WO2011125762A1 - 結合塩素剤、その製造および使用方法 - Google Patents
結合塩素剤、その製造および使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/08—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
- A01N1/0205—Chemical aspects
- A01N1/021—Preservation or perfusion media, liquids, solids or gases used in the preservation of cells, tissue, organs or bodily fluids
- A01N1/0215—Disinfecting agents, e.g. antimicrobials for preserving living parts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
- A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
- A01N41/04—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
- A01N41/08—Sulfonic acid halides; alpha-Hydroxy-sulfonic acids; Amino-sulfonic acids; Thiosulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/10—Use of feed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/16—Use of chemical agents
- B01D2321/168—Use of other chemical agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
- C02F2103/023—Water in cooling circuits
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/20—Prevention of biofouling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bound chlorine agent that can be suitably used as a slime control agent for a reverse osmosis membrane (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as RO membrane), and a method for producing and using the same.
- the present invention relates to a combined chlorine agent having a high chlorine concentration, an efficient method for producing the combined chlorine agent, and a chlorine treatment method using the combined chlorine agent.
- the clear permeated water obtained by the RO membrane treatment has a good water quality and can be effectively reused in various applications.
- the water to be treated contains pollutants that contaminate the RO membrane, such as turbidity and organic matter, the reverse osmosis membrane is contaminated by these substances, and the permeation flux of the RO membrane increases as the treatment continues. There are problems such as a decrease or a desalting rate.
- the water supplied to the RO membrane device is the fouling defined in JIS K3802.
- Pretreatment flulocculation treatment, solid-liquid separation, activated carbon treatment
- a method is being implemented to avoid the obstacles and continue stable operation.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-104310 proposes a method of adding a free chlorine agent to sterilize and then adding ammonium ions to produce chloramine.
- Patent Document 1 does not show in detail at which stage and how to apply to treated water containing pollutant substances.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-263510 proposes a membrane separation slime inhibitor containing a combined chlorine agent comprising a chlorine-based oxidizing agent and a sulfamic acid compound.
- Patent Document 2 shows that the above-mentioned combined chlorine agent contains free chlorine at a certain ratio in the water to be treated, and has a similar relationship in the equilibrium relationship. In order to obtain a bactericidal effect, it is used at a concentration at which free chlorine is detected in the water to be treated. In the examples, the free chlorine concentration is 2 to 6 mg / L, and the total chlorine concentration is 20 to 60 mg / L. Yes.
- RO membranes in particular RO membranes made of polymer membranes having nitrogen-containing groups such as polyamide and aramid, are susceptible to free chlorine, and there is a problem that membrane separation performance such as desalination rate and removal rate deteriorates. It is important to perform the RO membrane treatment without containing free chlorine.
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-57067 shows that after sterilizing with a free chlorine agent, a reducing agent such as sodium hydrogen sulfite is added to eliminate the sterilizing agent, and RO membrane treatment is performed. ing.
- the concentration of copper is limited because it is still insufficient even if the reducing agent is added and the bactericidal agent is erased. It is said that erasing is necessary to prevent the deterioration of the RO membrane.
- RO membranes especially RO membranes made of polymer membranes with nitrogen-containing groups such as polyamide and aramid are required to be used in aqueous systems that do not contain free chlorine.
- a combined chlorine agent as shown in Patent Document 2 can be added so that the free chlorine concentration is 0.1 mg / L or less.
- the object of the present invention is to add a preparation to an aqueous system so that the free chlorine concentration of the preparation is low and the combined chlorine concentration is high, thereby reducing the free chlorine concentration.
- a combined chlorine agent capable of increasing the combined chlorine concentration, a method for efficiently producing the combined chlorine agent, and a method for chlorination with a combined chlorine agent in a state where the free chlorine concentration is low.
- the present invention provides the following bonded chlorinating agent, a method for producing the same, and a chlorinating method.
- a bonded chlorinating agent comprising an aqueous solution preparation containing an alkali composed of an alkali metal hydroxide, sulfamic acid, and a chlorinated oxidant,
- the content ratio of sulfamic acid and chlorine-based oxidizing agent in the aqueous solution preparation is 0.45 to 0.6 in terms of Cl / N (molar ratio)
- the content ratio of alkali and chlorine-based oxidant is 0.3 to 0.4 in terms of Cl / alkali metal (molar ratio)
- a combined chlorine agent wherein the free chlorine concentration in the aqueous preparation is 2% by weight or less of the total chlorine concentration.
