で表される化合物、(II)溶質、及び(III)非水有機溶媒を含む。
M+ [X-S(=O)2-N-C(=O)-R]- [1a]
(一般式[1a]中、Xは、ハロゲン原子を表し、Rは、-CN基又は-OCN基を表し、そして、M+は、アルカリ金属イオンを表す。)
上記一般式[1a]で表される化合物は、正極と電解液との界面、及び負極と電解液との界面において一部分解し、被膜を形成すると考えられる。この被膜は、非水有機溶媒や溶質と活物質との間の直接の接触を抑制して非水有機溶媒や溶質の分解を防ぎ、電池性能の劣化を抑制すると推測される。
一般式[1a]で表される化合物を非水系電解液に用いると、これを非水系電解液二次電池に用いた際に初期抵抗の増大を抑制できるメカニズムについては定かではないが、本発明者らは以下のように推定している。
上述した通り、上記一般式[1a]で示される化合物は、正極と電解液との界面、及び負極と電解液との界面において一部分解し、被膜を形成すると考えられる。この被膜は、非水有機溶媒や溶質と活物質との間の直接の接触を抑制して非水有機溶媒や溶質の分解を防ぐ効果だけでなく、リチウムイオンやナトリウムイオン等のカチオン導電性があり、初期抵抗の増大を抑制すると推測される。
Xが表すハロゲン原子としては、例えば、フッ素原子、臭素原子、及びヨウ素原子が挙げられる。中でも、電池抵抗がより低くなるという観点から、フッ素原子が好ましい。
M+が表すアルカリ金属イオンとしては、リチウムイオン、ナトリウムイオン、又はカリウムイオンが挙げられ、リチウムイオン、又はナトリウムイオンが好ましく、リチウムイオン電池の場合にはリチウムイオンがより好ましく、ナトリウムイオン電池の場合にはナトリウムイオンがより好ましい。
・LiN(SO2F)(COCN)
・LiN(SO2F)(CO(OCN))
・NaN(SO2F)(COCN)
・NaN(SO2F)(CO(OCN))
・LiN(SO2Cl)(COCN)
・LiN(SO2Cl)(CO(OCN))
・NaN(SO2Cl)(COCN)
・NaN(SO2Cl)(CO(OCN))
一般式[1a]で示される化合物は種々の方法により製造できる。製造法としては、特に限定されることはない。
例えば、対応するハロゲン化スルホニルイソシアネートと対応するシアン化塩もしくはシアン酸塩を、無溶媒もしくはこれらと反応しない溶媒中で反応させる方法が挙げられる。
本開示の非水系電解液の溶質の具体例としては、リチウム電池及びリチウムイオン電池の場合には、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiCF3SO3、LiC4F9SO3、LiAlO2、LiAlCl4、LiCl、LiI、LiC(CF3SO2)3、LiPF3(C3F7)3、LiB(CF3)4、LiBF3(C2F5)などに代表される電解質塩が挙げられ、ナトリウムイオン電池の場合には、NaPF6、NaBF4、NaSbF6、NaAsF6、NaClO4、NaCF3SO3、NaC4F9SO3、NaAlO2、NaAlCl4、NaCl、NaI、NaC(CF3SO2)3、NaPF3(C3F7)3、NaB(CF3)4、NaBF3(C2F5)などに代表される電解質塩が挙げられる。これらの溶質は、一種類を単独で用いても良く、二種類以上を用途に合わせて任意の組み合わせ、比率で混合して用いても良い。
リチウム電池及びリチウムイオン電池の場合には、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiCF3SO3、LiC4F9SO3、LiAlO2、LiAlCl4、LiCl、及びLiIからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであることが好ましく、ナトリウムイオン電池の場合には、NaPF6、NaBF4、NaSbF6、NaAsF6、NaClO4、NaCF3SO3、NaC4F9SO3、NaAlO2、NaAlCl4、NaCl、及びNaIからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであることが好ましい。
(III)非水有機溶媒の種類は、特に限定されず、任意の非水有機溶媒を用いることができる。具体例としては、例えば以下の非水有機溶媒が挙げられる。
環状エステルとしては、プロピレンカーボネート(以下、「PC」と記載する場合がある)、エチレンカーボネート(以下、「EC」と記載する場合がある)、ブチレンカーボネート等の環状カーボネートの他、γ―ブチロラクトン、γ―バレロラクトン等が挙げられる。
鎖状エステルとしては、ジエチルカーボネート(以下、「DEC」と記載する場合がある)、ジメチルカーボネート(以下、「DMC」と記載する場合がある)、エチルメチルカーボネート(以下、「EMC」と記載する場合がある)等の鎖状カーボネートの他、酢酸メチル、プロピオン酸メチル、プロピオン酸エチル(以下、「EP」と記載する場合がある)等が挙げられる。
