WO2011111814A1 - ウレアーゼ含量を低減させた加工大豆、及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
ウレアーゼ含量を低減させた加工大豆、及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011111814A1 WO2011111814A1 PCT/JP2011/055746 JP2011055746W WO2011111814A1 WO 2011111814 A1 WO2011111814 A1 WO 2011111814A1 JP 2011055746 W JP2011055746 W JP 2011055746W WO 2011111814 A1 WO2011111814 A1 WO 2011111814A1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/01—Pulses or legumes in form of whole pieces or fragments thereof, without mashing or comminuting
- A23L11/03—Soya beans, e.g. full-fat soya bean flakes or grits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/05—Mashed or comminuted pulses or legumes; Products made therefrom
- A23L11/07—Soya beans, e.g. oil-extracted soya bean flakes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/30—Removing undesirable substances, e.g. bitter substances
- A23L11/31—Removing undesirable substances, e.g. bitter substances by heating without chemical treatment, e.g. steam treatment, cooking
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/015—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with pressure variation, shock, acceleration or shear stress or cavitation
- A23L3/0155—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with pressure variation, shock, acceleration or shear stress or cavitation using sub- or super-atmospheric pressures, or pressure variations transmitted by a liquid or gas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/40—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a processed soybean having a reduced urease content and a method for producing the same.
- Soybean also called field meat, is rich in proteins with amino acid composition similar to animal protein, and contains high-quality proteins comparable to meat and eggs. Soybeans are also rich in oils (lipids), more than 50% of which is linoleic acid that lowers cholesterol in the blood and is found to be effective in preventing adult diseases, especially high blood pressure. ing. Furthermore, soybean contains lecithin, and is known to act on brain cells and be effective in preventing blur.
- soy contains vitamins such as vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin E, vitamin K, and nutrients such as calcium, potassium, and dietary fiber. These nutrients are known to be effective in preventing aging, relieving fatigue, preventing constipation, and the like.
- soybean contains various isoflavones that have a mild female hormone-like action, and is reported to be effective in preventing or improving climacteric disorders and osteoporosis.
- soybeans are attracting attention as a non-meat food material that contains various useful nutrients, has high nutritional value, and has a good nutritional balance.
- the manufacturing technology of the soybean powder which has the outstanding food texture and contains substantially all the nutrients contained in soybean has been developed (for example, refer to Patent Documents 1 and 2), and the soybean powder is used.
- a variety of foods and beverages are in the spotlight, coupled with consumers' health consciousness.
- soybean also contains urease, an enzyme that hydrolyzes urea to produce ammonia.
- Ingestion of urease produces ammonia in contact with urea present in the intestinal tract. Thereafter, the generated ammonia is absorbed into the living body, and most of it is converted into urea in the liver.
- the urea-producing ability in the liver is reduced, and as a result, ammonia in the living body accumulates, leading to an increase in blood ammonia concentration.
- Such an increase in blood ammonia concentration is considered to be the main cause of brain disorders such as hepatic encephalopathy and hepatic coma.
- Urease has also been shown to promote the colonization of Helicobacter pylori, the causative agent of gastritis and gastric ulcers. Furthermore, it is known that ammonia produced by urease is toxic to intestinal bacteria and causes deterioration of intestinal flora.
- Patent Document 1 The above-mentioned soybean powder of Patent Document 1 is extremely excellent in terms of nutritional value, texture, flavor, etc., and has no problem with its safety. There is a need to provide soy materials with even higher added value without knowing that they will stop.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a processed soybean having a good texture and flavor and a reduced urease content.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a processed soybean having a reduced urease content evenly.
- the present inventors have been unable to sufficiently reduce the urease content of soybeans when each soybean is heat-treated by steaming or the like under atmospheric pressure. It has been found that there is a problem that remarkable unevenness occurs in the residual urease content. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the present inventors have conducted research day and night, and after steaming the soybean, the urease content can be sufficiently reduced without causing unevenness for each soybean by steaming. I found it possible. As a result of further studies, the present inventors have found that by performing such a treatment, it is possible to reduce the blue odor of soybean, and it is also possible to extract the sweetness of soybean. It was. The present invention has been completed by further studies based on such knowledge.
- Item 1 Process for producing processed soybeans comprising the following steps (A) and (B): (A) A step of subjecting soybean to reduced pressure, and (B) a step of steaming the soybean obtained in step (A).
