WO2012060456A1 - 免疫学的測定用青色金ナノ粒子、その製造方法およびそれを用いた測定方法 - Google Patents
免疫学的測定用青色金ナノ粒子、その製造方法およびそれを用いた測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
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- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
- G01N33/585—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with a particulate label, e.g. coloured latex
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- B22F2301/255—Silver or gold
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- B22F2304/00—Physical aspects of the powder
- B22F2304/05—Submicron size particles
- B22F2304/056—Particle size above 100 nm up to 300 nm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
Definitions
- the present invention is a blue gold nanoparticle useful as a labeling agent for immunological measurement and a protein stain, which has highly sharp coloration, stable persistence, and excellent discrimination.
- the present invention relates to a colloidal solution of blue gold nanoparticles.
- the present invention also relates to a method of producing blue gold nanoparticles of the present invention, a test kit using the same, and a method of measuring the same.
- the present invention relates to a labeling substance for immunoassays which uses the blue gold nanoparticles of the present invention as a labeling substance in an immunoassay system.
- immunochromatographic strip format immunoassays have become increasingly important as simple in-vitro diagnostic kits or portable diagnostic devices that detect antigens in a sample liquid using the specific reactivity of antibodies.
- research and development has been advanced on a simple multi-item test tool based on an immunochromatographic method for examining the presence or absence of infection against pathogens such as influenza virus and bacteria.
- metal colloid particles and latex particles are generally used as insoluble carriers used in immunological measurement methods
- latex particles are required to be modified with chemical functional groups to firmly support substances to be labeled such as proteins.
- a complicated manufacturing process such as carrying out is required. Therefore, gold colloid particles, which can easily carry a substance to be labeled and can be manufactured inexpensively and easily, are preferably used.
- An immunochromatographic test reagent in which an antibody is labeled with an insoluble carrier is widely used because the operation is simple and the test is completed in a short time, but it is generally less sensitive than EIA and is positive. There is a problem that the line observed in the case of is not clear. In order to solve such problems, various metal colloids have been developed that are more sensitive than conventional gold colloid particles and are suitable as markers for immunological measurements and protein stains. ing.
- Patent Document 1 platinum is supported on the surface of gold colloid particles (average particle diameter: 30 to 100 nm) because coloring is insufficient because the average particle diameter of platinum colloid particles is small in immunochromatography and it is not suitable for practical use.
- chloroauric acid is reduced in a solvent to form gold colloid particles, and then chloroplatinic acid is reduced in the presence of the gold colloid particles.
- Patent Document 2 further improves this to provide metal colloid particles with higher sensitivity. That is, metal colloid particles in which platinum having an average particle diameter of 5 nm is supported on the surface of gold colloid particles (average particle diameter: 30 to 100 nm) are provided.
- the blending amount of the reducing agent when producing gold colloidal particles in the medium, and the blending amount of the reducing agent when reducing and supporting platinum on the gold colloid particles are set in a specific range, and According to the production method substantially free of the protective colloid-forming agent.
- protective colloid-forming agents include water-soluble polymeric substances such as PVA, PVP, and gelatin, surfactants, and polymeric chelating agents. (See Patent Document 2)
- the average particle size of gold colloid particles is 17 to less than 55 nm in the first growth stage, 55 to less than 110 nm in the second growth stage, and 110 to 220 nm in the third growth stage, and the standard deviation of the particle size is It is less than 10%. (See Patent Document 4)
- viruses rotavirus, calcivirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, enterovirus, etc.
- a detection line is known. There is a problem that erroneous judgment by visual judgment easily occurs because the number is plural.
- test samples suitable for multiple respiratory infection tests.
- First test device eg, for testing of influenza virus infection
- second test device eg, for testing of adenoviral infection or respiratory syncytial virus infection
- test sample Testing methods See Patent Document 5
- red and blue have high visual color discrimination, they are used for various mutual discriminations as seen in displays for identifying men and women, and for displays of hot water (red) and water (blue).
- the gold colloid particles that have been put to practical use in the past are spherical red particles, but blue gold colloid particles of different colors, that is, highly distinguishable with respect to red, are used as labeling agents and protein stains If this is the case, although it is thought that false judgments and false diagnoses by visual judgment are significantly reduced, blue gold colloid particles have not been put into practical use yet.
- Patent Document 7-9 describes metal nanoparticles having various light absorption wavelength characteristics by changing the size, pattern, structure, shape, etc. of the metal nanoparticles.
- the patent documents 7 and 8 show that gold nanoparticles exhibiting blue color have the structure / shape of gold nanoshells, nanorods, nanotubes or nanoprism particles, and gold nanoparticles have (1) silver nano-particles exhibiting yellow color.
- gold nanoshell After adding a reducing agent to the particle solution (containing polyvinyl pyrrolidone and a protective agent such as ethylene glycol), refluxing at about 100 ° C., (2) injecting the gold salt solution into the refluxing reaction solution, (3) The reaction product is cooled to room temperature and then filtered using a 0.2 ⁇ m microfilter, and the obtained gold nanoparticles have a form in which only the surface layer is composed of gold. (Gold nanoshell). It is described that gold nanorods, gold nanotubes or gold nanoprisms can be obtained using surfactants such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (bromide) (C 16 TAB) at the time of formation of gold nanoparticles.
- surfactants such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (bromide) (C 16 TAB)
- rod-shaped gold nanoparticles are obtained by reducing gold ions with a reducing agent (amines) in an aqueous solution in which C 16 TAB (surfactant of ammonium salt) is present.
- the aspect ratio (long axis / short axis) of the gold nanoparticles can be controlled by adjusting the mixing ratio of the amine and the ammonium salt used in combination, and the aspect ratio: 2 to 11, the absorption wavelength peak range: 658 to 1200 nm Gold nanorods have been obtained. There is a statement that it can be used as a test drug.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes a colloid of cane-shaped gold nanocrystals exhibiting a bluish green color, and the cane-shaped gold nanocrystals have a complex three-dimensional structure, have 1 to 8 protrusions, and crystals including protrusions The size is 30-50 nm (with a protrusion length of about 15-25 nm, with a width of about 8 nm).
- the three-dimensional branched gold nanocrystals are obtained in high yield (92%) by reacting an aqueous solution of chloroauric acid with an organic acid (HEPES, HEPPSO, PIPES etc.) of a good buffer component at room temperature . (See Non-Patent Document 1)
- Non-Patent Document 1 the crystal size of the colloid of the branched gold nanocrystal exhibiting blue-green color obtained in Non-Patent Document 1 is 30 to 50 nm, even if it is used as an immunochromatographic diagnostic reagent, coloring is insufficient and visual judgment is difficult. Not a suitable size.
- the reason why the blue-green gold nanocrystal colloid is not suitable as a carrier for labeling of immunochromatographic diagnostic agent in particular is that the particle size of the nanocolloid is relatively small at about 30 to 50 nm, and further , So-called multipot type, branched type, or so-called haploform, often use a shape stabilizer, which makes it difficult to directly modify proteins onto gold nanoparticles It is because a problem occurs.
- the present invention provides blue gold nanoparticles, a colloidal solution of blue gold nanoparticles in which the gold nanoparticles are dispersed in a medium, and a high degree of vivid blue color visually, and the stability of quality, storage stability And providing distinguishable blue gold nanoparticles which are easily distinguishable from conventional reds, which are useful as labeling agents for immunological measurement, protein stains, and the like.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the problems relating to a test kit in which the measurement accuracy is enhanced by using the method and the measurement method thereof.
- the blue gold nanoparticles in Non-Patent Documents 1 to 4 referred to have the following two problems that are not suitable as carriers for immunochromatographic diagnostics. 1.
- the particle size is not suitable for immunological measurement.
- the particle size suitable for the immunochromatographic reagent is about 40 to 100 nm in average particle size. According to Non-Patent Document 1, the particle size is about 30 nm. 2.
- the three-dimensional cane-shaped gold nanoparticles in Non Patent Literatures 2 to 4 contain a shape stabilizer to control their shape. This shape stabilizer makes direct modification of proteins to gold nanoparticles difficult.
- the gold nanoparticles and latex particles have different particle sizes (generally used Latex particles are larger in particle size than gold nanoparticles), and when used in immunochromatography, it is difficult to select an immunochromatographic carrier having a porous pore size suitable for both particles. Therefore, it is necessary to use inexpensive gold colloid particles of two different colors which are easy to carry a target substance such as a protein as a labeling substance.
- the present inventors first increase the size of the particle to make the size suitable for immunological measurement, and can directly modify the protein to gold nanoparticles.
- Blue gold nanoparticles suitable as carriers for immunochromatographic diagnostic reagents by selecting such shape stabilizers, more specifically blue gold nanoparticles which can be used as multi-item detection reagents in multi-item detection by immuno chromatography Achieved the provision of
- the present invention provides blue gold nanoparticles suitable for immunological measurement, which are easy to modify proteins to gold nanoparticles, and are suitable for multi-item detection reagents. That is, the blue gold nanoparticle of the present invention is an organic acid having a piperazine ring as a good buffer component (eg, HEPES etc.), Au (gold), and an organic acid having reducibility (eg, ascorbic acid, citric acid etc.) It is blue, visually visible, and has a confeito-like shape.
- a piperazine ring as a good buffer component
- Au gold
- reducibility eg, ascorbic acid, citric acid etc.
- the blue gold nanoparticles of the present invention preferably have an average particle size of 20 to 200 nm, preferably 40 to 180 nm in view of color sharpness and sustained stability, and further sustained colloid stability, and have practicality such as test identification saliency From the point of view of the circumstances, it is usually characterized in that the most preferable range is 50 to 120 nm, and the most appropriate range is 60 to 100 nm, and blue gold is visually observed in a solution in which blue gold nanoparticles are dispersed as colloid. .
- the average particle diameter in the present invention is a value obtained by including the nucleus projections of the blue gold nanoparticles described later.
- the length of the nucleus protrusion is in the range of 5 to 50 nm, and the number of projections is 4 or more per one nucleus.
- the average particle size of the gold colloid particles is 20 to 200 nm, preferably 40 to 180 nm, usually most preferably 50 to 120 nm, and most preferably 60 to 100 nm.
- the average particle core size is in the range of 20 to 60 nm.
- the colloidal aqueous solution containing blue gold nanoparticles of the present invention is characterized by having a maximum absorption wavelength of UV-visible absorption spectrum in the range of 570 to 750 nm.
- the colloidal liquid of blue gold nanoparticles of the present invention refers to fine particles of nano size (nm), in particular, gold nanoparticles dispersed in various media such as water.
- the present invention is suitable for blue gold nanoparticles, colloidal solution of blue gold nanoparticles, its preparation method and immunological measurement, easy modification of proteins to blue gold nanoparticles, and optimum for multi-item detection reagents
- the present invention is able to provide a bellow sugar-like blue gold nanoparticle.
- the characteristics of the gold nanoparticles of the present invention are as follows.
- the first feature of the present invention resides in blue gold nanoparticles composed of gold nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of 20 to 200 nm.
- a second feature of the present invention resides in the blue gold nanoparticles according to (a), characterized in that the maximum absorption wavelength of the UV-visible absorption spectrum is in the range of 570 to 800 nm.
- a third feature of the present invention is characterized in that the particle form is a graft type, multi-pot type, or gold nanoparticle having a three-dimensional protrusion of a spinach sugar type (a) or (b)
- a fourth feature of the present invention resides in the blue gold nanoparticles according to any one of (a) to (c), which are formed by growing the outer periphery of a core made of gold nanoparticles.