環状エーテルとしては、テトラヒドロフラン、2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン等が挙げられる。
鎖状エーテルとしては、ジメトキシエタン、ジエチルエーテル等が挙げられる。
その他、ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン等のスルホン化合物やスルホキシド化合物等が挙げられる。また、イオン液体等も挙げることができる。
上記(III)は、環状エステル、鎖状エステル、環状エーテル、鎖状エーテル、スルホン化合物、スルホキシド化合物、及びイオン液体からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであることが好ましい。
上記(III)は、環状エステルを含み、環状エステルが環状カーボネートであることが好ましい一つの態様として挙げられる。また、上記(III)が鎖状エステルを含み、鎖状エステルが鎖状カーボネートであることも好ましい態様の一つとして挙げられる。
(2)ECとDECの組合せ、
(3)ECとDMCとEMCの組合せ、
(4)ECとDECとEMCの組合せ、
(5)ECとEMCとEPの組合せ、
(6)PCとDECの組合せ、
(7)PCとEMCの組合せ、
(8)PCとEPの組合せ、
(9)PCとDMCとEMCの組合せ、
(10)PCとDECとEMCの組合せ、
(11)PCとDECとEPの組合せ、
(12)PCとECとEMCの組合せ、
(13)PCとECとDMCとEMCの組合せ、
(14)PCとECとDECとEMCの組合せ、
(15)PCとECとEMCとEPの組合せ
以上が本発明の非水系電解液の基本的な構成についての説明であるが、本開示の要旨を損なわない限りにおいて、本開示の非水系電解液に一般的に用いられる添加剤を任意の比率で添加しても良い。
Ra及びRbは、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~8のアルキル基、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~6のアルケニル基、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~6のアルキニル基、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~10のアリール基、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~8のアルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~6のアルケニルオキシ基、ハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~6のアルキニルオキシ基、又はハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~10のアリールオキシ基を示し、
Aは、水素原子又はハロゲン原子を示す。]
中でも、より初期抵抗を抑制する観点から、3-(ジフルオロホスフィニルオキシ)テトラヒドロチオフェン-1,1-ジオキサイド、3-ジメチルホスフィニルオキシテトラヒドロチオフェン-1,1-ジオキサイド、3-ジフェニルホスフィニルオキシテトラヒドロチオフェン-1,1-ジオキサイド、3-ジメトキシホスフィニルオキシテトラヒドロチオフェン-1,1-ジオキサイド、3-ビス-アリルオキシホスフィニルオキシテトラヒドロチオフェン-1,1-ジオキサイド、3-ジフェノキシホスフィニルオキシテトラヒドロチオフェン-1,1-ジオキサイド、3-ジメトキシホスフィニルオキシ-4-フルオロテトラヒドロチオフェン-1,1-ジオキサイド、3-ビス-アリルオキシ-4-フルオロホスフィニルオキシテトラヒドロチオフェン-1,1-ジオキサイド、及び3-ジプロパルギルホスフィニルオキシテトラヒドロチオフェン-1,1-ジオキサイドからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物を含むことが好ましい。
R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子、炭素数が1~10の直鎖あるいは炭素数が3~10の分岐状のアルキル基、炭素数が1~10の直鎖あるいは炭素数が3~10の分岐状のアルコキシ基、炭素数が2~10のアルケニル基、炭素数が2~10のアルケニルオキシ基、炭素数が2~10のアルキニル基、炭素数が2~10のアルキニルオキシ基、炭素数が3~10のシクロアルキル基、炭素数が3~10のシクロアルコキシ基、炭素数が3~10のシクロアルケニル基、炭素数が3~10のシクロアルケニルオキシ基、炭素数が6~10のアリール基、及び、炭素数が6~10のアリールオキシ基から選ばれる有機基であり、その有機基中にフッ素原子、酸素原子又は不飽和結合が存在することもできる。但し、R1及びR2の少なくとも1つは、フッ素原子である。
