WO2012132155A1 - マンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末およびその製造方法、非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末およびその製造方法、ならびに非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
マンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末およびその製造方法、非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末およびその製造方法、ならびに非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1242—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [Mn2O4]-, e.g. LiMn2O4, Li[MxMn2-x]O4
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- C01G51/44—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese
- C01G51/54—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese of the type [Mn2O4]-, e.g. Li(CoxMn2-x)04, Li(MyCoxMn2-x-y)O4
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- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/54—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [Mn2O4]-, e.g. Li(NixMn2-x)O4, Li(MyNixMn2-x-y)O4
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- C30B1/02—Single-crystal growth directly from the solid state by thermal treatment, e.g. strain annealing
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- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
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- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
- C01P2002/54—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants one element only
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- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
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- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
Definitions
- Positive electrode active material particle powder for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with high discharge voltage, high discharge capacity, reduced side reaction with electrolyte, and excellent cycle characteristics, and its production method and precursor A manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder, a method for producing the same, and a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are provided.
- lithium ion secondary batteries having a voltage of 4 V class
- spinel type LiMn 2 O 4 zigzag layered structure LiMnO 2
- layered rock salt type structure LiCoO 2 LiNiO 2, etc.
- lithium ion secondary batteries using LiNiO 2 have attracted attention as batteries having a high discharge capacity.
- LiNiO 2 has a low discharge voltage and is inferior in thermal stability, cycle characteristics, and rate characteristics during charging, further improvement in characteristics is required. There is also a problem that the structure is destroyed when high voltage charging is performed to obtain a high capacity.
- LiMn 2 O 4 is excellent in rate characteristics and cycle characteristics, but has a low discharge voltage and discharge capacity, and is hardly a high-energy positive electrode active material.
- LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 LiCoMnO 4 , Li 1.2 Cr 0.4 Mn 0.4 O 4 , Li 1.2 Cr 0.4 Ti 0.4 O 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiFeMnO 4 , LiNiVO 4 and the like are known.
- LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 has a high discharge voltage in which a discharge plateau region is present at 4.5 V or more, and is excellent in rate characteristics and cycle characteristics. Attention has been paid.
- JP 2000-515672 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-147867 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-110421 JP 2001-185145 A JP 2002-158007 A JP 2003-81637 A JP 2004-349109 A
- High energy positive electrode active materials for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries with high discharge voltage, excellent discharge capacity, and good cycle characteristics are currently the most demanded, but still satisfy the necessary and sufficient requirements. Is not obtained.
- Patent Document 1 it is reported that nickel-containing lithium manganate particles powder in which Ni is uniformly solid-solved is obtained by a sol-gel method in which manganese nitrate, nickel nitrate, and lithium nitrate are mixed with an ethanol solution using an ethanol solvent and carbon black.
- the discharge capacity is less than 100 mAh / g, which is not practical.
- Patent Document 2 reports that a positive electrode active material that can be operated at a high voltage by a solid layer method by mixing electrolytic manganese dioxide, nickel nitrate, and lithium hydroxide and has excellent cycle characteristics is obtained.
- a plateau considered to be derived from Mn 3+ can be confirmed in the vicinity of 4 V, and the capacity due to the plateau exceeds 10 mAh / g. Therefore, it is unstable and not practical as a positive electrode material for high voltage. .
- a positive electrode active material is produced by producing a gel precursor by ball mill mixing lithium carbonate, MnO 2 and nickel nitrate with an ethanol solvent, followed by firing.
- the battery characteristics can be maintained by suppressing the reaction with the electrolyte in the battery at high voltage operation due to the effect of the element, but in this method, F, Cl, Si, and S are brought to the 16d site.
- the molar concentration of Mn and Ni at the site is relatively reduced, and as a result, the positive electrode active material particles themselves become brittle with respect to charge and discharge. Therefore, it is unstable and not practical as a positive electrode material for high voltage. That is, F, Cl, Si, and S present on the surface become resistance components, and as a result, the charge / discharge capacity may be reduced as compared with unadded products.
- Patent Document 4 when co-precipitating with a manganese compound, a nickel compound, and an ammonium compound to obtain a spherical precursor whose primary particles are acicular, Ni and Mn are mixed with a Li compound and fired. Although it has been reported that the residual Ni (NiO) that can become an impurity layer can be reduced, it has been reported that a high discharge capacity and a high discharge capacity have been obtained, but only a discussion on the initial discharge capacity has led to a cycle. No mention is made of stability such as properties, and further stability by suppressing side reactions with the electrolyte by improving the surface properties of the particles. Further, the positive electrode active material described in Patent Document 4 may contain a large amount of impurities during precursor generation, and the impurities may cause instability in battery operation.
- Patent Document 6 reports that after mixing lithium nitrate, manganese nitrate, and nickel nitrate, PVA was dropped and granulated, and then a high-capacity positive electrode material was obtained by firing at a maximum of 500 ° C. Since the firing temperature is low, it is difficult to increase the crystallinity, and the low crystallinity tends to cause a side reaction with the electrolytic solution, and long-term characteristics such as cycle characteristics may not be obtained.
- Patent Document 7 a mixture of manganese sulfate and nickel sulfate in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is pH-controlled and slowly dropped to produce spherical manganese nickel hydroxide with small primary particles without using a complexing material.
- Ni was uniformly dissolved in the particles, and a nickel-manganese composite oxide having a high tap density was obtained, and a positive electrode active material reacted with a Li compound was reported.
- the precursor according to the present invention does not use a complexing material, the shape of the aggregated secondary particles becomes distorted (from the SEM image), and a sufficient tap density can be obtained even if the precursor is heat-treated at a high temperature. Not.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes that it has the crystal structure described in this specification, but does not describe a specific manufacturing method or its shape.
- Non-Patent Document 2 discusses heat generation / endotherm associated with low-temperature phase transition due to oxygen deficiency of lithium manganate, but influence of oxygen deficiency of nickel-containing lithium manganate and substitution of Mn sites with Ni. There is no discussion of the behavior at low temperatures when such factors are added.
- Non-Patent Document 3 describes that the nickel-containing lithium manganate that gives good results is that the space group is Fd-3m. However, when the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention is used, The nickel-containing lithium manganate particle powder is suitable for the material described in Non-Patent Document 3. Note that Non-Patent Document 3 does not consider at all the control of the characteristics of the manganese-nickel composite oxide particles used as the precursor of the nickel-containing lithium manganate.
- a positive electrode active material particle powder comprising a nickel-containing lithium manganate particle powder having a high discharge voltage, excellent charge / discharge capacity, and good cycle characteristics, a method for producing the same, and the positive electrode active material particle powder
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a positive electrode containing
- a precursor suitable for the production of positive electrode active material particle powder comprising nickel-containing lithium manganate for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a high discharge voltage, excellent charge / discharge capacity, and good cycle characteristics.
- Manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder, method for producing the same, method for producing positive electrode active material particle powder produced using the precursor, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary comprising the positive electrode containing the positive electrode active material particle powder Provide batteries.
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode active material particle powder for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a spinel structure represented by the following chemical formula (1), wherein Fd-3m It is a positive electrode active material particle powder for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery characterized by having the following characteristics (A) and / or (B) when indexed with (Invention 1).
- Chemical formula (1) Li 1 + x Mn 2-yz Ni y M z O 4 ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.15, 0.4 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.6, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.20 (M: one or more selected from Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Co, Zn, Sb, Ba, W, Bi)
- the present invention is the positive electrode active material particle powder for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention 1, wherein the average secondary particle diameter (D50) is 4 to 30 ⁇ m in (A) and / or (B). (Invention 2).
- the present invention provides the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention 1 or 2, wherein the specific surface area by the BET method is in the range of 0.05 to 1.00 m 2 / g in (A) and / or (B). Positive electrode active material particle powder (Invention 3).
- the present invention also provides a positive electrode active material powder for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a spinel structure represented by the following chemical formula (1), wherein the average primary particle size is 1.0 to 4.0 ⁇ m, the average The secondary particle size (D50) is 4 to 30 ⁇ m, the BET specific surface area is 0.3 to 1.0 m 2 / g, and the average secondary particle size (D50) and BET specific surface area of the composite oxide powder
- y A positive electrode active material particle powder for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, wherein y ⁇ 10.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 m 3 / g, where y is a product of (Aspect 4) (Invention 4).
- Chemical formula (1) Li 1 + x Mn 2-yz Ni y M z O 4 ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.15, 0.4 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.6, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.20 (M: one or more selected from Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Co, Zn, Sb, Ba, W, Bi)
- the present invention provides a book in which z ⁇ 0.230 degree when the half width of the peak of the (400) plane in the X-ray diffraction of the positive electrode active material particle powder for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is z. It is a positive electrode active material particle powder for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries according to Invention 4 (Invention 5).
- the present invention is the positive electrode active material particle powder for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to any one of the present inventions 1 to 5 having a tap density (500 times) of 1.7 g / ml or more (Invention 6). ).
- the present invention provides the positive electrode active material particle powder according to any one of the present inventions 1 to 6, wherein the sodium content is 30 to 2000 ppm, the sulfur content is 10 to 600 ppm, and the total amount of impurities is 5000 ppm or less. It is a positive electrode active material particle powder for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries (Invention 7).
- the endothermic amount is in the range of 0.3 to 0.8 J / mg when the temperature of the positive electrode active material particle powder is raised from ⁇ 40 ° C. to 70 ° C. by differential scanning calorimetry.
- the present invention provides a positive electrode active material particle powder for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the first or second aspect of the present invention, wherein when the positive electrode active material particle powder is used to form a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, lithium metal
- the capacity of 3.0 V or higher is 130 mAh / g or higher
- the capacity of 4.5 V or higher is 120 mAh / g or higher
- the counter electrode is artificial graphite
- the cycle maintenance rate at 200 cycles is 55% or higher.
- the present invention also provides a secondary battery in which the counter electrode is Li in the positive electrode active material particle powder for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the first or second aspect of the present invention, and is subjected to 30 cycles in a cycle test at 25 ° C.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the first or second aspect of the present invention having a (3.5V-3.0V) capacity of 2 mAh / g or less in a later discharge capacity (Invention 10) ).
- the present invention provides a positive electrode active material particle powder for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention 4 or 5, wherein when the positive electrode active material particle powder is used to form a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, initial charging is performed.
- the ratio indicated by (ba) / b is less than 10%.
- 4 is a positive electrode active material particle powder for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery described in (Invention 11).
- the present invention provides an initial charge when the positive electrode active material particle powder for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention 4 or 5 is used as a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the positive electrode active material particle powder. It is the positive electrode active material particle powder for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries according to the present invention 4 or 5 having a discharge efficiency of 90% or more (the present invention 12).
- the present invention provides a method for producing a positive electrode active material particle powder for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention 4 or 5, wherein a composite compound containing Mn and Ni as main components and a Li compound are mixed and oxidized.
- the present invention is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the positive electrode active material particle powder according to any one of the present inventions 1 to 12 (present invention 14).
- the present invention also relates to a composite oxide mainly composed of Mn and Ni, which is a cubic spinel having a space group of Fd-3m, and is substantially single-phase and has an average primary particle size of 1.0 to 8. It is a manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder characterized by being in the range of 0 ⁇ m (Invention 15).
- the present invention provides the composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention 15, wherein the tap density is 1.8 g / ml or more, and the half-value width of the strongest peak by X-ray diffraction is in the range of 0.15 to 0.25. It is a manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder having the composition formula represented by the following chemical formula (1) (Invention 16).
- the sodium content is 100 to 2000 ppm
- the sulfur content is 10 to 1000 ppm
- the total of impurities is 4000 ppm or less.
- This is a manganese-nickel composite oxide particle powder (Invention 17).
- the present invention also provides an aqueous suspension containing manganese hydroxide by neutralizing an aqueous manganese salt solution with an alkaline aqueous solution in excess of the equivalent of manganese, and then at 60 to 100 ° C.
- a primary reaction to obtain trimanganese tetroxide core particles by performing an oxidation reaction in a temperature range, adding a manganese raw material and a nickel raw material to the reaction solution after the primary reaction, and then performing a secondary reaction in which an oxidation reaction is performed,
- a manganese nickel composite compound having trimanganese tetroxide particles as core particles is obtained, and then the manganese nickel composite compound having trimanganese tetroxide particles as core particles is fired in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature range of 900 to 1100 ° C.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention 18 wherein the alkali concentration of the excess amount of the alkaline aqueous solution is 0.1 to 5.0 mol / L (the present invention 19).
- the present invention provides the method for producing manganese nickel composite oxide particles according to the present invention 18 or 19, wherein the reaction solution after the primary reaction is switched to a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and then the non-oxidizing atmosphere is maintained. It is a manufacturing method of the manganese nickel compound oxide particle powder which adds the manganese raw material and nickel raw material aqueous solution in a next reaction (this invention 20).
- the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to any one of the present inventions 15 to 17 is mixed with a lithium compound, calcined at 680 to 1050 ° C. in an oxidizing atmosphere, and subsequently 500 to 700 ° C. It is a manufacturing method of the positive electrode active material particle powder for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries which has a cubic spinel structure baked by (Invention 21).