- the fifth feature of the present invention is that the average particle core size is in the range of 20 to 60 nm and the average particle diameter is in the range of 50 to 120 nm, and the number of projections is 4 or more per one nucleus
- a sixth feature of the present invention is a blue gold nanoparticle according to (a), an organic acid having a piperazine ring as a good buffer component, and an organic acid having reducibility, and dispersed as a colloid liquid In a colloidal solution of blue gold nanoparticles characterized in that
- a seventh aspect of the present invention relates to a nucleation step of reacting a solution of an organic acid having a piperazine ring of a good buffer component and a first gold salt to form core gold nanoparticles, and then the core gold Blue gold nanoparticles characterized in that a solution of second gold salt and an organic acid having reducibility are simultaneously added and reacted in a solution of nanoparticles to carry out a reaction of growth step for growing core gold nanoparticles.
- the eighth feature of the present invention resides in the method for producing blue gold nanoparticles according to (g), characterized in that the reaction temperature of the growth step is carried out at 10 ° C.
- a ninth aspect of the present invention is the preparation of blue gold nanoparticles according to (g) or (h), wherein the concentration of the organic acid in the growth step is 0.075 to 0.15 mM. It's in the way.
- a tenth feature of the present invention is that the organic acid having a piperazine ring as a good buffer component is 2- [4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazinyl] ethanesulfonic acid, 4- (2-hydroxy) Ethyl) -1-piperazinepropanesulfonic acid, 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine-1- (2-hydroxypropane-3-sulfonic acid), piperazine-1,4-bis (2-ethanesulfonic acid), 3 -[4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazinyl] propanesulfonic acid and piperazine-1,4-bis (2-hydroxy-3-propanesulfonic acid), one or more selected from the group consisting of It is in the manufacturing method of the blue gold nanoparticle as described in (i) characterized by being.
- the eleventh feature of the present invention is that the reducing organic acid is selected from the group consisting of tartaric acid, tartrate, tannic acid, tannic acid, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid and citric acid salt. It is 1 type, or 2 or more types, It is in the manufacturing method of the blue gold nanoparticle as described in (g) characterized by the above-mentioned.
- the twelfth feature of the present invention is characterized in that it further includes an organic acid having a piperazine ring of a good buffer component together with the organic acid having reducibility in the growth step. It is in the method of producing particles.
- the features of the present invention as a labeling substance particularly for immunological measurement are as follows.
- a thirteenth feature of the present invention is a labeling substance for immunological measurement comprising the blue gold nanoparticles according to any one of (a) to (e).
- a fourteenth feature of the present invention lies in the labeling substance for immunoassay according to (m), characterized in that it is composed of at least two types of gold nanoparticles different in shape.
- the fifteenth feature of the present invention is described in (n) consisting of at least two types of spherical gold nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles having a graft type, multipot type, or three-dimensional protrusion of a spinach sugar type.
- the marker substance for immunological measurement of (P) is an immunological measurement method using the blue gold nanoparticle according to any one of (a) to (e) as a labeling substance. The problems of the present invention can be solved by adopting the configuration of the invention described above.
- the blue gold nanoparticles of the present invention have an average particle size of 20 to 200 nm, preferably 40 to 180 nm, usually most preferably 50 to 120 nm, and the most appropriate range is 60 to 100 nm. Particle size can be provided. Further, by using in combination with spherical red gold nanoparticles etc., it is possible to manufacture an immunochromatographic diagnostic agent having judgment lines of a plurality of colors, so visual judgment can easily and accurately be made in multi-item inspection. There is nothing to do. Furthermore, in the blue gold nanoparticles of the present invention, since modification of the protein is easy, there is no decrease in sensitivity, and accurate determination of results is possible, and the performance as an immunochromatographic diagnostic agent is excellent. . Furthermore, the blue gold nanoparticles of the present invention are cheaper in cost when converted to an immunochromatographic diagnostic reagent than particles obtained by other production methods.
- FIG. 6 is a transmission electron micrograph image showing the form and size outline of another example of the blue gold nanoparticle of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a transmission electron micrograph image of an exemplary blue gold nanoparticle of the present invention prior to growth.
- FIG. 7 is a transmission electron micrograph image after growth of an example blue gold nanoparticle of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a transmission electron micrograph image of another exemplary blue gold nanoparticle of the present invention before growth. It is 20 times (the length of the scale bar in the figure is 50 mm).
- FIG. 3B is a transmission electron micrograph image of the grown blue gold nanoparticles of FIG. 3A.
- the blue gold nanoparticles of the present invention ideally have a large average particle size at a time, but once the particles of a predetermined size have been formed, they are subjected to a growth process to obtain a large particle size. It is reasonable to obtain
- the blue gold nanoparticles of the present invention are composed of gold nanoparticles having an average particle size of 20 to 200 nm.
- the average particle diameter of the colloidal gold particles of the colloidal solution in which the gold nanoparticles of the present invention are dispersed in a medium is 20 to 200 nm, preferably 40 to 180 nm, usually most preferably 50 to 120 nm, Furthermore, the most appropriate range is in the range of 60 to 100 nm.
- the particle size distribution is sharp and uniform in the form of a uniform confeito from the viewpoint of practical circumstances such as the identification saliency of the test.
- the average particle size is usually determined by gravity light scattering method (colloidal particles are kept in the form of sol, rotated at 14000 to 550,000 ⁇ g and subjected to ultracentrifugation, and determined from their sedimentation speed). Although it can be used, in the present invention, 100 projected particles taken at random with a transmission electron microscope (TEM: JEM-2010, manufactured by Nippon Denshi Co., Ltd.) and 100 equivalent particles of the particles are measured the equivalent circle diameter of the particles The average particle size (average particle size) is calculated from the average value.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the X-axis for example, gold nanoparticle size
- the Y-axis for example, several fractions
- the particles substantially belong to the particle size in the range of usually 40 to 120 nm, preferably 50 to 110 nm, more preferably 60 to 100 nm, and the distribution curve is relatively narrow. It becomes clear. This means that many uniform particle sizes with similar particle sizes exist, and the behavior of the nanoparticles is stable, has a high confidence value, and has the property of suppressing the occurrence of an error range due to the mixture of foreign matter. It is predicted to have.
- the total weight of the gold nanoparticles which usually falls within the range of 20 to 200 nm, be present at 40% or more, preferably 60% or more, more preferably 80% by weight or more.
- the rest are composed of non-growing ones, true spherical ones, unreacted residual lacquer and the like.
- the gold nanoparticles of the present invention have a so-called "confeito" -like form having a nucleus and three-dimensional projections, and when the production method is changed, any one having an average particle diameter of 20 to 200 nm is obtained Be
- the average particle diameter in the present invention is a value obtained including the nucleus protrusion.
- the number of protrusions is about 1 to 20, preferably about 4 to 10, per core.
- the length of the protrusions is usually about 5 to 50 nm. Since the number, length, and the like of the projections are related to the growth of the nucleus, it is very difficult to determine a specific number or length in advance.
- the gold nanoparticles or gold nanocolloid particles having three-dimensional protrusions in their nuclei are collectively referred to as graft type, multipot type, or gold flat type gold nanoparticles, or gold nanocolloid particles in the present invention. See FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B in the form of so-called gold nanoparticles, gold nanocolloid particles such as nanocubes, nanorods, nanopots, stars, or grafts in which projections are three-dimensionally grown like canes in the core.
- graft-type gold nanoparticles which is configured to be Furthermore, since the form of the gold nanocolloid particles exhibiting a bright blue color of the present invention is similar to the shape and structure of the tetrapod used for a breakwater, one branch is a graft if the term is incorporated.
- the grown ones can take various forms such as monopots and dipots, tripots, tetrapots, and pentapots as the branches increase, but in the present invention, those having a relatively large number of projections of about 4 to 10 are recommended in the present invention Can be collectively called multipot.
- the multipot-type gold nanocolloid particles of the present invention, or the spinous-gold-type gold nanocolloid particles exhibit a color according to spread as compared with the spherical gold colloid particles exhibiting a conventional red color. This enables diversification of the color of gold nanocolloid liquid, such as blue.
- those belonging to the category of gold nanoparticles having typical three-dimensional protrusions of graft type, multipot type, or gold flat sugar type of the blue gold nanoparticles of the present invention are the golds of FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- the morphology of the nanoparticles is shown as an example.
- the central part of this gold nanoparticle is a so-called nucleus, on which a projection or branch is graft-grown, and the graft origin of the growth is close, so that the nucleus and the projection are united. It looks like no more multipot gold nanoparticles, or gold flat sugar nanoparticles. Details of the example of gold nanoparticles in FIGS.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B show examples of blue gold nanoparticles of about 50 nm, and the examples in FIGS. 1A and 1B specifically show average particle sizes ( DLS: 66.5 nm, and has characteristics of about 610 nm of maximum absorption wavelength.
- the measurement by TEM observation shows that the gold nanoparticles have an average outer diameter of 62.2 nm, an average core diameter of 35.7 nm, an average protrusion 13.2 nm, and a protrusion angle of about 50 degrees, AR (Aspect ratio) is 1 or more.
- AR Average aspect ratio
- the average outer diameter, the average core diameter, the average protrusion, the protrusion angle and the like of the gold nanoparticles of the present invention can be arbitrarily changed in consideration of products of predetermined color differences.
- the wavelengths were measured as follows, including the examples. That is, the wavelength was measured using an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum measuring apparatus (device name: UV-2550, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). The measurement was performed under the conditions of a quartz cell of 10 mm, a wavelength of 800 to 200 nm, and a bandwidth of 0.5 nm.
- UV-2550 ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum measuring apparatus
- the blue gold nanoparticles and blue gold nanocolloids of the present invention are effective for developing a multi-item diagnostic reagent, and when there are a plurality of judgment lines, the possibility of false diagnosis in visual judgment can be eliminated.
- a gold nanoparticle used as a labeling substance for immunological measurements in such a multi-item diagnostic reagent is a labeling substance for immunological measurements characterized by being composed of at least two kinds of gold nanoparticles having different shapes. is there. Specifically, one composed of at least two types of spherical red gold nanoparticles and blue gold nanoparticles having three-dimensional projections of graft type, multipot type, or spinach type is suitable.
- the gold nanoparticles of the present invention used as labeling substances for immunological measurements in multi-item diagnostic reagents are, for example, at least different in shape, such as gold nanoparticles having one spherical gold particle and the other gold nanoparticles having three-dimensional protrusions. It includes those in a form in which two or three types of gold nanoparticles are mixed (hereinafter, also referred to as “mixed gold nanoparticle labeling substance”). In this case, if the particle size distribution is taken according to the form, a distribution in which there are two vertices consisting of a particle size distribution curve formed by spherical gold nanoparticles and a particle size distribution curve formed by gold nanoparticles having three-dimensional protrusions.
- the size of spherical gold nanoparticles constituting this mixed-type gold nanoparticle labeling substance is a relatively large particle having an average particle diameter of 20 to 220 nm, preferably 30 to 200 nm, and more preferably 40 to 150 nm. is there.
- the average particle diameter of gold nanoparticles having three-dimensional protrusions may be about 20 to 200 nm, but the color sharpness, color stability over time, colloid stability, and labeling In order to improve the accuracy and reliability, it is preferably in the range of 40 to 180 nm, usually most preferably 50 to 120 nm, and most preferably in the range of 60 to 100 nm.
- the method for obtaining the mixed type gold nanoparticle labeling substance is simply preparing in advance a spherical gold nanoparticle labeling substance having a predetermined average particle diameter and a gold nanoparticle labeling substance having three-dimensional protrusions which have been prepared in advance at a predetermined ratio. The method of mixing is mentioned.
- the labeled substance for immunological measurement characterized in that the mixed type gold nanoparticle labeled substance of the present invention is composed of at least two kinds of gold nanoparticles different in shape is a substance to be detected and bound in an immunoassay system. Containing at least two types of gold nanoparticles used as a labeling substance for modifying a detection substance having the ability to form a labeling reagent for labeling by binding to a detection substance, 1) The average particle size of both of the two types of gold nanoparticles is 20 to 220 nm, 2) An embodiment of the gold nanoparticle is characterized in that one of the two types of gold nanoparticles is spherical and the other has four or more three-dimensional protrusions. Such mixed-type gold nanoparticle labeling substances can distinguish various antigens at once, in different colors such as red and blue, and therefore reduce the burden of examination at medical sites and simplify them. Because it can, its usefulness can be significantly improved.
