WO2011093253A1 - 色素増感太陽電池用電解液およびこれを利用した色素増感太陽電池 - Google Patents
色素増感太陽電池用電解液およびこれを利用した色素増感太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011093253A1 WO2011093253A1 PCT/JP2011/051265 JP2011051265W WO2011093253A1 WO 2011093253 A1 WO2011093253 A1 WO 2011093253A1 JP 2011051265 W JP2011051265 W JP 2011051265W WO 2011093253 A1 WO2011093253 A1 WO 2011093253A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- dye
- solar cell
- sensitized solar
- halogen
- carbon atoms
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- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- -1 sulfone compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
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- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 12
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- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2004—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2004—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte
- H01G9/2013—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte the electrolyte comprising ionic liquids, e.g. alkyl imidazolium iodide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolyte solution for a dye-sensitized solar cell, and more specifically, a dye-sensitized solar cell electrolyte solution that can be used in a wide temperature range and has excellent durability, and a dye-sensitized solar cell using the same. It relates to batteries.
- a dye-sensitized solar cell generally includes an anode electrode (semiconductor electrode) in which a porous film of a metal oxide semiconductor is formed on a transparent substrate with a transparent conductive film and a sensitizing dye is adsorbed on the surface, and a conductive substrate.
- the cathode electrode (counter electrode) on which the catalyst layer is formed is disposed so as to be opposed to each other, and the electrolytic solution is sealed therebetween.
- the sensitizing dye absorbs visible light to be in an excited state, electrons are injected from the sensitizing dye into the semiconductor electrode, and current is taken out through the current collector.
- the oxidized form of the sensitizing dye is reduced and regenerated by the redox pair in the electrolytic solution.
- the oxidized redox pair is reduced by the catalyst layer on the surface of the counter electrode disposed opposite to the semiconductor electrode, and the cycle goes around.
- the electrolyte used for such a dye-sensitized solar cell is required to have various characteristics. That is, the cell of the dye-sensitized solar cell is sealed with a sealing material so that the electrolyte does not leak, but the cell may be damaged if the electrolyte is decomposed to generate gas. If the solvent of the electrolytic solution decreases due to the generation of gas, the conversion efficiency is lowered. Therefore, it is necessary that the electrolytic solution does not generate gas even when decomposed. Similarly to the generation of cracked gas, when the electrolytic solution is volatilized, the electrolytic solution capacity in the cell is lowered and the conversion efficiency is lowered, so that sufficient durability cannot be obtained.
- the electrolyte solution for dye-sensitized solar cells is required to be less volatile even under high temperature conditions and to have high stability.
- a low temperature characteristic that exhibits good conversion efficiency without solidifying even at low temperatures is desired.
- Patent Document 1 lithium iodide or iodide salt and iodine dissolved in methoxyacetonitrile or acetonitrile are generally used as an electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells.
- Patent Document 1 lithium iodide or iodide salt and iodine dissolved in methoxyacetonitrile or acetonitrile are generally used as an electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells.
- Patent Document 1 the nitrile solvent has high initial conversion efficiency, the vapor pressure is high and volatilizes from the cell, so that there is a problem that sufficient durability cannot be obtained.
- an electrolyte solution for a dye-sensitized solar cell that does not generate gas, can be used in a wide range of temperatures, and has excellent durability.
- the present invention provides an electrolyte solution having all of these characteristics. The task is to do.
- an electrolytic solution using a specific chain sulfone compound as a solvent exhibits good conversion efficiency without solidifying at low temperature, and generates gas or volatilizes even at high temperature.
- the present invention has been completed by finding that it has excellent durability.
- the present invention is an electrolyte solution for a dye-sensitized solar cell, which contains a chain sulfone compound represented by the following general formula (1) as a solvent.
- R 1 and R 2 independently represent a halogen, alkoxy group or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group or a phenyl group which may be partially substituted with an aromatic ring.
- the present invention is also a dye-sensitized solar cell containing the above electrolytic solution.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell using the electrolytic solution of the present invention exhibits good conversion efficiency without being solidified at low temperatures, and has high stability without generating gas or volatilizing at high temperatures. It can be used at high temperatures, has excellent durability, and can maintain good conversion efficiency over a long period of time.
- the electrolyte solution for a dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention contains a chain sulfone compound represented by the following general formula (1) as a solvent.
- a chain sulfone compound represented by the following general formula (1) As a solvent, the durability of the solar cell can be remarkably improved.
- R 1 and R 2 independently represent a halogen, alkoxy group or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group or a phenyl group which may be partially substituted with an aromatic ring.
- R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (1) are all optionally substituted by a halogen, an alkoxy group or an aromatic ring.
- compounds having 12 alkyl groups include dimethyl sulfone, ethyl methyl sulfone, methyl isopropyl sulfone, ethyl isopropyl sulfone, ethyl isobutyl sulfone, isobutyl isopropyl sulfone, methoxyethyl isopropyl sulfone, and fluoroethyl isopropyl sulfone.
- R 1 and R 2 compounds in which the total number of carbon atoms of R 1 and R 2 such as ethyl isopropyl sulfone, ethyl isobutyl sulfone, isobutyl isopropyl sulfone, methoxyethyl isopropyl sulfone, and fluoroethyl isopropyl sulfone is 5 or more, preferably 5 to 10 It can be used in a wide range of temperatures and is particularly suitable because of its excellent durability.
- chain sulfone compound represented by the general formula (1) examples include compounds in which at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a phenyl group, such as phenyl isopropyl sulfone, phenyl ethyl sulfone, and diphenyl sulfone. It can be illustrated. Among these, there are a wide range of compounds in which one of R 1 and R 2 is a phenyl group and one is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may be partially substituted with a halogen, an alkoxy group or an aromatic ring. It can be used at a temperature and is preferably used because it is excellent in durability. More preferably, it is a compound of which one is an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and in particular, phenylisopropylsulfone can be suitably used.
- the chain sulfone compound of the general formula (1) in addition to the chain sulfone compound of the general formula (1), other solvents can be used in combination as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- an aprotic organic solvent, an ionic liquid, or the like can be used, and it is preferable that the viscosity is low and the ionic conductivity is sufficient.
- the aprotic organic solvent include cyclic sulfones such as sulfolane and methyl sulfolane, and ethers such as ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, propylene glycol dialkyl ether, polyethylene glycol dialkyl ether, and polypropylene glycol dialkyl ether.
- the cation is 1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-octyl-3-methyl.