Mm+は、アルカリ金属カチオン、アルカリ土類金属カチオン、又はオニウムカチオンであり、
mは、該当するカチオンの価数と同数の整数を表す。]
「有機基中に酸素原子が存在する」とは、有機基が有する少なくとも1つの炭素-炭素結合間に、酸素原子が含まれることを意味する。
「有機基中に不飽和結合が存在する」とは、有機基が有する少なくとも1つの炭素-炭素結合が、不飽和結合であることを意味する。
R3~R6は、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子、炭素数が1~10の直鎖あるいは炭素数が3~10の分岐状のアルキル基、炭素数が1~10の直鎖あるいは炭素数が3~10の分岐状のアルコキシ基、炭素数が2~10のアルケニル基、炭素数が2~10のアルケニルオキシ基、炭素数が2~10のアルキニル基、炭素数が2~10のアルキニルオキシ基、炭素数が3~10のシクロアルキル基、炭素数が3~10のシクロアルコキシ基、炭素数が3~10のシクロアルケニル基、炭素数が3~10のシクロアルケニルオキシ基、炭素数が6~10のアリール基、及び、炭素数が6~10のアリールオキシ基から選ばれる有機基であり、その有機基中にフッ素原子、酸素原子、シアノ基又は不飽和結合が存在することもできる。但し、R3~R6の少なくとも1つは、フッ素原子である。
また、Mm+、mは、一般式[2]と同様である。]
R7~R9は、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子、炭素数が1~10の直鎖あるいは炭素数が3~10の分岐状のアルキル基、炭素数が1~10の直鎖あるいは炭素数が3~10の分岐状のアルコキシ基、炭素数が2~10のアルケニル基、炭素数が2~10のアルケニルオキシ基、炭素数が2~10のアルキニル基、炭素数が2~10のアルキニルオキシ基、炭素数が3~10のシクロアルキル基、炭素数が3~10のシクロアルコキシ基、炭素数が3~10のシクロアルケニル基、炭素数が3~10のシクロアルケニルオキシ基、炭素数が6~10のアリール基、及び、炭素数が6~10のアリールオキシ基から選ばれる有機基であり、その有機基中にフッ素原子、酸素原子又は不飽和結合が存在することもできる。但し、R7~R9の少なくとも1つは、フッ素原子である。
また、Mm+、mは、一般式[2]と同様である。]
R10は、それぞれ独立に、炭素-炭素不飽和結合を有する基であり、R11は、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子、フッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数が1~10の直鎖又は炭素数が3~10の分岐状のアルキル基、及びフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数が1~10の直鎖又は炭素数が3~10の分岐状のアルコキシ基である。
aは、2~4の整数である。]
それらの中でも、炭素数が6以下の炭素-炭素不飽和結合を含有する基が好ましい。上記炭素数が6より少ないと、電極上に被膜を形成した際の内部抵抗が比較的小さい傾向があるため好ましく、具体的には、ビニル基、アリル基、1-プロペニル基、2-プロペニル基、エチニル基、及び2-プロピニル基からなる群から選択される基が好ましく、ビニル基であることが特に好ましい。
本開示の非水系電解液は、非水系電解液二次電池に用いた際の初期抵抗の増大を抑制できるものであるが、銅を含む集電体を備えた非水系電解液二次電池に用いた場合、更に、集電体の金属である銅成分の電解液への溶出を低減するという効果も発揮する。
次に、本開示の非水系電解液二次電池の構成について説明する。本開示の非水系電解液二次電池は、上記の本開示の非水系電解液を用いることが特徴であり、その他の構成部材には一般の非水系電解液二次電池に使用されているものが用いられる。
(イ)正極は、少なくとも1種の酸化物及び/又はポリアニオン化合物を正極活物質として含むことが好ましい。
非水系電解液中のカチオンがリチウム主体となるリチウムイオン二次電池の場合、(イ)正極を構成する正極活物質は、充放電が可能な種々の材料であれば特に限定されるものでないが、例えば、(A)ニッケル、マンガン、コバルトの少なくとも1種以上の金属を含有し、かつ層状構造を有するリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物、(B)スピネル構造を有するリチウムマンガン複合酸化物、(C)リチウム含有オリビン型リン酸塩、及び(D)層状岩塩型構造を有するリチウム過剰層状遷移金属酸化物から少なくとも1種を含有するものが挙げられる。