- the colloidal gold particles of the present invention are visually blue.
- a blue color visually means that a gold colloid solution in which gold colloid particles are dispersed in a solvent such as water has a color similar to blue, such as blue green or blue violet, visually.
- the colorimetric values in the Munsell color system are hues 3P to 1P, 10PB to 1PB, 10B to 1B, 10BG to 1BG, 10G to 8G.
- the hues 10 PB to 1 PB, 10 B to 1 B, and 10 BG to 1 BG are preferable in consideration of discrimination with red.
- a colloidal solution is filled in a quartz cell (optical path length of about 10 mm) used for spectrophotometric measurement and the like, and the color tone is visually confirmed with white back (self-made paper etc.) Can be evaluated.
- the method for producing gold nanoparticles comprises the steps of: nucleation step of reducing a first gold salt with a first reducing agent in an aqueous solution to form a ungulate-shaped core gold nanoparticle, and then, the core gold nanoparticle.
- a mixture of a second reducing agent and a first reducing agent that is, a good buffer component with an organic acid having a piperazine ring It is characterized by using
- the amount of the first reducing agent used in combination with the second reducing agent can be used in the same amount according to the specification of the concentration of the second reducing agent used in the growth stage. That is, the concentration of the first reducing agent used can be achieved in the range of 0.01 to 100 mM in the aqueous solution in which the gold gold nanoparticles are grown in the growth stage.
- the chemical species of the behavior of the blue gold nanoparticles corresponds to the nuclear particles before growth reaction with particles 1, "particle 1" 0.43mM AuC1 4, 39.0mM HEPES
- the solution corresponding to the grown particles after the growth reaction is referred to as particle 2, and the behavior is prepared by preparing a specification solution of "particle 2" 0.05 mM AuC14, 0.82 mM HEPES, 0.10 mM ascorbic acid.
- particle size of the present invention is increased without changing the peak wavelength will be described with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B.
- the present inventors have achieved that the particle size can be grown to the state of “particle 2” in FIG. 2B without changing the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum peak wavelength.
- the peak wavelengths in FIGS. 2A and 2B refer to the range of about 570-630 nm.
- gold salt used in the nucleation step of the present invention chloroauric acid, gold tribromide, gold trifluoride, gold triiodide, gold tricyanide, gold monochloride, monomerization gold, Gold fluoride, gold monocyanide, hydroxy gold oxide, tris gold nitrate, gold nitrate and the like, salts thereof, hydrates thereof, and aqua regia of gold can be used. Even if it is a thing except having mentioned above, it will not be specifically limited if it produces
- an organic acid having a piperazine ring of a good buffer component can be used as the first reducing agent used in the nucleation step of the present invention.
- a good buffer component For example, 2- [4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazinyl] ethanesulfonic acid (hereinafter abbreviated as "HEPES”), 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazinepropanesulfonic acid (below, “HEPPS”), 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine-1- (2-hydroxypropane-3-sulfonic acid) (hereinafter "HEPPSO”), piperazine-1,4-bis ( 2-ethanesulfonic acid (hereinafter abbreviated as “PIPES”), 3- [4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazinyl] propanesulfonic acid (hereinafter abbreviated as “EPPS”), piperazine-1,
- Examples include 4-bis (2-hydroxy-3-prop
- the gold salts listed as the first gold salt used in the nucleation stage can be used, and they may be the same or different.
- chloroauric acid can be used as the first and second gold salts.
- an organic acid having reducibility such as ascorbic acid and its derivative, or citric acid and its derivative, D (L) -malic acid, D (L)-
- ⁇ -hydroxycarponic acid such as tartaric acid, tertronic acid or munic acid, lactic acid, tannic acid, reducing sugar or the like
- ascorbic acid and its derivatives, or citric acid and its derivatives Preferably, it is ascorbic acid and its derivatives. Even mixtures of these can be used.
- ascorbic acid and its derivative ascorbic acid (salt), its isomer, an analogue, its derivative, etc. can be used if it has reducibility.
- L (or D) -ascorbic acid (salt) and isoascorbic acid are preferably used. Even a mixture of these can be used appropriately.
- citric acid and derivatives thereof citric acid (salt), isomers thereof, analogues and derivatives thereof and the like, which have reducibility
- alkali metal salts such as citric acid, isocituric acid, citric acid anhydride, isocitnic acid anhydride, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, ammonium salts such as ammonium citrate, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium citrate
- alkyl citric acid esters such as methyl citric acid and ethyl citric acid.
- citric acid and sodium citrate are preferably used. Even a mixture of these can be used appropriately.
- the reaction is carried out at a reaction temperature of 0 to 40 ° C., preferably 10 to 30 ° C. (room temperature), more preferably 15 to 25 ° C., for 30 minutes to 5 hours.
- a reaction temperature 0 to 40 ° C., preferably 10 to 30 ° C. (room temperature), more preferably 15 to 25 ° C., for 30 minutes to 5 hours.
- the concentration of the first reducing agent used in the nucleation step can be 1 to 150 mM, preferably 30 to 100 mM, in the aqueous solution in which the nuclear gold nanoparticles are formed in the nucleation step.
- the concentration of the first gold salt used in the nucleation step is 0.1 to 100 mM, preferably 1 to 50 mM, more preferably 5 to 25 mM in the aqueous solution in which the core gold nanoparticles are formed in the nucleation step it can.
- mM means mmol / L.
- the gold concentration of the gold colloid solution obtained by reacting the first reducing agent in the above concentration range with the first gold salt in the above concentration range in the nucleation step is in the range of 0.1 to 100 mM in the end. Let it react.
- the reaction temperature in the growth stage of the present invention is 0 to 40 ° C., preferably 10 to 30 ° C. (room temperature), more preferably 15 to 25 ° C., and the reaction is carried out for 1 to 10 hours.
- room temperature preferably 10 to 30 ° C.
- the temperature exceeds 40 ° C., it tends to be shifted to spherical particles, and the yield is lowered, and the maximum absorption wavelength of the UV-visible absorption spectrum is less than 570 nm, and the wavelength shifts to the short wavelength side. Even if it is less than 0 ° C., there is nothing that leads to an effect and it is wasted.
- the concentration of the second reducing agent, such as ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof used in the growth step of the present invention is 0.01 to 100 mM, preferably 1 to 50 mM, in the aqueous solution in which the gold gold nanoparticles are grown in the growth step. More preferably, 5 to 25 mM can be used.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of measurement of changes in the maximum absorption wavelength of the UV-visible absorption spectrum of the obtained gold colloid particle suspension by changing the amount of ascorbic acid used in the growth step described in Example 4.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 5 is the weight concentration of ascorbic acid aqueous solution added at the growth stage. If we examine the optimal amount of ascorbic acid and its derivatives at the growth stage, as shown in FIG.
- the concentration of the aqueous ascorbic acid solution to be added is 0.02 to 0.07 (mass The concentration of ascorbic acid in the whole aqueous solution for growing gold gold nanoparticles in the growth stage is optimally 0.075 to 0.15 mM, although it can be used for a wide range of It is understood that this range is a technically critical value based on the findings of the present inventors.
- the concentration of the second gold salt used in the growth step of the present invention can be 0.1 to 100 mM, preferably 0.2 mM to 20 mM, in the aqueous solution in which the nuclear gold nanoparticles are grown in the growth step.
- the molar concentration of the second reducing agent used in the growth step of the present invention may be in the range of 5-500 times, more preferably 25-250 times, relative to the molar concentration of the core gold nanoparticles added. .
- the molar concentration of the second gold salt used in the growth step of the present invention is in the range of 0.1 to 10 times, more preferably 0.5 to 5 times the molar concentration of the core gold nanoparticles added. It is.
- the second gold salt and the second reducing agent are each 0.1 to 3.0 ml / min, preferably 0.3 to 1.5 ml / min, in particular in the gold colloid solution synthesized in the nucleation step. Preferably, it is simultaneously added dropwise at a rate of 0.5 to 1.0 mL / min.
- the immunological measurement method in the present invention is a measurement method based on an immunologically specific binding reaction derived from the affinity of a biological molecule, and, for example, an immunostaining method, an agglutination method, an ELISA method, an immunochromatography method, etc. It has been known.
- binding based on affinity is typically a binding between an antigen and an antibody, which is widely used in immunoassays, but in addition to such binding, in the present invention, Binding to lectins, binding of hormones to receptors, binding of enzymes to inhibitors, binding of nucleic acids complementary to nucleic acids, binding of proteins capable of binding nucleic acids to nucleic acids, etc. can also be used.
- Immunoreactivity As a form of immunological reaction, for example, a sandwich method in which a complex is formed in a sandwich format such as “solid phase antibody / one antigen / one labeled antibody (labeling reagent)” to capture and detect an antigen, or a solid phase
- a competition method or the like based on the principle that competitive antigen and free antigen in a sample react competitively with a fixed amount of labeled antibody (labeled reagent) added to the reaction system is used.
- an assay method using a sandwich reaction between an antigen and an antibody and the most convenient method is an immunochromatography method using chromatography.
- the immunochromatography method is widely used because the operation is simple, the detection time is short, and visual determination is possible.
- FIG. 6 are the results of measuring the color development intensity with an immunochromator in the same test as immunochromatographic detection of influenza B virus described in Example 8.
- Particle 1 is a system using the blue gold colloidal particle suspension formed only from the nucleation step of Example 1 as a labeling substance
- Particle 2 is a nucleation step and a growth step of Example 1 It is a system using a suspension of blue gold colloid particles formed as a labeling substance.
- the antigen was used by diluting an aqueous solution containing the antigen at 60 ⁇ g / ml, 1400-fold in “Particle 1” and 2400-fold in “Particle 2”. If “particle 1” (the antigen dilution magnification 1400 times) is compared with “particle 2” (the antigen dilution magnification 2400 times), it can be seen that the particle 2 is clear in color. This reason is expected to be due to the large surface area of the particles 2.
- the detection sensitivity is excellent and visual observation by the immunochromatographic reagent It has the effect of significantly improving the accuracy of the determination.
- a sample (specimen) containing a detection target for example, mainly a biological sample, that is, blood, serum, blood festival, urine, saliva, spinal fluid, sweat, tears, amniotic fluid, nipple
- secretions nasal discharge, illness, nasal or pharyngeal swabs, exudates from the skin, extracts from tissues and cells and feces etc.
- the detection target of the present invention may be any substance which specifically binds thereto, for example, an antigen-antibody reaction or a nucleic acid complementary to the nucleic acid, such as a nucleic acid which specifically binds, can be produced or can be produced. It is not particularly limited. Even if the object to be detected is an antigen which itself is antigenic, such as a complete antigen, or even if it is not antigenic itself such as a hapten (incomplete antigen), it is antigenically modified by making it a chemical modification. It may be something to have. Any substance can be used as long as it can exist or can be produced as a substance that specifically binds to the detection target, and it can be a monoclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody.
- Examples of the detection object of the present invention include peptide hormones (growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), melamine cell stimulating hormone (MSH), prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) ), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), pituitary hormone, calcium regulatory hormone, pancreatic hormone, gut hormone, vasoactive hormone, placental hormone such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) , Prostate specific antigen (PSA), alkaline phosphatase, transaminase, trypsin, pepsinogen, ⁇ -fetoprotein (AFP), cancer specific substance such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), serum protein component such as immunoglobulin G (IgG), Factor, cello Bacteria such as follicular hormones such as nin, urokinase, ferritin, substan P, estrone,
- the preferred specimens of the present invention are nasal fluid, nasal swabs, pharyngeal swabs or blood vessels.
- An antigen (virus: mainly influenza virus, adenovirus, RS virus) collected from a patient with respiratory disease is accurately detected as a detection substance by previously diluting these samples using a developing solution.
