WO2012169022A1 - 半導体装置とその製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置とその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012169022A1 WO2012169022A1 PCT/JP2011/063137 JP2011063137W WO2012169022A1 WO 2012169022 A1 WO2012169022 A1 WO 2012169022A1 JP 2011063137 W JP2011063137 W JP 2011063137W WO 2012169022 A1 WO2012169022 A1 WO 2012169022A1
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- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/30—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by physical imperfections; having polished or roughened surface
- H01L29/32—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by physical imperfections; having polished or roughened surface the imperfections being within the semiconductor body
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/70—Bipolar devices
- H01L29/72—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals
- H01L29/739—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals controlled by field-effect, e.g. bipolar static induction transistors [BSIT]
- H01L29/7393—Insulated gate bipolar mode transistors, i.e. IGBT; IGT; COMFET
- H01L29/7395—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/06—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions
- H01L29/08—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape; characterised by the shapes, relative sizes, or dispositions of the semiconductor regions ; characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities within semiconductor regions with semiconductor regions connected to an electrode carrying current to be rectified, amplified or switched and such electrode being part of a semiconductor device which comprises three or more electrodes
- H01L29/083—Anode or cathode regions of thyristors or gated bipolar-mode devices
- H01L29/0834—Anode regions of thyristors or gated bipolar-mode devices, e.g. supplementary regions surrounding anode regions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66234—Bipolar junction transistors [BJT]
- H01L29/66325—Bipolar junction transistors [BJT] controlled by field-effect, e.g. insulated gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66234—Bipolar junction transistors [BJT]
- H01L29/66325—Bipolar junction transistors [BJT] controlled by field-effect, e.g. insulated gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/70—Bipolar devices
- H01L29/72—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals
- H01L29/739—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals controlled by field-effect, e.g. bipolar static induction transistors [BSIT]
- H01L29/7393—Insulated gate bipolar mode transistors, i.e. IGBT; IGT; COMFET
- H01L29/7395—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT
- H01L29/7396—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT with a non planar surface, e.g. with a non planar gate or with a trench or recess or pillar in the surface of the emitter, base or collector region for improving current density or short circuiting the emitter and base regions
- H01L29/7397—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT with a non planar surface, e.g. with a non planar gate or with a trench or recess or pillar in the surface of the emitter, base or collector region for improving current density or short circuiting the emitter and base regions and a gate structure lying on a slanted or vertical surface or formed in a groove, e.g. trench gate IGBT
Definitions
- the technology described in this specification relates to a semiconductor device and a manufacturing method thereof.
- a crystal defect is formed by irradiating a part of a semiconductor substrate with charged particles.
- Patent Document 1 in a semiconductor device in which a diode and an IGBT are formed on the same semiconductor substrate, a crystal is formed in a region near the bottom surface of the trench gate of the drift layer of the semiconductor substrate. A defect is formed.
- Crystal defects are usually formed by irradiating a semiconductor substrate with charged particles.
- the charged particles pass through the semiconductor substrate and stop in the semiconductor substrate, and a local defect region having a high crystal defect density is formed near the position where the charged particles stop.
- This local defect region effectively functions as a lifetime control region.
- crystal defects are also formed in the region through which the charged particles have passed.
- the region where crystal defects are formed by the charged particles has a higher specific resistance than before the charged particle irradiation. As a result, the change in the depth direction of the specific resistance of the semiconductor substrate is increased, and the leakage current of the semiconductor device and the breakdown voltage are liable to occur.
- a semiconductor device disclosed in this specification includes a first conductivity type drift layer formed on a semiconductor substrate, and a second conductivity type body layer located on a surface side of the drift layer and formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate. ,have.
- the drift layer has a lifetime control region, and when the maximum value of the crystal defect density of the drift layer that changes in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate is h, the crystal defect density is h. This is an area that is equal to or greater than / 2.
- the lifetime control region is formed by irradiating charged particles to a first conductivity type pre-drift layer including a first resistance layer and a second resistance layer having a specific resistance lower than that of the first resistance layer. At least a part of the control region is formed within the second resistance layer.