- a chlorination method comprising adding the combined chlorinating agent according to (1) above to an aqueous system so that the free chlorine concentration is 0.1 mg / L or less and performing chlorination.
- a chlorination treatment wherein the combined chlorination agent according to (1) is added to a water supply system of a reverse osmosis membrane so that the free chlorine concentration is 0.1 mg / L or less, and chlorination is performed.
- Free chlorine, combined chlorine and total chlorine in the present invention are shown in JIS K 0400-33-10: 1999, and the concentration of Cl 2 is determined by the DPD method using N, N-diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine. Measured. Free chlorine is regarded as chlorine existing in the form of hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite ions or dissolved chlorine. Bound chlorine is chlorine existing in the form of chloroamine and organic chloroamine, and is not contained in the free chlorine, but is chlorine measured by the DPD method. Total chlorine is considered to be free chlorine, combined chlorine, or chlorine present in both forms.
- the combined chlorine agent is an agent that generates the combined chlorine.
- the combined chlorinating agent of the present invention is a combined chlorinating agent composed of an aqueous solution preparation containing an alkali composed of an alkali metal hydroxide, sulfamic acid, and a chlorine-based oxidizing agent.
- the content ratio of sulfamic acid and chlorinated oxidant in the aqueous preparation is 0.45 to 0.6, preferably 0.45 to 0.55 in terms of Cl / N (molar ratio).
- the content ratio of alkali and chlorine-based oxidant is 0.3 to 0.4, preferably 0.30 to 0.36 in terms of Cl / alkali metal (molar ratio), and free chlorine concentration in the aqueous solution preparation Is 2% by weight or less of the total chlorine concentration.
- the aqueous solution preparation preferably has a pH of 13 or more, and the content ratio of alkali and sulfamic acid in the aqueous solution preparation is 0.5 to 0.7 in terms of N / alkali metal (molar ratio).
- the Cl / N (molar ratio) is a ratio of the number of moles of Cl 2 of the chlorinated oxidant measured according to JIS K 0400-33-10: 1999 and the number of moles of sulfamic acid composed of N. It corresponds to.
- N / alkali metal (molar ratio) corresponds to the ratio between the number of moles of the sulfamic acid and the number of moles of alkali constituted by the alkali metal hydroxide.
- the sulfamic acid constituting the bonded chlorinating agent is amidosulfuric acid represented by R 1 R 2 NSO 3 H (1), R 1 and R 2 are each independently H, a carbon number of 1 to 6 hydrocarbon groups.
- R 1 and R 2 are each H, but N-methylsulfamic acid, N, N-dimethylsulfamic acid, N-phenylsulfamic acid, and the like can also be used.
- These sulfamic acids may be used in a free (powdered) acid state, or may be a salt such as an alkali metal salt such as a sodium salt or a potassium salt.
- the alkali constituting the combined chlorine agent is an alkali made of an alkali metal hydroxide, and examples thereof include sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide salt.
- the chlorine-based oxidizing agent include hypochlorous acid, chlorous acid, or soluble salts such as alkali metal salts thereof. None of them contains sodium chloride, and sodium chloride in the aqueous solution preparation can be controlled to 50,000 mg / L or less to prevent salt precipitation and to improve the stability of the halogenated oxidizing agent.
- the combined chlorinating agent is prepared by adding sulfamic acid to an aqueous alkali solution made of an alkali metal hydroxide and dissolving it, and adding and mixing a chlorine-based oxidizing agent to the resulting aqueous sulfamic acid-alkali mixed solution to obtain an aqueous solution formulation. It can be manufactured by preparing.
- the amount of water in the alkaline aqueous solution is preferably 50 to 65% by weight.
- the alkali is an alkali metal hydroxide, and examples of such an alkali include those that maintain solubility when the above combined chlorine solution is used, such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
- the sulfamic acid may be added as a salt.
- usable salts include those that are soluble when the combined chlorinating agent aqueous solution is used, such as sodium sulfamate, potassium sulfamate, ammonium sulfamate, etc. Can be used.
- the sulfamic acid is added so that the sulfamic acid concentration in the aqueous solution preparation is the above concentration.
- the amount of sulfamic acid added is preferably such that the content ratio of alkali and sulfamic acid is 0.5 to 0.7 in terms of N / alkali metal (molar ratio).