- An antigen (virus: mainly influenza virus, adenovirus, RS virus) collected from a patient with respiratory disease is accurately detected as a detection substance by previously diluting these samples using a developing solution.
- An antigen virus: mainly influenza virus, adenovirus, RS virus
- a developing solution for immunochromatography water is usually used as a solvent, and a buffer, a salt, a blocking agent and a nonionic surfactant are added thereto.
- the order of addition is not particularly specified, and may be simultaneously added.
- a sample (analyte sample) to be detected and a developing solution mixed beforehand may be supplied and dropped onto a sample pad (sample addition portion) to be developed, depending on the sample. After the sample is supplied and dropped onto the sample pad (sample addition portion), the developing solution may be supplied and dropped onto the sample pad (sample addition portion) to be developed.
- the buffer used in the developing solution for immunochromatography according to the present invention has an action (buffering action) which does not cause a fatal effect even by the addition of a sample, the change in concentration due to evaporation or dilution of the sample, and the contamination of some foreign substances There is no particular limitation as long as it has a).
- acetate buffer (acetate + sodium acetate), phosphate buffer (phosphate + sodium phosphate), citrate buffer (sodium citrate citrate), borate buffer, Tris-HCl buffer (Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane + HCl), TE buffer (Tris + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), TAE buffer (Tris + acetic acid + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), TBE buffer (Tris + boric acid + ethylenediamine) Good buffers such as tetraacetic acid) or HEPES buffer (2- [4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazinyl] ethanesulfonic acid) and the like can be mentioned.
- the salt used in the developing solution for immunochromatography of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a salt obtained by the reaction of an acid and a base.
- a salt obtained by the reaction of an acid and a base for example, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and the like can be mentioned.
- it is sodium chloride.
- nonionic surfactants used in the developing solution for immunochromatography of the present invention polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester (trade name “Tween” series, Sigma -Aldrich, polyoxyethylene p-t-octylphenyl ether (trade name “Triton” series, Sigma-Aldrich), polyoxyethylene p-t-nonylphenyl ether (trade name “Triton N” series, sigma-Aldrich ), Alkyl polyglucosides, fatty acid diethanolamides, alkyl monoglyceryl ethers and the like.
- the nonionic surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the developing solution for immunochromatography includes additives known to suppress side reactions based on biological affinity or to suppress nonspecific reactions, for example, promotion or nonspecificity of antigen-antibody reaction Proteins (eg, bovine serum albumin, gelatin, casein etc.), high molecular compounds (eg, polyethylene glycol, methyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, dextran etc.), blocking agents for suppressing the reaction, ionic surfactants or It is also possible and effective to use one or two or more of polyanions (for example, dextran sulfate, heparin, polystyrene sulfonic acid, chondroitin sulfate etc.), or an antibacterial agent, etc., and it does not interfere at all .
- antigen-antibody reaction Proteins eg, bovine serum albumin, gelatin, casein etc.
- high molecular compounds eg, polyethylene glycol, methyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidon
- one or more of a protein, a polymer compound, an ionic surfactant or polyanion, an antibacterial agent, etc. for promoting or suppressing nonspecific reactions of these antigen-antibody reactions are used as a stationary phase. It is also possible and effective to keep it on the moving path of the mobile phase on the constituting chromatography medium, and it does not interfere at all.
- the structure of an immunochromatographic device for detecting a substance to be detected in a sample is known.
- the sample addition site (1), the labeled substance holding site (2), the chromatography medium (3), the detection site (4) (also referred to as “determination unit"), the absorption site (5) and the backing sheet (6) It consists of A sample sample obtained by diluting the sample in advance with a developing solution is dropped into the sample pad of the conventional immunochromatography device, and the sample is developed on the immunochromatography medium in the direction of the absorption site, and the antigen antibody By the reaction, an inspection such as identification / quantification of a substance to be detected in a sample can be performed.
- the immunochromatographic device is described below.
- the sample addition site (1) is made of a porous sheet such as glass filter having a property that the sample is absorbed quickly but its holding power is weak and the sample moves quickly to the reaction part. It is done.
- the labeled substance holding site (2) holds a labeled reagent in which the reagent component is labeled by the labeling component.
- the labeling component include metal colloid particles, latex particles, enzymes, fluorescent compounds and the like, among which metal colloid particles are optimal. Colloidal particles of blue gold nanoparticles of the present invention are used as this labeling component.
- the reagent component is a particle or molecule capable of recognizing an analyte, preferably a monoclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody or a fragment thereof (second reagent).
- the chromatography medium (3) is one in which a detection site (4) is prepared on a membrane carrier.
- the membrane carrier is not particularly limited as long as it can absorb and move the sample specimen by capillary action.
- it is selected from the group consisting of an artificial polymer consisting of nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, nylon, polyether sulfone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, glass fiber, polyolefin, cellulose, and mixed fibers thereof.
- a monoclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody or a fragment thereof is supported and immobilized on a nitrocellulose sheet.
- the absorption site (5) a material having the ability to rapidly absorb excess sample, glass filter paper, etc. are used.
- the backing sheet (6) is a substrate. By applying an adhesive on one side or attaching an adhesive tape, one side has adhesiveness, and the sample addition site (1), the labeled substance holding site (2), the chromatography medium (3) on the adhesive surface ), The detection site (4), and part or all of the absorption site (5) are provided in close contact with each other.
- the packing sheet (6) is not particularly limited as a substrate, as long as it becomes impermeable and impermeable to the sample liquid by the adhesive.
- One or both of the reagent component (first reagent) used for the detection site (4) and the reagent component (second reagent) used for the labeling reagent may be a monoclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody.
- the reagent component (second reagent) used for the labeling reagent is preferably a monoclonal antibody having high specificity in terms of measurement sensitivity and the like.
- the reagent component (first reagent) used for the detection site (4) may be a monoclonal antibody or a polyclonal antibody.
- Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies or fragments thereof are known and available and can be prepared by known methods.
- Antibody-producing animal species include humans, mice, rats, rabbits, goats and the like.
- the immunoglobulin may be any of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE and IgD.
- a monoclonal antibody is produced by hybridizing a spleen cell of a mouse immunized with an antigen (for example, influenza A virus) and a bone spheroma cell according to a conventional method, selecting a hybridoma that produces an antibody of interest, and producing a hybridoma. To obtain the coming monoclonal antibody.
- the polyclonal antibody can be a target antibody from an antiserum obtained by immunizing an animal (eg, human, mouse, rat, rabbit, goat, horse, etc.) producing an antigen (eg, influenza A virus) by a conventional method. It is obtained by separation.
- an animal eg, human, mouse, rat, rabbit, goat, horse, etc.
- an antigen eg, influenza A virus
- a mouse-derived anti-influenza A monoclonal antibody is used as the reagent component (second reagent) used for the labeling reagent, and a mouse is used as the reagent component (first reagent) used for the detection site (4)
- a derived anti-influenza A monoclonal antibody is used as the reagent component (second reagent) used for the labeling reagent
- a mouse is used as the reagent component (first reagent) used for the detection site (4)
- a mouse-derived anti-influenza A polyclonal antibody can also be used.
- a predetermined amount (usually 0.1 to 2 ml) of the sample (droplet treated with the developing solution) is dropped on the sample pad (1).
- the sample sample is rapidly absorbed by the sample pad (1), but immediately starts moving with the sample.
- the immunochromatographic reagent composition is impregnated in the sample pad (1), the impregnated immunochromatographic reagent composition dissolves in the moisture of the sample sample and starts to move with the sample sample.
- the sample is first moved to the labeled substance holding site (2). When the sample passes through this, the labeling reagent (second reagent) held at the labeled substance holding site (2) dissolves in the moisture of the sample and moves with the sample.
- the labeled reagent dissolved in the water of the sample sample then passes through the detection site (4) on the chromatography medium (3).
- the nonspecific binding reaction is suppressed by the reagent composition for immunochromatography dissolved in the sample sample, and the detection target substance (eg, antigen) is contained in the sample sample by the specific binding reaction of the antigen and the antibody.
- the detection site (4) is colored by a specific reaction binding so as to be sandwiched between the labeling reagent and the antibody carried and immobilized on the detection site (4).
- the labeled reagent dissolved in the water of the sample specifically binds even though it passes through the detection site (4) on the chromatography medium (3) As the reaction does not occur, the detection site (4) is not colored. 4. Finally, the moisture of the sample migrates to the absorption site (5). Thus, the presence or absence of the substance to be detected (for example, an antigen) in the sample sample can be accurately determined.
- the projected area circle equivalent diameter of 100 particles is measured by using a transmission electron microscope (TEM: manufactured by JEOL Ltd., JEM-2010) and 100 particles randomly using the projected photograph taken and its average value
- the average particle size (average particle size) can also be calculated from
- the average core diameter is calculated from the average value of 100 particles in an area of the equivalent particle diameter of the particles randomly using a TEM projection photograph
- the average projection length is the average particle diameter. It is calculated by dividing the difference between the diameter and the average core diameter by 2.
- Example 1 in this example, chloroauric acid, which is the first gold salt, is reduced with HEPES, which is the first reducing agent, to form a ungulate-shaped nuclear colloid. Then, in the growth stage, a second gold salt, chloroauric acid, and a second reducing agent, L-ascorbic acid, were simultaneously added dropwise to form a larger sized gold-shaped gold colloid.
- HEPES which is the first reducing agent
- the obtained gold nanoparticles have an average particle size (DLS) of about 66.5 nm, an average core diameter of about 35.7 nm as measured by TEM observation, an average protrusion of 13.2 nm, and an average number of protrusions of 4 or more , A protrusion angle of about 50 degrees, and AR of one or more were generated.
- the solution of the obtained gold colloid was blue (Munsell colorimetric system colorimetric value by visual observation: hue 5B vicinity), and the maximum absorption wavelength was 610 nm.
- Example 2 In this example, the purpose was to synthesize a spinous gold colloid with longer projections. 5 ml of 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / L of nucleus colloid formed in the nucleation step of Example 1 was placed in a 500 ml flask and stirred in a thermostat until the liquid temperature reached 20 ° C.
- the obtained gold nanoparticles have an average particle diameter (DLS) of about 98 nm including protrusions, and it is estimated that more gold-shaped gold colloids with longer protrusions are generated as measured by TEM observation .
- the average core diameter is about 65.7 nm
- the average length of grown projections (grafts) is about 16.7 nm
- the average number of projections is 4 or more
- the projection angle is about 50 degrees
- AR is 1 or more.
- the solution of the obtained gold colloid was bluish green (Munsell colorimetry by visual observation: hue 8BG vicinity), and the maximum absorption wavelength was 641 nm.
- Example 3 A gold colloid was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the liquid temperature in the growth stage was set to 10 ° C. in Example 1.
- the maximum absorption wavelength of the obtained gold colloid solution is shown in Table 1. 5 ml of 4.3 ⁇ 10 -4 mol / L nucleus colloid formed in the nucleation step of Example 1 is placed in a 500 ml flask and stirred in a thermostat until the growth temperature which is the liquid temperature reaches 10 ° C. did.
- the obtained gold nanoparticles have an average particle diameter (DLS) of about 67 nm including protrusions, and an average core diameter of 51.0 nm as measured by TEM observation, and the average length of the grown protrusions (grafts) is About 8.0 nm, the average number of protrusions was 4 or more, the protrusion angle was about 50 degrees, and AR was 1 or more.
- the solution of the obtained gold colloid was blue (Munsell coloration yarn colorimetric value visually observed: hue 5PB vicinity), and the maximum absorption wavelength was 587 nm.
- Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 1 except that the liquid temperature in the growth stage was set to 30 ° C., three-dimensional projections of approximately the same as that of spinach type, graph type or multipot type (number of projections: 2 to 4) were prepared.