- the semiconductor device described above at least a part of the lifetime control region is formed within the range of the second resistance layer. Since the specific resistance of the second resistance layer is lower than the specific resistance of the first resistance layer, the specific resistance of the second resistance layer becomes too high even if crystal defects are formed in the second resistance layer at a high density. Is prevented. A semiconductor device in which the change in the depth direction of the specific resistance of the drift layer is mitigated as compared with the prior art can be provided.
- the first resistance layer includes a third resistance layer through which charged particles pass and a fourth resistance layer through which charged particles do not pass when the pre-drift layer is irradiated with charged particles.
- the second resistance layer may be disposed on one side of the front surface or the back surface, and the fourth resistance layer may be disposed on the other side of the front surface or the back surface of the second resistance layer. In this case, it is preferable that the specific resistance of the third resistance layer is lower than the specific resistance of the fourth resistance layer.
- the second resistance layer may be an epitaxial layer.
- the present specification can also provide a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device. That is, the present specification has a first conductivity type drift layer formed on a semiconductor substrate and a second conductivity type body layer located on the surface side of the drift layer and formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- the drift layer has a lifetime control region in which the crystal defect density is h / 2 or more, where h is the maximum value of the crystal defect density of the drift layer that changes in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device can be provided.
- the step of manufacturing the drift layer includes forming a first conductivity type pre-drift layer including a first resistance layer and a second resistance layer having a specific resistance lower than that of the first resistance layer; Irradiating the pre-drift layer with charged particles so that at least a part of the lifetime control region is included in the second resistance layer.
- the first resistance layer may include a third resistance layer and a fourth resistance layer having a specific resistance lower than that of the third resistance layer.
- the second resistance layer is formed between the third resistance layer and the fourth resistance layer, and in the step of irradiating the charged particles, the charged particles are transferred to the fourth resistance layer.
- the pre-drift layer is preferably irradiated from the side.
- the second resistance layer may be formed by an epitaxial method.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing specific resistance values before and after crystal defect formation of the semiconductor device according to Example 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the specific resistance value before and behind crystal defect formation of the conventional semiconductor device.
- 6 is a diagram for explaining the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing specific resistance values before and after crystal defect formation in a semiconductor device according to Example 2.
- the first resistance layer may be a single layer having a specific resistance within a predetermined range or a plurality of layers having specific resistances different from each other. May be.
- the first resistance layer may include a third resistance layer and a fourth resistance layer having a specific resistance lower than that of the third resistance layer.
- the second resistance layer is formed between the third resistance layer and the fourth resistance layer, and in the step of irradiating the charged particles, the charged particles are transferred to the fourth resistance layer.
- the pre-drift layer is preferably irradiated from the side.
- the second resistance layer includes a constant resistance region in which the specific resistance is constant in the depth direction, and the specific resistance of the constant resistance region is the second resistance layer. It may be the minimum value of the specific resistance.
- a constant resistance region in which the specific resistance is minimum in the depth direction and constant in the depth direction may be formed in a part of the second resistance layer.
- the constant resistance region can be formed by an epitaxial method.
- the second resistance layer is preferably formed by an epitaxial method.
- the specific resistance distribution (distribution in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate) of the second resistance layer is preferably a distribution having a minimum value, and a curved shape having a peak. Particularly preferred.
- the lifetime control region has a peak of crystal defect density formed by irradiating charged particles.
- MX maximum value of the specific resistance in the depth direction of the second resistance layer
- MN low resistance region where the specific resistance of the second resistance layer is MN + (MX ⁇ MN) / 2 or less. It is preferable that it overlaps at least a part of the lifetime control region.
- the step of irradiating the charged particles it is particularly preferable to irradiate the charged particles so that the peak of the crystal defect density is formed in the second resistance layer. That is, it is preferable that the irradiation is performed so that the charged particles stop on the second resistance layer.
- the semiconductor device according to the present application may be any device as long as the drift layer is irradiated with charged particles to form a lifetime control region having a high crystal defect density.
- a diode, IGBT, or an RC-IGBT in which an IGBT and a free wheel diode are formed on the same semiconductor substrate may be used.
- a first conductivity type semiconductor layer having a first conductivity type impurity concentration higher than that of the drift layer is formed on the back surface of the semiconductor substrate (the back surface side of the drift layer).
- the first conductivity type semiconductor layer and the body layer function as a cathode and an anode of the diode.
- a collector layer is formed on the back surface of the semiconductor substrate (the back surface side of the drift layer).