- Imidazolium-based such as 1-methyl-pyridium, 1-butyl-pyridium, 1-hexyl-pyridium and the like, pyrazolium-based, aliphatic amine-based, anion is tetrafluoroborate, hexafluoroborate, Fluorinated sulfonic acids such as trifluoromethanesulfonate, trifluoro Fluorinated carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, cyanate based, thiocyanate system, dicyanamide system, also can be given like what is sulfonylimide system such as bisfluorosulfonylimide and bistrifluoromethanesulfonylim
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention contains a redox electrolyte, that is, a redox pair.
- a redox pair halogen compounds and halogen molecules having halogen ions as counter ions are suitable.
- a combination of iodide salts using iodine and iodide ions as counter ions, a combination of bromide salts using bromine and bromide ions as counter ions, or a mixture thereof can be used.
- a combination of iodine and iodide salt is preferable because of high conversion efficiency.
- Halogen compounds having the above-mentioned halogen ions as counter ions include lithium and sodium.
- metal cations such as magnesium and calcium and onium cations such as imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium and pyrazolium. These can be used alone or in combination. Of these, onium cations are preferably used.
- R 3 and R 4 independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkyl group.
- imidazolium cation of the general formula (2) examples include 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-3-propylimidazolium, 1,3- Dimethylimidazolium, 1,3-diethylimidazolium, 1,3-dipropylimidazolium, 1-methyl-3-methoxymethylimidazolium and the like, and the total number of carbon atoms of each alkyl group or alkoxyalkyl group is It is preferably 2 to 4.
- R 3 and R 4 in the general formula (2) are preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and the total number of carbon atoms of each alkyl group is preferably 2 to 4, particularly 1, 3-Dimethylimidazolium and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium are preferred because of their excellent ion conductivity and high conversion efficiency.
- the reason why the compound having the imidazolium cation represented by the above formula (2) is preferable is not necessarily clear, but the following reasons are considered. That is, since propylene carbonate and ⁇ -butyrolactone used in the past, particularly nitrile solvents, have a very low viscosity, no difference in conductivity was observed even when any imidazolium cation was used. However, the chain sulfone compound represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention has higher viscosity than these conventionally used solvents, and among the imidazolium cations, those having a large cation size have low ionic conductivity.
- an iodide salt is particularly desirable.
- the concentration of the halogen compound varies depending on the amount of current generated depending on the amount of incident light when used as a solar cell, and the optimum concentration is not necessarily constant, but is preferably 0.1 to 4.0 mol / L, particularly preferably. 0.5 to 2.0 mol / L. If the concentration is less than 0.1 mol / L, sufficient performance may not be obtained. On the other hand, if the concentration is greater than 4.0 mol / L, it may be difficult to dissolve in the solvent.
- a halogen molecule is used to act as a redox pair.
- iodine (I 2 ) or bromine (Br 2 ) is preferable.
- an iodide salt is used as the halogen compound, it is desirable to use iodine as the halogen molecule. In this case, it functions as an I ⁇ / I 3 ⁇ redox pair together with the iodide salt.
- the content of halogen molecules in the electrolyte is not necessarily constant because the amount of current generated varies depending on the amount of incident light when used as a solar cell, but from the viewpoint of ion conductivity and light energy conversion efficiency.
- the amount is preferably 0.005 to 0.5 mol / L, and particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.1 mol / L.
- a polymer such as polyacrylonitrile or polyvinylidene fluoride, a low molecular gelling agent, or the like is added to the solvent, or a polyfunctional monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group is added to the solvent.
- the electrolyte layer may be formed as a gel electrolyte by gelling these solvents by a method such as polymerizing in the above.
- the polymer for gelling the solvent may have ionicity, but it is desirable that the polymer does not have ionicity when the movement of the electrolyte is hindered.
- particles may be added to give thixotropy, so that when the cell is constructed, it may have solid, paste, or gel properties.
- the material of such particles is not particularly limited, and a known material can be used.
- indium oxide, a mixture of tin oxide and indium oxide (hereinafter abbreviated as “ITO”), inorganic oxides such as silica, carbon materials such as ketjen black, carbon black, and carbon nanotubes, and kaolinite Or a layered inorganic compound such as montmorillonite, that is, a clay mineral may be used.
- basic materials such as alkylpyridines such as 4-t-butylpyridine and imidazoles such as N-methylbenzimidazole can be added to the electrolytic solution of the present invention as additives.
- other optional components include surfactants and anticorrosive materials.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention can be obtained by adding and dissolving halogen compounds such as iodide salts and halogen molecules such as iodine in a solvent containing the chain sulfone compound according to a conventional method.
- the dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention uses this electrolytic solution, but a general dye-sensitized solar cell configuration may be adopted except for the electrolytic solution.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the configuration of the dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention. In FIG.
- 1, 1 is an electrode substrate, 2 is a transparent substrate, 3 is a transparent conductive film, 4 is a porous metal oxide semiconductor layer, 5 is a sensitizing dye layer, 6 is a semiconductor electrode, and 7 is an electrolytic solution of the present invention.
- the electrode substrate 1 is a transparent electrode substrate such as conductive glass in which a transparent conductive film 3 is formed on a transparent substrate 2.
- a porous metal oxide semiconductor layer 4 is formed on the transparent conductive film 3 and has a sensitizing dye layer 5 in which a dye is adsorbed on the surface of the metal oxide semiconductor. From these, the semiconductor electrode 6 which is an anode electrode is comprised.
- Transparent substrate As the transparent substrate 2 constituting the electrode substrate 1, one that transmits visible light can be used, and transparent glass can be suitably used. Moreover, the thing which processed the glass surface and scattered incident light, and a translucent ground glass-like thing can also be used. Moreover, not only glass but a plastic plate, a plastic film, etc. can be used if it transmits light.
- the thickness of the transparent substrate 2 is not particularly limited because it varies depending on the shape and use conditions of the solar cell. For example, when glass or plastic is used, it is about 1 mm to 1 cm in consideration of durability during use. When flexibility is required and a plastic film is used, the thickness is about 25 ⁇ m to 1 mm. Moreover, you may use processes, such as a hard coat which raises a weather resistance as needed.
- Transparent conductive film As the transparent conductive film 3, a material that transmits visible light and has conductivity can be used, and examples of such a material include metal oxide. Although not particularly limited, for example, tin oxide doped with fluorine (hereinafter abbreviated as “FTO”), tin oxide doped with indium oxide, ITO, or antimony (hereinafter abbreviated as “ATO”), oxidation. Zinc or the like can be suitably used.