- the obtained gold nanoparticles have an average particle diameter (DLS) of about 60.5 nm including protrusions, and are measured by TEM observation.
- the average length of the grown protrusions (grafts) is about 7.5 nm, and the average number of protrusions is 4 As described above, one having a protrusion angle of about 50 degrees and one or more of AR was generated.
- the maximum absorption wavelength of the obtained gold colloid solution was 586.5 nm. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 A gold colloid was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the liquid temperature in the growth stage was set to 40 ° C. in Example 1.
- the maximum absorption wavelength of the obtained gold colloid solution is shown in Table 1.
- the temperature at the growth stage was 40 ° C.
- the average particle diameter (DLS) including protrusions was about 53 nm
- the average core diameter was 45 nm as measured by TEM observation
- the average length of the grown protrusions (grafts) A length of about 4 nm, an average number of protrusions of 4 or more, and a protrusion angle of about 10 degrees were produced.
- Gold colloid particles in which three-dimensional projections of a multipot type (projection number 2 to 4) are slightly rounded were produced.
- the rest can be estimated to be true spherical ones, unreacted ones, etc.
- the solution of the obtained gold colloid was reddish (Munsell colorimetric value by visual observation: hue 10 RP vicinity), and the maximum absorption wavelength was 530 nm.
- Comparative Example 2 A gold colloid was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of ascorbic acid in the growth stage was changed to 2.1 ⁇ 10 -2 grams (1.2 ⁇ 10 -4 mol). The maximum absorption wavelength of the obtained gold colloid solution is shown in Table 1. 5 ml of 4.3 ⁇ 10 -4 mol / L of nuclear colloid formed in the nucleation step of Example 1 is placed in a 500 ml flask and stirred in a thermostat until the growth temperature, which is the liquid temperature, reaches 30 ° C. did.
- Example 3 A gold colloid was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of ascorbic acid in the growth stage was changed to 8.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 grams (4.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol) in Example 1.
- the maximum absorption wavelength of the obtained gold colloid solution is shown in Table 1.
- the growth stage temperature was 30 ° C., and the average particle diameter was 60.2 nm and the average particle diameter was 70.2 nm.
- the obtained gold colloid solution was orangeish at a maximum absorption wavelength of 550.0 nm.
- Example 5 Gold colloid particles having an average particle size of about 72 nm were prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that HEPES in Example 2 was replaced with HEPPSO. The resulting solution of gold colloid had a blue color (measured by Munsell color measurement by visual observation: around hue 1 B) and the maximum absorption wavelength was 632 nm.
- Example 6 Gold colloid particles having an average particle size of about 81 nm were produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that HEPES in Example 2 was replaced by PIPES. The resulting solution of gold colloid had a blue color (a Munsell colorimetric value by visual observation: hue 3B vicinity) and the maximum absorption wavelength was 626 nm.
- Example 7 In Example 2, 4.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 grams (2.4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol) of L-ascorbic acid Na was used in place of ascorbic acid used in the growth stage, and the amount of HEPES was 0.22 g (8. A gold colloid solution was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 0 ⁇ 10 -3 mol) was used.
- the average particle diameter (DLS) including the protrusions of the obtained gold colloid particles is about 82 nm, and the average core diameter is about 48 nm, and the average length of the grown protrusions (grafts) is about 20 nm, the number average of protrusions Four or more, a projection angle of about 50 degrees, and one or more of AR were generated.
- the obtained gold colloid solution can have a slightly higher wavelength, for example, amber (visually, Munsell color system colorimetric value by visual observation: hue 5PB vicinity), maximum absorption wavelength is 752 nm. Table 1 summarizes the measurement results of the above Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- LAANa in the figure represents L-ascorbic acid.
- a gold colloid solution was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that ascorbic acid was used instead of ascorbic acid in the growth stage in Example 1.
- the average particle diameter (DLS) including protrusions of the obtained gold colloid particles and the average core diameter are comparable, and the average length of the grown protrusions (grafts), the average number of protrusions, and the protrusion angle are equivalent, One or more ARs were generated.
- the obtained gold colloid solution was obtained to the same extent as that of each example.
- organic acids other than organic acids having reducibility such as ascorbic acid and its derivatives, or citric acid and its derivatives, can be used. It is considered to be.
- influenza virus A (Table 2: Antigen A) and influenza virus B (Table 2: Antigen B) in a sample was measured by the following method using the chromatography medium prepared above. That is, a development consisting of Tris buffer solution (pH 8.0) containing 0.5% Tween 20, 0.6% polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K-90 (molecular weight 360,000), 1.0% bovine serum albumin and 150 mM sodium chloride The solution is used as a negative sample, and here the influenza virus A and / or influenza virus B, each with an inactivated protein concentration of 25 ng / mL, is added as a positive sample, and 150 ⁇ L each is placed on the sample pad of the chromatography medium.
- Tris buffer solution pH 8.0
- PVP polyvinyl pyrrolidone
- bovine serum albumin 1.0% bovine serum albumin
- 150 ⁇ L each is placed on the sample pad of the chromatography medium.
- the spinous gold colloid particles of the present invention in combination with conventionally used metal colloid particles, for example, spherical gold colloid particles, as a labeling agent for immunological measurement, particularly immunochromatographic measurement,
- conventionally used metal colloid particles for example, spherical gold colloid particles
- the different substances to be detected contained in the sample could be detected separately and with high sensitivity, without misunderstanding, as the separate color signals of the test lines (lines 1 and 2) at the reaction site.
- the gold colloid particles of the present invention are blue and have no toxicity because they do not contain protective colloid-forming agents or ammonium salts, etc., and because gold is good for health, they are pigments, cosmetics, labeling agents for immunological measurements, It can be used as a cytochemical marker or protein stain.