- Item 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the decompression treatment is performed by exposing soybean to a decompressed atmosphere of 30 kPa or less.
- Item 3. The method according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the steaming treatment is performed at 80 to 150 ° C for 1 to 60 minutes.
- Item 4. Item 4. The method according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the processed soybean after the steaming treatment is subjected to a drying treatment and / or a powdering treatment.
- Processed soybean obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
- Item 6. Processed soybean of Claim 5 whose urease activity measured according to Chinese national standard GB / T5413.31-1997 is less than false positive (+1).
- Item 7. A method for producing processed soybean, wherein the soybean is steamed after being decompressed.
- Item 8. The method for producing processed soybean according to Item 7, wherein the reduced pressure treatment is performed by exposing the soybean to a reduced pressure atmosphere of 10 kPa or less.
- Item 3. The method for producing processed soybeans according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the soybeans subjected to reduced pressure treatment are subjected to heat treatment at 30 to 100 ° C for 1 minute or longer after the reduced pressure treatment and before the steaming treatment.
- Item 10 The method for producing processed soybean according to any one of Items 7 to 9, wherein the steaming treatment is performed at 80 to 150 ° C for 1 to 60 minutes. Item 11. Item 11. The method for producing processed soybean according to any one of Items 7 to 10, wherein the processed soybean after cooking is subjected to a drying treatment and / or a powdering treatment. Item 12. Processed soybean, characterized in that the urease activity measured according to Chinese national standard GB / T5413.31-1997 is less than false positive (+1). Item 13. Item 12. Processed soybean obtained by the production method according to any one of Items 7 to 11.
- urease content is uniformly reduced without causing unevenness due to differences in soybean type, grain size, shape, hardness, etc., or unevenness due to soybean parts (eg, cotyledons or hypocotyls).
- Processed soybeans can be provided.
- the processed soybean is excellent in safety because the urease content is uniformly reduced. Further, the processed soybean has a reduced blue odor and a good sweetness, and unevenness is also reduced with respect to these properties. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a processed soybean with excellent quality and constant quality with a good flavor.
- the processed soybean is useful as a material for foods and drinks, and by adding it to various foods and beverages, a processed soybean-containing food with reduced urease can be provided.
- Process for producing processed soybeans The process for producing processed soybeans of the present invention is characterized in that processed soybeans are obtained by subjecting soybeans to steaming treatment after reduced pressure treatment.
- processed soybeans are obtained by subjecting soybeans to steaming treatment after reduced pressure treatment.
- the raw material soybean (soybean) used in the present invention is not particularly limited as to its variety and production area.
- the raw soybean may be subjected to a selection process in advance to remove cracked beans, crushed beans, worm-eaten beans, other seeds, foreign matters, and the like.
- the raw soybean may be subjected to a washing treatment such as water washing in order to remove dirt and the like adhering to the surface of the bean.
- raw soybeans those that have been peeled using a suitable peeling machine, auxiliary peeling machine, etc. in accordance with a conventional method are usually used.
- the dehulling treatment is not particularly limited, and for example, soybeans obtained by heating soybean skin and peeling the skin can be used as raw material soybeans. Therefore, raw soybeans may be raw soybeans, or may be soybeans that have been heat-treated to such an extent that fire does not pass into the soybeans.
- the raw soybean is preferably a completely unfired soybean, preferably raw soybean.
- the enzymes act on soybean oil and develop a blue odor, so the molting process minimizes mechanical damage to the cotyledons such as cracking and destruction. It is desirable to separate the skin.
- the present invention includes a step of subjecting the raw material soybean to a reduced pressure treatment.
- the soybean pressure reduction treatment can be carried out by exposing the soybean to a reduced pressure atmosphere.
- a reduced pressure treatment By applying a reduced pressure treatment, the thermal conductivity of the soybean is improved, so that the soybean can be uniformly cooked in the next cooking process, eliminating the uneven cooking of each soybean grain and the uneven cooking of each soybean part.
- the decompression conditions for the decompression treatment are not particularly limited as long as the urease content of soybean can be reduced evenly, but is usually 30 kPa or less, preferably 10 kPa or less, more preferably 1 to 10 kPa, and even more preferably. Is 3 to 7 kPa.
- the reduced pressure treatment time is not particularly limited as long as the urease content of soybean can be reduced evenly, but is usually 1 minute or longer, preferably 1 to 10 minutes, more preferably 3 to 7 minutes.