- the positive electrode active material particle powder for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery obtained by the method for producing the positive electrode active material particle powder for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention 21 is any of the present invention 1 to 12. It is a manufacturing method of the positive electrode active material particle powder for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries which is the positive electrode active material particle powder as described in (Invention 22).
- the present invention is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the positive electrode active material particle powder obtained by the method for producing positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 21 or 22 (Invention 23).
- the positive electrode active material particle powder for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention has excellent discharge characteristics with a high discharge voltage, a high discharge capacity, and good cycle characteristics with reduced side reactions with the electrolyte. It is a positive electrode active material particle powder for electrolyte secondary batteries.
- the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention is a positive electrode active material particle powder obtained by synthesizing with a Li compound, the discharge voltage is high, the discharge capacity is large, and the cycle characteristics are good. Since a water electrolyte secondary battery is obtained, it is suitable as a precursor of positive electrode active material particle powder for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder obtained by synthesizing with the Li compound using the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention has good battery characteristics as described in Non-Patent Document 3. Since the nickel-containing lithium manganate particles having a space group of Fd-3m are obtained, the manganese nickel composite oxide particles according to the present invention are suitable as a precursor.
- FIG. 3 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of a positive electrode active material particle powder for a lithium ion battery obtained in Example 1-1.
- FIG. 3 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of a positive electrode active material particle powder for a lithium ion battery obtained in Comparative Example 1-1.
- 2 is a SEM image of a positive electrode active material particle powder for a lithium ion battery obtained in Example 1-1.
- 2 is a SEM image of a positive electrode active material particle powder for a lithium ion battery obtained in Comparative Example 1-1.
- FIG. 3 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of a positive electrode active material particle powder for a lithium ion battery obtained in Example 2-1.
- FIG. 3 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of a positive electrode active material particle powder for a lithium ion battery obtained in Comparative Example 2-1.
- 2 is a SEM image of positive electrode active material particle powder for lithium ion battery obtained in Example 2-1.
- 4 is a SEM image of a positive electrode active material particle powder for a lithium ion battery obtained in Comparative Example 2-1.
- FIG. 3 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of a positive electrode active material particle powder for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery obtained in Example 3-1.
- 3 is a charge / discharge curve of a positive electrode active material particle powder for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery obtained in Example 3-1.
- FIG. 3 is a SEM image of positive electrode active material particles for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery obtained in Example 3-1.
- 3 is an SEM image of a positive electrode active material particle powder for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery obtained in Comparative Example 3-1.
- FIG. 4 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder obtained in Example 4-1.
- FIG. 4 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of nickel-containing manganese carbonate particle powder obtained in Comparative Example 4-1.
- 4 is a SEM image of the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder obtained in Example 4-1.
- 4 is a SEM image of nickel-containing manganese carbonate particle powder obtained in Comparative Example 4-1.
- the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder which is a precursor of the positive electrode active material particle powder for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention 15, will be described.
- the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention 15 is optimized as a precursor of the positive electrode active material particle powder for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention 15 has a crystal structure of cubic spinel having a space group of Fd-3m. When the other crystal structure is the main component, it becomes difficult for the positive electrode active material produced using the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder to have a desired crystal structure.
- manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention As the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention 15, (Mn 1-yz Ni y M z ) 3 O 4 (y range is 0.2 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.3, z range is 0) ⁇ z ⁇ 0.1), and as the M element, generally known additive elements such as Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Co, Zn, Y, Zr, Sb, Ba, W, Bi, etc. More preferable additive elements may be Mg, Al, Si, Ti, Co, Zn, Y, Zr, Sb, and W. The content of the additive element is preferably 10 mol% or less with respect to the composite oxide.
- the Ni content is preferably 20 to 30 mol% with respect to the total amount of Me (total amount of Mn, Ni and substitution element M).
- the Ni content is less than 20 mol%, the positive electrode active material particle powder obtained using the precursor has a discharge plateau region of 4.5 V or more that is too low to obtain a high discharge capacity, and the structure is unstable. It becomes.
- the Ni content exceeds 30 mol%, a large amount of impurity phase such as nickel oxide is generated in addition to the spinel structure in the positive electrode active material particle powder obtained using the precursor, and the discharge capacity is reduced.
- the Ni content is more preferably 22 to 28 mol%, and even more preferably 23 to 27 mol%.
- the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention 15 is attributed to the cubic manganese nickel composite oxide by X-ray diffraction.
- nickel is uniformly dispersed in trimanganese tetroxide which is a base material.
- the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention preferably has a half width of the strongest peak ((311) plane) in the range of 0.15 to 0.25 in X-ray diffraction.
- An impurity phase may be present when the half width of the peak is smaller than 0.15.
- nickel may not be uniformly dispersed in the manganese oxide particles.
- the half width of the strongest peak is more preferably in the range of 0.15 to 0.22.
- the average primary particle diameter of the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention 15 is in the range of 1.0 to 8.0 ⁇ m, and is preferably a secondary particle body in which primary particles are aggregated.
- the average primary particle size is less than 1.0 ⁇ m, the metal content such as Ni and Mn tends to elute into the electrolyte when the battery is made, and the crystal structure may become unstable.
- the average primary particle diameter exceeds 8.0 ⁇ m, the diffusion of Li into the precursor becomes insufficient in the mixed firing with the Li compound, resulting in an unstable structure.
- the average primary particle size is preferably 1.5 to 7.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 1.5 to 7.0 ⁇ m.
- the tap density (500 times tapping) of the manganese nickel composite oxide particles according to the present invention 15 is preferably 1.8 g / ml or more, and more preferably 1.9 g / ml or more.
- the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention 15 preferably has a Na content of 100 to 2000 ppm.
- the Na content is less than 100 ppm, the positive electrode active material particle powder obtained by using the oxide particle powder tends to have a weak force to retain the spinel structure.
- the content exceeds 2000 ppm, the oxide particle powder In the positive electrode active material particle powder obtained by using lithium, lithium migration is hindered and the discharge capacity tends to decrease.
- a more preferable Na content in the oxide particle powder is 100 to 1800 ppm, and still more preferably 100 to 1700 ppm.
- the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention 15 preferably has an S content of 10 to 1000 ppm.
- S content is less than 10 ppm, in the positive electrode active material particle powder obtained using the oxide particle powder, there is a tendency that S does not have an electrical effect on the movement of lithium, and when it exceeds 1000 ppm, Causes of micro short-circuits when a positive electrode active material particle powder obtained using the oxide particle powder is used as a battery to form FeSO 4 and a compound locally and form FeSO 4 and the like locally. End up.
- a more preferable S content is 10 to 800 ppm, and even more preferably 10 to 700 ppm.
- the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention 15 has a total of impurities of 4000 ppm or less.
- the total amount of impurities is preferably 3500 ppm or less, and more preferably 3000 ppm or less.
- the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention 15 is a water suspension containing manganese hydroxide by neutralizing an aqueous manganese salt solution with an excess amount of an alkaline aqueous solution relative to the equivalent of manganese.
- a primary reaction is performed to obtain trimanganese tetroxide core particles by performing an oxidation reaction in a temperature range of 60 to 100 ° C., and a predetermined amount of manganese raw material and nickel raw material are added to the reaction solution after the primary reaction
- a secondary reaction in which an M element raw material dissolved in an aqueous solution is added to perform an oxidation reaction, and then washed and dried by a conventional method to obtain the intermediate product of the manganese nickel composite oxide according to the present invention.
- a manganese nickel composite compound using the resulting trimanganese tetraoxide particles as a base material is obtained by firing the manganese nickel composite compound in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature range of 900 to 1100 ° C. Door can be.
- the manganese compound and nickel compound used in the synthesis of the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder are not particularly limited, and various oxides, hydroxides, chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, carbonates, acetates, etc. are used. In particular, it is preferable to use a sulfate.
- the manganese salt aqueous solution is neutralized with an alkaline aqueous solution in excess of the equivalent of manganese and contains manganese hydroxide Then, an oxidation reaction is performed in a temperature range of 60 to 100 ° C. to obtain trimanganese tetroxide core particles.
- the method for synthesizing the core particles can be obtained according to the production method described in Japanese Patent No. 4305629.
- the manganese raw material and the nickel raw material aqueous solution in the secondary reaction with the non-oxidizing atmosphere were added.
- the non-oxidizing atmosphere includes Ar, CO, CO 2 , N 2 , H 2, etc., but N 2 is preferable.
- trimanganese tetroxide core particles that are the base material in the reaction vessel
- manganese, a manganese raw material aqueous solution and a nickel raw material aqueous solution, and if necessary, an M element raw material aqueous solution are added to the reaction solution in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. Fine particles of nickel, M-element hydroxide or hydrated oxide are produced, and then the reaction solution is switched to an oxidizing atmosphere, whereby the hydroxide or hydrated oxide becomes an oxide and trimanganese tetraoxide.
- an intermediate product precipitate can be obtained without impairing the crystallinity of the core particles.
- Nickel raw materials are oxides, nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, carbonates, acetates, etc., but it is preferable to use sulfates.
- M element raw materials include Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Co, Zn, Sb, Ba, W, Bi oxides, nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, carbonates, acetates, etc. It is preferred to use a salt.
- an excessive amount of an alkaline aqueous solution in the primary reaction and the secondary reaction is 0.1 to 5.0 mol / L.
- concentration of the aqueous alkaline solution is preferably 0.5 to 4.0 mol / L.
- the alkaline aqueous solution is not particularly limited, and various basic materials can be used.
- sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide and the like are used, but it is preferable to use sodium hydroxide.
- the slurry containing the intermediate product obtained after the reaction is washed and dried according to a conventional method.
- impurities such as excess sodium and sulfur adhering to the intermediate product without losing the nickel compound and M element compound deposited by the secondary reaction. .
- the obtained intermediate product is fired in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature range of 900 to 1100 ° C., whereby the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention can be obtained.
- the firing temperature is lower than 900 ° C., not only Ni is not uniformly incorporated into the Mn oxide, but also a cubic nickel-nickel composite oxide having a spinel structure cannot be obtained.
- the firing temperature exceeds 1100 ° C., Ni is deposited as an impurity such as NiO.
- a preferable baking temperature is 900 to 1000 ° C.
- a more preferable baking temperature is 900 to 980 ° C., and still more preferably 900 to 960 ° C.
- the particle diameter can also be adjusted by pulverizing the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder after the firing step. In that case, it is necessary only to adjust the secondary particle diameter (D50) and to have an effect on the average primary particle diameter.
- the nickel-containing positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 1 is optimized as an active material powder for a high-voltage nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 1 has at least a cubic spinel structure, can be indexed with Fd-3m by X-ray diffraction, has Mn as a main component, and is oxidized in combination with at least Ni. It is a compound containing Li, Ni and Mn.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the first aspect of the present invention has a chemical formula: Li 1 + x Mn 2 -yz Ni y M z O 4 (the range of x is ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.15, the range of y is 0.00. 4 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.6, and the range of z is 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.20).
- the different element M one or more selected from Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Co, Zn, Sb, Ba, W and Bi may be substituted, and more preferable additive elements are Mg, Al, Si, Ti, Co, Zn, Y, Zr, Sb, W.
- the content z of the different element M is preferably 0.20 or less in the chemical formula of the compound having the spinel structure. Since the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the first aspect of the present invention has a spinel structure, even when charged at a high voltage of 5 V, the structure does not collapse and a charge / discharge cycle can be performed. Moreover, oxygen may be accompanied by oxygen deficiency within the range of common sense. The description in the chemical formula is omitted.
- the Ni content is 20 to 30 mol% with respect to the total amount of Me (the total amount of Mn, Ni and the substitution element M).
- the discharge plateau region of 4.5 V or more becomes too small to obtain a high discharge capacity, and the structure becomes unstable.
- the Ni content exceeds 30 mol%, a large amount of impurity phase such as nickel oxide is generated in addition to the spinel structure, and the discharge capacity is reduced.
- the Ni content is more preferably 22 to 29 mol%, still more preferably 23 to 27 mol%.
- (Li / (Ni + Mn + M)) is in a molar ratio of 0.475 to 0.575.
- (Li / (Ni + Mn + M)) is less than 0.475, the amount of lithium that can contribute to charging is reduced and the charge capacity is lowered.
- (Li / (Ni + Mn + M)) is preferably 0.48 to 0.55, more preferably 0.49 to 0.53.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention it is necessary to belong to a cubic spinel structure by X-ray diffraction.
- Ni needs to diffuse uniformly with respect to the positive electrode active material particles.
- a peak (shoulder) of NiO is observed by X-ray diffraction.
- the peak of NiO becomes large, it becomes structurally unstable and the battery characteristics are considered to deteriorate.
- the average secondary particle diameter (D50) of the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 1 is preferably 4 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the average secondary particle diameter is more preferably 4 to 20 ⁇ m, still more preferably 4 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the specific surface area (BET method) of the positive electrode active material particles according to the present invention 1 is preferably 0.05 to 1.00 m 2 / g. If the specific surface area is too small, the contact area with the electrolytic solution becomes too small and the discharge capacity is lowered. If it is too large, the reaction is excessively caused and the discharge capacity is lowered.