- FTO fluorine
- ITO indium oxide
- ATO antimony
- Zinc or the like can be suitably used.
- an opaque conductive material can also be used if visible light is transmitted by a treatment such as dispersion.
- Such materials include carbon materials and metals.
- a carbon material For example, graphite (graphite), carbon black, glassy carbon, a carbon nanotube, fullerene, etc. are mentioned.
- a metal For example, platinum, gold
- the conductive material used for the transparent conductive film It is desirable that has high corrosion resistance to the electrolyte. Accordingly, metal oxides, particularly FTO and ITO are particularly suitable.
- the transparent conductive film 3 can be formed by providing on the surface of the transparent substrate 1 at least one of the above conductive materials. Alternatively, it is also possible to incorporate the conductive material into the material constituting the transparent substrate 2 and integrate the transparent substrate and the transparent conductive film into the electrode substrate 1.
- the transparent conductive film 3 on the transparent substrate 2 when forming a metal oxide, there are a sol-gel method, a vapor phase method such as sputtering or CVD, and a coating of a dispersion paste. Moreover, when using an opaque electroconductive material, the method of fixing powder etc. with a transparent binder etc. is mentioned.
- the thickness of the transparent conductive film 3 is not particularly limited because the conductivity varies depending on the material to be used. However, in the glass with FTO film generally used, it is 0.01 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m. It is. Further, the required conductivity varies depending on the area of the electrode to be used, and a larger area electrode is required to have a lower resistance, but is generally 100 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, preferably 10 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ / ⁇ or less. Exceeding 100 ⁇ / ⁇ is not preferable because the internal resistance of the solar cell increases.
- the thickness of the electrode substrate 1 composed of a transparent substrate and a transparent conductive film, or the electrode substrate 1 in which the transparent substrate and the transparent conductive film are integrated varies depending on the shape and use conditions of the solar cell as described above, and thus is particularly limited. Generally, it is about 1 ⁇ m to 1 cm.
- ⁇ Porous metal oxide semiconductor> A conventionally well-known thing can be used as a metal oxide semiconductor which forms the porous metal oxide semiconductor layer 4. That is, in addition to oxides of transition metals such as Ti, Nb, Zn, Sn, Zr, Y, La, and Ta, perovskite oxides such as SrTiO 3 and CaTiO 3 are exemplified. Although not particularly limited, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide and the like can be mentioned, and titanium dioxide, and further anatase type titanium dioxide are particularly suitable.
- the porous metal oxide semiconductor layer 4 is not particularly limited and can be provided on the transparent conductive film 3 by a known method.
- a sol-gel method for example, there are a sol-gel method, dispersion paste application, electrodeposition and electrodeposition.
- the metal oxide has few grain boundaries, and it is desirable to sinter the applied metal oxide. Sintering conditions vary depending on the type and formation method of the metal oxide semiconductor to be used and the heat-resistant temperature of the substrate, and may be appropriately changed. However, when titanium dioxide is used, sintering is preferably performed at 450 to 550 ° C.
- the semiconductor layer 4 is desirably porous, and specifically has a specific surface area of 10 to 200 m 2 / g. Further, in order to increase the light absorption amount of the sensitizing dye, it is desirable to scatter light by giving a wide range to the particle diameter of the metal oxide to be used.
- the thickness of the semiconductor layer 4 is not particularly limited because the optimum value varies depending on the metal oxide used and its properties, but is 0.1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the sensitizing dye constituting the sensitizing dye layer 5 may be any sensitizing dye that can be excited by sunlight and can inject electrons into the metal oxide semiconductor layer 4, and is generally used in a dye-sensitized solar cell. Although a dye can be used, in order to improve the conversion efficiency, it is desirable that the absorption spectrum overlaps with the sunlight spectrum in a wide wavelength region and the light resistance is high.
- the sensitizing dye is not particularly limited, but is preferably a ruthenium complex, particularly a ruthenium polypyridine-based complex, and more preferably a ruthenium complex represented by Ru (L) (L ′) (X) 2.
- L is 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine, or a polypyridine ligand into which a quaternary ammonium salt and a carboxyl group are introduced
- L ′ is the same as L or 4′-substituted 2,2′-bipyridine
- substituent at the 4,4 ′ position of L ′ include a long-chain alkyl group, an alkyl-substituted vinylthienyl group, an alkyl or alkoxy-substituted styryl group, and a thienyl group derivative. It is done.
- X is SCN, Cl, or CN. Examples thereof include bis (4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine) diisothiocyanate ruthenium complex.
- dyes examples include metal complex dyes other than ruthenium, such as iron complexes and copper complexes. Further examples include organic dyes such as cyan dyes, porphyrin dyes, polyene dyes, coumarin dyes, cyanine dyes, squarylium dyes, styryl dyes, eosin dyes, and more specifically, manufactured by Mitsubishi Paper Industries, Ltd. And a dye (trade name: D149 dye). These dyes desirably have a bonding group with the metal oxide semiconductor layer 4 in order to improve the efficiency of electron injection into the metal oxide semiconductor layer 4.
- the linking group is not particularly limited, but is preferably a carboxyl group, a sulfonyl group or the like.
- the method for adsorbing the sensitizing dye to the porous metal oxide semiconductor layer 4 is not particularly limited.
- it is transparent in a solution in which the dye is dissolved at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
- a method of immersing the metal oxide semiconductor layer 4 formed on the conductive film 2 can be given. It is desirable that the immersion time be appropriately adjusted so that a monomolecular film of the dye is uniformly formed on the semiconductor layer 4 according to the type of semiconductor, dye, solvent, and dye concentration used.
- what is necessary is just to perform the immersion under a heating in order to perform adsorption
- the sensitizing dye does not associate on the surface of the porous metal oxide semiconductor layer 4. If association occurs when the dye is adsorbed alone, a co-adsorbent may be adsorbed as necessary.
- a co-adsorbent is not particularly limited because the optimum kind and concentration varies depending on the dye used, and examples thereof include organic carboxylic acids such as deoxycholic acid.
- the method for adsorbing the coadsorbent is not particularly limited, but the dye is prepared by immersing the metal oxide semiconductor layer 4 after dissolving the coadsorbent together with the sensitizing dye in a solvent for dissolving the sensitizing dye.
- the coadsorbent can be adsorbed simultaneously with the adsorption step.