正極活物質(A)ニッケル、マンガン、コバルトの少なくとも1種以上の金属を含有し、かつ層状構造を有するリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物としては、例えば、リチウム・コバルト複合酸化物、リチウム・ニッケル複合酸化物、リチウム・ニッケル・コバルト複合酸化物、リチウム・ニッケル・コバルト・アルミニウム複合酸化物、リチウム・コバルト・マンガン複合酸化物、リチウム・ニッケル・マンガン複合酸化物、リチウム・ニッケル・マンガン・コバルト複合酸化物等が挙げられる。また、これらリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物の主体となる遷移金属原子の一部を、Al、Ti、V、Cr、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mg、Ga、Zr、Si、B、Ba、Y、Sn等の他の元素で置換したものを用いても良い。
LiaNi1-b-cCobM1 cO2 (6)
式(6)中、M1はAl、Fe、Mg、Zr、Ti、Bからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの元素であり、aは0.9≦a≦1.2であり、b、cは、0.01≦b≦0.3、0≦c≦0.1の条件を満たす。
これらは、例えば、特開2009-137834号公報等に記載される製造方法等に準じて調製することができる。具体的には、LiNi0.8Co0.2O2、LiNi0.85Co0.10Al0.05O2、LiNi0.87Co0.10Al0.03O2、LiNi0.90Co0.07Al0.03O2、LiNi0.6Co0.3Al0.1O2等が挙げられる。
LidNieMnfCogM2 hO2 (7)
式(7)中、M2はAl、Fe、Mg、Zr、Ti、B、Snからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの元素であり、dは0.9≦d≦1.2であり、e、f、g及びhは、e+f+g+h=1、0≦e≦0.9、0≦f≦0.5、0≦g≦0.5、及びh≧0の条件を満たす。
具体的には、例えば、4.3V以上に充放電領域を有する、Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2、Li[Ni0.45Mn0.35Co0.2]O2、Li[Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2]O2、Li[Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2]O2、Li[Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1]O2、Li[Ni0.49Mn0.3Co0.2Zr0.01]O2、Li[Ni0.49Mn0.3Co0.2Mg0.01]O2、Li[Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1]O2等が挙げられる。
正極活物質(B)スピネル構造を有するリチウムマンガン複合酸化物としては、例えば、一般式(8)で示されるスピネル型リチウムマンガン複合酸化物が挙げられる。
Lij(Mn2-kM3 k)O4 (8)
式(8)中、M3は、Ni、Co、Fe、Mg、Cr、Cu、Al及びTiからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの金属元素であり、jは、1.05≦j≦1.15であり、kは、0≦k≦0.20である。
具体的には、例えば、LiMn2O4、LiMn1.95Al0.05O4、LiMn1.9Al0.1O4、LiMn1.9Ni0.1O4、LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4等が挙げられる。
正極活物質(C)リチウム含有オリビン型リン酸塩としては、例えば一般式(9)で示されるものが挙げられる。
LiFe1-nM4 nPO4 (9)
式(9)中、M4は、Co、Ni、Mn、Cu、Zn、Nb、Mg、Al、Ti、W、Zr及びCdから選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、nは、0≦n≦1である。
具体的には、例えば、LiFePO4、LiCoPO4、LiNiPO4、LiMnPO4等が挙げられ、中でもLiFePO4及び/又はLiMnPO4が好ましい。
正極活物質(D)層状岩塩型構造を有するリチウム過剰層状遷移金属酸化物としては、例えば一般式(10)で示されるものが挙げられる。
xLiM5O2・(1-x)Li2M6O3 (10)
式(10)中、xは、0<x<1を満たす数であり、M5は、平均酸化数が3+である少なくとも1種以上の金属元素であり、M6は、平均酸化数が4+である少なくとも1種の金属元素である。式(10)中、M5は、好ましくは3価のMn、Ni、Co、Fe、V、Crから選ばれてなる1種の金属元素であるが、2価と4価の等量の金属で平均酸化数を3価にしてもよい。