- the temperature condition during the decompression treatment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ⁇ 20 to 45 ° C., preferably normal temperature.
- the soybean thus treated under reduced pressure is subjected to the steaming treatment described later after returning the pressure atmosphere to normal pressure.
- the steaming treatment after the decompression treatment as much as possible in the atmosphere of the soybean treated after the decompression treatment. It is preferable not to introduce air. Therefore, in this invention, it is preferable to return to normal pressure from a reduced pressure atmosphere by introduce
- the soybeans subjected to the decompression treatment may be subjected to a preliminary heat treatment.
- the preliminary heat treatment may be started after the pressure atmosphere of soybean is returned to normal pressure after the pressure reduction treatment, and heated steam is introduced at the stage where the pressure atmosphere of soybean is returned to normal pressure after the pressure reduction treatment. You may start with.
- the temperature condition of the preliminary heat treatment may be in a range that does not adversely affect the good sensory and texture, and includes, for example, 30 to 100 ° C., preferably 70 to 90 ° C., more preferably 75 to 85 ° C. .
- the heating time of the preliminary heat treatment may be set so that the temperature is uniformly distributed over the whole soybean, and for example, it is 1 minute or more, preferably 1 to 20 minutes, more preferably 5 to 15 minutes. In general, when the preliminary heat treatment is performed at a relatively low temperature, it is appropriate to perform the preliminary heating for a relatively long time. Similarly, when the preliminary heat treatment is performed at a relatively high temperature, it is appropriate to perform the preliminary heating for a relatively short time.
- the heat treatment method is preferably performed by introducing heated steam.
- soybean is steamed.
- the steaming process may be performed according to a known method, as long as soybeans and water vapor are brought into contact with each other under a predetermined temperature condition.
- the cooking conditions include 80 to 150 ° C. for 1 to 60 minutes, preferably 90 to 130 ° C. for 5 to 50 minutes, and more preferably 100 to 130 ° C. for 5 to 35 minutes. If the cooking temperature is too low, urease cannot be sufficiently deactivated, and the blue odor remains in the soybean, and the sweetness cannot be fully extracted.
- steaming at a high temperature is preferable from the viewpoint of deactivating urease activity and removing the blue odor of soybeans.
- the steaming process when performing the steaming process at a relatively low temperature, it is preferable to perform the steaming process for a relatively long time.
- the steaming process is relatively short. It is preferable to carry out.
- by balancing the cooking temperature and time it is possible to bring out the sweetness of soybeans while sufficiently reducing the urease content and the blue odor.
- the steaming process when steaming at 80 to 100 ° C., it is preferable to perform steaming for 20 to 60 minutes, more preferably 25 to 55 minutes, and further preferably 30 to 50 minutes.
- the steaming process is preferably performed for 1 to 30 minutes, more preferably 2 to 20 minutes, still more preferably 3 to 15 minutes.
- the product temperature of the processed soybean may be lowered by natural cooling after the steam treatment, or the product temperature of the processed soybean may be lowered by reducing the pressure to about 1 to 10 kPa after the steaming treatment.
- the pressure is reduced to about 1 to 10 kPa after the steaming process, not only the temperature of the processed soybeans after the steaming process is lowered, but also the moisture content of the processed soybeans is evaporated to reduce the moisture content of the processed soybeans by 2 to 3% by weight. It is also possible to obtain the advantage that the entire manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the processed soybean obtained by steaming can be subjected to a drying treatment to remove moisture contained in the processed soybean, increase storage stability, and increase versatility as a food material.
- a drying method in the drying treatment known methods such as reduced-pressure drying, air drying, warm air, heat drying and the like can be adopted, but warm air drying is preferable from the viewpoint of maintaining a good texture and flavor.
- the drying treatment is preferably performed so that the moisture content of the processed soybean is in the range of about 6% by weight or less.
- the processed soybean may be processed into a desired shape by shape processing such as shredding or powdering.
- powdered processed soybeans are suitable because they are easily blended into various foods and beverages and are highly versatile as food materials.
- Processed soybeans can be pulverized using various pulverization apparatuses used for pulverization in this technical field.
- Specific examples of the pulverizer include an airflow pulverizer (air grinder), a pin mill, a roll mill, a hammer mill, and a mortar pulverizer.
- the average particle size is desirably about 10 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably about 10 to 50 ⁇ m. The average particle size is measured by laser diffraction scattering type particle size distribution measurement.