- the solvent used for dissolving the sensitizing dye examples include alcohols such as ethanol, nitrogen compounds such as acetonitrile, ketones such as acetone, ethers such as diethyl ether, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chloroform, Examples thereof include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, and esters such as ethyl acetate. It is desirable that the dye concentration in the solution is appropriately adjusted according to the type of dye and solvent used. For example, a concentration of 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol / L or more is desirable.
- a counter electrode 8 which is a cathode electrode, is disposed via an electrolyte layer 7 and a spacer 11 so as to face the semiconductor electrode 6 composed of the electrode substrate 1, the porous metal oxide semiconductor layer 4 and the sensitizing dye layer 5. .
- the counter electrode substrate 9 has high electrical conductivity. Further, when halogen molecules and halogen compounds are used as an oxidation-reduction pair in the electrolyte as described above, it is desirable to use a material having high corrosion resistance to the electrolytic solution for the conductive electrode substrate 9.
- the material of the conductive substrate 9 include chromium, nickel, titanium, tantalum, niobium, and stainless steel that is an alloy thereof, which has an oxide film formed on the surface and good corrosion resistance, and a surface.
- examples thereof include aluminum having an oxide film formed thereon to improve corrosion resistance.
- Suitable materials include conductive metal oxides.
- ITO, FTO, ATO, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, or the like can be suitably used.
- FTO and ITO can be preferably used.
- the conductive electrode substrate 9 may be provided with a support for the purpose of enhancing durability and handling properties.
- a support for the purpose of enhancing durability and handling properties.
- glass or a transparent plastic resin plate can be used.
- a plastic resin plate can be used when lightness is required, and a plastic resin film can be used when flexibility is required.
- a metal plate etc. can also be used when raising intensity
- the method for arranging the support is not particularly limited.
- the support is a part where the catalytically active layer 10 is not supported, In particular, it is preferable to dispose on the back surface of the electrode substrate 9.
- the conductive electrode substrate and the support can be integrated by supporting the support by a method such as embedding a powder or filler of a conductive material on the support surface.
- the thickness of the support is not particularly limited because it varies depending on the shape of the counter electrode and usage conditions. For example, when glass or plastic is used, it is about 1 mm to 1 cm in consideration of durability during actual use. When flexibility is required and a plastic film or the like is used, the thickness is about 25 ⁇ m to 1 mm. Moreover, you may use the process of a hard coat etc. which improve a weather resistance as needed, and a film attachment process. When a metal material is used as a support, the thickness is about 10 ⁇ m to 1 cm.
- the form and thickness of the conductive electrode substrate 9 are not particularly limited because the conductivity differs depending on the shape and use conditions when used as an electrode and the material used, and any form can be selected. For example, when practical strength is maintained by using the above-mentioned support, a thickness of about 100 nm may be used as long as electrical conductivity necessary for use as an electrode can be secured. Further, when the strength is ensured only by the conductive electrode substrate 9 without using the support, a thickness of about 1 mm or more is preferable.
- the required conductivity varies depending on the area of the electrode to be used, and a larger area electrode is required to have a lower resistance, but is generally 100 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, preferably 5 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ / ⁇ or less. If it exceeds 100 ⁇ / ⁇ , the internal resistance of the solar cell increases, which is not preferable.
- the catalyst material supported on the surface of the conductive electrode substrate 9 only needs to be able to reduce an oxidized form such as a halogen compound contained in the electrolyte layer 7 as a redox pair to the reduced form at a sufficient rate.
- an oxidized form such as a halogen compound contained in the electrolyte layer 7 as a redox pair
- the triiodide anion (I 3 ⁇ ) can be reduced to the iodide anion (I ⁇ ) or the bromide anion (Br 3 ⁇ ) can be reduced to the tribromide anion (Br ⁇ )
- a known substance can be used, for example, a transition metal, a conductive polymer material, a carbon material, or the like can be preferably used.
- the shape is not particularly limited because it varies depending on the type of catalyst used.
- the catalyst active layer 10 can be formed by providing at least one type of catalyst material among the above-described catalyst materials on the surface of the electrode substrate 9. Alternatively, the catalyst material can be incorporated into the material constituting the electrode substrate 9.
- the transition metal serving as a catalyst platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium or the like can be suitably used, and these may be used as an alloy. Of these, platinum or a platinum alloy is particularly suitable.
- the transition metal can be supported on the conductive substrate 9 by a known method. For example, the transition metal is supported on the conductive substrate 9 using a method of directly forming by sputtering, vapor deposition, electrodeposition, a method of thermally decomposing a precursor such as chloroplatinic acid or the like, and the catalytically active layer 10 is formed. be able to.
- a conductive polymer obtained by polymerizing at least one kind of monomers among pyrrole, aniline, thiophene, and derivatives thereof can be used as a catalyst.
- polyaniline or poly (ethylenedioxythiophene) is desirable.
- a known method can be used for supporting the conductive polymer on the electrode substrate 9.
- a method of electrochemically polymerizing the conductive substrate 9 by immersing it in a solution containing the monomer, or a solution containing an oxidizing agent such as Fe (III) ion or ammonium persulfate and the monomer A chemical polymerization method for reacting on the electrode substrate 9, a method for forming a film from a solution in which a conductive polymer is melted or dissolved, and particles of the conductive polymer are pasty, emulsion, or polymer Examples of the method include forming the mixture on the electrode substrate 9 by screen printing, spray coating, brush coating, and the like after processing into a mixture including a solution and a binder.
- the carbon material is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known carbon material having catalytic ability to reduce triiodide anion (I 3 ⁇ ) which is an oxidant of the redox pair can be used. Carbon nanotubes, carbon black, activated carbon and the like are desirable.
- a known method such as a method of applying and drying a paste using a fluorine-based binder or the like can be used.
- a spacer 11 is disposed between the semiconductor electrode 6 and the counter electrode 8, and an electrolyte solution 7 is formed by filling the space with an electrolyte solution, which is sealed by a peripheral seal portion 12.
- the spacer 11 controls and fixes the distance between the electrodes so that the semiconductor electrode and the counter electrode do not come into contact with each other, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that does not deteriorate due to an electrolyte solution, heat, light, or the like. Any known material can be used in any shape. Examples of the material include glass and ceramic materials, fluorine-based resins, photo-curing resins, and thermosetting resins.
- the peripheral seal portion can also serve as a spacer by a method such as mixing minute glass or ceramic material in the peripheral seal portion 12.