- sulfamic acid As sulfamic acid, sulfamic acid or a salt thereof can be added in a powder state or in an aqueous solution state.
- sulfamate When sulfamate is used, the amount of alkali metal contained in the sulfamate is added as an alkali.
- an aqueous solution When an aqueous solution is used, the amount of water contained in the aqueous solution is added as the amount of water in the alkaline aqueous solution.
- the chlorine-based oxidant is preferably hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof, and is preferably added as an aqueous solution having an effective chlorine (Cl 2 ) concentration of 5 to 20% by weight, preferably 10 to 15% by weight.
- the amount of the chlorine-based oxidizing agent added is such that the chlorine-based oxidizing agent concentration in the aqueous solution preparation is the above concentration as the effective chlorine (Cl 2 ) concentration, and the content ratio of sulfamic acid and chlorine-based oxidizing agent is Cl / N (molar ratio) is added so as to achieve the above molar ratio.
- the combined chlorinating agent of the present invention produced as described above is used by adding to an aqueous system to perform chlorination, as described above, because the free chlorine concentration of the preparation is low and the combined chlorine concentration is high, Even if such a preparation is added to an aqueous system so as to reduce the free chlorine concentration, the combined chlorine concentration can be increased.
- Chlorine in the combined chlorine agent has an equilibrium relationship between free chlorine and combined chlorine (total chlorine), and even if the concentration of free chlorine is low, the chlorine stored potentially as combined chlorine is gradually released, It is thought that it acts as a chlorine agent such as bactericidal action. For this reason, the aqueous system to which the combined chlorinating agent is added is placed in a bactericidal activity state, and slime generation is prevented.
- the combined chlorine agent can be chlorinated by adding it to the aqueous system so that the free chlorine concentration is 0.1 mg / L or less. In this case, the total chlorine concentration can be 1 to 50 mg / L.
- the bonded chlorine agent of the present invention is suitable for use as a slime control agent for RO membranes.
- the RO membrane is a permeable membrane that separates and removes solutes such as salts and organic substances from the water to be treated by reverse osmosis, and is generally used for reverse osmosis membrane treatment.
- the RO membrane material is particularly effective for polyamide membranes, especially polymer membranes having nitrogen-containing groups such as aromatic polyamides, polyureas, polypiperazine amides, etc., which have low chlorine resistance, but cellulose acetate, etc.
- the RO membrane may be used.
- the RO membrane may constitute a module having an arbitrary structure such as a spiral type, a hollow fiber type, a tube type, or a flat membrane type.
- the water to be treated for RO membrane treatment may be water to be treated containing a pollutant.
- Such water to be treated removes pollutants in the presence of free chlorine in the pretreatment step, thereby eliminating the contamination of the RO membrane and setting the free chlorine concentration to 0.1 mg / L or less.
- the RO membrane can be efficiently treated while preventing contamination and deterioration of the RO membrane.
- a reducing agent can be added to the pretreated water.
- RO membrane slime control is performed by adding a combined chlorinating agent to such RO membrane treated water so that the free chlorine concentration is 0.1 mg / L or less. be able to. In this case, the total chlorine concentration can be 1 to 50 mg / L.
- the free chlorine concentration of the preparation is low and the combined chlorine concentration is high, so that even if the preparation is added to the aqueous system so that the free chlorine concentration is low, the combined chlorine concentration can be increased.
- a chlorinating agent is obtained.
- chlorination method of the present invention chlorination can be performed with the above-described combined chlorinating agent in a state where free chlorine concentration is low.
- 6 is a graph showing the relationship between Cl / N (molar ratio) and free chlorine concentration in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. It is a graph which shows the change of the production water amount of Example 4, and a differential pressure
- voltage. 10 is a graph showing changes in the desalting rate of Comparative Example 10.
- Examples 1 to 3 Sodium hydroxide is added to and dissolved in the amount of pure water shown in Table 1 in each example, and sulfamic acid (sulfamic acid powder in which R 1 and R 2 in Formula [1] are each H is added) is further added. Then, an amount of sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution in the amount shown in each table was added and dissolved to produce a combined chlorine agent comprising the aqueous solution preparations of each Example.
- Table 1 shows the properties of the obtained aqueous preparation, and the free chlorine and total chlorine concentrations.
- Na hydroxide (Na mol / L), N (mol / L) and effective chlorine (mol / L) are values calculated with the specific gravity of the solution being 1.3.