- an immunochromatographic test having two or more coloring lines as a labeling agent for immunological measurement, 1) 4 to 20 protrusions are formed on the spherical core of the gold colloid particle 2)
- An object to be detected by visual observation of the blue color characterized in that the average particle diameter of the gold colloid particle is 20 to 200 nm Gold colloid particles can be used to label and identify.
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Abstract
Description
不溶性担体で抗体を標識したイムノクロマトグラフィー法検査薬は、操作が簡便であり、検査も短時間で終わることから汎用的に使われているが、一般的にEIAと比較して感度が低く、陽性の場合に観察されるラインが明瞭でない等の問題点があった。
かかる問題点を解決するために、従来から実用化されている金コロイド粒子よりも一層高感度で、免疫学的測定用の標識剤、タンパク質染色剤として好適な種々の金属コロイドの開発が行なわれている。
特許文献4では、第一の金塩溶液に第一の還元剤(クエン酸塩)を添加して、核コロイド粒子(平均粒子径:12~17nm)を形成する核形成段階、前記核コロイド粒子の溶液に、第二の金塩と第二の還元剤(アスコルビン酸塩)を同時に添加して核コロイドを成長させる成長段階とを含み、前記成長段階は1回以上行なっている。金コロイド粒子の平均粒子径は、1回目の成長段階で17~55nm未満、2回目の成長段階で55~110nm未満、3回目の成長段階で110~220nmとしており、その粒径の標準偏差は10%以内となっている。(特許文献4参照)
その特許文献7および8には、青色を呈する金ナノ粒子は、金ナノシェル、ナノロッド、ナノチューブまたはナノプリズム粒子の構造・形状であること、また、金ナノ粒子は、(1)黄色を呈する銀ナノ粒子液(ポリビニルピロリドンおよびエチレングリコールといった保護剤を含有)に、還元剤を添加した後、約100℃で還流させる段階、(2)前記還流された反応液に金塩溶液を注入反応させる段階、(3)前記反応物を常温まで冷却した後、0.2μmのマイクロフィルターを使用してろ過する段階、によって製造しており、得られた金ナノ粒子は、表層のみが金で構成される形態(金ナノシェル)である。金ナノロッド、金ナノチューブまたは金ナノプリズムは、金ナノ粒子の生成時にヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウムブロマイド(臭化物)(C16TAB)のような界面活性剤を用いて得られることの記載がある。粒子の大きさについては、明確な記載が無く、その用途としては化粧料用顔料の記載があるが、免疫学的測定法における標識剤やタンパク質染色剤としての使用については記載が無い。(特許文献7、8参照)
しかしながら、界面活性剤として用いたC16TABが、得られた金ナノロッド中に含有されているので、検出抗体等の蛋白質の直接担持(修飾)には不向きであり界面活性剤の除去・置換などの煩雑な操作が必要なことから、免疫学的測定法における検査薬に用いる蛋白質などの標識物質としては好ましいとは言えない。また、C16TABは毒性を有しており、取り扱いの観点からも好ましいとは言えない。
以上の先行技術に見るとおり、青緑色の金ナノ結晶のコロイドが、特にイムノクロマト診断薬の標識用担体に適さない理由は、そのナノコロイドの粒子サイズが、約30~50nmと比較的小さく、さらに、いわゆるマルチポット型、枝状型、或いは金平糖状と称されるものは、形状安定剤を使用する場合が多く、この形状安定剤により、タンパク質の金ナノ粒子への直接の修飾が困難となる問題が発生する為である。
参考にした非特許文献1~4における青色金ナノ粒子は、イムノクロマト診断薬用の担体に適さない以下の2つの問題点が存在する。
1.免疫学的測定に適した粒子サイズではない。イムノクロマト試薬に適する粒子サイズは、平均粒子径40~100nm程度である。非特許文献1によると、粒子サイズは30nm程度である。
2.形状安定剤を含んでいる。非特許文献2~4における三次元杖状金ナノ粒子は、その形状を制御するために形状安定剤を含んでいる。 この形状安定剤により、タンパク質の金ナノ粒子への直接の修飾が困難となる。
すなわち、本発明の青色金ナノ粒子は、グッドバッファー成分のピペラジン環を有する有機酸(例えば、HEPES等)、Au(金)、および還元性を有する有機酸(例えば、アスコルビン酸、クエン酸等)からなり、目視で青色を呈し、金平糖(confeito)状の形状をしている。
本発明の青色金ナノ粒子は、平均粒子径が20~200nm、色彩の鮮明性や持続安定性さらにコロイドの持続安定性から考えると好ましくは40~180nm、検査の識別顕著性などの実用的な諸事情の見地からは通常最も好ましくは50~120nm、さらに最も適正な範囲は60~100nmであって、青色金ナノ粒子がコロイドとして分散された液において、目視で青色を呈することを特徴とする。
本発明における平均粒子径とは、青色金ナノ粒子の後述する核突起部を含めて求められた値である。本発明の青色金ナノ粒子において、好ましくは、核突起部の長さは5~50nmの範囲であり、突起数が核1個に対し、4以上である。
(a)本発明の第1の特徴は、平均粒子径が20~200nmの金ナノ粒子から構成されてなる青色金ナノ粒子にある。
(b)本発明の第2の特徴は、紫外可視吸収スペクトルの極大吸収波長が570~800nmの範囲であることを特徴とする(a)に記載の青色金ナノ粒子にある。
(c)本発明の第3の特徴は、粒子の形態がグラフト型、マルチポット型、または金平糖型の三次元突起部を有する金ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする(a)または(b)に記載の青色金ナノ粒子にある。
(d)本発明の第4の特徴は、金ナノ粒子からなる核の外周を成長させることにより形成されてなる(a)~(c)のいずれかに記載の青色金ナノ粒子にある。
(e)本発明の第5の特徴は平均粒子核サイズが20~60nm、平均粒子径が50~120nmの範囲に含まれ、突起部の数が核1個につき4個以上存在し、この突起部の長さは5~50nmであることを特徴とする(a)~(d)のいずれかに記載の青色金ナノ粒子にある。
(f)本発明の第6の特徴は、(a)に記載の青色金ナノ粒子、グッドバッファー成分のピペラジン環を有する有機酸、および還元性を有する有機酸からなり、コロイド液として分散されてなることを特徴とする青色金ナノ粒子のコロイド液にある。
(g)本発明の第7の特徴は、グッドバッファー成分のピペラジン環を有する有機酸と第一の金塩の溶液を反応させて核金ナノ粒子を形成させる核形成工程と、次いで該核金ナノ粒子の溶液に第二の金塩の溶液と還元性を有する有機酸を同時的に添加反応させて、核金ナノ粒子を成長させる成長工程の反応を行なうことを特徴とする青色金ナノ粒子の製造方法にある。
(h)本発明の第8の特徴は、成長工程の反応温度を10℃以上40℃未満で実施することを特徴とする(g)に記載の青色金ナノ粒子の製造方法にある。
(i)本発明の第9の特徴は、成長工程における有機酸の濃度が0.075~0.15mMであることを特徴とする(g)または(h)に記載の青色金ナノ粒子の製造方法にある。
(j)本発明の第10の特徴は、グッドバッファー成分のピペラジン環を有する有機酸が、2-[4-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-1-ピペラジニル]エタンスルホン酸、4-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-1-ピペラジンプロパンスルホン酸、4-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)ピペラジン-1-(2-ヒドロキシプロパン-3-スルホン酸)、ピペラジン-1,4-ビス(2-エタンスルホン酸)、3-[4-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-1-ピペラジニル]プロパンスルホン酸及びピペラジン-1,4-ビス(2-ヒドロキシ-3-プロパンスルホン酸)からなる群から選ばれた1種又は2種以上であることを特徴とする(i)に記載の青色金ナノ粒子の製造方法にある。
(k)本発明の第11の特徴は還元性を有する有機酸が、酒石酸、酒石酸塩、タンニン酸、タンニン酸塩、アスコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸塩、クエン酸及びクエン酸塩からなる群から選ばれた1種又は2種以上であることを特徴とする(g)に記載の青色金ナノ粒子の製造方法にある。
次に、本発明の特に免疫学的測定用標識物質としての特徴は、以下のとおりである。
(m)本発明の第13の特徴は、(a)~(e)のいずれかに記載の青色金ナノ粒子を含む免疫学的測定用標識物質にある。
(n)本発明の第14の特徴は、形状の異なる少なくとも二種類の金ナノ粒子から構成されることを特徴とする(m)に記載の免疫学的測定用標識物質にある。
(0)本発明の第15の特徴は、球状の金ナノ粒子とグラフト型、マルチポット型、または金平糖型の三次元突起を有する金ナノ粒子の少なくとも2種類から構成される(n)に記載の免疫学的測定用標識物質にある。
(p)本発明の第16の特徴は、(a)~(e)のいずれかに記載の青色金ナノ粒子を標識物質として用いる免疫学的測定方法にある。
以上の発明の構成を採ることにより、本発明の課題を解決することができた。
また、球状の赤色金ナノ粒子等と併用することにより、複数色の判定ラインを有するイムノクロマト診断薬を製造できるため、多項目検査において目視判定が容易かつ正確にできるので、誤診断・誤判定をすることが無い。
さらに、本発明の青色金ナノ粒子にあっては、タンパク質の修飾が容易であるため、感度の低下がなく、正確に結果の判定が可能であって、イムノクロマト診断薬としての性能が優れている。
さらにまた、本発明の青色金ナノ粒子は、イムノクロマト診断薬化した際のコストが、他の製法で得られた粒子に比べて安価である。
定量的には、通常は20~200nmの範囲に属する金ナノ粒子の総重量は、40%以上、好ましくは60%以上、より好ましくは80重量%以上存在することが好ましい。残りのものは、成長しないもの、真球状のもの、未反応残漆などから構成される。
この金平糖状の粒子において、三次元状突起が複数形成されていることが好ましい。本発明における平均粒子径とは、核突起部を含めて求められた値である。本発明の金ナノ粒子において、突起の数は、核1個につき約1~20個であり、好ましくは約4~10個である。突起の長さは、通常5~50nm程度である。この突起の数、長さなどは、核の成長に関係するので、予め特定の数や長さを決めることは非常に困難である。
本発明のマルチポット型金ナノコロイド粒子、または金平糖型金ナノコロイド粒子は、従来型の赤色を呈する真球状金コロイド粒子と比較して広がりに応じた色を呈する。これが青色などの、金ナノコロイド液の色彩の多様化を可能にする。
図1Aおよび図1Bの金ナノ粒子の例の詳細は、50nm程度の青色金ナノ粒子の例を示すものであり、図1Aおよび図1Bの例示のものは、具体的には、平均粒子径(DLS)66.5nm、極大吸収波長610nm程度の特性を有する。さらに補足すれば、TEM観察による計測をすれば、金ナノ粒子の平均外径62.2nm、平均核径35.7nm、平均突起13.2nm、突起角50度程度の形態を有するもので、AR(アスペクト比)は1以上である。勿論、本発明の金ナノ粒子の平均外径、平均核径、平均突起、および突起角などは、所定の色違いの生成物を考慮して任意に変えることができる。
なお、本発明において、実施例を含め、波長は、以下のように測定された。すなわち、紫外可視吸収スペクトル測定器(装置名:UV-2550、(株)島津製作所社製)を用い波長を測定した。測定は、石英セル10mm、波長800~200nm、バンド幅0.5nmの条件で行った。
この混在型金ナノ粒子標識物質を構成する、例えば、球状の金ナノ粒子の寸法は、平均粒子径が20~220nm、好ましくは30~200nm、より好ましくは40~150nm程度と比較的大きい粒子である。一方、三次元状突起を有する金ナノ粒子の平均粒子径については、20~200nm程度のものが混在し得るが、色彩の鮮明性、色彩に長時間の安定性、コロイドの安定性、標識の精度の向上、信頼性を高めるためには、好ましくは40~180nm、通常最も好ましくは50~120nm、さらに最も適正な範囲は60~100nmの範囲である。
混在型金ナノ粒子標識物質の入手法は、単純に予め製造された所定の平均粒子径を有する球状の金ナノ粒子標識物質と三次元状突起を有する金ナノ粒子標識物質とを、所定割合に混合する手法が挙げられる。
1)2種類の金ナノ粒子両方の平均粒子径が20~220nmであること、
2)2種類の金ナノ粒子の一方が球状で、他方が三次元状突起を4個以上有することを特徴とする金ナノ粒子、の態様が挙げられる。
このような混在型金ナノ粒子標識物質は、一度に多様な抗原を、赤、青、のような色違いで、鮮明に識別することができるので、医療現場の検査負担を軽減し、簡便化できるため、その有用性を著しく向上することができる。
成長段階において、より長い突起を持つ金平糖状の金ナノ粒子を形成させたい場合には、第二の還元剤と共に第一の還元剤、即ち、グッドバッファー成分のピペラジン環を有する有機酸との混合物を用いて行なうことを特徴とする。
第二の還元剤と併用する第一の還元剤の使用量は、成長段階で用いる第二の還元剤の使用濃度の仕様にしたがってそれと同一量の程度で使用できる。即ち、使用する第一の還元剤の濃度は、成長段階で核金ナノ粒子を成長させる水溶液中、0.01~100mMの範囲内で達成できる。
ピーク波長を変えずに本発明の粒子サイズを大きくした例を示すと、図2Aおよび図2Bに基づいて詳細に説明をすれば、図2A「粒子1」の粒子の吸収スペクトルにおいて、本発明は紫外可視吸収スペクトルピーク波長を変えることなく、粒子サイズを、図2B「粒子2」の状態に成長させることができるということを本発明者等が達成できたものである。図2Aおよび図2Bにおけるピーク波長とは、約570~630nmの範囲を指すものである。
核形成段階において使用する第一の還元剤の濃度は、核形成段階で核金ナノ粒子が形成される水溶液中、1~150mM、好ましくは30~100mMが使用できる。150mMを超えると必要以上の濃度となり、技術的に無意味になり、経済的でなく無駄となる。1mM未満では還元剤の機能が弱すぎて核形成反応が十分でなくなる。
核形成段階において使用する第一の金塩の濃度は、核形成段階で核金ナノ粒子が形成される水溶液中、0.1~100mM、好ましくは1~50mM、より好ましくは5~25mMが使用できる。
本発明におけるmMとは、mmol/Lを意味する。
核形成段階で上記濃度範囲の第一還元剤と上記濃度範囲の第一金塩を反応させて得られる金コロイド溶液の金の濃度が、最終的に0.1~100mMとなるような範囲で反応させる。