- the peripheral seal portion 12 is a member that seals the semiconductor electrode and the counter electrode so that the electrolyte solution of the present invention does not leak, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that does not deteriorate due to the electrolyte solution or heat / light.
- examples thereof include thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, ultraviolet curable resins, electron beam curable resins, metals, and rubbers.
- Example 1 The electrolyte solution and the dye-sensitized solar cell were prepared as follows.
- porous metal oxide semiconductor layer As a transparent substrate with a transparent conductive film, FTO glass (Nippon Sheet Glass 25 mm ⁇ 50 mm) was used, and titanium oxide paste (Titania Paste PST-18NR manufactured by JGC Catalysts & Chemicals Co., Ltd.) was applied on the surface thereof. After repeatedly applying the drying process at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes three times, the porous titanium oxide layer having a thickness of about 15 ⁇ m was formed by baking at 500 ° C. for 60 minutes in the air atmosphere.
- FTO glass Natural Sheet Glass 25 mm ⁇ 50 mm
- titanium oxide paste Tiania Paste PST-18NR manufactured by JGC Catalysts & Chemicals Co., Ltd.
- a titanium oxide paste (Titania paste PST-400C manufactured by JGC Catalysts & Chemicals Industries Co., Ltd.) is applied over the porous titanium oxide layer by screen printing, and then fired in the same manner to obtain a thickness of about 20 ⁇ m.
- the completed porous metal oxide semiconductor layer was completed as a porous titanium oxide semiconductor electrode.
- sensitizing dye bis (4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine) diisothiocyanate ruthenium complex (manufactured by Solaronix) generally called N3dye was used.
- the porous titanium oxide semiconductor electrode heated to 80 ° C. was immersed for 48 hours in a shaded state while slowly shaking in a mixed solution of acetonitrile and t-butyl alcohol (1: 1) having a dye concentration of 0.5 mmol / L. Thereafter, excess pigment was washed with dehydrated acetonitrile and air-dried to complete a solar cell photoelectrode (anode electrode).
- a platinum counter electrode manufactured by Geomatec
- Ti film thickness of 50 nm
- Pt film thickness of 150 nm
- Example 2 A solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an electrolytic solution was prepared using ethyl isobutyl sulfone (manufactured by Sumitomo Seika Co., Ltd.) instead of ethyl isopropyl sulfone.
- ethyl isobutyl sulfone manufactured by Sumitomo Seika Co., Ltd.
- Example 3 A solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electrolyte solution was prepared using isopropyl isobutyl sulfone (manufactured by Sumitomo Seika Co., Ltd.) instead of ethyl isopropyl sulfone.
- Example 4 (Preparation of methoxyethyl isopropyl sulfone) Methoxyethyl isopropyl sulfone first reacts with methoxyethyl bromide and sodium hydrogen sulfide to obtain methoxyethyl mercaptan, which is purified by distillation and reacted with sodium metal to convert it to sodium methoxythioethoxide, which is converted to isopropyl iodide. And then oxidized with an oxidizing agent, and the oxide was obtained by distillation purification.
- a solar battery cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an electrolytic solution was prepared using the obtained methoxyethyl isopropyl sulfone instead of ethyl isopropyl sulfone.
- Phenyl isopropyl sulfone was obtained by reacting phenyl mercaptan with metallic sodium to obtain sodium thiophenoxide, reacting it with isopropyl iodide, oxidizing it with an oxidizing agent, and purifying the oxide by distillation.
- a solar battery cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an electrolytic solution was prepared using the obtained phenylisopropylsulfone instead of ethylisopropylsulfone.
- Example 6 (Preparation of fluoroethyl isopropyl sulfone) Fluoroethyl isopropyl sulfone first reacts with ethyl mercaptan with fluorine gas and then purified by distillation to produce ethyl fluoride mercaptan, which is reacted with metallic sodium to obtain sodium fluoride ethoxide, which is reacted with isopropyl iodide. Then, it was oxidized with an oxidizing agent, and the oxide was obtained by distillation purification.
- a solar battery cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an electrolytic solution was prepared using the obtained fluoroethylisopropylsulfone instead of ethylisopropylsulfone.
- Example 7 A solar battery cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide was used instead of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide to prepare an electrolytic solution.
- Example 8 A solar cell was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide was used instead of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide to prepare an electrolyte.
- Example 9 A solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an electrolytic solution was prepared using 1-methyl-3-methoxymethylimidazolium iodide instead of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide. .
- Example 10 A solar battery cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1-ethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide was used instead of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide to prepare an electrolytic solution.
- Example 11 A solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium iodide was used instead of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide to prepare an electrolytic solution.
- Example 12 A solar battery cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide was used instead of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide to prepare an electrolytic solution.
- Example 13 A solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an electrolytic solution was prepared using 1-methyl-3-methoxyhexylimidazolium iodide instead of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide. .
- Comparative Example 1 A solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electrolyte was prepared using ethylene glycol dimethyl ether instead of ethyl isopropyl sulfone.
- Comparative Example 2 A solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electrolyte was prepared using N, N-dimethylformamide instead of ethylisopropylsulfone.
- Comparative Example 3 A solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that ⁇ -butyrolactone was used instead of ethyl isopropyl sulfone.
- Comparative Example 4 A solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that propylene carbonate was used instead of ethyl isopropyl sulfone.
- Comparative Example 5 A solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that dimethyl sulfoxide was used instead of ethyl isopropyl sulfone.
- Comparative Example 6 A solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that sulfolane was used instead of ethyl isopropyl sulfone.
- Comparative Example 7 A solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that acetonitrile was used instead of ethyl isopropyl sulfone.
- Comparative Example 8 A solar cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that methoxypropionitrile was used instead of ethyl isopropyl sulfone.
- Comparative Example 9 The same procedure as in Example 1 was conducted except that 1,3-dimethylimidazolium iodide was used instead of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide and acetonitrile was used instead of ethylisopropylsulfone. A solar battery cell was manufactured.
- Example 1 and Example 1 were prepared except that 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide was used instead of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, and acetonitrile was used instead of ethylisopropylsulfone. Similarly, a solar battery cell was produced.
- Example 1 and Example 1 were prepared except that 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide was used instead of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, and acetonitrile was used instead of ethylisopropylsulfone. Similarly, a solar battery cell was produced.