また、式(10)中、M6は、好ましくは、Mn、Zr、Tiから選ばれてなる1種以上の金属元素である。具体的には、0.5[LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2]・0.5[Li2MnO3]、0.5[LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2]・0.5[Li2MnO3]、0.5[LiNi0.375Co0.25Mn0.375O2]・0.5[Li2MnO3]、0.5[LiNi0.375Co0.125Fe0.125Mn0.375O2]・0.5[Li2MnO3]、0.45[LiNi0.375Co0.25Mn0.375O2]・0.10[Li2TiO3]・0.45[Li2MnO3]等が挙げられる。
この一般式(10)で表される正極活物質(D)は、4.4V(Li基準)以上の高電圧充電で高容量を発現することが知られている(例えば、米国特許7,135,252号明細書)。
これら正極活物質は、例えば特開2008-270201号公報、WO2013/118661号公報、特開2013-030284号公報等に記載される製造方法等に準じて調製することができる。
正極活物質としては、上記(A)~(D)から選ばれる少なくとも1つを主成分として含有すればよいが、それ以外に含まれるものとしては、例えば、FeS2、TiS2、V2O5、MoO3、MoS2等の遷移元素カルコゲナイド、あるいはポリアセチレン、ポリパラフェニレン、ポリアニリン、及びポリピロール等の導電性高分子、活性炭、ラジカルを発生するポリマー、カーボン材料等が挙げられる。
(イ)正極は、正極集電体を有する。正極集電体としては、例えば、アルミニウム、ステンレス鋼、ニッケル、チタン又はこれらの合金等を用いることができる。
(イ)正極は、例えば、正極集電体の少なくとも一方の面に正極活物質層が形成される。正極活物質層は、例えば、前述の正極活物質と、結着剤と、必要に応じて導電剤とにより構成される。
(ウ)負極は、少なくとも1種の負極活物質を含むことが好ましい。
非水系電解液中のカチオンがリチウム主体となるリチウムイオン二次電池の場合、(ウ)負極を構成する負極活物質としては、リチウムイオンのド-プ・脱ド-プが可能なものであり、例えば(E)X線回折における格子面(002面)のd値が0.340nm以下の炭素材料、(F)X線回折における格子面(002面)のd値が0.340nmを超える炭素材料、(G)Si、Sn、Alから選ばれる1種以上の金属の酸化物、(H)Si、Sn、Alから選ばれる1種以上の金属若しくはこれら金属を含む合金又はこれら金属若しくは合金とリチウムとの合金、及び(I)リチウムチタン酸化物から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有するものが挙げられる。これら負極活物質は、1種を単独で用いることができ、2種以上を組合せて用いることもできる。また、リチウム金属、金属窒化物、スズ化合物、導電性高分子等を用いてもよい。
負極活物質(E)X線回折における格子面(002面)のd値が0.340nm以下の炭素材料としては、例えば、熱分解炭素類、コークス類(例えば、ピッチコークス、ニードルコークス、石油コークス等)、グラファイト類、有機高分子化合物焼成体(例えば、フェノール樹脂、フラン樹脂等を適当な温度で焼成し炭素化したもの)、炭素繊維、活性炭等が挙げられ、これらは黒鉛化したものでもよい。当該炭素材料は、X線回折法で測定した(002)面の面間隔(d002)が0.340nm以下のものであり、中でも、その真密度が1.70g/cm3以上である黒鉛又はそれに近い性質を有する高結晶性炭素材料が好ましい。
負極活物質(F)X線回折における格子面(002面)のd値が0.340nmを超える炭素材料としては、非晶質炭素が挙げられ、これは、2000℃以上の高温で熱処理してもほとんど積層秩序が変化しない炭素材料である。例えば、難黒鉛化炭素(ハードカーボン)、1500℃以下で焼成したメソカーボンマイクロビーズ(MCMB)、メソペーズビッチカーボンファイバー(MCF)等が例示される。株式会社クレハ製のカーボトロン(登録商標)P等は、その代表的な事例である。
負極活物質(G)Si、Sn、Alから選ばれる1種以上の金属の酸化物としては、リチウムイオンのド-プ・脱ド-プが可能な、例えば、酸化シリコン、酸化スズ等が挙げられる。
Siの超微粒子がSiO2中に分散した構造を持つSiOx等がある。この材料を負極活物質として用いると、Liと反応するSiが超微粒子であるために充放電がスムーズに行われる一方で、前記構造を有するSiOx粒子自体は表面積が小さいため、負極活物質層を形成するための組成物(ペースト)とした際の塗料性や負極合剤層の集電体に対する接着性も良好である。