同様に図4A、図4Bに基づいて説明をすれば、図4Aは、各種反応温度10℃、20℃、30℃および40℃における波長(nm)の関係を調べたものである。40℃以上にすれば、青色から赤色に移行する傾向を示す。いわゆる反応温度を高くすれば、金ナノコロイド粒子が赤味を増す傾向を示す。一方、反応温度を低くすれば、金ナノコロイド粒子は青味を増す傾向にある。詳細には、図4Bに見るとおり、例えば、極大吸収波長600nm程度の金ナノコロイド粒子を収得する場合には、約10~30℃、最適温度として15~25℃の反応温度を設定すれば容易に達成できる。
図5は、実施例4に記載の成長段階におけるアスコルビン酸の使用量を変化させ、得られた金コロイド粒子懸濁液の紫外可視吸収スペクトルの極大吸収波長の変化を測定した結果である。図5中の横軸は、成長段階で加えるアスコルビン酸水溶液の重量濃度である。成長段階におけるアスコルビン酸およびその誘導体の最適量を吟味すれば、図5に見るとおり、青色の金コロイドを発色させるためには、添加するアスコルビン酸水溶液の濃度は0.02~0.07(質量%)と一応広範囲に使用できるが、青色波長との関係で見れば、成長段階で核金ナノ粒子を成長させる全水溶液中のアスコルビン酸濃度は、0.075~0.15mMが最適条件であることがわかり、この範囲は技術的に臨界性のある値であることは本発明者等の知見に基づくものである。
本発明の成長段階で用いる第二の還元剤のモル濃度は、添加した該核金ナノ粒子のモル濃度に対して、5~500倍の範囲、より好ましくは25~250倍の範囲が使用できる。本発明の成長段階で用いる第二金塩のモル濃度は、添加した該核金ナノ粒子のモル濃度に対して、0.1~10倍の範囲、より好ましくは0.5~5倍の範囲である。
第二の金塩と第二の還元剤とは、核形成段階で合成した金コロイド溶液中に、それぞれ0.1~3.0ml/分、好ましくは0.3~1.5ml/分、特に好ましくは0.5~1.0mL/分の速度で同時的に滴下する。
本発明の検出対象物を例示すれば、ペプチドホルモン(成長ホルモン(GH)、副腎皮質刺激ホルモン(ACTH)、メラミン細胞刺激ホルモン(MSH)、プロラクチン、甲状腺刺激ホルモン(TSH)、黄体形成ホルモン(LH)、卵胞刺激ホルモン(FSH)、下垂体ホルモン、カルシュウム代謝調節ホルモン、膵ホルモン、消化管ホルモン、血管作用ホルモン、ヒト絨毛性性腺刺激ホルモン(hCG)等の胎盤ホルモン、前立腺性酸性フォスファターゼ(PAP)、前立腺特異抗原(PSA)、アルカリ性フォスファターゼ、トランスアミナーゼ、トリプシン、ペプシノーゲン、α-フェトプロテイン(AFP)、ガン胎児性抗原(CEA)等のガン特異物質、免疫グロブリンG(IgG)等の血清蛋白成分、リュウマチ因子、セロトニン、ウロキナーゼ、フェリチン、サブスタンP、エストロン等の卵胞ホルモン、便潜血、梅毒抗体、インフルエンザウイルス、アデノウイルス、RSウイルス、ロタウイルス、HBs抗原、HBs抗体、クラミジア抗原、A群β溶連菌抗原等の細菌抗原、プロゲストロン等の天然又は合成黄体ホルモン、テストステロン等の男性ホルモン、コルチゾール等の副腎皮質ホルモン、コレステロール、胆汁酸、強心性ステロイド、サボゲニン等のその他のステロイド類、エビネプリン、ドーパミン、生理活性アルカロイド類、アミノ基含有向精神薬類、TRH等の低分子ペプチド類、ジョードサイロニン等の甲状腺ホルモン類、プロスタグランジン類、ビタミン類、ペニシリン等の抗生物質類、DNA、RNA、オリゴヌクレオチド、ポリヌクレオチド、それらの増幅物、その他生体内成分、生体内投与薬物およびその代謝産物等の他、豚肉、牛肉、鶏肉、卵等々の食品やそれらを含む食品等の抽出液等々が挙げられる。好ましい検出対象物としては、ウイルスに対して用いられ、特に、インフルエンザウイルス、アデノウイルス、RSウイルスに対して、より好ましく用いられる。
本発明において、緩衝剤としては、酢酸緩衝液(酢酸+酢酸ナトリウム)、リン酸緩衝液(リン酸+リン酸ナトリウム)、クエン酸緩衝液(クエン酸十クエン酸ナトリウム)、ホウ酸緩衝液、トリス塩酸緩衝液(トリス(ヒドロキシルメチル)アミノメタン+塩酸)、TE緩衝液(トリス+エチレンジアミン四酢酸)、TAE緩衝液(トリス+酢酸+エチレンジアミン四酢酸)、TBE緩衝液(トリス+ホウ酸+エチレンジアミン四酢酸)又はHEPES緩衝液(2-[4-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-1-ピペラジニル]エタンスルフォン酸)等のグッドバッファー等が挙げられる。好ましくは、酢酸緩衝液、リン酸緩衝液、トリス塩酸緩衝液などであり、より好ましくは、トリス塩酸緩衝液である。
従来のイムノクロマトグラフィー装置のサンプルパッド中へ、展開液を使用して予め検体を希釈処理して得られた検体試料を滴下して、イムノクロマトグラフィー媒体上を吸収部位の方向へ展開させて、抗原抗体反応により検体中の被検出物質の同定・定量等の検査をすることができる。
試料添加部位(1)は、試料が迅速に吸収されるが、保持力は弱く、速やかに反応部へと試料が移動していくような性質の、ガラス濾糸氏等の多孔質シートで構成されている。
吸収部位(5)は、過剰の試料を迅速に吸収する能力を有する材料、ガラス濾紙等が用いられる。
バッキングシー ト(6)は、基材である。片面に粘着剤を塗布したり、粘着テープを貼り付けることにより、片面が粘着性を有し、該粘着面上に試料添加部位(1)、標識物質保持部位(2)、クロマトグラフィー媒体(3)、検出部位(4)、および吸収部位(5)の一部または全部が密着して設けられている。パッキングシー ト(6)は、粘着剤によって試料液に対して不透過性、非透湿性となるようなものであれば、基材としては、特に限定されない。
モノクローナル抗体は、常法に従って、抗原(例えば、インフルエンザAウイルス)で免疫したマウスの牌臓細胞と骨晴腫細胞をハイブリッドさせ、目的とする抗体を産生するハイブリドーマを選択し、このハイブリドーマから産生されてくるモノクローナル抗体を収得する。例えば、ケーラーとミルスタインの技法(Nature 256(1975)495-497)を参照。
ポリクローナル抗体は、常套手法により、抗原(例えば、インフルエンザAウイルス)を産生動物(例えば、ヒト、マウス、ラット、ウサギ、ヤギ、ウマ等)に免疫して得た抗血清中から目的とする抗体を分離することにより得られる。
1.検体試料(検体を展開液で希釈処理したもの)を、サンプルパッド(1)上に、所定量(通常、0.1~2ml)滴下する。検体試料が滴下されると、検体試料はサンプルパッド(1)に迅速に吸収されるが、速やかに試料と共に移動を始める。サンプルパッド(1)中にイムノクロマトグラフィー用試薬組成物が含浸されていた場合には、含浸されていたイムノクロマトグラフィー用試薬組成物は、検体試料の水分に溶解し、検体試料と共に移動を始める。
2.検体試料は、まず標識物質保持部位(2)へと移動する。ここを検体試料が通過する際、標識物質保持部位(2)に保持されていた標識試薬(第二試薬)が試料の水分に溶解し、試料と共に移動する。
4.最後に、試料の水分は、吸収部位(5)へと移動する。
このように、検体試料中の被検出物質(例えば、抗原)の有無を正確に判定することができる。
(i)平均粒子径の測定
重力的光散乱法(コロイド粒子を、ゾル状体のまま、14000~5530000×gで回転させて超遠心分離機にかけ、その沈降速度から求める。)により求めることができるが、本発明では、動的光散乱(DLS)測定器Zetasizer Nano ZS(製品名、マルバーン社製)により平均粒子径を算出する。また、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM:日本電子(株)製、JEM-2010)により、撮影した投影写真を用いて無造作に100個の粒子を粒子の投影面積円相当径を計測し、その平均値から平均粒径(平均粒子径)を算出することもできる。尚、平均核径も同様にTEM投影写真を用いて無造作に100個の粒子を粒子の投影面積円相当径による平均値から算出され、平均突起長(グラフトの平均長さ)は、前記平均粒子径と平均核径の差分を2で除することで算出される。
この実施例では、核形成段階において、第一の金塩である塩化金酸を第一の還元剤であるHEPESで還元し、金平糖状の核コロイドを形成した。その後、成長段階では、第二の金塩である塩化金酸と、第二の還元剤であるL-アスコルビン酸とを同時に滴下してよりサイズの大きい金平糖状の金コロイドを形成させた。
10ml蓋付ガラス容器に、4×10-2mol/L HEPES pH7.8を10ml添加し、液温25℃となるまで恒温槽内で保持した。一方、塩化金酸四水和物0.7g(1.6×10-2mol)を超純水100mlに溶解させ、液温4℃になるまで氷上で保持した。HEPES水溶液、塩化金酸水溶液共に液温が安定したら、塩化金酸水溶液0.3mlをHEPES水溶液に滴下し、25℃恒温槽に1時間静置した。これにより、突起を含めた平均粒子径が43nm程度の、ほぼ金平糖型、グラフ型またはマルチポット型(突起数1~8)程度の金ナノコロイド粒子が製造された。コロイド溶液の単位体積(0.1ml)当たりの収率は91%程度のものができた。残りのものは、真球状のもの、未反応物、などと推定できる。
上記方法によって形成した金濃度4.0×10-4mol/Lの核コロイド5mlを、500mlの三ロフラスコに入れ、液温が20℃になるまで恒温槽内で攪拌した。液温が安定したら、塩化金酸四水和物1.5×10-2グラム(4.0×10-5mol)を超純水116mlに溶解させた塩化金酸水溶液と、L-アスコルビン酸4.2×10-2g(2.4×10-4mol)を超純水116mlに溶解させたL-アスコルビン酸水溶液116mlとを、1.0ml/minの速度で同時に滴下して、2時間攪拌しながら反応させて、成長段階を行なった。滴下終了後、三ロフラスコを恒温槽から取り出し、冷蔵庫で一晩静置した。得られた金ナノ粒子は、平均粒子径(DLS)約66.5nm程度、TEM観察による計測では、平均核径が約35.7nm程度であり、平均突起は13.2nm、突起数平均4以上、突起角50度程度、ARは1以上のものが生成された。得られた金コロイドの溶液は、青色(目視によるマンセル表色系測色値:色相5B付近)、極大吸収波長は610nmであった。
この実施例では、より長い突起を持つ金平糖状の金コロイドの合成を目的として行なった。
実施例1の核形成段階で形成した4.0×10-4mol/Lの核コロイド5mlを、500mlの三ロフラスコに入れ、液温が20℃になるまで恒温槽内で攪拌した。液温が安定したら、塩化金酸四水和物1.5×10-2グラム(4.0×10-5mol)を超純水116mlに溶解させた塩化金酸水溶液と、L-アスコルビン酸4.2×10-2グラム(2.4×10-4mol)とHEPES 0.11g(4.0×10-3mol)を超純水116mlに溶解させたL-アスコルビン酸HEPES水溶液116mlとを、1.0ml/minの速度で同時に滴下して、2時間攪拌しながら反応させて、成長段階を行なった。滴下終了後、三ロフラスコを恒温槽から取り出し、冷蔵庫で一晩静置した。
得られた金ナノ粒子は、突起を含めた平均粒子径(DLS)約98nm程度、TEM観察による計測では、より長い突起を持つ金平糖状の金コロイドがより多く生成されているものと推定される。平均核径が約65.7nm程度であり、成長した突起(グラフト)の平均長さは約16.7nm程度、突起数平均4以上、突起角50度程度、ARは1以上のものが生成された。得られた金コロイドの溶液は、青緑色(目視によるマンセル表色系測色値:色相8BG付近)、極大吸収波長は641nmであった。
実施例1において、成長段階の液温を10℃にした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、金コロイドを合成した。得られた金コロイド溶液の極大吸収波長を表1に示す。
実施例1の核形成段階で形成した4.3×10-4mol/Lの核コロイド5mlを、500mlの三ロフラスコに入れ、液温である成長温度を10℃になるまで恒温槽内で攪拌した。液温が安定したら、塩化金酸四水和物1.7×10-2グラム(4.2×10-5mol)を超純水116mlに溶解させた塩化金酸水溶液と、L-アスコルビン酸4.2×10-2グラム(2.4×10-4mol)を超純水116mlに溶解させたL-アスコルビン酸水溶液116mlとを、1.0ml/minの速度で同時に滴下して、2時間攪拌しながら反応させて、成長段階を行なった。滴下終了後、三ロフラスコを恒温槽から取り出し、冷蔵庫で一晩静置した。
得られた金ナノ粒子は、突起を含めた平均粒子径(DLS)が約67nm程度、TEM観察による計測では、平均核径が51.0nmであり、成長した突起(グラフト)の平均長さは8.0nm程度、突起数平均4以上、突起角50度程度、ARは1以上のものが生成された。得られた金コロイドの溶液は、青色(目視によるマンセル表色糸測色値:色相5PB付近)、極大吸収波長は587nmであった。
実施例1において、 成長段階の液温を30℃にした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、ほぼ金平糖型、グラフ型またはマルチポット型(突起数2~4)程度の三次元状突起を有する金コロイドナノ粒子を合成した。
得られた金ナノ粒子は、突起を含めた平均粒子径(DLS)60.5nm程度、TEM観察による計測であり、成長した突起(グラフト)の平均長さは7.5nm程度、突起数平均4以上、突起角50度程度、ARは1以上のものが生成された。得られた金コロイド溶液の極大吸収波長は586.5nmであった。
結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において、成長段階の液温を40℃にした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、金コロイドを合成した。得られた金コロイド溶液の極大吸収波長を表1に示す。
成長段階の温度を40℃にしたものであり、突起を含めた平均粒子径(DLS)約53nm程度、TEM観察による計測では、平均核径が45nmであり、成長した突起(グラフト)の平均長さは4nm程度、突起数平均4以上、突起角10度程度、のものが生成された。マルチポット型(突起数2~4)の三次元状突起がやや丸みを帯びた金コロイド粒子が製造された。残りは、真球状のもの、未反応物、などと推定できる。得られた金コロイドの溶液は、赤味を帯び(目視によるマンセル表色系測色値:色相10RP付近)、極大吸収波長が530nmであった。
実施例1において、成長段階のアスコルビン酸量を2.1×10-2グラム(1.2×10-4mol)にした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、金コロイドを合成した。得られた金コロイド溶液の極大吸収波長を表1に示す。
実施例1の核形成段階で形成した4.3×10-4mol/Lの核コロイド5mlを、500mlの三ロフラスコに入れ、液温である成長温度が30℃になるまで恒温槽内で攪拌した。液温が安定したら、塩化金酸四水和物1.7×10-2g(4.2×10-5mol)を超純水116mlに溶解させた塩化金酸水溶液と、L-アスコルビン酸2.1×10-2グラム(1.2×10-4mol)を超純水116mlに溶解させたL-アスコルビン酸水溶液116mlとを、1.0ml/minの速度で同時に滴下して、2時間攪拌しながら反応させて、成長段階を行なった。滴下終了後、三ロフラスコを恒温槽から取り出し、冷蔵庫で一晩静置した。
得られた金ナノ粒子は、突起を含めた平均粒子径が約48nm程度のものが生成された。
得られた金コロイドの溶液は、極大吸収波長は536.3nmで赤味を帯びたものであった。
実施例1において、成長段階のアスコルビン酸量を、8.4×10-2グラム(4.8×10-4mol)にした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、金コロイドを合成した。得られた金コロイド溶液の極大吸収波長を表1に示す。