- Test example 1 ⁇ Measurement of photoelectric conversion characteristics of solar cells>
- the dye-sensitized solar cells prepared in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 were mounted with a light irradiation area defining mask with a 5 mm square window at ⁇ 25 ° C. and 25 ° C.
- a solar simulator manufactured by Spectrometer Co., Ltd.
- irradiating simulated sunlight with the light intensity adjusted at a light intensity of 100 mW / cm 2 and AM 1.5 and using an open-circuit voltage (AC voltage generator) made by ADC
- AC voltage generator open-circuit voltage
- Jsc short circuit current density
- FF form factor
- photoelectric conversion efficiency photoelectric conversion efficiency
- the light having an irradiation intensity of 100 mW / cm 2 was irradiated for 1000 h under the condition of 85 ° C. and 85% RH, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency immediately after the start of irradiation and after 1000 hours passed was measured at 25 ° C.
- Test example 2 ⁇ Measurement of photoelectric conversion characteristics of solar cells>
- the initial conversion efficiency at 25 ° C. and the conversion efficiency after 1000 h light irradiation were measured in the same manner as in Test Example 1. I did it. The results are shown in Table 2.
- an electrolyte solution using an imidazolium iodide having the chain sulfone of the present invention as a solvent and an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkyl group as a substituent is dye-sensitized solar.
- imidazolium iodide in which the total number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group or alkoxyalkyl group is 2 to 4 extremely high conversion efficiency can be obtained. It was shown to be obtained.
- the electrolyte solution of the present invention is excellent in low temperature characteristics and has high stability without generating gas or volatilizing under high temperature conditions or light irradiation. Therefore, the electrolyte solution for dye-sensitized solar cells Can be suitably used.
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Abstract
Description
電極基体1を構成する透明基体2は、可視光を透過するものが使用でき、透明なガラスが好適に利用できる。また、ガラス表面を加工して入射光を散乱させるようにしたもの、半透明なすりガラス状のものも使用できる。また、ガラスに限らず、光を透過するものであればプラスチック板やプラスチックフィルム等も使用できる。
透明導電膜3としては、可視光を透過して、かつ導電性を有するものが使用でき、このような材料としては、例えば金属酸化物が挙げられる。特に限定はされないが、例えばフッ素をドープした酸化スズ(以下、「FTO」と略記する。)や、酸化インジウム、ITO、アンチモンをドープした酸化スズ(以下、「ATO」と略記する。)、酸化亜鉛等を好適に用いることができる。
多孔質金属酸化物半導体層4を形成する金属酸化物半導体としては、従来公知のものが使用できる。即ち、Ti、Nb、Zn、Sn、Zr、Y、La、Taなどの遷移金属の酸化物の他、SrTiO3、CaTiO3などのペロブスカイト系酸化物などが挙げられる。特に限定はされないが、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化スズ等が挙げられ、特に二酸化チタン、さらにはアナターゼ型二酸化チタンが好適である。
増感色素層5を構成する増感色素としては、太陽光により励起されて前記金属酸化物半導体層4に電子注入できるものであればよく、一般的に色素増感太陽電池に用いられている色素を用いることができるが、変換効率を向上させるためには、その吸収スペクトルが太陽光スペクトルと広波長域で重なっていて、耐光性が高いことが望ましい。
増感色素は、特に限定はされないが、ルテニウム錯体、特にルテニウムポリピリジン系錯体が望ましく、さらに望ましいのは、Ru(L)(L’)(X)2で表されるルテニウム錯体である。ここでLは4,4’-ジカルボキシ-2,2’-ビピリジン、もしくはその4級アンモニウム塩及びカルボキシル基が導入されたポリピリジン系配位子であり、L’はLと同一、もしくは4,4’-置換2,2’-ビピリジンであり、L’の4,4’位の置換基は、長鎖アルキル基、アルキル置換ビニルチエニル基、アルキル又はアルコキシ置換スチリル基、チエニル基誘導体などが挙げられる。また、XはSCN、Cl、CNである。例えば、ビス(4,4’-ジカルボキシ-2,2’-ビピリジン)ジイソチオシアネートルテニウム錯体等が挙げられる。
上記電極基体1、多孔質金属酸化物半導体層4および増感色素層5から構成される半導体電極6に対向して、カソード電極である対極8が電解質層7およびスペーサー11を介して配置される。
太陽電池の内部抵抗を小さくするため対極の基体9は電気伝導度が高いことが望ましい。また、上記のように電解質中に酸化還元対としてハロゲン分子およびハロゲン化合物を用いている場合には、該導電性の電極基体9には電解液に対する耐蝕性が高い材質を用いることが望ましい。
導電性の電極基体9の表面に担持される触媒材料は、電解質層7中に含まれる酸化還元対として含まれるハロゲン化合物等の酸化体を還元体に十分な速度で還元することができればよく、具体的には、例えば三ヨウ化物アニオン(I3 -)をヨウ化物アニオン(I-)に、もしくは臭化物アニオン(Br3 -)を三臭化物アニオン(Br-)に還元することができれば特に限定はされず、既知の物質が使用できるが、例えば、遷移金属、導電性高分子材料、又は炭素材料等を好適に用いることができる。
その形状は、用いる触媒の種類により異なるため特には限定されない。上述の触媒材料のうち少なくとも1種類以上からなる触媒材料を、電極基体9の表面に設けて触媒活性層10を形成することができる。あるいは電極基体9を構成する材料の中へ上記触媒材料を組み込むことも可能である。
スペーサー11は、半導体電極と対極が接触して短絡することのないように電極間距離を制御・固定するものであり、電解液、または熱・光などにより劣化しない材質であれば特には限定されず既知の材料を任意の形状で用いることができる。材質としては例えば、ガラスやセラミック材料、フッ素系樹脂や光硬化性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂などが挙げられる。また、周辺シール部12中に、微小なガラスやセラミック材料などを混合するなどの方法で周辺シール部がスペーサーを兼ねることもできる。
周辺シール部12は、本発明の電解液が漏洩しないよう、半導体電極と対極を貼合せて封止するものであり、電解液、または熱・光などにより劣化しない材質であれば特に制限されない。熱可塑性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂、紫外線硬化樹脂、電子線硬化樹脂、金属、ゴム等を例示することができる。
以下のようにして電解液の調製および色素増感太陽電池の作製を行った。
1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物0.6mol/l、4-tert-ブチルピリジン0.5mol/l、ヨウ化リチウム0.1mol/l、ヨウ素0.05mol/lの割合でエチルイソプロピルスルホン(住友精化(株)社製)に溶解して電解液を調製した。
透明導電膜付きの透明基体としてFTOガラス(日本板ガラス製25mm×50mm)を用い、その表面に酸化チタンペースト(日揮触媒化成工業株式会社製チタニアペースト PST-18NR)を、スクリーン印刷による印刷工程と90℃30分の乾燥工程とを3回繰り返して重ね塗りした後、大気雰囲気下500℃で60分間焼成することで15μm前後の厚さの多孔質酸化チタン層を形成させた。さらに、前記多孔質酸化チタン層の上に、酸化チタンペースト(日揮触媒化成工業株式会社製チタニアペースト PST-400C)をスクリーン印刷で重ね塗りした後、同様に焼成を行なって、20μm前後の厚さとした多孔質金属酸化物半導体層を完成させ、多孔質酸化チタン半導体電極とした。