- the specific surface area is more preferably 0.10 to 0.90 m 2 / g, and still more preferably 0.20 to 0.80 m 2 / g.
- the tap density (500 times tapping) of the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 1 is preferably 1.70 g / ml or more.
- the tap density is more preferably 1.80 g / ml or more, and still more preferably 1.85 g / ml or more.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 1 preferably has a Na content of 30 to 2000 ppm.
- the Na content is less than 30 ppm, the force for retaining the spinel structure is weakened.
- the Na content is more than 2000 ppm, lithium migration is inhibited, and the discharge capacity may be reduced.
- the Na content is more preferably 35 to 1800 ppm, and even more preferably 40 to 1700 ppm.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 1 preferably has an S content of 10 to 600 ppm.
- S content is less than 10 ppm, an electric effect on the movement of lithium cannot be obtained.
- S content is more than 600 ppm, FeSO 4 or the like is locally deposited when the positive electrode active material is used to form a battery. May cause micro-shorts.
- a more preferable S content is 15 to 500 ppm.
- the total amount of impurities is 5000 ppm or less.
- the total amount of impurities is preferably 4000 ppm or less, more preferably 3500 ppm or less.
- the calorific value of the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 1 is large is not clear, but in the present invention 1, when the temperature is raised from ⁇ 40 ° C. to 70 ° C. in the differential scanning calorimetry of the positive electrode active material particle powder. It has been found that when the endothermic amount is in the range of 0.3 to 0.8 J / mg, a sufficient discharge capacity is obtained and the cycle characteristics are also good.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the first aspect of the present invention has a large amount of heat due to the phase transition reaction in the low temperature region is not yet clear, but it depends on not only the information due to oxygen deficiency but also the time of synthesis of the positive electrode active material particle powder.
- the present inventors consider that information including the existence state of Mn and Ni may be obtained.
- the structure of the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 1 is that the peak intensity (I (311)) on the (311) plane and the peak intensity on the (111) plane when indexed with Fd-3m by X-ray diffraction.
- the ratio (I (311) / I (111)) to (I (111)) is in the range of 35 to 43%.
- the peak intensity ratio is preferably in the range of 36 to 42%.
- the peak intensity ratio is less than 35%, the spinel structure itself cannot be maintained in the positive electrode active material particle powder.
- the peak intensity ratio exceeds 43%, sufficient discharge capacity and cycle characteristics cannot be obtained.
- the ratio between the peak intensity of the (311) plane and the peak intensity of the (111) plane was simulated by Rietveld analysis. As a result, the transition metal to the 8a site occupied by Li in the spinel structure in the positive electrode active material, etc. It was found that there was a correlation with the amount of substitution. When the peak intensity ratio was large, the amount of Ni dissolved in the 8a site in the positive electrode active material particle powder increased.
- the tetrahedral structure of the 8a site When Ni is dissolved in the 8a site, the tetrahedral structure of the 8a site also expands and contracts due to the expansion and contraction due to the change in the valence of Ni by charge / discharge, resulting in a cubic crystal. It is considered that the stability of the structure is deteriorated, and therefore the cycle characteristics are also deteriorated.
- Characteristic (B) The structure of the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 1 has a half-value width for each peak position 2 ⁇ (10 to 90 degrees) when indexed with Fd-3m by X-ray diffraction.
- the slope of the straight line according to the least square method in the graph in which the horizontal axis is sin ⁇ and the vertical axis is ⁇ cos ⁇ is in the range of (3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 20.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ).
- the discharge capacity is high and the cycle characteristics are good by controlling within the above range.
- the crystal structure in the positive electrode active material particle powder cannot be stably maintained, and the cycle characteristics are deteriorated.
- the graph described in the present invention 1 is called a Williamson-hall plot, and has the following formula.
- ⁇ wavelength of X-ray
- D crystallite diameter
- the inclination is generally said to be a parameter including information such as compositional strain and crystal strain. Although the details are not clear, it has been found that when the inclination is within the range of the present invention 1, the positive electrode active material particle powder has a large discharge capacity and excellent cycle characteristics.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention 4 (hereinafter referred to as “positive electrode active material particle powder”) has at least a cubic spinel structure, and Mn and Ni which are main components are combined. It is a compound that is oxidized and contains Li, Ni and Mn.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 4 has an average primary particle diameter of 1.0 to 4.0 ⁇ m, an average secondary particle diameter (D50) of 4.0 to 30 ⁇ m, and a BET specific surface area of The range y is 0.3 to 1.0 m 2 / g, and the product y of the average secondary particle diameter (D50) and the BET specific surface area is 10.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 m 3 / g or less (y ⁇ 10.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 m 3 / g).
- the average primary particle diameter of the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 4 is out of the range of the present invention, the reactivity with the electrolytic solution is improved and becomes unstable.
- the average secondary particle diameter (D50) of the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 4 is less than 4.0 ⁇ m, the reactivity with the electrolytic solution is increased by increasing the contact area with the electrolytic solution, Stability during charging may be reduced.
- the average secondary particle diameter (D50) exceeds 30 ⁇ m, the resistance in the electrode increases, and the charge / discharge rate characteristics may be deteriorated.
- the average secondary particle diameter is more preferably 4.0 to 20 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 5.0 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the specific surface area (BET specific surface area method) of the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 4 is preferably 0.3 to 1.00 m 2 / g. If the specific surface area is too small, the contact area with the electrolytic solution becomes too small and the discharge capacity decreases, and if it is too large, the positive electrode active material particle powder reacts with the electrolytic solution and gas generation and initial efficiency decrease.
- the specific surface area is preferably 0.35 to 0.80 m 2 / g, more preferably 0.43 to 0.75 m 2 / g.
- the product y of the average secondary particle diameter (D50) and the BET specific surface area is 10.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 m 3 / g or less.
- the value of the product is greater than 10.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 m 3 / g, the secondary particles are in a state in which a number of irregularities are formed on the surface properties, and a secondary battery using the positive electrode active material particle powder is used. In this case, it may be considered that the gas reacts with the electrolytic solution and gas generation and battery characteristics deteriorate.
- the product y of the average secondary particle diameter (D50) and the BET specific surface area is preferably 9.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 m 3 / g or less, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 9.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6. m 3 / g, still more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 8.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 m 3 / g.
- the y which is the product of the average secondary particle size and the BET specific surface area, is m 3 / g (reciprocal of density) in units, which is considered to indicate the volume of secondary particles per unit weight.
- the minimum surface area can be found from the diameter (secondary particle diameter) and shape.
- y is a parameter resulting from the surface condition.
- this number is considered to be a parameter indicating the surface property of the particles.
- the number increases, the surface of the particle has a lot of unevenness, and when it becomes smaller, the unevenness of the particle surface is reduced and it is considered that the particle surface is approaching a smooth state.
- y is within the range of the present invention, it is considered that the particle surface properties are good and side reactions with the electrolyte can be reduced.
- the full width at half maximum (FWMH (400)) of the (400) plane is z
- the half width z of the peak of the (400) plane exceeds 0.230 °, the crystal becomes unstable, and as a result, the battery characteristics may deteriorate.
- a more preferable range is z ⁇ 0.220 °, and further preferably 0.044 ° ⁇ z ⁇ 0.180 °.
- the half width of the peak of the (111) plane in the X-ray diffraction of the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 4 is preferably 0.15 ° or less, more preferably 0.053 ° to 0.12 °
- the full width at half maximum of the (311) plane peak is preferably 0.18 ° or less, more preferably 0.044 ° to 0.14 °
- the full width at half maximum of the (440) plane is preferably 0.25 ° or less. More preferably, the angle is 0.045 ° to 0.20 °.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 4 has a chemical formula: Li 1 + x Mn 2 -yz Ni y M z O 4 (x range is ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.15, y range is 0.00. 4 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.6, and the range of z is 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.20).
- the different element M one or more selected from Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Co, Zn, Sb, Ba, W and Bi may be substituted, and a more preferable additive element is Mg. , Al, Si, Ti, Co, Zn, Y, Zr, Sb, W.
- the content z of the different element M is preferably 0.20 or less in the chemical formula of the compound having the spinel structure. Since the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention has a spinel structure, even if it is charged at a high voltage of 5 V, the structure does not collapse and a charge / discharge cycle can be performed. Moreover, oxygen may be accompanied by oxygen deficiency within the range of common sense (the description in the chemical formula is omitted).
- the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present inventions 1 and 4 is a composite oxide mainly composed of manganese and nickel having a cubic spinel structure, and the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention 15 Is preferably used.
- the positive electrode active material particles for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries according to the present inventions 1 and 4 are produced by the method for producing the positive electrode active material particles for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries of the present invention 21. It becomes particle powder.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 21 uses the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention 15 as a precursor.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder using the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention 15 as a precursor is a nickel-containing lithium manganate particle powder having a spinel structure containing at least Li, Ni, and Mn. It is suitable as a positive electrode active material particle powder of a water electrolyte secondary battery.
- the nickel-containing positive electrode active material particle powder has high crystallinity and can be charged at a high voltage of 5 V without causing the structure to collapse, and can perform a high discharge capacity and a stable charge / discharge cycle.
- the precursor and the lithium compound are mixed at a predetermined molar ratio, and then fired at 680 ° C. to 1050 ° C. in an oxidizing atmosphere (1), and subsequently fired at 500 to 700 ° C. (2).
- the manganese nickel composite oxide as a precursor used in the present inventions 1 and 4 includes a hydroxide, an oxide organic compound, and the like, and is preferably a composite oxide of Mn and Ni having a cubic spinel structure.
- the composite oxide is an oxide having a spinel structure belonging to the space group of Fd-3m, in which manganese and nickel as main components are uniformly distributed at 8a site and / or 16d site.
- the precursor may be a composite oxide in which an element other than manganese and nickel is introduced.
- the manganese nickel composite oxide which is the precursor used in the present inventions 1 and 4, is preferably a single phase in a composite oxide mainly composed of Mn and Ni.
- the manganese nickel composite oxide which is a precursor used in the present inventions 1 and 4 has an average primary particle diameter of 1.0 to 8.0 ⁇ m, preferably 1.0 to 4.0 ⁇ m.
- the tap density is preferably 1.8 g / ml or more, and the half-width of the strongest peak by X-ray diffraction is preferably in the range of 0.15 to 0.25.
- the composition of the manganese nickel composite oxide which is a precursor used in the present inventions 1 and 4, is represented by the chemical formula (2).
- the manganese nickel composite oxide which is a precursor used in the present inventions 1 and 4 preferably has a sodium content of 100 to 2000 ppm, a sulfur content of 10 to 1000 ppm, and a total of impurities of 4000 ppm or less. preferable.
- the manufacturing method of the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder in the present invention 1 and 4 is a solid reaction or various raw materials in an aqueous solution in which various raw materials are mixed and fired if a manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder satisfying the above characteristics can be produced.
- Any manufacturing method such as a wet reaction of co-precipitating and then firing may be used, but is not particularly limited. For example, it can be obtained by the following manufacturing method.
- the manganese nickel composite oxide particles in the present inventions 1 and 4 are neutralized with an aqueous manganese salt solution using an excess amount of an alkaline aqueous solution with respect to the equivalent of manganese and containing manganese hydroxide. Then, a primary reaction is performed to obtain trimanganese tetroxide core particles by performing an oxidation reaction in a temperature range of 60 to 100 ° C., and a predetermined amount of manganese raw material and nickel are added to the reaction solution after the primary reaction.
- This manganese nickel composite compound can be washed and dried, and then fired in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature range of 900 to 1100 ° C.
- the lithium compound used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and various lithium salts can be used.
- lithium hydroxide monohydrate, lithium nitrate, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate, lithium bromide, chloride examples thereof include lithium, lithium citrate, lithium fluoride, lithium iodide, lithium lactate, lithium oxalate, lithium phosphate, lithium pyruvate, lithium sulfate, and lithium oxide, with lithium carbonate being particularly preferable.
- the lithium compound used preferably has an average particle size of 50 ⁇ m or less. More preferably, it is 30 ⁇ m or less. When the average particle diameter of the lithium compound exceeds 50 ⁇ m, mixing with the precursor particle powder becomes non-uniform, and it becomes difficult to obtain composite oxide particles having good crystallinity.
- an additive element may be introduced into the positive electrode active material particle powder by mixing an oxide, carbonate, or the like.
- the mixing process of the manganese nickel composite oxide particles and the lithium compound may be either dry or wet as long as they can be mixed uniformly.
- firing step in the present invention it is preferable to perform firing at 680 ° C. to 1050 ° C. as firing (1) in an oxidizing atmosphere.
- firing (1) the manganese-nickel composite compound and the Li compound react to obtain nickel-containing lithium manganate in an oxygen-deficient state.
- the temperature is lower than 680 ° C., the reactivity between the precursor and Li is poor, and the compound is not sufficiently combined.
- the temperature exceeds 1050 ° C., sintering proceeds too much, or Ni comes out of the lattice and precipitates as Ni oxide.
- a preferred main calcination temperature is 700 to 1000, and even more preferably 730 to 950 ° C.