- a body layer is formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate (the surface side of the drift layer).
- An emitter layer is formed on a part of the surface of the body layer. The body layer and the emitter layer are exposed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- An insulated gate is formed on the surface side of the semiconductor substrate so as to be in contact with the body layer in a portion that separates the emitter layer and the drift layer.
- a collector layer or a cathode layer is formed on the back surface of the semiconductor substrate (the back surface side of the drift layer).
- a body layer is formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate (the surface side of the drift layer).
- An emitter layer is formed on a part of the surface of the body layer. The body layer and the emitter layer are exposed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- a gate electrode is formed on the surface side of the semiconductor substrate so as to be in contact with a portion of the body layer that separates the emitter layer and the drift layer.
- the RC-IGBT may be a semiconductor device in which a diode region in which a diode element is formed and an IGBT region in which an IGBT element is formed are separated. Further, the semiconductor device may be a semiconductor device in which the structure on the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate is common, the structure on the back surface side is a collector layer or a cathode layer, and diode elements and IGBT elements are mixed.
- a semiconductor device 10 shown in FIG. 1 is an RC-IGBT in which an IGBT and a free wheel diode are formed on the same semiconductor substrate 100.
- the semiconductor device 10 includes a semiconductor substrate 100, an insulating gate 120 and a surface insulating film 131 formed on the surface side of the semiconductor substrate 100, a surface electrode 141 in contact with the surface of the semiconductor substrate 100, and a back surface in contact with the back surface of the semiconductor substrate 100. And an electrode 142.
- the semiconductor substrate 100 has an n-type drift layer 110 and a p-type low concentration body layer 104.
- an n + -type cathode layer 101 and a p + -type collector layer 102 are formed on the back side of the semiconductor substrate 100 adjacent to each other, and are in contact with the back electrode 142.
- an n + -type emitter layer 105 and a p + -type high-concentration body layer 106 are formed.
- the insulated gate 120 includes a trench 121, a gate insulating film 122 formed on the inner wall of the trench 121, and a gate electrode 123 that is covered with the gate insulating film 122 and is filled in the trench 121.
- the insulated gate 120 is in contact with a portion of the low-concentration body layer 104 that separates the emitter layer 105 and the drift layer 110.
- the emitter layer 105 and the high-concentration body layer 106 are in contact with the surface electrode 141.
- the gate electrode 123 is isolated from the surface electrode 141 by the surface insulating film 131.
- a first drift layer 111, a second drift layer 112, and a third drift layer 113 are stacked in order from the surface side of the semiconductor substrate 100.
- a lifetime control region 115 is formed in the second drift layer 112.
- the lifetime control region 115 is a region where the crystal defect density is h / 2 or more, where h is the maximum value of the crystal defect density of the drift layer 110 that changes in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate 100.
- the peak of crystal defect density is located in the second drift layer 112.
- the specific resistance of the first drift layer 111 is ⁇ (1)
- the specific resistance of the second drift layer 112 is ⁇ (2)
- the specific resistance of the third drift layer 113 is ⁇ (3), ⁇ (1) , ⁇ (2), ⁇ (3) are substantially equal ( ⁇ (1) ⁇ (2) ⁇ (3)).
- the specific resistance of the drift layer 110 is substantially constant in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate 100. Note that the thickness of the third drift layer 113 is larger than the thickness of the first drift layer 111 and the second drift layer 112, and the surface of the drift layer 110 (drift from the peak of the crystal defect density in the lifetime control region 115).
- the distance to the interface between the layer 110 and the body layer 104 is from the peak of the crystal defect density in the lifetime control region 115 to the back surface of the drift layer 110 (the interface between the drift layer 110, the cathode layer 101, and the collector layer 102). Is significantly shorter than the distance.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the specific resistance ⁇ of the drift layer 110 of the semiconductor device 10 and also shows the specific resistance of the drift layer (pre-drift layer) before crystal defect formation.
- the solid line 11 indicates the relationship between the specific resistance ⁇ of the drift layer 110 and the depth D of the drift layer 110
- the broken line 12 indicates the relationship between the specific resistance ⁇ of the pre-drift layer and the depth D of the pre-drift layer.
- Reference numerals 111 to 113 indicate the positions of the first drift layer 111, the second drift layer 112, and the third drift layer 113 in the depth direction.