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship between free chlorine concentration / sulfamic acid (molar ratio), that is, Cl / N (molar ratio) and free chlorine concentration in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- the free chlorine concentrations in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are values obtained by converting the total chlorine concentration to 6.9%, which is the same as in Examples 1 to 3.
- the free chlorine in the aqueous solution preparation is 1000 mg / L or less and 2% by weight or less of the total chlorine concentration.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 3 it can be seen that the free chlorine in the aqueous solution preparation is higher than 1000 mg / L and higher than 2% by weight or less of the total chlorine concentration.
- Examples 1 to 3 are lower than Comparative Examples 1 to 3, but it can be seen that the total chlorine concentration is not as great as the difference in free chlorine.
- Comparative Examples 4 to 8 it can be seen that a precipitate is formed and an aqueous preparation cannot be produced.
- Example 4 A combined chlorine agent is added to the cooling water taken out from the cooling tower, and then coagulation treatment, filtration separation, and activated carbon treatment are performed, and pretreatment water having a total chlorine concentration of 5 mg / L and a free chlorine concentration of 0.5 mg / L is obtained. Obtained. To this pretreated water, a 10% by weight aqueous sodium hydrogensulfite solution is added so that sodium bisulfite is 15 mg / L, and the total chlorine concentration and free chlorine concentration contained in the pretreated water are made zero. It was. To this treated water, the combined chlorine agent obtained in Example 2 was added so that the total chlorine concentration was 1.2 mg / L and the free chlorine concentration was 0.05 mg / L.
- the water to be treated was pressurized to 1.5 MPa with a pump and supplied to the concentrated liquid chamber of the RO membrane treatment apparatus to perform the RO membrane treatment.
- the RO membrane treatment apparatus used was an aromatic polyamide RO membrane 4 inch spiral RO membrane element (Nitto Denko Corporation, ES20-D4) filled in one vessel.
- Example 9 In Example 4, the amount of product water and differential pressure when adding a chlorinating agent to the pretreatment water supplied to the RO membrane and supplying a total chlorine concentration of 13 mg / L and a free chlorine concentration of 0.2 mg / L. The change is shown in FIG. 4 and the change in the desalting rate is shown in FIG.
- Example 10 In Example 4, the chlorine content was not added to the water to be treated in the pretreatment step, and as a treatment result when the free chlorine concentration was 0.0 mg / L, the changes in the production water amount and the differential pressure are shown in FIG. The change in rate is shown in FIG. 7, where a decrease in flux due to slime formation is observed.