なお、SiOxは充放電に伴う体積変化が大きいため、SiOxと上述負極活物質(E)の黒鉛とを特定比率で負極活物質に併用することで高容量化と良好な充放電サイクル特性とを両立することができる。
負極活物質(H)Si、Sn、Alから選ばれる1種以上の金属若しくはこれら金属を含む合金又はこれら金属若しくは合金とリチウムとの合金としては、例えば、シリコン、スズ、アルミニウム等の金属、シリコン合金、スズ合金、アルミニウム合金等が挙げられ、これらの金属や合金が、充放電に伴いリチウムと合金化した材料も使用できる。
これらの好ましい具体例としては、WO2004/100293号公報や、特開2008-016424号等に記載される、例えば、ケイ素(Si)、スズ(Sn)等の金属単体(例えば、粉末状のもの)、該金属合金、該金属を含有する化合物、該金属にスズ(Sn)とコバルト(Co)とを含む合金等が挙げられる。当該金属を電極に使用した場合、高い充電容量を発現することができ、かつ、充放電に伴う体積の膨張・収縮が比較的少ないことから好ましい。また、これらの金属は、これをリチウムイオン二次電池の負極に用いた場合に、充電時にLiと合金化するため、高い充電容量を発現することが知られており、この点でも好ましい。
更に、例えば、WO2004/042851号、WO2007/083155号等の公報に記載される、サブミクロン直径のシリコンのピラーから形成された負極活物質、シリコンで構成される繊維からなる負極活物質等を用いてもよい。
負極活物質(I)リチウムチタン酸化物としては、例えば、スピネル構造を有するチタン酸リチウム、ラムスデライト構造を有するチタン酸リチウム等を挙げることができる。
スピネル構造を有するチタン酸リチウムとしては、例えば、Li4+αTi5O12(αは充放電反応により0≦α≦3の範囲内で変化する)を挙げることができる。また、ラムスデライト構造を有するチタン酸リチウムとしては、例えば、Li2+βTi3O7(βは充放電反応により0≦β≦3の範囲内で変化する)を挙げることができる。これら負極活物質は、例えば特開2007-018883号公報、特開2009-176752号公報等に記載される製造方法等に準じて調製することができる。
(ウ)負極は、負極集電体を有する。負極集電体としては、例えば、銅、アルミニウム、ステンレス鋼、ニッケル、チタン又はこれらの合金等を用いることができる。
本開示の非水系電解液二次電池は、負極集電体として銅を含むことが好ましい。負極集電体として銅を含む非水系電解液二次電池に本開示の非水系電解液を用いると、初期抵抗の増大抑制効果に加えて、電解液への銅溶出抑制効果が得られる。
(ウ)負極は、例えば、負極集電体の少なくとも一方の面に負極活物質層が形成される。負極活物質層は、例えば、前述の負極活物質と、結着剤と、必要に応じて導電剤とにより構成される。
電極は、例えば、活物質と、結着剤と、必要に応じて導電剤とを所定の配合量でN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)や水等の溶媒中に分散混練し、得られたペーストを集電体に塗布、乾燥して活物質層を形成することで得ることができる。得られた電極は、ロールプレス等の方法により圧縮して、適当な密度の電極に調節することが好ましい。
上記の非水系電解液二次電池は、(エ)セパレータを備える。(イ)正極と(ウ)負極の接触を防ぐためのセパレータとしては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等のポリオレフィンや、セルロース、紙、又はガラス繊維等で作られた不織布や多孔質シートが使用される。これらのフィルムは、電解液がしみ込んでイオンが透過し易いように、微多孔化されているものが好ましい。
非水系電解液二次電池を構成するにあたり、非水系電解液二次電池の外装体としては、例えば、コイン型、円筒型、角型等の金属缶や、ラミネート外装体を用いることができる。金属缶材料としては、例えば、ニッケルメッキを施した鉄鋼板、ステンレス鋼板、ニッケルメッキを施したステンレス鋼板、アルミニウム又はその合金、ニッケル、チタン等が挙げられる。
非水溶媒として、エチレンカーボネート(以降「EC」)、プロピレンカーボネート(以降「PC」)、ジメチルカーボネート(以降「DMC」)、エチルメチルカーボネート(以降「EMC」)を体積比EC:PC:DMC:EMC=2:1:3:4で混合した混合溶媒を用い、該溶媒中に溶質としてヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウム(以降「LiPF6」)を1.00mol/Lの濃度となるように溶解し、更に(I)としてLiN(SO2F)(COCN)を0.02質量%の濃度となるように溶解し、電解液No.1-1を調製した。なお、上記の調製は、液温を25℃に維持しながら行った。電解液No.1-1の調製条件を表1に示す。