- shape processing such as shredding or pulverization of processed soybean
- it may be performed either before or after the drying treatment, and may be performed before or after the drying treatment.
- Good From the viewpoint of simplifying the shape processing step, it is desirable to perform the shape processing after the steam drying process.
- a method of performing the shape processing before and after the drying treatment for example, there is a method in which the pressure is first biased by rolling to form a flake, then subjected to the drying treatment, and finally powdered using an airflow crusher or the like Can be mentioned.
- Processed soybeans Processed soybeans obtained by the above-described production method have no blue odor, have good texture and flavor, and have a reduced urease content.
- the reduced urease content means that the urease activity remaining in the processed soybean is reduced.
- the processed soybean obtained by the above production method preferably has a urease content of false positive (+1) or less, more preferably negative, and has advantageous physical properties compared to conventional processed soybeans. is doing.
- positive, false positive, and negative which are determination criteria for urease content, are determined according to the Chinese national standard GB / T5413.31-1997, and specifically described in Test Example 1 described later. Determined by the method.
- the processed soybean of the present invention has reduced unevenness for each processed soybean in terms of its properties (particularly urease content).
- “unevenness is reduced” usually means that the proportion of soybeans having a urease content of positive (+2) or more is 30 when the whole soybeans subjected to the above steaming treatment in terms of mass is 100%. % Or less, preferably less than 20%, more preferably less than 15%, even more preferably less than 10%, particularly preferably less than 5%.
- the processed soybean has a urease content of false positive (+1) or more when the whole soybean subjected to the steaming treatment is 100% in terms of mass, and the proportion of soybean is 30% or less. Preferably less than 20%, more preferably less than 15%, even more preferably less than 10%, and particularly preferably less than 5%.
- the homogeneity of the processed soybean with respect to the urease content indicates that the soybean has been uniformly cooked, and at the same time means that the processed soybean is homogeneous with respect to flavors such as blue odor and sweetness.
- the present invention also provides a novel processed soybean having a reduced urease content.
- the processed soybean is excellent in terms of texture and flavor, and is used as a food material in various foods and beverages.
- the shape of the processed soybean is appropriately set according to the form of the food or beverage to be blended.
- the processed soybean may be either powdered or granular, and may be properly used depending on the type of food.
- the said processed soybean is a powder form in order to ensure the favorable dispersibility in a drink.
- Examples of foods containing the processed soybean include tofu-like foods, breads, baked goods, beverages, jelly-like foods, and frozen desserts.
- the baked confectionery blended with the processed soybean is produced by shaping or molding a dough blended with the processed soybean powder into an appropriate shape and then baking it.
- the tofu-like food containing the processed soybean is produced by using a soybean liquid prepared by dissolving and dispersing the processed soybean powder in water instead of soy milk in the production of conventional tofu. .
- the tofu-like food looks like tofu itself but contains okara components (without removing the fiber)
- the tofu-like food is not included in “tofu” by the Director of Food Distribution Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Since this is not the case, this specification refers to a tofu-like food.
- the blending ratio of the processed soybean is appropriately set according to the form of the food and the like, for example, 1 to 75% by weight, preferably 5 to 35% by weight.
- the blending ratio of the processed soybean is appropriately set according to the type of the beverage and the like, for example, 1 to 40% by weight, preferably 5 to 35% by weight is exemplified.
- the drink in which the processed soybean is blended is provided as a soy drink.
- the beverage may contain a pH adjuster and a buffer (sodium hydrogen carbonate, trisodium citrate, citric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.) as necessary.
- a buffer sodium hydrogen carbonate, trisodium citrate, citric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.
- various flavorings, flavor substances, sweeteners, and the like can be blended in the same manner as general beverages.
- the homogenization treatment can be performed by using a general homogenizer.Specifically, using a high-pressure homogenizer (LAB40) manufactured by Gaulin, about 200-1000 kgf / cm 2 , preferably An example is a method carried out under conditions of about 300-800 kgf / cm 2 .
- LAB40 high-pressure homogenizer
- the soy beverage thus obtained can be made into a product by aseptically filling it in an appropriate container after appropriate sterilization or sterilization treatment according to a conventional method.
- Powdered treatment Using an air grinder, the processed soybean recovered after the drying treatment was pulverized. The powdering treatment was performed until the average particle size became 20 to 50 ⁇ m. The average particle size was measured using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution analyzer LA750 (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.).