- the present invention relates to a slime control agent for a reverse osmosis membrane, a combined chlorinating agent used as another chlorination agent, a method for producing the same, and a chlorination method as a method for using the same, particularly for slime control for a reverse osmosis membrane. It can be used for chlorination methods.
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Abstract
Description
(1) アルカリ金属水酸化物からなるアルカリと、スルファミン酸と、塩素系酸化剤とを含有する水溶液製剤からなる結合塩素剤であって、
水溶液製剤中のスルファミン酸と塩素系酸化剤との含有割合が、Cl/N(モル比)で0.45~0.6であり、
アルカリと塩素系酸化剤との含有割合が、Cl/アルカリ金属(モル比)で0.3~0.4であり、
水溶液製剤中の遊離塩素濃度が全塩素濃度の2重量%以下であることを特徴とする結合塩素剤。
(2) 逆浸透膜のスライムコントロール剤用として用いる上記(1)記載の結合塩素剤。
(3) アルカリ金属水酸化物からなるアルカリ水溶液にスルファミン酸を添加して溶解し、得られたスルファミン酸-アルカリ混合水溶液に、塩素系酸化剤を添加して混合し、水溶液製剤として調製することを特徴とする上記(1)または(2)記載の結合塩素剤の製造方法。
(4) アルカリ水溶液は、水の量が50~65重量%である上記(3)記載の製造方法。
(5) 上記(1)記載の結合塩素剤を、遊離塩素濃度が0.1mg/L以下となるように水系に添加して塩素処理を行うことを特徴とする塩素処理方法。
(6) 上記(1)記載の結合塩素剤を、遊離塩素濃度が0.1mg/L以下となるように、逆浸透膜の給水系に添加して塩素処理を行うことを特徴とする塩素処理方法。
本発明の結合塩素剤の製造方法によれば、そのような結合塩素剤を効率的に製造することができる。
本発明の塩素処理方法によれば、上記のような結合塩素剤により遊離塩素濃度が低い状態で塩素処理することができる。RO膜のスライムコントロール剤用として用いる場合は、RO膜などの損傷を防止して、スライムコントロールを行い、効率よくRO膜処理を行うことができる。
各例の表1に示す量の純水に水酸化ナトリウムを添加して溶解し、さらにスルファミン酸(前記式〔1〕のR1、R2がそれぞれHであるスルファミン酸の粉末)を添加して溶解し、その後各表に示す量の次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液を添加して溶解し、各実施例の水溶液製剤からなる結合塩素剤を製造した。得られた水溶液製剤の性状、ならびに遊離塩素および全塩素濃度を表1に示す。なお、表1~4中、水酸化Na(Na mol/L)、N(mol/L)および有効塩素(mol/L)は、溶液の比重を1.3として算出した値を示す。
実施例1~3において、各成分の組成を変えて同様に製造および試験した結果を表2に示す。なお、比較例1では、他の成分として、ベンゾトリアゾール2部を添加し、*1に合計100部として表示した。
実施例1~3において、各成分の組成を変えて同様に製造および試験したところ、純水に水酸化ナトリウムを添加した水溶液にスルファミン酸が溶解しなかった。結果を表3に示す。
実施例1~3において、各成分の組成を変えて同様に製造および試験したところ、純水に水酸化ナトリウムを添加した水溶液にスルファミン酸が溶解しなかった。結果を表4に示す。
冷却塔から取出された冷却水に結合塩素剤を添加して、凝集処理、濾過分離、活性炭処理を行い、全塩素濃度が5mg/L、遊離塩素濃度が0.5mg/Lの前処理水を得た。この前処理水に10重量%亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を、亜硫酸水素ナトリウムが15mg/Lとなるように添加して、前処理水に含まれる全塩素濃度および遊離塩素濃度をゼロにして、被処理水とした。この被処理水に前記実施例2で得た結合塩素剤を、全塩素濃度が1.2mg/L、遊離塩素濃度が0.05mg/Lとなるように添加した。この被処理水をポンプで1.5MPaに加圧し、RO膜処理装置の濃縮液室に供給してRO膜処理を行った。RO膜処理装置は芳香族ポリアミド系RO膜の4インチスパイラル型RO膜エレメント(日東電工(株)製、ES20-D4)を1本ベッセルに充填したものを用いた。
実施例4において、RO膜へ供給する前処理水にさらに塩素剤を添加して、全塩素濃度が13mg/L、遊離塩素濃度が0.2mg/Lとして供給したときの生産水量と差圧の変化を図4に、脱塩率の変化を図5に示すが、RO膜の性能低下が認められる。
実施例4において、前処理工程における被処理水に塩素剤を添加せず、遊離塩素濃度が0.0mg/Lのときの処理結果として、生産水量と差圧の変化を図6に、脱塩率の変化を図7に示すが、スライム生成によるフラックスの低下が認められる。
Claims (6)
- アルカリ金属水酸化物からなるアルカリと、スルファミン酸と、塩素系酸化剤とを含有する水溶液製剤からなる結合塩素剤であって、
水溶液製剤中のスルファミン酸と塩素系酸化剤との含有割合が、Cl/N(モル比)で0.45~0.6であり、
アルカリと塩素系酸化剤との含有割合が、Cl/アルカリ金属(モル比)で0.3~0.4であり、
水溶液製剤中の遊離塩素濃度が全塩素濃度の2重量%以下であることを特徴とする結合塩素剤。 - 逆浸透膜のスライムコントロール剤用として用いる請求項1記載の結合塩素剤。
- アルカリ金属水酸化物からなるアルカリ水溶液にスルファミン酸を添加して溶解し、得られたスルファミン酸-アルカリ混合水溶液に、塩素系酸化剤を添加して混合し、水溶液製剤として調製することを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の結合塩素剤の製造方法。
- アルカリ水溶液は、水の量が50~65重量%である請求項3記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1記載の結合塩素剤を、遊離塩素濃度が0.1mg/L以下となるように水系に添加して塩素処理を行うことを特徴とする塩素処理方法。
- 請求項1記載の結合塩素剤を、遊離塩素濃度が0.1mg/L以下となるように、逆浸透膜の給水系に添加して塩素処理を行うことを特徴とする塩素処理方法。
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