- the specific resistance ⁇ (P1) of the layer (referred to as the first pre-drift layer) located in the first drift layer 111 and the layer (third pre-drift layer) located in the third drift layer 113
- the specific resistance ⁇ (P3) of the drift layer) is substantially constant and higher than the specific resistance ⁇ (P2) of the layer (referred to as the second pre-drift layer) located in the second drift layer 112.
- the specific resistance ⁇ (P1) is higher than the specific resistance ⁇ (P3) ( ⁇ (P1)> ⁇ (P3)> ⁇ (P2)).
- the first pre-drift layer and the third pre-drift layer correspond to a first resistance layer
- the second pre-drift layer corresponds to a second resistance layer having a specific resistance lower than that of the first resistance layer.
- the first pre-drift layer corresponds to a third resistance layer
- the third pre-drift layer corresponds to a fourth resistance layer having a specific resistance lower than that of the third resistance layer.
- the specific resistance distribution of the second pre-drift layer is a distribution having a minimum value as shown by a broken line 12 in a stage before irradiation with charged particles, and particularly a curve shape having a peak. preferable.
- the density distribution of crystal defects formed by irradiating charged particles has a curved shape having a maximum value peak in the depth direction of the semiconductor device. If the specific resistance distribution of the second pre-drift layer has a curved shape having a minimum value peak, it is possible to efficiently obtain the effect of alleviating the decrease in the specific resistance of the second pre-drift layer due to crystal defects. The change in the depth direction of the specific resistance can be reduced.
- the second pre-drift layer is irradiated.
- a peak of crystal defect density is formed in the drift layer.
- Low density crystal defects are also formed in the third pre-drift layer, which is a layer through which the charged particles have passed (third resistance layer).
- no crystal defect is formed in the first pre-drift layer where the charged particles do not reach.
- the crystal defect density is distributed in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate in a shape in which the broken line 12 is inverted up and down.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the distribution of the specific resistance ⁇ of the pre-drift layer and the drift layer of the conventional semiconductor device. Since the only difference between the conventional semiconductor device and the semiconductor device 10 according to the first embodiment is the distribution in the depth direction of the specific resistance of the pre-drift layer and the drift layer, the specific structure of the conventional semiconductor device will be described. Is omitted.
- the solid line 21 shows the relationship between the specific resistance ⁇ and the depth D of the conventional drift layer, and the broken line 22 shows the relationship between the specific resistance ⁇ of the conventional pre-drift layer and the depth D of the pre-drift layer. .
- the specific resistance of the pre-drift layer is substantially constant in the depth direction
- the peak of the crystal defect density is formed at the position of the second pre-drift layer
- the specific resistance of the drift layer is It has a distribution in the depth direction as shown by the solid line 21.
- the specific resistance of the drift layer has a distribution with a large change in the depth direction as shown by the solid line 21, the effective carrier density of the drift layer is lowered during the IGBT operation, and the depletion layer is likely to expand. As a result, the depletion layer easily reaches the collector layer on the back surface, the breakdown voltage of the semiconductor device is lowered, and the leakage current is increased.
- As a method for suppressing the breakdown voltage reduction there are a method of increasing the thickness of the semiconductor substrate and a method of reducing the specific resistance of the entire pre-drift layer. However, increasing the thickness of the semiconductor substrate increases the resistance of the entire semiconductor device, which tends to cause poor conduction. When the specific resistance of the entire pre-drift layer is reduced, the characteristic variation of the diode increases.
- the specific resistance of the pre-drift layer is distributed so as to cancel out the specific resistance ⁇ that increases by irradiating charged particles. Yes.
- the specific resistance of the drift layer 110 obtained by forming crystal defects can be made substantially constant in the depth direction.
- the breakdown voltage is reduced and the leakage current is increased in the semiconductor device having the lifetime control region. It is possible to achieve both suppression and suppression of conduction failure by thinning the semiconductor substrate. Further, in a semiconductor device provided with a diode, variation in characteristics of the diode can be suppressed.
- Pre-drift layer formation process 4 to 6 show a process of forming the pre-drift layer 510.
- FIG. 4 an n-type semiconductor wafer is prepared as the third pre-drift layer 513.