- a neutral buffer containing 5.79 mg / ml of disodium hydrogen phosphate and 3.53 mg / ml of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, pH 7
- X A soybean sample having urease activity more than false positive is included with a probability of 40 to 60% (40% is not included, but 60% is included).
- Test 1 Effect of decompression conditions As shown in Table 1 below, only the decompression conditions were changed between 5 and 100 kPa, and the effects of the obtained processed soybeans were examined. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the reduction of urease content and the improvement of taste in such processed soybeans can be achieved by reducing the heat conductivity of the whole soybean by performing a vacuum treatment before the steaming treatment, and there is no unevenness in heating during the steaming treatment. This is probably due to the fact that heating was possible. In addition, when the decompression process was not performed before the steaming process, the heating unevenness of the soybean was generated during the steaming process, and the urease content could not be sufficiently reduced.
- Test 2 Influence of steaming conditions As shown in Table 2 below, the green odor and residual urease activity were measured for processed soybeans that were treated by changing the steaming conditions. The results are also shown in Table 2.
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Abstract
Description
項1. 以下の工程(A)及び(B)を含む、加工大豆の製造方法:
(A) 大豆を減圧処理する工程、及び
(B) 工程(A)で得られた大豆を蒸煮する工程。
項2. 減圧処理が、大豆を30kPa以下の減圧雰囲気に晒すことにより行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
項3. 蒸煮処理が、80~150℃で1~60分間の条件で行われる、項1又は2に記載の方法。
項4. 更に、蒸煮処理後の加工大豆を、乾燥処理及び/又は粉末化処理に供する、項1~3のいずれかに記載の方法。
項5. 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の方法により得られる、加工大豆。
項6. 中国国家標準GB/T5413.31-1997に従って測定されるウレアーゼ活性が偽陽性(+1)以下である、請求項5に記載の加工大豆。
項7. 大豆に対して、減圧処理した後に蒸煮処理することを特徴とする、加工大豆の製造方法。
項8. 減圧処理が、大豆を10kPa以下の減圧雰囲気に晒すことにより行われる、項7に記載の加工大豆の製造方法。
項9. 減圧処理後且つ蒸煮処理前に、減圧処理された大豆に対して30~100℃で1分間以上加熱処理を行う、項1又は2に記載の加工大豆の製造方法。
項10. 蒸煮処理が、80~150℃で1~60分間の条件で行われる、項7~9のいずれかに記載の加工大豆の製造方法。
項11. 更に、蒸煮処理後の加工大豆を、乾燥処理及び/又は粉末化処理に供する、項7~10のいずれかに記載の加工大豆の製造方法。
項12. 中国国家標準GB/T5413.31-1997に従って測定されるウレアーゼ活性が偽陽性(+1)以下であることを特徴とする、加工大豆。
項13. 項7~11のいずれかに記載の製造方法により得られる、加工大豆。
本発明の加工大豆の製造方法は、大豆を、減圧処理した後に蒸煮処理することによって、加工大豆を得ることを特徴とする。以下、本発明の製造方法について詳述する。
上記の製造方法で得られた加工大豆は、青臭み等がなく、食感や風味が良好であって、ウレアーゼ含量が低減されている。本書において、ウレアーゼ含量が低減されているとは、加工大豆に残存するウレアーゼ活性が低減されていることを意味する。特に、上記の製造方法で得られた加工大豆は、ウレアーゼ含量が偽陽性(+1)以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは陰性になっており、従来の加工大豆に比べて有利な物性を有している。ここで、ウレアーゼ含量の判定基準である陽性、擬陽性、及び陰性については、中国国家標準基準GB/T5413.31-1997に従って判定されるものであり、具体的には後記する試験例1に記載の方法で判定される。