- the firing time is preferably 2 to 50 hours.
- a heat treatment is performed to form a firing (2) at 500 ° C. to 700 ° C. in the same oxidizing atmosphere.
- firing (2) oxygen deficiency can be compensated, and a nickel-containing positive electrode active material particle powder having a stable crystal structure can be obtained.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder obtained by the production method according to the present invention 21, like the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present inventions 1 and 4, is a nickel-containing lithium manganate particle powder having a spinel structure, Li 1 + x Mn 2 ⁇ yz Ni y M z O 4 (x range is ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.15, y range is 0.4 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.6, z range is 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.20), and M element may be replaced with Mn by one or more of Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Co, Zn, Sb, Ba, W, Bi and the like. More preferable additive elements are Mg, Al, Si, Ti, Co, Zn, Y, Zr, Sb, and W. Further, in the present invention, oxygen deficiency or oxygen excess may exist within a known range.
- the average secondary particle diameter (D50) of the positive electrode active material particles in the present invention is preferably 4 to 30 ⁇ m, the specific surface area by the BET method is preferably 0.05 to 1.00 m 2 / g, and the tap density (500 times ) Is preferably 1.7 g / ml or more.
- the sodium content of the positive electrode active material particles in the present invention is preferably 30 to 2000 ppm, the sulfur content is preferably 10 to 600 ppm, and the total of impurities is preferably 5000 ppm or less.
- a conductive agent When producing a positive electrode containing the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the positive electrode active material particle powder obtained by the production method of the present invention 1 and 4 or the present invention 21, according to a conventional method, a conductive agent, a binder, Add and mix.
- a conductive agent acetylene black, carbon black, graphite and the like are preferable
- the binder polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride and the like are preferable.
- the secondary battery manufactured using the positive electrode containing the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the positive electrode active material particle powder obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention 1 and 4 or the present invention 21 comprises the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the electrolyte. Composed.
- lithium metal lithium metal, lithium / aluminum alloy, lithium / tin alloy, graphite, graphite or the like can be used.
- an organic solvent containing at least one of carbonates such as propylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate and ethers such as dimethoxyethane can be used as the solvent for the electrolytic solution.
- At least one lithium salt such as lithium perchlorate and lithium tetrafluoroborate can be dissolved in the above solvent and used.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery manufactured using the positive electrode containing the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 1 and the positive electrode active material particle powder obtained by the production method of the present invention 21 is evaluated by the evaluation method described later.
- the capacity of 0 V or more is 130 mAh / g or more, preferably 135 mAh / g or more
- the capacity of 4.5 V or more is 120 mAh / g or more, more preferably 125 mAh / g or more
- the cycle maintenance ratio Is 55% or more preferably 60% or more.
- the rate maintenance rate which took the ratio of 10C / 0.1C is 80% or more.
- the amount of Ni substitution at the 8a site is small (Ni is preferentially diffused into the 16d site), so that it is less affected by the expansion and contraction of the crystal lattice due to the valence change of Ni during charge and discharge, It is considered that the bulk resistance when diffusing into the electrolytic solution from the 8a site serving as the Li ion diffusion path through the 16c site is reduced. As a result, it is considered that the result was excellent in the rate maintenance rate and cycle maintenance rate while maintaining a high discharge capacity.
- the battery capacity of (3.5V-3.0V) at the time of discharge after 30 cycles is 2 mAh / g or less. If it is greater than 2 mAh / g, the crystal of the positive electrode active material becomes unstable, and the battery is deteriorated quickly. Preferably, it is 1.5 mAh / g or less.
- a positive electrode active material particle powder having a spinel structure containing at least Ni and Mn often has a plateau around 4 V due to a change in valence of Mn trivalent or tetravalent in a discharge curve when a battery is formed. .
- Ni vacancies or oxygen vacancies are generated in the lattice.
- a part of Mn changes from tetravalent to trivalent. Therefore, it is thought that it occurs.
- a small plateau in the vicinity of 4 V in the discharge capacity is considered to be important with respect to the stability of various battery characteristics of the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder As a judgment index of the structural stability of the positive electrode active material particle powder, attention was paid to a plateau around 3.3 V in the discharge curve of the last charge / discharge in the cycle test of 30 cycles.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder having inferior cycle characteristics has a significantly large plateau near 3.3 V as well as a plateau around 4.0 V. I found.
- the method according to the production method of the positive electrode active material particle powder in the present invention is taken.
- the crystallinity in the spinel structure of the positive electrode active material particle powder also increases, and as a result, the 16d site where Mn, Ni and M elements are coordinated is less expanded and contracted by charging and discharging, so that the Li is 8a site. It is considered that the number of ion diffusion resistance elements that move to the interface through the 16c site decreases.
- Ni is removed from the structure and becomes a NiO component, and since oxygen deficiency is reduced, the capacity of 3.0 V to 4.5 V where the plateau due to Mn 3+ / Mn 4+ is seen is reduced, and the cycle characteristics are improved. It is thought that.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery manufactured using the positive electrode containing the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 4 has a discharge capacity of 3.0 V or higher by an evaluation method described later of 130 mAh / g or more, more preferably 135 mAh. / G or more.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery manufactured using the positive electrode containing the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 4 has a charge capacity of 4.8 V at the time of initial charge when lithium metal is used for the counter electrode. Is a and the charge capacity of 5.0 V is b, the ratio of (ba) / b is smaller than 10%.
- the electrolytic solution When charging at 4.5 V or higher, the electrolytic solution is generally decomposed, so that the apparent charge capacity due to this decomposition reaction is added by charging at 4.8 V or higher.
- the inventor has found that by optimizing the surface properties of the positive electrode active material particles, the decomposition of the electrolytic solution is reduced, so that the apparent charge capacity due to the decomposition of the electrolytic solution is reduced. .
- the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention it is considered that the decomposition of the electrolytic solution can be suppressed, and the ratio of (ba) / b described above can be made smaller than 10%.
- the secondary battery using the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention since the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution by the positive electrode active material is suppressed, for example, gas generation due to deterioration of the electrolytic solution or decomposition of the electrolytic solution, It is also considered that the deterioration of the positive electrode itself can be suppressed. As a result, the secondary battery using the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention is considered to have excellent long-term stability.
- Ni in the positive electrode active material particles generally moves to the 8a site where Li exists. It was found that the substitution amount of was reduced. From this result, it was found that a large amount of Ni exists in the 16d site where Mn is mainly present in the present invention. For this reason, most of the 8a site contains only Li that contributes to charge and discharge, and it is assumed that the discharge capacity can be increased and that favorable rate characteristics can be obtained for crystal stabilization.
- the half value for each peak position 2 ⁇ (10 to 90 degrees)
- the slope of the straight line according to the least square method in the graph is in the range of 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 20.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4. It was found that the cycle characteristics were high and the cycle characteristics were good.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder when entering the range of the slope in the present invention, the positive electrode active material particle powder It was inferred that some parameters such as crystallinity and composition were optimized. As a result of optimization, it is considered that the material has a large discharge capacity and excellent cycle characteristics.
- the expansion and contraction of Ni due to the change in Ni valence and tetravalence due to charge / discharge is mainly mitigated by the association with tetravalent Mn. It is thought that it can be done. As a result, the expansion and contraction of the entire lattice in charge / discharge is reduced, so that the ion diffusion resistance in the insertion / desorption of Li is reduced, and the cycle characteristics are considered to be favorable.
- the endothermic amount is in the range of 0.3 to 0.8 J / mg, so that the discharge capacity is high, and The cycle characteristics are considered to be good results.
- Non-Patent Document 2 lithium manganate having a spinel structure similar to that of the positive electrode active material is said to undergo a phase transition from cubic to tetragonal, but nickel as in the present invention is substituted in a large amount by Mn sites.
- the positive electrode active material has heat generation / absorption due to the phase transition as described above, at least in this study, a different result could be found.
- Non-Patent Document 2 can be achieved by reducing the trivalent thermal motion of Mn, which is a Yanterer ion.
- Mn basically exists in a tetravalent state, and the trivalent Mn occurs when oxygen deficiency is large, and the capacity in the 4V region increases in the discharge curve in the battery characteristics ( (Mn trivalent / tetravalent reaction).
- the evaluation according to the present invention it is considered that not only the trivalent behavior of Mn due to oxygen vacancies but also the results including parameters such as crystal balance appear. Therefore, in the range according to the present invention 1, it is considered that the discharge capacity is high and the cycle characteristics are good.
- the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention 15 is characterized by a spinel structure, cubic crystals, and high crystallinity.
- a manganese raw material solution, a nickel raw material solution, and M are added to a reaction solution in which excess alkali content remains under nitrogen flow after generating highly crystalline trimanganese tetroxide core particles (seed particles) in advance.
- hydroxide fine particles of the added metal can be generated.
- the hydroxide is a core particle. It is thought that it precipitates at the interface of trimanganese tetroxide particles.
- fine particles of Mn, Ni, and M element hydroxides are precipitated as uniformly entangled oxides, so that no new particles are locally generated in the reaction solution, and they are core particles.
- a substitution element such as Ni can be disposed in the vicinity of the interface of the trimanganese tetroxide particles.
- the average primary particle diameter after the secondary reaction can be controlled by variously changing the conditions of the primary reaction.
- the average primary particle diameter of the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention is controlled.
- the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention is a wet and simple synthesis, it is possible to reduce impurities Na and S by controlling pH.
- impurities contained in the raw material and the like can be further washed away in the water washing step.
- the intermediate product after the reaction is washed with water to wash out the impurities, and the intermediate product is baked at 900 to 1100 ° C., so that nickel oxide and M element oxide are core particles. It can be uniformly dissolved in trimanganese tetroxide.
- the surface properties of the primary particles can be smoothed, strong secondary particles can be formed, and the crystallinity of the particle powder can be increased. ing.
- the manganese-nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention 15 is capable of uniformly solid-dissolving nickel oxide and optionally added M element oxide by firing, and obtaining a composite oxide having a spinel structure that is cubic. be able to.
- the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention 15 has high crystallinity and can be fired at a temperature equal to or lower than the firing temperature when the manganese nickel composite oxide is obtained after mixing with the Li compound, the precursor As a result, the powder physical properties resulting from the high crystallinity of the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder can be inherited, and a positive electrode active material particle powder made of nickel-containing lithium manganate having a strong spinel crystal skeleton can be obtained. it is conceivable that.
- the oxygen deficiency and the precipitation of the NiO composite oxide which are increased by setting the firing temperature to around 900 ° C., can be suppressed, and therefore Mn 3+ Therefore, it is considered that the cycle characteristics can be improved.
- Examples 1-1 to 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3 are Examples and Comparative Examples in the case of having the characteristic (A) in the present invention
- Examples 2-1 to 2-4 and Comparative examples 2-1 to 2-3 are examples and comparative examples in the case of having the characteristic (B) in the present invention
- Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-3 are Examples and Comparative Examples of the Invention 4
- Examples 4-1 to 4-7 and Comparative Examples 4-1 to 4-8 are Inventions 15 and 18, respectively.
- And 21 are examples and comparative examples.
- Each of the above comparative examples is a comparative example in the corresponding invention, and is not intended for comparison with other inventions. The evaluation method used in the present invention is described below.
- the average primary particle diameter was observed using a scanning electron microscope SEM-EDX (manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation) with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer, and the average value was read from the SEM image.
- the average secondary particle diameter (D50) is a volume-based average particle diameter measured by a wet laser method using a laser type particle size distribution measuring apparatus Microtrac HRA [manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.].
- the BET specific surface area was measured using MONOSORB [manufactured by Yuasa Ionics Co., Ltd.] after drying and deaeration of the sample under nitrogen gas at 120 ° C. for 45 minutes.
- composition and the amount of impurities were as follows: 0.2 g sample was heated and dissolved in 25 ml of 20% hydrochloric acid solution, and after cooling, pure water was added to a 100 ml volumetric flask to prepare an adjustment solution.
- ICAP SPS-4000 Seiko Electronics Each element was quantified and determined using Kogyo Co., Ltd.].
- the packing density of the positive electrode active material particle powder was weighed 40 g, put into a 50 ml measuring cylinder, and the volume when tapped 500 times with a tap denser (manufactured by Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.) was read and the packing density (TD 500 times) was calculated. did.
- X-ray diffraction of the sample was measured using RAD-IIA and SmartLab manufactured by Rigaku Corporation. Measurement conditions were 10 to 90 degrees at 2 ⁇ / ⁇ and 0.02 degree step scan (0.6 second hold).
- the endothermic amount in the low temperature region was measured using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) “Seiko Instruments EXSTAR6000 (DSC6200)”.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- 20 mg of a sample was packed in an aluminum pan, alumina powder was used as a reference, and the aluminum pan was set on a sample stage. Thereafter, the inside of the chamber with the sample stage was cooled to ⁇ 40 ° C. with dry ice, then the dry ice was removed and the temperature was raised to 70 ° C. at a temperature increase rate of 5 ° C./min, and the endotherm at that time was measured. .
- the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention was subjected to battery evaluation using a 2032 type coin cell.