- the thickness of the n-type wafer shown in FIG. 4 is substantially equal to the thickness of the third pre-drift layer 513.
- a second pre-drift layer 512 which is an epitaxial layer, is formed on the surface of the third pre-drift layer 513 using an epitaxial method. Since the specific resistance of the pre-drift layer becomes lower as the impurity concentration is higher, the specific resistance of the second pre-drift layer 512 can be adjusted by adjusting the impurity concentration of the second pre-drift layer 512. In the presence of an n-type dopant gas and a silicon growth gas adjusted so that the n-type impurity concentration of the second pre-drift layer 512 is higher than the n-type impurity concentration of the third pre-drift layer 513 The second pre-drift layer 512 is formed by performing the method.
- a first pre-drift layer 511 that is an epitaxial layer is formed on the surface of the second pre-drift layer 512 by using an epitaxial method. N-type dopant gas and silicon growth adjusted so that the n-type impurity concentration of the first pre-drift layer 511 is lower than the n-type impurity concentration of the second pre-drift layer 512 and the third pre-drift layer 513
- the first pre-drift layer 511 is formed by performing an epitaxial method in the presence of gas. Thereafter, annealing treatment such as heat treatment is performed to activate the n-type dopant.
- the specific resistance ⁇ (P1) of the first pre-drift layer 511, the specific resistance ⁇ (P2) of the second pre-drift layer 512, and the specific resistance ⁇ (P3) of the third pre-drift layer 513 are represented by ⁇ (P1) It is possible to manufacture the pre-drift layer 510 adjusted so that> ⁇ (P3)> ⁇ (P2).
- FIG. 7 shows a state after the formation of the front-side and back-side structures of the semiconductor substrate 100 excluding the front-side electrode 141 and the back-side electrode 142 after the pre-drift layer 510 is formed.
- the charged particles are irradiated from the back side of the semiconductor substrate 100.
- Charged particles to be irradiated is not particularly limited, helium (4 He, 3 He) ions, hydrogen (1 H, 2 H, 3 H) ion is particularly preferable.
- the charged particles irradiated from the back side of the semiconductor substrate 100 pass through the third pre-drift layer 513 and stop in the second pre-drift layer 512.
- the second pre-drift layer 512 where the charged particles stop, a peak of crystal defect density is formed, and high-density crystal defects are formed. Low density crystal defects are also formed in the third pre-drift layer 513 through which the charged particles pass.
- the first pre-drift layer 511, the second pre-drift layer 512, and the third pre-drift layer 513 are converted into the first drift layer 111, the second drift layer 112, and the third drift layer 113, respectively, as shown in FIG. It becomes.
- the crystal defect density formed in the first pre-drift layer 111 by irradiation of charged particles is X (1)
- the crystal defect density formed in the second pre-drift layer 112 is X (2)
- the third pre-drift layer Assuming that the crystal defect density formed at 113 is X (3), X (2)> X (3)> X (1).
- the specific resistance of each pre-drift layer is ⁇ (P1)> ⁇ (P3)> ⁇ (P2), the difference in specific resistance of each drift layer obtained after irradiation with charged particles can be reduced.
- the specific resistance ⁇ (P1) of each pre-drift layer is such that the specific resistance of each drift layer becomes ⁇ (1) ⁇ (2) ⁇ (3).
- ⁇ (P2), ⁇ (P3) are adjusted in advance.
- the pre-drift layer 510 in the step of forming the pre-drift layer 510, the first pre-drift layer 511 that is the third resistance layer and the third resistance layer that is the fourth resistance layer. A pre-drift layer 513 and a second pre-drift layer 512 that is a second resistance layer are formed.
- the pre-drift layer 510 is irradiated with charged particles so that at least a part of the lifetime control region 115 is included in the second pre-drift layer 512.
- the charged particles pass through the third pre-drift layer 513 and stop in the second pre-drift layer 512.
- Crystal defects are formed in the second pre-drift layer 512 at a high density and in the third pre-drift layer 513 at a low density.
- the peak of crystal defect density is located in the second pre-drift layer 512 where the charged particles stop. Since the specific resistance of the second pre-drift layer 512 is lower than that of the first pre-drift layer 511 and the third pre-drift layer 513, the specific resistance of the second pre-drift layer 512 is formed by forming crystal defects at a high density. Can be prevented from becoming too high.