増感色素として、一般にN3dyeと呼ばれるビス(4,4’-ジカルボキシ-2,2’-ビピリジン)ジイソチオシアネートルテニウム錯体(Solaronix社製)を使用した。80℃にした前記多孔質酸化チタン半導体電極を、色素濃度0.5mmol/Lのアセトニトリル・t-ブチルアルコール(1:1)混合溶液中でゆっくりと振盪させながら遮光下48時間浸漬させた。その後脱水アセトニトリルにて余分な色素を洗浄してから風乾することで、太陽電池の光電極(アノード電極)として完成させた。
対極として、アンカー層として、スパッタ法によりガラス基板上にTi(膜厚50nm)を成膜したのち、該Ti層上にスパッタ法によりPt(膜厚150nm)を成膜させた白金対極(ジオマテック製)を使用した。
前記のように作製した光電極と、電気ドリルで0.6mmφの電解液注入孔を2個設けた対極を対向するよう設置し、両電極間に、スペーサーとして厚み50μmのFEP樹脂シートと、スペーサーの外周に熱可塑性シート(Dupont製 bynel、膜厚50μm)を重ならないように挟み、熱圧着する事により両電極を接着した。次に、前記のように作製した電解液を電解液注入孔から毛管現象にて両電極間に含浸させ、電解液注入孔上に可塑性シートを挟んで1mm厚のガラス板を置き、再度加熱圧着することで封止を実施し、太陽電池セルを作製した。
エチルイソプロピルスルホンに代えてエチルイソブチルスルホン(住友精化(株)社製)を用いて電解液を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
エチルイソプロピルスルホンに代えてイソプロピルイソブチルスルホン(住友精化(株)社製)を用いて電解液を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
(メトキシエチルイソプロピルスルホンの調製)
メトキシエチルイソプロピルスルホンは、まず臭化メトキシエチルと硫化水素ナトリウムを反応させてメトキシエチルメルカプタンを得、それを蒸留精製後に金属ナトリウムと反応させてナトリウムメトキシチオエトキシドに変換し、それをヨウ化イソプロピルと反応させた後に酸化剤にて酸化し、酸化物を蒸留精製して得た。
エチルイソプロピルスルホンに代えて、得られたメトキシエチルイソプロピルスルホンを用いて電解液を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
(フェニルイソプロピルスルホンの調製)
フェニルイソプロピルスルホンは、フェニルメルカプタンを金属ナトリウムと反応させてナトリウムチオフェノキシドを得、それをヨウ化イソプロピルと反応させた後に酸化剤にて酸化し、酸化物を蒸留精製して得た。
エチルイソプロピルスルホンに代えて、得られたフェニルイソプロピルスルホンを用いて電解液を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
(フルオロエチルイソプロピルスルホンの調製)
フルオロエチルイソプロピルスルホンは、まずエチルメルカプタンをフッ素ガスと反応させた後に蒸留精製を行ってフッ化エチルメルカプタンとし、それを金属ナトリウムと反応させてナトリウムフッ化エトキシドを得、それをヨウ化イソプロピルと反応させた後に酸化剤にて酸化し、酸化物を蒸留精製して得た。
エチルイソプロピルスルホンに代えて、得られたフルオロエチルイソプロピルスルホンを用いて電解液を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物に代えて、1,3-ジメチルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物を用いて電解液を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物に代えて、1-メチル-3-プロピルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物を用いて電解液を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物に代えて、1-メチル-3-メトキシメチルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物を用いて電解液を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物に代えて、1-エチル-3-プロピルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物を用いて電解液を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物に代えて、1-メチル-3-ブチルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物を用いて電解液を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物に代えて、1-ヘキシル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物を用いて電解液を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物に代えて、1-メチル-3-メトキシヘキシルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物を用いて電解液を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
エチルイソプロピルスルホンに代えてエチレングリコールジメチルエーテルを用いて電解液を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
エチルイソプロピルスルホンに代えてN,N-ジメチルホルムアミドを用いて電解液を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
エチルイソプロピルスルホンに代えてγ-ブチロラクトンを用いて調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
エチルイソプロピルスルホンに代えてプロピレンカーボネートを用いて調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
エチルイソプロピルスルホンに代えてジメチルスルホキシドを用いて調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
エチルイソプロピルスルホンに代えてスルホランを用いて調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
エチルイソプロピルスルホンに代えてアセトニトリルを用いて調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
エチルイソプロピルスルホンに代えてメトキシプロピオニトリルを用いて調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物に代えて1,3-ジメチルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物を、また、エチルイソプロピルスルホンに代えてアセトニトリルを用いて電解液を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物に代えて1-メチル-3-プロピルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物を、また、エチルイソプロピルスルホンに代えてアセトニトリルを用いて電解液を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物に代えて1-ヘキシル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムヨウ化物を、また、エチルイソプロピルスルホンに代えてアセトニトリルを用いて電解液を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして太陽電池セルを作製した。
<太陽電池セルの光電変換特性の測定>
実施例1~6および比較例1~8で作製した色素増感太陽電池に対し、-25℃および25℃にて、5mm角の窓をつけた光照射面積規定用マスクを装着させた上で、分光計器製ソーラシュミレータを用い、光量100mW/cm2、AM1.5の条件で光源の照射強度を調整した擬似太陽光を照射しながら、エーディーシー製直流電圧電流発生装置を用いて開放電圧(以下、「Voc」と略記する。)、短絡電流密度(以下、「Jsc」と略記する。)、形状因子(以下、「FF」と略記する。)、及び光電変換効率を評価した。「Voc」、「Jsc」、「FF」及び光電変換効率の各測定値については、より大きい値が太陽電池セルの性能として好ましいことを表す。
<太陽電池セルの光電変換特性の測定>
実施例1、7~13および比較例7、9~11で作製した色素増感太陽電池に対し、25℃における初期変換効率と1000h光照射後の変換効率の測定を試験例1と同様にして行なった。結果を表2に示す。
これに対し、上記鎖状スルホン溶媒に代えて、従来から用いられているアセトニトリルを溶媒として用いた比較例7および9~11の電解液では、初期の変換効率は高い数値を示すものの、耐久性は著しく低いため実用に耐えられるものではなかった。さらにアセトニトリルを溶媒とした場合、初期の変換効率はイミダゾリウムカチオンのアルキル基の炭素数によって変化せず、いずれのイミダゾリウムカチオンでも同等の変換効率であり、イミダゾリウムカチオンの置換基炭素数依存性は認められないが、本発明における鎖状スルホンを溶媒として用いた場合には、イミダゾリウムカチオンの置換基炭素数依存性が存在することが示された。
2 透明基体
3 透明導電膜
4 多孔質金属酸化物半導体層
5 増感色素層
6 半導体電極
7 電解質層
8 対極
9 電極基体
10 触媒活性層
11 スペーサー
12 周縁シール部
Claims (10)
- 一般式(1)中のR1およびR2が、ハロゲン、アルコキシ基若しくは芳香環で一部置換されていても良い炭素数1~12のアルキル基であって、それぞれのアルキル基の炭素数の合計が5以上である請求項1記載の色素増感太陽電池用電解液。
- さらに酸化還元性の電解質として、ハロゲンイオンを対イオンとするハロゲン化合物およびハロゲン分子を含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の色素増感太陽電池用電解液。