- the negative electrode was made of metallic lithium having a thickness of 500 ⁇ m punched to 16 mm ⁇ , and the electrolyte was a 2032 type coin cell using a solution in which EC and DMC in which 1 mol / L LiPF 6 was dissolved were mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 2. .
- artificial graphite was used as the negative electrode active material, 94% by weight of the artificial graphite was mixed with 6% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone as a binder, and then Cu metal was mixed.
- the coin cell was prepared in the same manner as when the counter electrode was a Li metal foil, except that it was applied to a foil, dried at 120 ° C., punched out to 16 mm ⁇ and used as a negative electrode.
- Charging / discharging characteristics are as follows. After carrying out at a current density of 0.1 C up to 5.0 V (CC-CC operation), discharging was carried out at a current density of 0.1 C up to 3.0 V (CC-CC operation). In order to enhance the measurement reliability, the charge capacity (2nd-CH) and discharge capacity (2nd-DCH) of the second operation (second cycle) of this operation were measured as aging in the first cycle.
- Charging / discharging characteristics (each series of Examples 3- and 3-) were charged at a current density of 0.1 C up to 5.0 V in a constant temperature bath at 25 ° C. (CC-CV operation, completed) After condition 1/100 C), discharging was performed at a current density of 0.1 C up to 3.0 V (CC operation).
- the charging capacity at 4.8V was a
- the charging capacity at 5.0V was b.
- the battery After completing the initial charge up to 5.0 V and obtaining the initial charge capacity b, the battery was discharged at a current density of 0.1 C up to 3.0 V (CC operation). At this time, it was set as the discharge capacity c when it was set to 3.0V.
- the initial charge / discharge efficiency was calculated by the equation c / b ⁇ 100.
- the rate maintenance rate was 25 ° C in a thermostatic chamber. Charging was performed at a current density of 0.1 C up to 5.0 V (CC-CC operation), and then discharging was performed at a current of 0.1 C up to 3.0 V. Performed at density (CC-CC operation). In order to enhance the measurement reliability, the charge capacity (2nd-CH) and discharge capacity (2nd-DCH) of the second operation (second cycle) of this operation were measured as aging in the first cycle. At this time, the second discharge capacity is a. Next, charging was performed at a current density of 0.1 C up to 5.0 V (CC-CC operation), and discharging was performed at a current density of 10 C up to 3.0 V (CC-CC operation). When the discharge capacity at this time is b, the rate maintenance rate is (b / a ⁇ 100 (%)).
- Cycle characteristics using artificial graphite as a counter electrode were evaluated using a 2032 type coin cell.
- 200 cycles of charge and discharge were performed from 3.0 V to 4.8 V (CC-CC operation) at a current density of 1 C in an environment of 25 ° C.
- the cycle retention rate was (d / c ⁇ 100 (%)).
- Example 1-1 A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was adjusted so that the excess alkali concentration after the reaction was 2.5 mol / L under nitrogen flow, and the manganese sulfate aqueous solution was adjusted so that the manganese concentration was 0.6 mol / L.
- An aqueous suspension containing manganese hydroxide particles was obtained by adding the oxide to the reaction vessel to make the total amount 600 L and neutralizing. The aqueous suspension containing the obtained manganese hydroxide particles was switched from nitrogen aeration to air aeration, and an oxidation reaction was performed at 90 ° C. (primary reaction).
- the obtained manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder was confirmed to have a cubic spinel structure by X-ray diffraction. Its composition was (Mn 0.75 Ni 0.25) 3 O 4. The average primary particle size is 2.6 ⁇ m, the tap density (500 times) is 2.12 g / ml, the half-width of the strongest peak in X-ray diffraction is 0.20 degrees, and the Na content is 252 ppm, The S content was 88 ppm and the total amount of impurities was 1589 ppm.
- the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder was confirmed to have a cubic spinel structure by X-ray diffraction (RAD-IIA manufactured by Rigaku).
- the ratio of the peak intensity between the (311) plane and the (111) plane was 38%.
- the BET specific surface area was 0.41 m 2 / g, D50 was 14.8 ⁇ m, and the tap density was 1.98 g / ml.
- the S content was 21 ppm, the Na content was 98 ppm, and the total amount of impurities was 529 ppm.
- the coin-type battery manufactured using the positive electrode active material particle powder has a discharge capacity of up to 3.0 V of 142 mAh / g, a discharge capacity of up to 4.5 V is 134 mAh / g, and the rate maintenance rate is At 87%, the cycle retention was 65%.
- Example 1-2 A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was adjusted so that the excess alkali concentration after the reaction was 2.5 mol / L under nitrogen flow, and the manganese sulfate aqueous solution was adjusted so that the manganese concentration was 0.6 mol / L.
- An aqueous suspension containing manganese hydroxide particles was obtained by adding the oxide to the reaction vessel to make the total amount 600 L and neutralizing. The aqueous suspension containing the obtained manganese hydroxide particles was switched from nitrogen aeration to air aeration, and an oxidation reaction was performed at 90 ° C. (primary reaction).
- the resulting solution was switched from nitrogen aeration to air aeration and an oxidation reaction was performed at 60 ° C. (secondary reaction). After completion of the secondary reaction, washing with water and drying were performed to obtain a manganese nickel composite compound precursor using spinel-structured Mn 3 O 4 particles as a base material. The precursor was baked at 950 ° C. in the atmosphere for 20 hours to obtain manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder as a precursor.
- the obtained manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder was confirmed to have a cubic spinel structure by X-ray diffraction. Its composition was (Mn 0.72 Ni 0.25 Mg 0.015 Ti 0.015 ) 3 O 4 .
- the production conditions of the positive electrode active material particle powder and various characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder are shown in Tables 1-1 to 1-3.
- Example 1-3 A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was adjusted so that the excess alkali concentration after the reaction was 2.0 mol / L under nitrogen flow, and the manganese sulfate aqueous solution was adjusted so that the manganese concentration was 0.6 mol / L.
- An aqueous suspension containing manganese hydroxide particles was obtained by adding the oxide to the reaction vessel to make the total amount 600 L and neutralizing. The aqueous suspension containing the obtained manganese hydroxide particles was switched from nitrogen aeration to air aeration, and an oxidation reaction was performed at 90 ° C. (primary reaction).
- the obtained manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder was confirmed to have a cubic spinel structure by X-ray diffraction. Its composition was (Mn 0.70 Ni 0.25 Ti 0.05 ) 3 O 4 .
- the production conditions of the positive electrode active material particle powder and various characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder are shown in Tables 1-1 to 1-3.
- the production conditions of the positive electrode active material particle powder and various characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder are shown in Tables 1-1 to 1-3.
- Example 1-5 Based on Example 1-1, the production conditions were changed to obtain positive electrode active material particle powder.
- the production conditions of the positive electrode active material particle powder and various characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder are shown in Tables 1-1 to 1-3.
- the mixture was baked in an electric furnace at 1000 ° C. for 8 hours in the atmosphere, and then baked at 600 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain positive electrode active material particle powder.
- the production conditions of the positive electrode active material particle powder and various characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder are shown in Tables 1-1 to 1-3.
- the production conditions of the positive electrode active material particle powder and various characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder are shown in Tables 1-1 to 1-3.
- the production conditions of the positive electrode active material particle powder and various characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder are shown in Tables 1-1 to 1-3.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention was effective as a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a large charge / discharge capacity.
- Examples and comparative example of the present invention 1 has a characteristic (B):
- Example 2-1 A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was adjusted so that the excess alkali concentration after the reaction was 2.5 mol / L under nitrogen flow, and the manganese sulfate aqueous solution was adjusted so that the manganese concentration was 0.6 mol / L.
- An aqueous suspension containing manganese hydroxide particles was obtained by adding the oxide to the reaction vessel to make the total amount 600 L and neutralizing. The aqueous suspension containing the obtained manganese hydroxide particles was switched from nitrogen aeration to air aeration, and an oxidation reaction was performed at 90 ° C. (primary reaction).
- the obtained manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder was confirmed to have a cubic spinel structure by X-ray diffraction. Its composition was (Mn 0.75 Ni 0.25 ) 3 O 4 . (The average primary particle size is 2.6 ⁇ m, the tap density (500 times) is 2.12 g / ml, the half-width of the strongest peak in X-ray diffraction is 0.20 degrees, and the Na content is 252 ppm. The S content was 88 ppm and the total amount of impurities was 1589 ppm.)
- the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder was confirmed to have a cubic spinel structure by X-ray diffraction (RAD-IIA manufactured by Rigaku).
- the slope according to the Williamson-hall plot was 8.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 .
- the BET specific surface area was 0.43 m 2 / g, D50 was 15.1 ⁇ m, and the tap density was 1.95 g / ml.
- the S content was 18 ppm, the Na content was 95 ppm, and the total amount of impurities was 513 ppm.
- the coin-type battery produced using the positive electrode active material particle powder has a discharge capacity of up to 3.0 V of 140 mAh / g, a discharge capacity of up to 4.5 V is 132 mAh / g, and the rate maintenance rate is At 88%, the cycle retention was 63%.
- Example 2-2 A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was adjusted so that the excess alkali concentration after the reaction was 2.5 mol / L under nitrogen flow, and the manganese sulfate aqueous solution was adjusted so that the manganese concentration was 0.6 mol / L.
- An aqueous suspension containing manganese hydroxide particles was obtained by adding the oxide to the reaction vessel to make the total amount 600 L and neutralizing. The aqueous suspension containing the obtained manganese hydroxide particles was switched from nitrogen aeration to air aeration, and an oxidation reaction was performed at 90 ° C. (primary reaction).
- the obtained manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder was confirmed to have a cubic spinel structure by X-ray diffraction. Its composition was (Mn 0.72 Ni 0.25 Mg 0.015 Ti 0.015 ) 3 O 4 .
- the production conditions of the positive electrode active material particle powder and various characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder are shown in Tables 2-1 to 2-3.
- Example 2-3 A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was adjusted so that the excess alkali concentration after the reaction was 2.0 mol / L under nitrogen flow, and the manganese sulfate aqueous solution was adjusted so that the manganese concentration was 0.6 mol / L.
- An aqueous suspension containing manganese hydroxide particles was obtained by adding the oxide to the reaction vessel to make the total amount 600 L and neutralizing. The aqueous suspension containing the obtained manganese hydroxide particles was switched from nitrogen aeration to air aeration, and an oxidation reaction was performed at 90 ° C. (primary reaction).
- the obtained manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder was confirmed to have a cubic spinel structure by X-ray diffraction. Its composition was (Mn 0.72 Ni 0.25 Ti 0.05 ) 3 O 4 .
- the production conditions of the positive electrode active material particle powder and various characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder are shown in Tables 2-1 to 2-3.
- the production conditions of the positive electrode active material particle powder and various characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder are shown in Tables 2-1 to 2-3.
- Example 2-5 Based on Example 2-1, production conditions were changed to obtain positive electrode active material particle powder.
- the production conditions of the positive electrode active material particle powder and various characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder are shown in Tables 2-1 to 2-3.
- the mixture was baked in an electric furnace at 1000 ° C. for 8 hours in the atmosphere, and then baked at 600 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain positive electrode active material particle powder.
- the production conditions of the positive electrode active material particle powder and various characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder are shown in Tables 2-1 to 2-3.
- the production conditions of the positive electrode active material particle powder and various characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder are shown in Tables 2-1 to 2-3.
- the production conditions of the positive electrode active material particle powder and various characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder are shown in Tables 2-1 to 2-3.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention was effective as a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a large charge / discharge capacity.
- Example 3-1 A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was adjusted so that the excess alkali concentration after the reaction was 2.5 mol / L under nitrogen flow, and the manganese sulfate aqueous solution was adjusted so that the manganese concentration was 0.6 mol / L.
- An aqueous suspension containing manganese hydroxide particles was obtained by adding the oxide to the reaction vessel to make the total amount 600 L and neutralizing. The aqueous suspension containing the obtained manganese hydroxide particles was switched from nitrogen aeration to air aeration, and an oxidation reaction was performed at 90 ° C. (primary reaction).
- the resultant was washed with water and dried to obtain a manganese nickel composite compound using spinel-structured Mn 3 O 4 particles as a base material.
- the manganese nickel composite compound was fired at 950 ° C. in the atmosphere for 20 hours to obtain manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder.
- the obtained manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder had a cubic spinel structure belonging to the space group of Fd-3m. Its composition was (Mn 0.75 Ni 0.25) 3 O 4. The average primary particle size is 2.6 ⁇ m, the tap density (500 times) is 2.12 g / ml, the half-width of the strongest peak in X-ray diffraction is 0.20 °, and the Na content is 252 ppm, The S content was 88 ppm and the total amount of impurities was 1589 ppm.
- the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder was confirmed to have a cubic spinel structure by X-ray diffraction (SmartLab manufactured by Rigaku).
- the X-ray diffraction pattern of the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder is shown in FIG. 3-1.