成長段階温度30℃にしたものであり、核平均直径が60.2nm、平均粒子径が70.2nmであった。得られた金コロイドの溶液は、極大吸収波長が550.0nmで橙味を帯びたものであった。
実施例2のHEPESに換えHEPPSOを用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして、平均粒子径が約72nmである金コロイド粒子を作成した。得られた金コロイドの溶液は、青色(目視によるマンセル表色系測色値:色相1B付近)を呈し極大吸収波長は632nmであった。
実施例2のHEPESに換えPIPESを用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして、平均粒子径が約81nmである金コロイド粒子を作成した。得られた金コロイドの溶液は、青色(目視によるマンセル表色系測色値:色相3B付近)を呈し極大吸収波長は626nmであった。
実施例2において、成長段階で用いられるアスコルビン酸に換えL-アスコルビン酸Naを 4.7×10-2グラム(2.4×10-4mol)用い、HEPESの量を0.22g(8.0×10-3mol)用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして、金コロイド溶液を合成した。
得られた金コロイド粒子の突起を含めた平均粒子径(DLS)は約82nm程度、平均核径が約48nm程度であり、成長した突起(グラフト)の平均長さは約20nm程度、突起数平均4以上、突起角50度程度、ARは1以上のものが生成された。得られた金コロイド溶液は、紺色(目視によるマンセル表色系測色値:色相5PB付近)、極大吸収波長は752nmという、若干高い波長のものができる。
以上の実施例1~7および比較例1~3の測定結果を表1にまとめて表示する。
得られた金コロイド粒子の突起を含めた平均粒子径(DLS)、平均核径は同等程度であり、成長した突起(グラフト)の平均長さ、平均突起数、突起角度は同等程度であり、ARは1以上のものが生成された。得られた金コロイド溶液は各実施例のものと同等程度のものが得られた。これにより、本発明の成長段階で用いる第二の還元剤としては、還元性を有する有機酸、例えば、アスコルビン酸およびその誘導体、またはクエン酸およびその誘導体、以外の有機酸についても用いることが可能であると考えられる。例えば、D(L)-リンゴ酸、D(L)-酒石酸、乳酸、タンニン酸、還元糖などを用いて実施すれば、生成する金コロイド溶液には、若干の違いがあるが、一応本発明の目的とする所定の範囲内の特性を有するものが製造できると推察され、それらの各酸の無機または有機塩を用いて、上記実施例7等の方法に従って実施すれば、所定の金コロイド溶液を収得することができる。
<イムノクロマトグラフによるウイルス検出の実験例>
[実施例8]
ニトロセルロース膜(ミリポア社製:HF120)に、抗体塗布機(BioDot社製)を用いて、5重量%のイソプロピルアルコールを含むリン酸緩衝(pH7.4)で1.0mg/mLの濃度になるように希釈した抗インフルエンザウイルスAモノクローナル抗体を展開方向上流側(表2:ライン1)に、抗インフルエンザウイルスBモノクローナル抗体を前記抗インフルエンザAモノクローナル抗体の下流側(表2:ライン2)に塗布し、50℃で30分間乾燥させた。乾燥後、室温で一晩乾燥させ、クロマトグラフ媒体上へ反応部位を作製した。
前記実施例1で作成された青色金コロイド懸濁液0.5mLに、リン酸緩衝(pH7.4)で0.1mg/mLの濃度になるように希釈した抗インフルエンザウイルスBモノクローナル抗体を0.1mL加え、室温で10分間静置した。次いで、10重量%の牛血清アルブミンを含むリン酸緩衝液(pH7.4)を0.1mL加え、十分攪拌した後、8000×gで15分間遠心分離を行った。上清を除去した後、1重量%の牛血清アルブミンを含むリン酸緩衝液(pH7.4)0.1mLを加え、標識物質溶液1とした。
金コロイド懸濁液LC-40(田中貴金属工業社製:平均粒子径40nm)0.5mLに、リン酸緩衝(pH7.4)で0.1mg/mLの濃度になるように希釈した抗インフルエンザウイルスAモノクローナル抗体を0.1mL加え、室温で10分間静置した。次いで、10重量%の牛血清アルブミンを含むリン酸緩衝液(pH7.4)を0.1mL加え、十分攪拌した後、8000×gで15分間遠心分離を行った。上清を除去した後、1重量%の牛血清アルブミンを含むリン酸緩衝液(pH7.4)0.1mLを加え、標識物質溶液2とした。
上記作製した標識物質溶液1及び2をグラスファイバー製パッドに均一になるように添加した後、真空乾燥機にて乾燥させ、検出試薬保持部材とした。次いで、パッキングシートから成る基材に、上記調製したクロマトグラフ媒体、検出試薬保持部材、試料を添加する部分に用いるサンプルパッド 、および展開した試料、不溶性担体を吸収するための吸収パッドを貼り合わせた。最後に、裁断機で幅が5mmとなるように裁断し、クロマトグラフ媒体を作製した。
上記作製したクロマトグラフ媒体を用いて、以下の方法で試料中のインフルエンザウイルスA(表2:抗原A)及びインフルエンザウイルスB(表2:抗原B)の有無を測定した。即ち、0.5%Tween20、0.6%ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)K-90(分子量 36万)、1.0%牛血清アルブミンと150mM塩化ナトリウムを含むトリス緩衝溶液(pH8.0)から成る展開液を陰性検体試料とし、ここに不活化処理した蛋白濃度がそれぞれ25ng/mLのインフルエンザウイルスAおよび/またはインフルエンザウイルスBを加えたものを陽性検体試料とし、各々150μLをクロマトグラフ媒体のサンプルパッド上に載せて展開させ、15分後に目視判定をした。反応部位におけるテストライン(ライン1及び2)の発色シグナルを明確に確認できるものを「+」、発色シグナルは確認できるが、非常に色が薄いものを「±」、発色シグナルを確認できないものを「-」とした。実施例5の結果を表2に示す。
1) 上記金コロイド粒子の球状の核に4~20の突起が形成されていること
2) 上記金コロイド粒子の平均粒子径が20~200nmであること
を特徴とする目視の青色によって検出対象物を標識し識別する為の金コロイド粒子を利用することが可能である。
本発明を詳細にまた特定の実施態様を参照して説明したが、本発明の精神と範囲を逸脱することなく様々な変更や修正を加えることができることは当業者にとって明らかである。
本出願は、2010年11月5日出願の日本特許出願(特願2010-248463)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。すべての引用される参照は内容として取り込まれる。
Claims (16)
- 平均粒子径が20~200nmの金ナノ粒子から構成されてなる青色金ナノ粒子。
- 紫外可視吸収スペクトルの極大吸収波長が570~800nmの範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の青色金ナノ粒子。
- 粒子の形態がグラフト型、マルチポット型、または金平糖型の三次元突起部を有する金ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の青色金ナノ粒子。
- 金ナノ粒子からなる核の外周を成長させることにより形成されてなる請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の青色金ナノ粒子。
- 平均粒子核サイズが20~60nm、平均粒子径が50~120nmの範囲に含まれ、突起数が核1個につき4以上存在し、この突起部の長さは5~50nmであることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の青色金ナノ粒子。
- 請求項1に記載の青色金ナノ粒子、グッドバッファー成分のピペラジン環を有する有機酸、および還元性を有する有機酸からなり、コロイド溶液として分散されてなることを特徴とする青色金ナノ粒子のコロイド溶液。
- グッドバッファー成分のピペラジン環を有する有機酸と第一の金塩の溶液を反応させて核金ナノ粒子を形成させる核形成工程と、次いで該核金ナノ粒子の溶液に第二の金塩の溶液と還元性を有する有機酸を同時的に添加反応させて、核金ナノ粒子を成長させる成長工程の反応を行なうことを特徴とする青色金ナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 成長工程の反応温度を10℃以上40℃未満で実施することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の青色金ナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 成長工程における有機酸の濃度が0.075~0.15mMであることを特徴とする請求項7または8に記載の青色金ナノ粒子の製造方法。
- グッドバッファー成分のピペラジン環を有する有機酸が、2-[4-(2-ヒドロキシュチル)-1-ピペラジニル]エタンスルホン酸、4-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-1-ピペラジンプロパンスルホン酸、4-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)ピペラジン-1-(2-ヒドロキシプロパン-3-スルホン酸)、ピペラジン-1 ,4-ビス(2-エタンスルホン酸)、3-[4-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-1-ピペラジニル]プロパンスルホン酸及びピペラジン-1 ,4-ビス(2-ヒドロキシ-3-プロパンスルホン酸)からなる群から選ばれた1種又は2種以上であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の青色金ナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 還元性を有する有機酸が、酒石酸、酒石酸塩、タンニン酸、タンニン酸塩、アスコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸塩、クエン酸及びクエン酸塩からなる群から選ばれた1種又は2種以上であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の青色金ナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 成長工程において、 還元性を有する有機酸と共にグッドバッファー成分のピペラジン環を有する有機酸をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の青色金ナノ粒子の製造方法。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の青色金ナノ粒子を含む免疫学的測定用標識物質。
- 形状の異なる少なくとも二種類の金ナノ粒子から構成されることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の免疫学的測定用標識物質。
- 球状の金ナノ粒子とグラフト型、マルチポット型、または金平糖型の三次元突起を有する金ナノ粒子の少なくとも2種類から構成される請求項14に記載の免疫学的測定用標識物質。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の青色金ナノ粒子を標識物質として用いる免疫学的測定方法。
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AU2011324320A AU2011324320B2 (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2011-11-04 | Blue-colored gold nanoparticles for immunological measurement, process for production of same, and measurement method using same |
KR1020137013805A KR101729810B1 (ko) | 2010-11-05 | 2011-11-04 | 면역학적 측정용 청색 금 나노 입자, 그 제조 방법 및 그것을 사용한 측정 방법 |
CA2816674A CA2816674C (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2011-11-04 | Blue-colored gold nanoparticles for immunological measurement, process for production of same, and measurement method using same |
CN201180053388.6A CN103201057B (zh) | 2010-11-05 | 2011-11-04 | 免疫学测定用蓝色金纳米颗粒、其制造方法以及使用该蓝色金纳米颗粒的测定方法 |
IL226071A IL226071A (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2013-04-30 | Blue nanoparticles of blue gold for immunological measurement, process of manufacture and measurement method used |
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CN103201057B (zh) | 2016-05-18 |
EP2636469A4 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
CA2816674A1 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
JP2012112042A (ja) | 2012-06-14 |
KR20130142145A (ko) | 2013-12-27 |
IL226071A (en) | 2017-05-29 |
AU2011324320A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
US9360431B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 |
IL226071A0 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
AU2016216707B2 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
CN103201057A (zh) | 2013-07-10 |
JP5358648B2 (ja) | 2013-12-04 |
EP2636469A1 (en) | 2013-09-11 |
US20130224885A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
KR101729810B1 (ko) | 2017-04-24 |
AU2011324320B2 (en) | 2016-09-08 |
CA2816674C (en) | 2018-07-24 |
AU2016216707A1 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
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