以下に示す手順で、粉末状の加工大豆を製造した。
原料大豆として、選別により小石や夾雑物を除いた大豆を用いた。次いで、脱皮機及び補助脱皮機(原田産業株式会社製)を用いて、大豆の皮を剥いで脱皮大豆を得、これを半割して半割大豆を得た。
上記で得られた半割大豆5kgを、圧力制御が可能な蒸煮機(株式会社品川工業所製、高圧蒸気釜SRB-H-100)に入れて、真空冷却機(株式会社品川工業所製、FCD型)を用いて、下記の表1及び2に示すサンプル毎の圧力雰囲気になるまで減圧して、5分間維持した。
上記の減圧処理が終了した後、蒸煮機の内部に約3分間程度かけて水蒸気を徐々に導入し、蒸煮機の内部の圧力を常圧に戻した。その後、蒸煮機内で、減圧処理された半割大豆に対して、80℃で10分間の加熱処理(加熱水蒸気の導入による加熱処理)を行った。
上記加熱処理後、蒸煮機内に蒸気を送り続けることにより、下記の表1及び2に示すサンプル毎の温度と時間の条件に設定し蒸煮処理を行った。上記蒸煮処理後、蒸煮機内の圧力雰囲気を5kPaまで減圧し、蒸煮処理された加工大豆の品温が60℃になるまで保持することにより、加工大豆の表面乾燥を行った。その後、蒸煮機の内部の圧力を常圧まで戻して、加工大豆を回収した。
得られた加工大豆をメッシュパンに薄く均一に広げ、80℃に設定した箱型温風乾燥機(株式会社Yamato製、温風乾燥機;DN-61)に入れ6重量%以下の含水量となるまで乾燥した。乾燥後は30℃以下に冷やした。
エアーグラインダーを用いて、上記乾燥処理後に回収した加工大豆を粉末化した。当該粉末化処理は、平均粒子径が20~50μmになるまで実施した。当該平均粒子径は、レーザー回析散乱式粒度分布測定機LA750(株式会社堀場製作所製)を用いて測定した。
上記で得られた加工大豆粉末の、ウレアーゼ活性、ムラの有無、甘み、及び青臭さは、以下のようにして測定・評価した。
加工大豆0.1g及び水1mlを10ml容の比色管にいれ、十分に混合した。次いで、これに中性緩衝液(リン酸水素二ナトリウム5.79mg/ml及びリン酸二水素カリウム3.53mg/ml含有、pH 7)1mlを添加し、更に尿素溶液(尿素10mg/ml含有、残部 水)1mlを添加し、40℃で20分間インキュベートした。その後、水4mlを添加混合、タングステン酸ナトリウム溶液(タングステン酸ナトリウム100mg/ml含有、残部 水)1mlを添加混合、硫酸溶液(硫酸0.5容量%含有、残部 水)1mlを添加混合し、これをろ紙(No.5A)でろ過して、ろ液を回収した。
(判定基準)
陽性(+4) レンガ色混濁あるいは上層透明液
陽性(+3) 橙色上層透明液
陽性(+2) 深いゴールドあるいは黄色透明液
偽陽性(+1) 淡黄色あるいは微黄色上層透明液
陰性(-) 対照試験管#1と同等あるいは薄い
#1 対照試験管とは、加工大豆0.1gの代わりに水0.1gを使用して、上記ウレアーゼ活性の評価を行ったものである。
各加工大豆サンプルから5~10g大豆をランダムに取り出し、各々について残存ウレアーゼ活性を測定し、結果のバラつきを以下に従って評価した。
◎:全ての大豆サンプルにおいて、ウレアーゼ活性が陰性である。
○:ウレアーゼ活性が擬陽性以上の大豆サンプルが20%以下の確率で含まれる。
△:ウレアーゼ活性が擬陽性以上の大豆サンプルが20%~40%の確立で含まれる(20%は含まれないが、40%は含まれる)。
×:ウレアーゼ活性が擬陽性易以上の大豆サンプルが40~60%の確率で含まれる(40%は含まれないが、60%は含まれる)。
××:ウレアーゼ活性が擬陽性以上の大豆サンプルが60~80%の確立で含まれる(60%は含まれないが、80%は含まれる)。
各加工大豆サンプルから5~10gの大豆をランダムに取り出し、上記に従って残存ウレアーゼ活性を測定した。測定された残存活性の程度に応じて、下記の通りポイントに換算し、各処理条件毎の平均を求めた。
陽性(+3): 4ポイント
陽性(+2): 3ポイント
偽陽性(+1): 2ポイント
陰性(-): 1ポイント
そして、求めた平均値を以下に従って、評価した。
○: 平均値が1よりも大きく、2以下。
△: 平均値が2よりも大きく、3以下。
×: 平均値が3よりも大きく、4以下。
××: 平均値が4よりも大きく、5以下。
加工大豆を5名のパネラーに摂取させ、下記の判定基準に従って、甘みを評点化して評価を行った。結果は、各パネラーの評点の平均を算出した。
評点
5: 非常に甘い
4: 甘い
3: やや甘い
2: ほのかに甘い
1: 甘くない
加工大豆を5名のパネラーに摂取させ、下記の判定基準に従って、青臭さを評点化して評価を行った。結果は、各パネラーの評点の平均を算出した。
評点
5: 青臭くない
4: ほのかに青臭い
3: やや青臭い
2: 青臭い
1: 非常に青臭い
下記の表1に示す通り、減圧条件のみを5~100kPaの間で変化させ、得られた加工大豆についてその影響を調べた。その結果を表1に示す。
下記の表2に示すように、蒸煮条件を変化させて処理した加工大豆について、青臭み及び残存ウレアーゼ活性を測定した。その結果を表2に併せて示す。
Claims (6)
- 以下の工程(A)及び(B)を含む、加工大豆の製造方法:
(A) 大豆を減圧処理する工程、及び
(B) 工程(A)で得られた大豆を蒸煮する工程。 - 減圧処理が、大豆を30kPa以下の減圧雰囲気に晒すことにより行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 蒸煮処理が、80~150℃で1~60分間の条件で行われる、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 更に、蒸煮処理後の加工大豆を、乾燥処理及び/又は粉末化処理に供する、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の方法により得られる、加工大豆。