- the specific resistance of the third pre-drift layer 513 through which the charged particles pass is lower than the specific resistance of the first pre-drift layer 511 through which the charged particles do not pass, crystals formed in the third pre-drift layer 513 at a low density It can be prevented that the specific resistance of the third pre-drift layer 513 is increased due to the defect. According to the present embodiment, it is possible to easily manufacture the semiconductor device 10 in which the change in the depth direction of the specific resistance of the drift layer 110 is reduced as compared with the conventional example.
- the second pre-drift layer 512 is formed as an epitaxial layer, the non-conductive impurities (for example, carbon and oxygen) in the second pre-drift layer 512 have a low concentration and a small variation.
- the semiconductor wafer can be used as the thickest third pre-drift layer 513, the semiconductor device 10 can be thinned and the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device 10 can be simplified. The material cost and manufacturing cost of the semiconductor device 10 can be reduced.
- the second pre-drift layer 512 may be formed so as to include a constant resistance region having a constant specific resistance. That is, before the annealing treatment, the pre-drift layer 510 may have a specific resistance distribution as indicated by a thin broken line 13 in FIG.
- the specific resistance of the second pre-drift layer 512 may include a constant resistance region where the specific resistance is constant as indicated by a thin broken line 13 before the annealing process. In this case, the specific resistance of the constant resistance region may be the minimum value of the specific resistance of the second pre-drift layer 512.
- the pre-drift layer 510 having the curved specific resistance distribution indicated by the broken line 12 in FIG. 9 is changed.
- the second pre-drift layer 512 having a constant resistance region where the specific resistance is constant as indicated by the thin broken line 13 can be easily formed. Is possible.
- Example 2 the pre-drift layer forming process of the semiconductor device 10 described in Example 1 will be described with another example.
- the description of other components of the semiconductor device 10 is omitted, but those skilled in the art can understand that it can be manufactured using a conventionally known manufacturing method.
- the charged particle irradiation process is the same as that in the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- Pre-drift layer formation process 10 to 12 show a process of forming the pre-drift layer 610.
- FIG. 10 an n-type semiconductor wafer is prepared as the third pre-drift layer 613. Note that the thickness of the n-type semiconductor wafer shown in FIG. 10 is larger than the thickness of the third pre-drift layer 613 after completion of the pre-drift layer forming step.
- the surface layer of the third pre-drift layer 613 is irradiated with an n-type dopant so that the n-type impurity concentration is higher than that of the third pre-drift layer 613. 612 is formed.
- the thickness of the third pre-drift layer 613 is reduced by the thickness of the second pre-drift 612.
- a first pre-drift layer 611 that is an epitaxial layer is formed on the surface of the second pre-drift layer 612 using an epitaxial method.
- N-type dopant gas and silicon growth adjusted so that the n-type impurity concentration of the first pre-drift layer 611 is lower than the n-type impurity concentration of the second pre-drift layer 612 and the third pre-drift layer 613
- An epitaxial method is performed in the presence of gas to form the first pre-drift layer 611. Thereafter, annealing treatment such as heat treatment is performed to activate the n-type dopant.
- the pre-drift layer 610 adjusted to satisfy ⁇ (P1)> ⁇ (P3)> ⁇ (P2) can be manufactured.
- the second pre-drift layer 612 is not formed as an epitaxial layer, the material cost and the manufacturing cost can be further reduced as compared with the method described in Example 1. Thereafter, in FIG.
- the structure on the front surface side and the back surface side of the semiconductor substrate 100 excluding the front surface electrode 141 and the back surface electrode 142 is formed as in the first embodiment. Then, a charged particle irradiation process is performed. Thereby, the semiconductor device 10 can be manufactured.
- the semiconductor device 30 includes a semiconductor substrate 300, an insulating gate 320 and a surface insulating film 331 formed on the surface side of the semiconductor substrate 300, a surface electrode 341 in contact with the surface of the semiconductor substrate 300, a semiconductor And a back electrode 342 in contact with the back surface of the substrate 300.
- the semiconductor substrate 300 has an n-type drift layer 310 and a p-type low-concentration body layer 304.
- a p + -type collector layer 302 is formed on the back side of the drift layer 310.
- the collector layer 302 is exposed on the back surface of the semiconductor substrate 300 and is in contact with the back electrode 342.