- the composition is Li 1.0 (Mn 0.75 Ni 0.25 ) 2 O 4 , the average primary particle diameter is 3.5 ⁇ m, the average secondary particle diameter (D50) is 11.6 ⁇ m, and the BET specific surface area is 0. .74m a 2 / g, a product of BET specific surface area and average secondary particle size (D50) of was 8.6 ⁇ 10 -6 m 3 / g . Further, the half value width of (400) was 0.171 °.
- a 2032 coin-type battery manufactured using lithium metal as a counter electrode and using the positive electrode active material particle powder has a charge capacity a up to 4.8 V at initial charge of 140.2 mAh / g and 5.0 V
- the charge capacity “b” was 155.2 mAh / g, and the ratio of (ba) / b was 9.6% as shown in FIG.
- the initial charge / discharge efficiency was 92.8%.
- Example 3-2 to Example 3-7 A positive electrode active material particle powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3-1, except that the firing temperature of firing (1) was variously changed.
- Comparative Example 3-1 A positive electrode active material particle powder was obtained by the same operation as in Example 3-1, except that the firing temperature of firing (1) was 650 ° C.
- the mixture was baked in an electric furnace at 850 ° C. for 8 hours in the atmosphere, and then baked at 600 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain positive electrode active material particle powder.
- FIG. 3-3 A scanning electron micrograph of the positive electrode active material particle powder obtained in Example 3-1 is shown in FIG. 3-3, and a scanning electron micrograph of the positive electrode active material particle powder obtained in Comparative Example 3-1 is shown in FIG. -4.
- the positive electrode active material particles of Example 3-1 have less irregularities on the particle surface of the secondary particles than the positive electrode active material particles of Comparative Example 3-1. It was confirmed that
- the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention is effective as a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a small side reaction with the electrolyte and excellent long-term stability.
- Example 4-1 A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was adjusted so that the excess alkali concentration after the reaction was 2.5 mol / L under nitrogen flow, and the manganese sulfate aqueous solution was adjusted so that the manganese concentration was 0.6 mol / L.
- An aqueous suspension containing manganese hydroxide particles was obtained by charging the total amount of oxide to 600 L and neutralizing the oxide. The resulting aqueous suspension containing manganese hydroxide particles was switched from nitrogen ventilation to air ventilation, and an oxidation reaction was performed at 90 ° C. (primary reaction).
- the resultant was washed with water and dried to obtain a manganese nickel composite compound (intermediate product) using Mn 3 O 4 particles having a spinel structure as a base material.
- the intermediate product was fired at 950 ° C. in the air for 20 hours to obtain manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder.
- the obtained manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder was confirmed to be a cubic type (spinel structure) by X-ray diffraction (FIG. 4-1). Its composition was (Mn 0.75 Ni 0.25) 3 O 4. The average primary particle size is 2.6 ⁇ m, the tap density (500 times) is 2.12 g / ml, the half-width of the strongest peak in X-ray diffraction is 0.20 degrees, and the Na content is 252 ppm, The S content was 88 ppm and the total amount of impurities was 1589 ppm.
- FIG. 4-3 shows an electron micrograph (SEM) of the obtained manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder.
- Example 4-2 A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was adjusted so that the excess alkali concentration after the reaction was 2.5 mol / L under nitrogen flow, and the manganese sulfate aqueous solution was adjusted so that the manganese concentration was 0.6 mol / L.
- An aqueous suspension containing manganese hydroxide particles was obtained by charging the total amount of oxide to 600 L and neutralizing the oxide. The resulting aqueous suspension containing manganese hydroxide particles was switched from nitrogen ventilation to air ventilation, and an oxidation reaction was performed at 90 ° C. (primary reaction).
- the obtained reaction solution was switched from nitrogen aeration to air aeration, and an oxidation reaction was performed at 60 ° C. (secondary reaction). After completion of the secondary reaction, the resultant was washed with water and dried to obtain a manganese nickel composite compound (intermediate product) using Mn 3 O 4 particles having a spinel structure as a base material.
- the intermediate product was baked at 950 ° C. in the air for 20 hours to obtain manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder. It was confirmed by X-ray diffraction that the obtained manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder was a cubic type (spinel structure).
- Example 4-3 A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was adjusted so that the excess alkali concentration after the reaction was 2.0 mol / L under nitrogen flow, and the manganese sulfate aqueous solution was adjusted so that the manganese concentration was 0.6 mol / L.
- An aqueous suspension containing manganese hydroxide particles was obtained by charging the total amount of oxide to 600 L and neutralizing the oxide. The resulting aqueous suspension containing manganese hydroxide particles was switched from nitrogen ventilation to air ventilation, and an oxidation reaction was performed at 90 ° C. (primary reaction).
- the resultant was washed with water and dried to obtain a manganese nickel composite compound (intermediate product) using Mn 3 O 4 particles having a spinel structure as a base material.
- the intermediate product was baked at 950 ° C. in the air for 20 hours to obtain manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder. It was confirmed by X-ray diffraction that the obtained manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder was a cubic type (spinel structure).
- Examples 4-4, 4-5 Manganese nickel composite oxide particles were obtained by changing the production conditions based on Example 4-1.
- Comparative Example 4-2 In the same manner as in Example 4-1, a manganese nickel composite compound (intermediate product) was obtained, and the dried powder after drying was fired at 880 ° C. in the atmosphere for 20 hours to obtain manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder. As a result of X-ray diffraction, a peak of Mn 2 O 3 was observed in addition to the peak of the manganese nickel composite oxide having a spinel structure as the main structure.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder was confirmed to have a cubic spinel structure by X-ray diffraction (RAD-IIA manufactured by Rigaku).
- the BET specific surface area was 0.43 m 2 / g
- D50 was 15.1 ⁇ m
- the tap density was 1.95 g / ml.
- the S content was 18 ppm
- the Na content was 95 ppm
- the total amount of impurities was 513 ppm.
- the coin-type battery produced using the positive electrode active material particle powder has a discharge capacity of up to 3.0 V of 140 mAh / g, a discharge capacity of up to 4.5 V is 132 mAh / g, and the rate maintenance rate is At 88%, the cycle retention was 63%.
- Examples 4-7, 4-8 A positive electrode active material particle powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4-6 except that the kind of manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder, the mixing ratio with lithium carbonate, and the firing temperature were variously changed. As a result of X-ray diffraction, the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder was confirmed to have a spinel structure that is a cubic crystal.
- Example 4-9 The mixture of the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder obtained in Example 4-1 and lithium carbonate was fired at 900 ° C. for 15 hours under air flow, followed by firing at 600 ° C. for 10 hours, whereby positive electrode active material particle powder Got. As a result of X-ray diffraction, the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder was confirmed to have a spinel structure that is a cubic crystal.
- Example 4-10 The mixture of manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder and lithium carbonate obtained in Example 4-5 was calcined at 750 ° C. for 15 hours under air flow, and then calcined at 600 ° C. for 10 hr, whereby positive electrode active material particle powder Got. As a result of X-ray diffraction, the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder was confirmed to have a spinel structure that is a cubic crystal.
- Comparative Example 4-7 The composite oxide obtained in Comparative Example 4-2 was used as a precursor and mixed with a Li compound and fired in the same manner as in Example 4-6 to obtain positive electrode active material particle powder.
- the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder confirmed the peak of nickel-containing lithium manganate, nickel oxide, and Mn 2 O 3 -derived lithium manganate particles by X-ray diffraction. This is presumably because the amount of Ni was relatively increased due to the decrease in the amount of Mn in the manganese nickel composite oxide due to the occurrence of heterogeneous phases.
- Comparative Example 4-8 Except that the composite oxide obtained in Comparative Example 4-3 was used as a precursor, it was mixed with a Li compound and fired in the same manner as in Example 4-9 to obtain positive electrode active material particle powder.