- 中国国家標準GB/T5413.31-1997に従って測定されるウレアーゼ活性が擬陽性(+1)以下である、請求項5に記載の加工大豆。
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SG2012061610A SG183412A1 (en) | 2010-03-12 | 2011-03-11 | Processed soybean having reduced urease content and manufacturing method of the same |
KR1020127026556A KR101461768B1 (ko) | 2010-03-12 | 2011-03-11 | 우레아제 함량을 저감시킨 가공 대두 및 그의 제조 방법 |
EP11753472.7A EP2545786A4 (en) | 2010-03-12 | 2011-03-11 | TREATED SOYBEANS FOR REDUCING THE UREASE CONTENT AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
CN201180013588.9A CN102791147B (zh) | 2010-03-12 | 2011-03-11 | 降低了脲酶含量的加工大豆及其制造方法 |
US13/583,850 US8993036B2 (en) | 2010-03-12 | 2011-03-11 | Method for producing soybeans having reduced urease content |
JP2012504530A JP6016628B2 (ja) | 2010-03-12 | 2011-03-11 | ウレアーゼ含量を低減させた加工大豆、及びその製造方法 |
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JP2015146764A (ja) * | 2014-02-06 | 2015-08-20 | 学校法人関東学院 | 大豆粉末の製造方法及びその製造方法により製造された大豆粉末、並びにその大豆粉末を含む大豆加工食品 |
WO2019168034A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-06 | 腸内フローラ移植臨床研究株式会社 | 生体微生物含有組成物及びその製造方法 |
WO2021039645A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-26 | 2021-03-04 | シンバイオシス株式会社 | 生体導入補助剤及びその利用方法 |
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CN111671050B (zh) * | 2020-07-30 | 2021-11-16 | 广州同康生物科技有限公司 | 一种整粒黄豆中脲酶的脱除工艺 |
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JP2015146764A (ja) * | 2014-02-06 | 2015-08-20 | 学校法人関東学院 | 大豆粉末の製造方法及びその製造方法により製造された大豆粉末、並びにその大豆粉末を含む大豆加工食品 |
WO2019168034A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-06 | 腸内フローラ移植臨床研究株式会社 | 生体微生物含有組成物及びその製造方法 |
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JPWO2019168034A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-28 | 2021-02-12 | 腸内フローラ移植臨床研究株式会社 | 生体微生物含有組成物及びその製造方法 |
JP7104435B2 (ja) | 2018-02-28 | 2022-07-21 | 腸内フローラ移植臨床研究株式会社 | 生体微生物含有組成物及びその製造方法 |
WO2021039645A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-26 | 2021-03-04 | シンバイオシス株式会社 | 生体導入補助剤及びその利用方法 |
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JP6016628B2 (ja) | 2016-10-26 |
KR20130018764A (ko) | 2013-02-25 |
US8993036B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 |
US20130004647A1 (en) | 2013-01-03 |
CN102791147B (zh) | 2015-09-23 |
KR101461768B1 (ko) | 2014-11-13 |
CN102791147A (zh) | 2012-11-21 |
EP2545786A1 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
JPWO2011111814A1 (ja) | 2013-06-27 |
EP2545786A4 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
SG183412A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
CN102187980A (zh) | 2011-09-21 |
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