- a first drift layer 311, a second drift layer 312, and a third drift layer 313 are stacked in order from the back surface side of the semiconductor substrate 300.
- a lifetime control region 315 is formed in the second drift layer 312.
- the lifetime control region 315 is a region where the crystal defect density is h / 2 or more, where h is the maximum value of the crystal defect density of the drift layer 310 that changes in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate 300.
- the peak of crystal defect density is located in the second drift layer 312.
- the specific resistance of the first drift layer 311 is ⁇ (1)
- the specific resistance of the second drift layer 312 is ⁇ (2)
- the specific resistance of the third drift layer 313 is ⁇ (3)
- ⁇ (1) , ⁇ (2), ⁇ (3) are substantially equal ( ⁇ (1) ⁇ (2) ⁇ (3)).
- the specific resistance of the drift layer 310 is substantially constant in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate 300. Note that the thickness of the third drift layer 313 is thicker than the thickness of the first drift layer 311 and the second drift layer 312, and the back surface of the drift layer 310 (drift from the peak of the crystal defect density in the lifetime control region 115).
- the distance from the peak of the crystal defect density in the lifetime control region 315 to the surface of the drift layer 310 (interface between the drift layer 310 and the body layer 304) is larger than the distance from the layer 310 to the collector layer 302). Remarkably short. Since the other configuration is the same as that of the semiconductor device 10 shown in FIG. 1, the description is omitted by replacing the reference numbers in the 100s with the 300s.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the specific resistance ⁇ of the drift layer 310 of the semiconductor device 30 and also shows the specific resistance of the drift layer (pre-drift layer) before crystal defect formation.
- a solid line 31 indicates the relationship between the specific resistance ⁇ of the drift layer 310 and the depth D of the drift layer 310, and a broken line 32 indicates the relationship between the specific resistance ⁇ of the pre-drift layer and the depth D of the pre-drift layer.
- Reference numerals 311 to 313 indicate the positions of the first drift layer 311, the second drift layer 312, and the third drift layer 313 in the depth direction.
- the specific resistance ⁇ (P1) of the layer (referred to as the first pre-drift layer) located in the first drift layer 311 and the layer (third pre-drift layer) located in the third drift layer 313
- the specific resistance ⁇ (P3) of the drift layer is substantially constant and higher than the specific resistance ⁇ (P2) of the layer (referred to as the second pre-drift layer) located in the second drift layer 312.
- the specific resistance ⁇ (P1) is higher than the specific resistance ⁇ (P3) ( ⁇ (P1)> ⁇ (P3)> ⁇ (P2)).
- the first pre-drift layer and the third pre-drift layer correspond to a first resistance layer
- the second pre-drift layer corresponds to a second resistance layer having a specific resistance lower than that of the first resistance layer.
- the first pre-drift layer corresponds to a third resistance layer
- the third pre-drift layer corresponds to a fourth resistance layer having a specific resistance lower than that of the third resistance layer.
- the second pre-drift layer is irradiated.
- a peak of crystal defect density is formed in the drift layer.
- Low density crystal defects are also formed in the third pre-drift layer, which is a layer through which the charged particles have passed (third resistance layer).
- no crystal defect is formed in the first pre-drift layer where the charged particles do not reach.
- the crystal defect density is distributed in the depth direction of the semiconductor substrate in a shape in which the broken line 32 is inverted up and down.
- the manufacturing method described in the first and second embodiments can be applied.
- the first pre-drift layer and the second pre-drift layer are formed by the method described in Example 1 or 2, and charged particles are irradiated from the surface side of the semiconductor substrate Then, the semiconductor device 30 can be easily manufactured.
- a drift layer can be manufactured by an epitaxial method using a semiconductor wafer as a collector layer.
- RC-IGBT and IGBT have been described as examples, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the semiconductor device is a diode, the configurations and manufacturing methods of Examples 1 to 3 can be applied.