また、(I)の種類や濃度を以下の表1のように変えて、それ以外は電解液No.1-1の調製と同様の手順で電解液No.1-2~1-8、比較電解液No.1-1~1-3を調製した。なお、比較電解液No.1-2、1-3の調製では、(I)の代わりにスクシノニトリル(以降「SN」)を用いた。
LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2粉末91.0質量%に、バインダーとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン(以降「PVDF」)を4.5質量%、導電材としてアセチレンブラックを4.5質量%混合し、更にN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(以降「NMP」)をLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2粉末、バインダー、及び導電材の総質量に対して、45質量%添加し、正極合材ペーストを作製した。このペーストをアルミニウム箔(A1085)の両面に塗布して、乾燥、加圧を行った後に、4cm×5cmに打ち抜くことで試験用NCM811正極を得た。
人造黒鉛粉末98.0質量%に、バインダーとして1.0質量%のカルボキシメチルセルロース(以降「CMC」)、1.0質量%のスチレンブタジエンコポリマー(以降「SBR」)を混合し、更に純水を人造黒鉛粉末及びバインダーの総質量に対して、50質量%添加し、負極合材ペーストを作製した。このペーストを銅箔の片面に塗布して、乾燥、加圧を行った後に、4.5cm×5.5cmに打ち抜くことで試験用黒鉛負極を得た。
<非水系電解液二次電池の作製>
上記の試験用NCM811正極と、試験用黒鉛負極と、セルロース製セパレータとを備えるアルミラミネート外装セル(容量70mAh)に、上記表1に記載の電解液No.1-1~1-8、及び比較電解液No.1-1~1-3をそれぞれ含浸させ、実施例1-1~1-8、比較例1-1~1-3に係る非水系電解液二次電池を得た。
実施例1-1~1-8、比較例1-1~1-3に係る非水系電解液二次電池のそれぞれについて、以下の評価を実施した。
上述のように電解液を含浸させたそれぞれのセルを、25℃の環境温度で12時間静置(含浸時間:12時間)した後、25℃の環境温度で、以下の条件でコンディショニングを実施した。すなわち、初回充放電として、充電上限電圧4.3V、0.1Cレート(7mA)で定電流定電圧充電し、放電終止電圧3.0Vまで0.2Cレート定電流で放電を行い、その後、充電上限電圧4.3V、0.2Cレートで定電流定電圧充電し、放電終止電圧3.0Vまで0.2Cレート定電流で放電を行う充放電サイクルを3回繰り返した。
上記コンディショニングを実施後、25℃の環境温度において充電上限電圧4.3Vまで定電流定電圧法で、0.2Cレートで定電流定電圧充電し、-30℃の環境温度で放電終止電圧3.0Vまで5Cレート定電流で放電を行ったときの放電容量(-30℃放電容量)を測定した。なお、下記表2には、比較例1-1の容量を100とした場合の、各実施例・比較例の容量の相対値を記載した。容量の相対値が大きいほど、初期抵抗が小さいことを意味する。
上述のように電解液を含浸させたそれぞれのセルを、25℃の環境温度で3日間静置(含浸時間:3日間)した後、初回充放電として25℃の環境温度で、充電上限電圧4.3V、0.1Cレート(7mA)で定電流定電圧充電し、放電終止電圧3.0Vまで0.2Cレート定電流で放電を行い、その初回放電容量を比較した。表2には、比較例1-1の容量を100とした場合の、各実施例・比較例の初回放電容量の相対値を示す。
上述のように電解液を含浸させたそれぞれのセルを、25℃の環境温度で12時間静置(含浸時間:12時間)した後、25℃の環境温度で、以下の条件でコンディショニングを実施した。すなわち、初回充放電として、充電上限電圧4.3V、0.1Cレート(7mA)で定電流定電圧充電し、放電終止電圧3.0Vまで0.2Cレート定電流で放電を行い、その後、充電上限電圧4.3V、0.2Cレートで定電流定電圧充電し、放電終止電圧3.0Vまで0.2Cレート定電流で放電を行う充放電サイクルを3回繰り返した。この3回目の放電容量を初期容量とする。
上記コンディショニングを実施後、放電状態のセルに、更に75Ωの定抵抗で0Vまで放電を行うことで過放電状態とし、3日間放置する。放置後、再びこのセルを25℃の環境温度で、充電上限電圧4.3V、0.2Cレートで定電流定電圧充電し、放電終止電圧3.0Vまで0.2Cレート定電流で放電を行い、そのときの放電容量を測定し、初期容量に対する容量維持率を求めた。なお、下記表2には、比較例1-1の容量維持率を100とした場合の、各実施例・比較例の容量維持率の相対値である「過放電後放電容量維持率」を記載した。
また、過放電後放電容量維持率を比較すると、(I)を用いることで、過放電状態となった場合でも、過放電後の放電容量維持率は、比較例1-2と同等な容量を有することがわかった。これは、負極集電体である銅の溶出を抑制していることを示唆する結果である。