- the obtained positive electrode active material particle powder confirmed the peak of nickel-containing lithium manganate, nickel oxide, and Mn 2 O 3 -derived lithium manganate particles by X-ray diffraction. This is presumably because the amount of Ni was relatively increased due to the decrease in the amount of Mn in the manganese nickel composite oxide due to the occurrence of heterogeneous phases.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder made of nickel-containing lithium manganate obtained when the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention is used is excellent in non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries having a large charge / discharge capacity. It was confirmed to be effective as a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material particle powder according to the present invention 1 and 4 has a large discharge capacity and excellent cycle characteristics and a small side reaction with the electrolytic solution, it has excellent long-term stability, so that the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery It is suitable as a positive electrode active material particle powder for use.
- the manganese nickel composite oxide particle powder according to the present invention has a high discharge capacity and excellent cycle characteristics when made into a positive electrode active material particle powder comprising nickel-containing lithium manganate synthesized using the oxide as a precursor. Since a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is obtained, it is suitable as a precursor of the positive electrode active material.
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Abstract
Description
(B)該正極活物質粒子粉末のX線回折についてFd-3mで指数付けした際、各ピーク位置2θ(10~90度)に対する半価幅Bとしたとき、横軸にsinθ、縦軸にBcosθとしたグラフにおける最小二乗法による直線の傾きが3.0×10-4~20.0×10-4の範囲である。
Li1+xMn2-y-zNiyMzO4
-0.05≦x≦0.15、0.4≦y≦0.6、0≦z≦0.20
(M:Mg,Al,Si,Ca,Ti,Co,Zn,Sb,Ba,W,Biから選ばれる1種または2種以上)
Li1+xMn2-y-zNiyMzO4
-0.05≦x≦0.15、0.4≦y≦0.6、0≦z≦0.20
(M:Mg,Al,Si,Ca,Ti,Co,Zn,Sb,Ba,W,Biから選ばれる1種または2種以上)
(Mn1-y-z NiyMz)3O4
0.2≦y≦0.3、 0≦z≦0.10
M:Mg,Al,Si,Ca,Ti,Co,Zn,Sb,Ba,W,Biより1種または1種以上
また、異種元素Mとしては、Mg,Al,Si,Ca,Ti,Co,Zn,Sb,Ba,W及びBiから選ばれる1種または2種以上を置換させてもよく、より好ましい添加元素はMg,Al,Si,Ti,Co,Zn,Y,Zr,Sb,Wである。その前記異種元素Mの含有量zは該スピネル型構造を有する化合物の化学式において0.20以下が好ましい。本発明1に係る正極活物質粒子粉末は、スピネル型構造を有することで5Vという高い電圧で充電を行っても構造が崩壊することなく、充放電サイクルが行える。また、酸素は常識の範囲で酸素欠損を伴っていてもよい。化学式への記載は省いてある。
本発明1に係る正極活物質粒子粉末の構造は、X線回折にてFd-3mで指数付けしたときに、(311)面のピーク強度(I(311))と(111)面のピーク強度(I(111))との割合(I(311)/I(111))が、35~43%の範囲となる。ピーク強度比の割合が前記範囲内となることによって、放電容量が高く且つ、サイクル特性が良好である。前記ピーク強度比は好ましくは36~42%の範囲である。前記ピーク強度比が35%未満の場合には、正極活物質粒子粉末においてスピネル構造そのものを維持できなくなってしまう。前記ピーク強度比が43%を超える場合、十分な放電容量とサイクル特性が得られない。
本発明1に係る正極活物質粒子粉末の構造は、X線回折にてFd-3mで指数付けしたときに、各ピーク位置2θ(10~90度)に対しする半価幅Βとしたとき、横軸にsinθ、縦軸にΒcosθとしたグラフにおける最小二乗法による直線の傾きが(3.0×10-4~20.0×10-4)の範囲である。本発明1では前記範囲内に制御することによって、放電容量が高く、且つサイクル特性が良好であることが分かった。好ましくは(3.5×10-4~15.0×10-4)の範囲である。本発明1の範囲外となる場合には、正極活物質粒子粉末における結晶構造を安定的に維持できなくなってしまい、サイクル特性が悪化してしまう。
Βcosθ=ηsinθ+λ/D
η=本発明1における傾きパラメータ,λ=X線の波長,D=結晶子径
尚、該傾きは一般的には組成的な歪みや結晶に関する歪みといった情報などを含んだパラメータであるといわれている。詳細は明らかではないが、本発明1における傾きの範囲内である場合に、正極活物質粒子粉末は放電容量が大きくサイクル特性に優れた結果となることを見出した。
また、異種元素Mとして、Mg、Al、Si、Ca、Ti、Co、Zn、Sb、Ba、W及びBiから選ばれる1種または2種以上を置換させてもよく、より好ましい添加元素はMg,Al,Si,Ti,Co,Zn,Y,Zr,Sb,Wである。その前記異種元素Mの含有量zは該スピネル型構造を有する化合物の化学式において0.20以下が好ましい。本発明に係る正極活物質粒子粉末は、スピネル型構造を有することで5Vという高い電圧で充電を行っても構造が崩壊することなく、充放電サイクルが行える。また、酸素は常識の範囲で酸素欠損を伴っていてもよい(化学式への記載は省いてある)。
化学式(2)
(Mn1-y-zNiyMz)3O4
0.2≦y≦0.3、0≦z≦0.10
M:Mg,Al,Si,Ca,Ti,Co,Zn,Sb,Ba,W,Biから選ばれる1種又は2種以上
本発明1における正極活物質粒子粉末のX線回折にて、Fd-3mで指数付けしたときに、特性(A)を有する場合は、X線回折における(311)面のピーク強度と(111)面のピーク強度との割合が35~43%の範囲に入ることで、放電容量が高く、且つ、サイクル特性が良好な結果となったと考えている。
実施例1-1:
窒素通気のもと反応後の過剰アルカリ濃度が2.5mol/Lとなるように水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を調整し、マンガン濃度が0.6mol/Lとなるように硫酸マンガン水溶液を調整し、両水酸化物を反応槽に投入して全量を600Lとし、中和させることで水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水懸濁液を得た。得られた水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水懸濁液に対して、窒素通気から空気通気に切り替え、90℃で酸化反応を行った(一次反応)。一次反応終了後、窒素通気に切替え同反応槽にて0.3mol/Lの硫酸マンガン溶液117.3Lと1.5mol/Lの硫酸ニッケル溶液39.4Lを加えることで、一次反応にて生成されたマンガン酸化物とマンガン化合物及びニッケル化合物(水酸化マンガン及び水酸化ニッケルなど)を含有する水懸濁液を得た。得られた溶液に対して、窒素通気から空気通気に切替え、60℃で酸化反応を行った(二次反応)。二次反応終了後、水洗、乾燥することで、スピネル構造のMn3O4粒子を母材としたマンガンニッケル複合化合物前駆体を得た。該前駆体を950℃で20hr大気中にて焼成することで前駆体となるマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末を得た。
窒素通気のもと反応後の過剰アルカリ濃度が2.5mol/Lとなるように水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を調整し、マンガン濃度が0.6mol/Lとなるように硫酸マンガン水溶液を調整し、両水酸化物を反応槽に投入して全量を600Lとし、中和させることで水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水懸濁液を得た。得られた水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水懸濁液に対して、窒素通気から空気通気に切り替え、90℃で酸化反応を行った(一次反応)。一次反応終了後、窒素通気に切替え同反応槽にて0.3mol/Lの硫酸マンガン溶液117.3Lと1.5mol/Lの硫酸ニッケル溶液39.4Lと1.5mol/Lの硫酸チタニル溶液20.0Lと1.5mol/Lの硫酸マグネシウム溶液を10.0Lを加えることで、一次反応にて生成されたマンガン酸化物とマンガン化合物、ニッケル化合物、マグネシウム化合物及びチタン化合物(水酸化マンガン、水酸化ニッケル、水酸化マグネシウム及び水酸化チタンなど)を含有する水懸濁液を得た。得られた溶液に対して、窒素通気から空気通気に切替え、60℃で酸化反応を行った(二次反応)。二次反応終了後、水洗、乾燥することで、スピネル構造のMn3O4粒子を母材としたマンガンニッケル複合化合物前駆体を得た。該前駆体を950℃で20hr大気中にて焼成することで前駆体であるマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末を得た。
窒素通気のもと反応後の過剰アルカリ濃度が2.0mol/Lとなるように水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を調整し、マンガン濃度が0.6mol/Lとなるように硫酸マンガン水溶液を調整し、両水酸化物を反応槽に投入して全量を600Lとし、中和させることで水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水懸濁液を得た。得られた水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水懸濁液に対して、窒素通気から空気通気に切り替え、90℃で酸化反応を行った(一次反応)。一次反応終了後、窒素通気に切替え同反応槽にて0.3mol/Lの硫酸マンガン溶液117.3Lと1.5mol/Lの硫酸ニッケル溶液39.4Lと1.5mol/Lの硫酸チタニル溶液30.2Lを加えることで、一次反応にて生成されたマンガン酸化物とマンガン化合物、ニッケル化合物及びチタン化合物(水酸化マンガン、水酸化ニッケル及び水酸化チタン)を含有する水懸濁液を得た。得られた溶液に対して、窒素通気から空気通気に切替え、60℃で酸化反応を行った(二次反応)。二次反応終了後、水洗、乾燥することで、スピネル構造のMn3O4粒子を母材としたマンガンニッケル複合化合物前駆体を得た。該前駆体を950℃で20hr大気中にて焼成することで前駆体であるマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末を得た。
実施例1-1で得られたマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末と炭酸リチウムをLi:(Mn+Ni)=0.50:1.00となるように秤量し、ボールミルで1時間乾式混合することで均一な混合物を得た。その後、電気炉を用いて、酸素流通下900℃で15hr焼成し、続けて600℃で10hr焼成することで、正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。
実施例1-1に基づいて製造条件を変化させて、正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。
密閉型反応槽に水を14L入れ、窒素ガスを流通させながら50℃に保持した。さらに、pH=8.2(±0.2)となるよう、強攪拌しながら連続的に1.5mol/LのNi、Mnの混合硫酸塩水溶液と0.8mol/L炭酸ナトリウム水溶液と2mol/Lアンモニア水溶液を加えた。反応中は濃縮装置により濾液のみを系外に排出して固形分は反応槽に滞留させながら、40時間反応後、共沈生成物のスラリーを採取した。採取したスラリーを濾過した後、純水で水洗を行った。その後105℃で一晩乾燥させ、前駆体粒子粉末を得た。X線回折測定の結果、得られた前駆体粒子粉末は、炭酸塩を主成分としていた。
比較例1-1で得られた前駆体粒子粉末と水酸化リチウムを秤量し、Li:Me=0.50:1.00となるように秤量し、十分に混合した。混合物を電気炉にて、大気中1000℃で8hr焼成し、続けて600℃で6hr焼成し正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。
比較例1-1で得られた前駆体粒子粉末と水酸化リチウムを秤量し、Li:Me=0.51:1.00となるように秤量し、十分に混合した。混合物を電気炉にて、大気中1000℃で8hr焼成し、続けて600℃で6hr焼成し正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。
実施例2-1:
窒素通気のもと反応後の過剰アルカリ濃度が2.5mol/Lとなるように水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を調整し、マンガン濃度が0.6mol/Lとなるように硫酸マンガン水溶液を調整し、両水酸化物を反応槽に投入して全量を600Lとし、中和させることで水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水懸濁液を得た。得られた水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水懸濁液に対して、窒素通気から空気通気に切り替え、90℃で酸化反応を行った(一次反応)。一次反応終了後、窒素通気に切替え同反応槽にて0.3mol/Lの硫酸マンガン溶液117.3Lと1.5mol/Lの硫酸ニッケル溶液39.4Lを加えることで、一次反応にて生成されたマンガン酸化物と水酸化マンガン及び水酸化ニッケルの水懸濁液を得た。得られた溶液に対して、窒素通気から空気通気に切替え、60℃で酸化反応を行った(二次反応)。二次反応終了後、水洗、乾燥することで、スピネル構造のMn3O4粒子を母材としたマンガンニッケル複合化合物前駆体を得た。該前駆体を950℃で20hr大気中にて焼成することで前駆体となるマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末を得た。
窒素通気のもと反応後の過剰アルカリ濃度が2.5mol/Lとなるように水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を調整し、マンガン濃度が0.6mol/Lとなるように硫酸マンガン水溶液を調整し、両水酸化物を反応槽に投入して全量を600Lとし、中和させることで水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水懸濁液を得た。得られた水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水懸濁液に対して、窒素通気から空気通気に切り替え、90℃で酸化反応を行った(一次反応)。一次反応終了後、窒素通気に切替え同反応槽にて0.3mol/Lの硫酸マンガン溶液117.3Lと1.5mol/Lの硫酸ニッケル溶液39.4Lと1.5mol/Lの硫酸チタニル溶液20.0Lと1.5mol/Lの硫酸マグネシウム溶液を10.0Lを加えることで、一次反応にて生成されたマンガン酸化物と水酸化マンガン、水酸化ニッケル、水酸化マグネシウム及び水酸化チタンの水懸濁液を得た。得られた溶液に対して、窒素通気から空気通気に切替え、60℃で酸化反応を行った(二次反応)。二次反応終了後、水洗、乾燥することで、スピネル構造のMn3O4粒子を母材としたマンガンニッケル複合化合物前駆体を得た。該前駆体を950℃で20hr大気中にて焼成することで前駆体であるマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末を得た。
窒素通気のもと反応後の過剰アルカリ濃度が2.0mol/Lとなるように水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を調整し、マンガン濃度が0.6mol/Lとなるように硫酸マンガン水溶液を調整し、両水酸化物を反応槽に投入して全量を600Lとし、中和させることで水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水懸濁液を得た。得られた水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水懸濁液に対して、窒素通気から空気通気に切り替え、90℃で酸化反応を行った(一次反応)。一次反応終了後、窒素通気に切替え同反応槽にて0.3mol/Lの硫酸マンガン溶液117.3Lと1.5mol/Lの硫酸ニッケル溶液39.4Lと1.5mol/Lの硫酸チタニル溶液30.2Lを加えることで、一次反応にて生成されたマンガン酸化物と水酸化マンガン、水酸化ニッケル及び水酸化チタンの水懸濁液を得た。得られた溶液に対して、窒素通気から空気通気に切替え、60℃で酸化反応を行った(二次反応)。二次反応終了後、水洗、乾燥することで、スピネル構造のMn3O4粒子を母材としたマンガンニッケル複合化合物前駆体を得た。該前駆体を950℃で20hr大気中にて焼成することで前駆体であるマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末を得た。
実施例2-1で得られたマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末と炭酸リチウムをLi:(Mn+Ni)=0.50:1.00となるように秤量し、ボールミルで1時間乾式混合することで均一な混合物を得た。その後、電気炉を用いて、酸素流通下900℃で15hr焼成し、続けて600℃で10hr焼成することで、正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。
実施例2-1に基づいて製造条件を変化させて、正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。
密閉型反応槽に水を14L入れ、窒素ガスを流通させながら50℃に保持した。さらにpH=8.2(±0.2)となるよう、強攪拌しながら連続的に1.5mol/LのNi、Mnの混合硫酸塩水溶液と0.8mol/L炭酸ナトリウム水溶液と2mol/Lアンモニア水溶液を加えた。反応中は濃縮装置により濾液のみを系外に排出して固形分は反応槽に滞留させながら、40時間反応後、共沈生成物のスラリーを採取した。採取したスラリーを濾過した後、純水で水洗を行った。その後105℃で一晩乾燥させ、前駆体粒子粉末を得た。X線回折測定の結果、得られた前駆体粒子粉末は、炭酸塩を主成分としていた。
比較例2-1で得られた前駆体粒子粉末と水酸化リチウムを秤量し、Li:Me=0.50:1.00となるように秤量し、十分に混合した。混合物を電気炉にて、大気中1000℃で8hr焼成し、続けて600℃で6hr焼成し正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。
比較例2-1で得られた前駆体粒子粉末と水酸化リチウムを秤量し、Li:Me=0.51:1.00となるように秤量し、十分に混合した。混合物を電気炉にて、大気中1000℃で8hr焼成し、続けて600℃で6hr焼成し正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。
実施例3-1:
窒素通気のもと反応後の過剰アルカリ濃度が2.5mol/Lとなるように水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を調整し、マンガン濃度が0.6mol/Lとなるように硫酸マンガン水溶液を調整し、両水酸化物を反応槽に投入して全量を600Lとし、中和させることで水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水懸濁液を得た。得られた水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水懸濁液に対して、窒素通気から空気通気に切り替え、90℃で酸化反応を行った(一次反応)。一次反応終了後、窒素通気に切替え同反応槽にて0.3mol/Lの硫酸マンガン溶液117.3Lと1.5mol/Lの硫酸ニッケル溶液39.4Lを加えることで、一次反応にて生成されたマンガン酸化物とマンガン化合物及びニッケル化合物(水酸化マンガン及び水酸化ニッケルなど)を含有する水懸濁液を得た。得られた溶液に対して、窒素通気から空気通気に切替え、60℃で酸化反応を行った(二次反応)。二次反応終了後、水洗、乾燥することで、スピネル構造のMn3O4粒子を母材としたマンガンニッケル複合化合物を得た。該マンガンニッケル複合化合物を950℃で20hr大気中にて焼成して、マンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末を得た。
焼成(1)の焼成温度を種々変えた以外は、実施例3-1と同様の操作により正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。
焼成(1)の焼成温度を650℃とした以外は実施例3-1と同様の操作により正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。
密閉型反応槽に水を14L入れ、窒素ガスを流通させながら50℃に保持した。さらに、pH=8.2(±0.2)となるよう、強攪拌しながら連続的に1.5mol/LのNi、Mnの混合硫酸塩水溶液と0.8mol/L炭酸ナトリウム水溶液と2mol/Lアンモニア水溶液を加えた。反応中は濃縮装置により濾液のみを系外に排出して固形分は反応槽に滞留させながら、40時間反応後、共沈生成物のスラリーを採取した。採取したスラリーを濾過した後、純水で水洗を行った。その後105℃で一晩乾燥させ、前駆体粒子粉末を得た。X線回折測定の結果、得られた前駆体粒子粉末は、炭酸塩を主成分としていた。
比較例3-2で得られた前駆体粒子粉末と水酸化リチウムとをLi:Me=0.50:1.00となるように秤量し、十分に混合した。混合物を電気炉にて、大気中1000℃で8hr焼成し、続けて600℃で6hr焼成し正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。
実施例4-1:
窒素通気のもと反応後の過剰アルカリ濃度が2.5mol/Lとなるように水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を調整し、マンガン濃度が0.6mol/Lとなるように硫酸マンガン水溶液を調整し、両水酸化物を反応槽に投入して全量を600Lとし、中和させることで水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水縣濁液を得た。得られた水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水縣濁液に対して、窒素通気から空気通気に切り替え、90℃で酸化反応を行った(一次反応)。
窒素通気のもと反応後の過剰アルカリ濃度が2.5mol/Lとなるように水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を調整し、マンガン濃度が0.6mol/Lとなるように硫酸マンガン水溶液を調整し、両水酸化物を反応槽に投入して全量を600Lとし、中和させることで水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水縣濁液を得た。得られた水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水縣濁液に対して、窒素通気から空気通気に切り替え、90℃で酸化反応を行った(一次反応)。
窒素通気のもと反応後の過剰アルカリ濃度が2.0mol/Lとなるように水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を調整し、マンガン濃度が0.6mol/Lとなるように硫酸マンガン水溶液を調整し、両水酸化物を反応槽に投入して全量を600Lとし、中和させることで水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水縣濁液を得た。得られた水酸化マンガン粒子を含む水縣濁液に対して、窒素通気から空気通気に切り替え、90℃で酸化反応を行った(一次反応)。
実施例4-1に基づいて製造条件を変化させてマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末を得た。
密閉型反応槽に水を14L入れ、窒素ガスを流通させながら50℃に保持した。さらに、pH=8.2(±0.2)となるよう、強攪拌しながら連続的に1.5mol/LのNi、Mnの混合硫酸塩水溶液と0.8mol/L炭酸ナトリウム水溶液と2mol/Lアンモニア水溶液を加えた。反応中は濃縮装置により濾液のみを系外に排出して固形分は反応槽に滞留させながら、40時間反応後、共沈生成物のスラリーを採取した。採取したスラリーを濾過した後、純水で水洗を行った。その後105℃で一晩乾燥させ、前駆体粒子粉末を得た。X線回折測定の結果、得られた前駆体粒子粉末は、炭酸塩を主成分としていた(図4-2)。得られた前駆体粒子粉末の電子顕微鏡写真(SEM)を図4-4に示す。
実施例4-1と同様にしてマンガンニッケル複合化合物(中間生成物)を得、乾燥後の乾燥粉を880℃で20hr大気中にて焼成し、マンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末を得た。X線回折の結果、主構造であるスピネル構造のマンガンニッケル複合酸化物のピーク以外に、Mn2O3のピークが見られた。
密閉型反応槽に水を14L入れ、窒素ガスを流通させながら50℃に保持した。さらにpH=8.2(±0.2)となるよう、強攪拌しながら連続的に1.5mol/LのNi、Mnの混合硫酸塩水溶液と0.8mol/L水酸化ナトリウム水溶液と2mol/Lアンモニア水溶液を加えた。反応中は濃縮装置により濾液のみを系外に排出して固形分は反応槽に滞留させながら、40時間反応後、共沈生成物のスラリーを採取した。採取したスラリーを濾過した後、純水で水洗を行った。その後105℃で一晩乾燥させ、前駆体粒子粉末を得た。X線回折測定の結果、得られた前駆体粒子粉末は、水酸化物(乾燥により酸化物に一部変化)を主成分としていた。
実施例4-1で得られたマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末と炭酸リチウムをLi:(Mn+Ni)=0.50:1.00となるように秤量し、ボールミルで1時間乾式混合することで均一な混合物を得た。その後、電気炉を用いて、酸素流通下750℃で15hr焼成し、続けて600℃で10hr焼成することで、正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。
マンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末の種類、炭酸リチウムとの混合割合、焼成温度を種々変化させた以外は、実施例4-6と同様にして正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。得られた正極活物質粒子粉末はX線回折の結果、いずれも、立方晶であるスピネル構造を有することを確認した。
実施例4-1で得られたマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末と炭酸リチウムとの混合物を、空気流通下900℃で15hr焼成し、続けて600℃で10hr焼成することで、正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。得られた正極活物質粒子粉末はX線回折の結果、いずれも、立方晶であるスピネル構造を有することを確認した。
実施例4-5で得られたマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末と炭酸リチウムとの混合物を、空気流通下750℃で15hr焼成し、続けて600℃で10hr焼成することで、正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。得られた正極活物質粒子粉末はX線回折の結果、いずれも、立方晶であるスピネル構造を有することを確認した。
比較例4-1で得られた前駆体粒子粉末と水酸化リチウムを秤量し、Li:Me=0.48:1.00となるように秤量し、十分に混合した。混合物を電気炉にて、大気中1000℃で8hr焼成し、続けて600℃で6hr焼成し正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。
比較例4-1で得られた前駆体粒子粉末と水酸化リチウムを秤量し、Li:Me=0.50:1.00となるように秤量し、十分に混合した。混合物を電気炉にて、大気中1000℃で8hr焼成し、続けて600℃で6hr焼成し正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。
比較例4-1で得られた前駆体粒子粉末と水酸化リチウムを秤量し、Li:Me=0.51:1.00となるように秤量し、十分に混合した。混合物を電気炉にて、大気中1000℃で8hr焼成し、続けて600℃で6hr焼成し正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。
比較例4-2で得られた複合酸化物を前駆体とし実施例4-6と同様にしてLi化合物と混合、焼成して正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。得られた正極活物質粒子粉末はX線回折より、ニッケル含有マンガン酸リチウムと酸化ニッケルとMn2O3由来のマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末のピークが確認できた。これは、異相の発生によりマンガンニッケル複合酸化物中のMn量が減るために相対的にNi量が増えたためだと考えられる。
比較例4-3で得られた複合酸化物を前駆体とした以外は、実施例4-9と同様にしてLi化合物と混合、焼成して正極活物質粒子粉末を得た。得られた正極活物質粒子粉末はX線回折より、ニッケル含有マンガン酸リチウムと酸化ニッケルとMn2O3由来のマンガン酸リチウム粒子粉末のピークが確認できた。これは、異相の発生によりマンガンニッケル複合酸化物中のMn量が減るために相対的にNi量が増えたためだと考えられる。
Claims (23)
- 組成が下記化学式(1)で示されるスピネル構造を有する非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末であって、該正極活物質粒子粉末のX線回折についてFd-3mで指数付けした際、以下の(A)及び/又は(B)の特性を有することを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末。
(A)該正極活物質粒子粉末のX線回折についてFd-3mで指数付けした際、I(311)とI(111)との割合(I(311)/I(111))が35~43%の範囲である及び/又は
(B)該正極活物質粒子粉末のX線回折についてFd-3mで指数付けした際、各ピーク位置2θ(10~90度)に対する半価幅Bとしたとき、横軸にsinθ、縦軸にBcosθとしたグラフにおける最小二乗法による直線の傾きが3.0×10-4~20.0×10-4の範囲である。
化学式(1)
Li1+xMn2-y-zNiyMzO4
-0.05≦x≦0.15、0.4≦y≦0.6、0≦z≦0.20
(M:Mg,Al,Si,Ca,Ti,Co,Zn,Sb,Ba,W,Biから選ばれる1種または2種以上) - (A)及び/又は(B)において、平均二次粒子径(D50)が4~30μmである請求項1記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末。
- (A)及び/又は(B)において、BET法による比表面積が0.05~1.00m2/gの範囲である請求項1又は2記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末。
- 組成が下記化学式(1)で示されるスピネル構造を有する非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末であって、平均一次粒子径が1.0~4.0μm、平均二次粒子径(D50)が4~30μm、BET比表面積が0.3~1.0m2/gであり、且つ、該複合酸化物子粉末の平均二次粒子径(D50)とBET比表面積との積をyとしたときに、y≦10.0×10-6m3/gであることを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末。
化学式(1)
Li1+xMn2-y-zNiyMzO4
-0.05≦x≦0.15、0.4≦y≦0.6、0≦z≦0.20
(M:Mg,Al,Si,Ca,Ti,Co,Zn,Sb,Ba,W,Biから選ばれる1種または2種以上) - 前記非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末のX線回折について(400)面のピークの半値幅をzとしたときに、z≦0.230degreeの範囲である請求項4記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末。
- タップ密度(500回)が1.7g/ml以上である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末。
- 該正極活物質粒子粉末におけるナトリウム含有量が30~2000ppmで、硫黄含有量が10~600ppm、且つ不純物の総和が5000ppm以下である請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末。
- 該正極活物質粒子粉末の示差走査熱量測定にて-40℃から70℃まで昇温したときに吸熱量が0.3~0.8J/mgの範囲である請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末において、該正極活物質粒子粉末を用いて非水電解質二次電池としたときに、リチウム金属対比で3.0V以上の容量が130mAh/g以上であって4.5V以上の容量が120mAh/g以上であり、且つ、対極が人造黒鉛として200サイクルにおけるサイクル維持率が55%以上である請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末において、対極がLiである二次電池を作製し、25℃でのサイクル試験にて30サイクル後における放電容量において、(3.5V-3.0V)の容量が2mAh/g以下である請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末。
- 請求項4又は5に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末において、該正極活物質粒子粉末を用いて非水電解質二次電池としたときに、初期充電時において、4.8V充電時の電池容量をa、5.0V充電時の電池容量をbとしたときに、(b-a)/bで示される割合が10%より小さい請求項4又は5に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末。
- 請求項4又は5に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末において、該正極活物質粒子粉末を用いて非水電解質二次電池としたときに、初期充放電効率が90%以上である請求項4又は5に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末。
- 請求項4又は5に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末の製造方法において、MnとNiが主成分である複合化合物とLi化合物を混合し、酸化性雰囲気で680℃~1050℃で焼成(1)を行い、引き続き500~700℃で焼成(2)を行うことを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載の正極活物質粒子粉末の製造方法。
- 請求項1~12のいずれかに記載の正極活物質粒子粉末を使用した非水電解質二次電池。
- Fd-3mの空間群を有する立方晶スピネルであるMnとNiが主成分の複合酸化物において、実質的に単相であり、平均一次粒子径が1.0~8.0μmの範囲であることを特徴とするマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末。
- 請求項15記載の複合酸化物粒子粉末において、タップ密度が1.8g/ml以上であり、X線回折による最強ピークの半価幅が0.15~0.25の範囲であり、下記化学式(1)で表される組成式を有するマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末。
化学式(1)
(Mn1-y-z NiyMz)3O4
0.2≦y≦0.3、 0≦z≦0.10
M:Mg,Al,Si,Ca,Ti,Co,Zn,Sb,Ba,W,Biより1種または1種以上 - 請求項15又は16に記載の複合酸化物粒子粉末において、ナトリウム含有量が100~2000ppmであり、硫黄含有量が10~1000ppmであって、不純物の総和が4000ppm以下であるマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末。
- マンガン塩水溶液に、該マンガンの当量に対して過剰量のアルカリ水溶液を用いて中和してマンガン水酸化物を含有する水懸濁液とし、次いで、60~100℃の温度範囲で酸化反応を行って四酸化三マンガン核粒子を得る一次反応を行い、該一次反応後の反応溶液に対してマンガン原料とニッケル原料を添加した後、酸化反応を行う二次反応によって、四酸化三マンガン粒子を核粒子としたマンガンニッケル複合化合物を得、次いで、当該四酸化三マンガン粒子を核粒子としたマンガンニッケル複合化合物を酸化性雰囲気で900~1100℃の温度範囲で焼成する請求項15~17のいずれかに記載のマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末の製造方法。
- 過剰量のアルカリ水溶液のアルカリ濃度が0.1~5.0mol/Lであるマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末の請求項18記載の製造方法。
- 請求項18又は19記載のマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末の製造法において、一次反応後の反応溶液を非酸化雰囲気に切り替えた後に、該非酸化雰囲気を保持した状態で、二次反応におけるマンガン原料及びニッケル原料水溶液を添加するマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末の製造方法。
- 請求項15~17のいずれかに記載のマンガンニッケル複合酸化物粒子粉末とリチウム化合物とを混合し、酸化性雰囲気中で680~1050℃で焼成し、引き続き500~700℃で焼成する立方晶スピネル構造を有する非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末の製造方法。
- 請求項21記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末の製造方法によって得られた非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末が請求項1~12のいずれかに記載の正極活物質粒子粉末である非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質粒子粉末の製造方法。
- 請求項21又は22記載の正極活物質粒子粉末の製造方法によって得られた正極活物質粒子粉末を用いた非水電解質二次電池。
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US20180347068A1 (en) | 2018-12-06 |
EP2693534B1 (en) | 2022-06-22 |
EP2693534A4 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
CN103460455A (zh) | 2013-12-18 |
EP2693534A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 |
CA2831756A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
PL2693534T3 (pl) | 2022-10-31 |
KR20140008408A (ko) | 2014-01-21 |
US11072869B2 (en) | 2021-07-27 |
CN103460455B (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
US10161057B2 (en) | 2018-12-25 |
TWI568068B (zh) | 2017-01-21 |
KR101948343B1 (ko) | 2019-02-14 |
TW201240200A (en) | 2012-10-01 |
US20140034872A1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
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