- 一般式(2)中のR3およびR4が、炭素数1~3のアルキル基であって、それぞれのアルキル基の炭素数の合計が2~4である請求項4記載の色素増感太陽電池用電解液。
- ハロゲン化合物の濃度が0.1~4.0mol/Lである請求項3ないし5のいずれかの項記載の色素増感太陽電池用電解液。
- ハロゲン化合物がヨウ化物塩で、ハロゲン分子がヨウ素である請求項3ないし6のいずれかの項記載の色素増感太陽電池用電解液。
- 請求項1ないし7のいずれかの項に記載の色素増感太陽電池用電解液を含有することを特徴とする色素増感太陽電池。
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PCT/JP2011/051265 WO2011093253A1 (ja) | 2010-01-28 | 2011-01-25 | 色素増感太陽電池用電解液およびこれを利用した色素増感太陽電池 |
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US (1) | US20120301992A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2530779B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5204317B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101781062B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102725905B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011093253A1 (ja) |
Cited By (11)
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JP2012059686A (ja) * | 2010-08-13 | 2012-03-22 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 電解液及び光電変換素子 |
CN102509631A (zh) * | 2011-10-28 | 2012-06-20 | 重庆大学 | 制作不锈钢基底染料敏化太阳能电池的方法 |
JP2013054879A (ja) * | 2011-09-02 | 2013-03-21 | Japan Carlit Co Ltd:The | 色素増感太陽電池用電解液およびそれを用いた色素増感太陽電池 |
JP2013149491A (ja) * | 2012-01-19 | 2013-08-01 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 電解液及び光電変換素子 |
US20130206235A1 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2013-08-15 | The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. | Electrolyte for photoelectric conversion element, and photoelectric conversion element and dye-sensitized solar cell using same |
JP2013157233A (ja) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-08-15 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 電解質ゲル及び光電変換素子 |
JP2014192111A (ja) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-06 | Carlit Holdings Co Ltd | 色素増感太陽電池用電解液およびこれを利用した色素増感太陽電池 |
JP2014529895A (ja) * | 2011-08-25 | 2014-11-13 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングMerck Patent Gesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung | 色素増感太陽電池のための添加剤 |
JP2014238969A (ja) * | 2013-06-07 | 2014-12-18 | シャープ株式会社 | 太陽電池 |
JP2016004934A (ja) * | 2014-06-18 | 2016-01-12 | カーリットホールディングス株式会社 | 色素増感太陽電池用電解液及びそれを用いた色素増感太陽電池 |
WO2016171153A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-21 | 2016-10-27 | 住友精化株式会社 | 色素増感太陽電池および色素増感太陽電池用電解液 |
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- 2011-01-25 KR KR1020127021911A patent/KR101781062B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2011-01-25 WO PCT/JP2011/051265 patent/WO2011093253A1/ja active Application Filing
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012059686A (ja) * | 2010-08-13 | 2012-03-22 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 電解液及び光電変換素子 |
US20130206235A1 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2013-08-15 | The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. | Electrolyte for photoelectric conversion element, and photoelectric conversion element and dye-sensitized solar cell using same |
US8957305B2 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2015-02-17 | The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. | Electrolyte for photoelectric conversion element, and photoelectric conversion element and dye-sensitized solar cell using same |
JP2014529895A (ja) * | 2011-08-25 | 2014-11-13 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングMerck Patent Gesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung | 色素増感太陽電池のための添加剤 |
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JP2013149491A (ja) * | 2012-01-19 | 2013-08-01 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 電解液及び光電変換素子 |
JP2013157233A (ja) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-08-15 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 電解質ゲル及び光電変換素子 |
JP2014192111A (ja) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-06 | Carlit Holdings Co Ltd | 色素増感太陽電池用電解液およびこれを利用した色素増感太陽電池 |
JP2014238969A (ja) * | 2013-06-07 | 2014-12-18 | シャープ株式会社 | 太陽電池 |
JP2016004934A (ja) * | 2014-06-18 | 2016-01-12 | カーリットホールディングス株式会社 | 色素増感太陽電池用電解液及びそれを用いた色素増感太陽電池 |
WO2016171153A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-21 | 2016-10-27 | 住友精化株式会社 | 色素増感太陽電池および色素増感太陽電池用電解液 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20120301992A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
CN102725905B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
KR101781062B1 (ko) | 2017-09-25 |
JP5204317B2 (ja) | 2013-06-05 |
EP2530779B1 (en) | 2019-08-14 |
KR20120130101A (ko) | 2012-11-28 |
EP2530779A4 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
EP2530779A1 (en) | 2012-12-05 |
JPWO2011093253A1 (ja) | 2013-06-06 |
CN102725905A (zh) | 2012-10-10 |
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