活物質が炭素材料を含む場合、充電をおこなっていない段階の負極の電位が銅の溶出電位以上であるため、電解液が注液された時点から銅の溶解がはじまる。溶出した銅が正極上に析出することや、充電時に負極上に析出することにより、セルの容量が低下することが一般的に知られている。
Claims (11)
- (I)下記一般式[1a]で表される化合物と、
(II)溶質と、
(III)非水有機溶媒と、
を含有することを特徴とする非水系電解液。
M+ [X-S(=O)2-N-C(=O)-R]- [1a]
(一般式[1a]中、Xは、ハロゲン原子を表し、Rは、-CN基又は-OCN基を表し、そして、M+は、アルカリ金属イオンを表す。) - 前記一般式[1a]のXが、フッ素原子である、請求項1に記載の非水系電解液。
- 前記(I)の濃度が、電解液総量に対して0.01~5.00質量%である、請求項1又は2に記載の非水系電解液。
- 前記(II)が、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiCF3SO3、LiC4F9SO3、LiAlO2、LiAlCl4、LiCl、及びLiIからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つ、又は、NaPF6、NaBF4、NaSbF6、NaAsF6、NaClO4、NaCF3SO3、NaC4F9SO3、NaAlO2、NaAlCl4、NaCl、及びNaIからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の非水系電解液。
- 前記(III)が、環状エステル、鎖状エステル、環状エーテル、鎖状エーテル、スルホン化合物、スルホキシド化合物、及びイオン液体からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つである、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の非水系電解液。
- 前記(III)が、環状エステルであり、前記環状エステルが、環状カーボネートである、請求項5に記載の非水系電解液。
- 前記(III)が、鎖状エステルであり、前記鎖状エステルが、鎖状カーボネートである、請求項5に記載の非水系電解液。
- 更に、ジフルオロ(オキサラト)ホウ酸塩、ビス(オキサラト)ホウ酸塩、テトラフルオロ(オキサラト)リン酸塩、ジフルオロビス(オキサラト)リン酸塩、トリス(オキサラト)リン酸塩、ジフルオロリン酸塩、フルオロスルホン酸塩、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド塩、ビニレンカーボネート、ビニレンカーボネートのオリゴマー(ポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量が170~5000)、ビニルエチレンカーボネート、フルオロエチレンカーボネート、1,6-ジイソシアナトヘキサン、エチニルエチレンカーボネート、trans-ジフルオロエチレンカーボネート、プロパンサルトン、プロペンサルトン、1,3,2-ジオキサチオラン-2,2-ジオキシド、4-プロピル-1,3,2-ジオキサチオラン-2,2-ジオキシド、メチレンメタンジスルホネート、1,2-エタンジスルホン酸無水物、メタンスルホニルフルオリド、トリス(トリメチルシリル)ボレート、(エトキシ)ペンタフルオロシクロトリホスファゼン、リチウムテトラフルオロ(マロナト)ホスフェート、テトラフルオロ(ピコリナト)ホスフェート、1,3-ジメチル-1,3-ジビニル-1,3-ジ(1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロイソプロピル)ジシロキサン、t-ブチルベンゼン、t-アミルベンゼン、フルオロベンゼン、及びシクロヘキシルベンゼンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの添加剤を含有する、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の非水系電解液。
- 銅を含む集電体を備えた非水系電解液二次電池に用いられる請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の非水系電解液。
- 少なくとも、正極と、負極と、セパレータと、及び請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の非水系電解液とを備える、非水系電解液二次電池。
- 前記負極が、集電体として銅を含む請求項10に記載の非水系電解液二次電池。
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