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Abstract
Description
図1に示す半導体装置10は、IGBTと還流ダイオードが同一の半導体基板100に形成されたRC-IGBTである。
半導体装置10のドリフト層を製造する工程を一例を挙げて説明する。なお、半導体装置10のその他の構成については説明を省略するが、従来公知の製造方法を用いて製造することが可能であることは当業者であれば理解できる。
図4~図6は、プレドリフト層510を形成する工程を示している。図4に示すように、第3プレドリフト層513として、n型の半導体ウェハを準備する。図4に示すn型のウェハの厚さは、第3プレドリフト層513の厚さに略等しい。
図7,8は荷電粒子を照射する工程を示している。図7は、プレドリフト層510を形成した後に、さらに、表面電極141および裏面電極142を除く半導体基板100の表面側および裏面側の構造を形成した後の状態を示している。
上記に説明した実施例において、第2プレドリフト層512は、比抵抗が一定である定抵抗領域を含むように形成されてもよい。すなわち、アニール処理前の段階では、プレドリフト層510は、図9の細い破線13に示すような比抵抗の分布を有するものであってもよい。第2プレドリフト層512の比抵抗は、アニール処理前には、細い破線13に示すように比抵抗が一定である定抵抗領域を含むものであってもよい。また、この場合、定抵抗領域の比抵抗は、第2プレドリフト層512の比抵抗の最小値であってもよい。なお、図9の細い破線13に示す比抵抗分布を有するプレドリフト層510にアニール処理を行うと、図9の破線12に示す曲線状の比抵抗分布を有するプレドリフト層510に変化する。上記で説明した、第2プレドリフト層512をエピタキシャル法で形成する方法では、細い破線13のような比抵抗が一定である定抵抗領域を有する第2プレドリフト層512を容易に形成することが可能である。
図10~図12は、プレドリフト層610を形成する工程を示している。図10に示すように、第3プレドリフト層613として、n型の半導体ウェハを準備する。なお、図10に示すn型の半導体ウェハの厚さは、プレドリフト層形成工程終了後の第3プレドリフト層613の厚さよりも厚い。
Claims (6)
- 半導体基板に形成された第1導電型のドリフト層と、
ドリフト層の表面側に位置し、半導体基板の表面に形成された第2導電型のボディ層と、を有しており、
ドリフト層は、ライフタイム制御領域を有しており、
ライフタイム制御領域は、半導体基板の深さ方向に変化するドリフト層の結晶欠陥密度の極大値をhとした場合に、結晶欠陥密度がh/2以上となる領域であり、第1抵抗層と、第1抵抗層よりも比抵抗が低い第2抵抗層とを含む第1導電型のプレドリフト層に荷電粒子を照射することによって形成され、
ライフタイム制御領域の少なくとも一部は、第2抵抗層の範囲内に形成される、半導体装置。 - 第1抵抗層は、プレドリフト層に荷電粒子を照射する際に、荷電粒子が通過する第3抵抗層と、荷電粒子が通過しない第4抵抗層を備えており、
第3抵抗層は、第2抵抗層の表面又は裏面の一方側に配置され、第4抵抗層は、第2抵抗層の表面又は裏面の他方側に配置されており、
第3抵抗層の比抵抗は、第4抵抗層の比抵抗よりも低い、請求項1に記載の半導体装置。 - 第2抵抗層は、エピタキシャル層である、請求項1または2に記載の半導体装置。
- 半導体基板に形成された第1導電型のドリフト層と、
ドリフト層の表面側に位置し、半導体基板の表面に形成された第2導電型のボディ層と、を有しており、
ドリフト層は、半導体基板の深さ方向に変化するドリフト層の結晶欠陥密度の極大値をhとした場合に、結晶欠陥密度がh/2以上である、ライフタイム制御領域を有する半導体装置の製造方法であって、
ドリフト層を製造する工程は、
第1抵抗層と、第1抵抗層よりも比抵抗が低い第2抵抗層とを含む第1導電型のプレドリフト層を形成する工程と、
ライフタイム制御領域の少なくとも一部が第2抵抗層に含まれるように、プレドリフト層に荷電粒子を照射する工程とを含む、半導体装置の製造方法。 - 第1抵抗層は、第3抵抗層と、第3抵抗層よりも比抵抗が低い第4抵抗層を有しており、
プレドリフト層を形成する工程では、第2抵抗層は、第3抵抗層と第4抵抗層との間に形成され、
荷電粒子を照射する工程では、荷電粒子は、第4抵抗層側からプレドリフト層に照射される、請求項4に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 第2抵抗層は、エピタキシャル法によって形成する、請求項4または5に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
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