WO2011058981A1 - リチウム二次電池用負極及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用負極及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011058981A1 WO2011058981A1 PCT/JP2010/069966 JP2010069966W WO2011058981A1 WO 2011058981 A1 WO2011058981 A1 WO 2011058981A1 JP 2010069966 W JP2010069966 W JP 2010069966W WO 2011058981 A1 WO2011058981 A1 WO 2011058981A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G49/06—Ferric oxide (Fe2O3)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery using ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 particles accompanied by a conversion electrode reaction and a method for producing the same.
- ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 which is inexpensive and has a low environmental load has been proposed. Since ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 takes a reaction called a conversion electrode reaction shown in the following formula (1), its theoretical capacity is 1007 mAh / g, which is about three times as high as that of a conventional carbon material as a negative electrode material.
- a negative electrode active material for example, a negative electrode active material, a conductive aid, and a binder solution are mixed to prepare a paste having an appropriate viscosity.
- conductive carbon is used as the conductive assistant
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the binder binder
- the prepared paste is thinly applied onto a copper foil used as a current collector, heated in a vacuum at 120 to 170 ° C., dried and pressed to form a current collector and the current collector.
- a negative electrode composed of an electrode layer is produced.
- the binding force of PVdF used as the binder is not sufficient in the conventional heat treatment, and ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 generated during charging and discharging is not sufficient. Due to the large volume expansion of the electrode layer, the electrode layer was peeled off from the interface between the current collector and the electrode layer, or excessive cracks were generated in the electrode layer, leading to significant capacity deterioration in several cycles.
- PVdF used as a binder swells due to permeation of an electrolytic solution. Specifically, it is generally known that the electrode layer swells by about 10% in the thickness direction with respect to the thickness of the electrode layer before the electrode is immersed in the electrolytic solution. There is a concern that the binding properties may be insufficient due to such a phenomenon, and this is a factor that further accelerates the electrode collapse. In addition, the swelling of the binder deteriorates the contact (adhesion) between the current collector and the active material powder and the contact between the active material powders. As a result, there is a problem that sufficient performance is not exhibited.
- Patent Document 1 has problems such as difficulty in electrode preparation due to particle aggregation, capacity reduction due to reduction in electrode reaction area, and excessive electrochemical reaction with the electrolyte, leading to capacity reduction. was there.
- binder in place of conventional PVdF, a polyesteramide oligomer having two or more functional groups selected from a carboxyl group, an amino group and a hydroxyl group in the molecular chain, and a binder polymer comprising diisocyanate Is dissolved and dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, the binder polymer is dissolved by heating at 140 to 180 ° C. for 1 to 3 hours, and then stirred at 2 to 10 ° C./hour.
- a method for producing a binder that is cooled at a temperature lowering rate is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 2).
- the binder obtained by the method described in Patent Document 2 does not cause sedimentation when the active material is mixed, has no cracks in the electrode coating film, has excellent adhesion to the metal foil, and has a long time. There is no change in the viscosity of the solution, it does not adversely affect the applicability during battery production, it can be suitably used as a power source for mobile electronic devices, etc., has high capacity, excellent charge / discharge characteristics, and long-term It is said that the capacity maintenance rate is high even in repeated use.
- JP 2008-204777 A (Claim 1, paragraph [0017])
- JP 2000-294246 A (Claim 1, paragraphs [0007] and [0096])
- the binder disclosed in the above-mentioned conventional patent document 2 does not assume that ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 particles having a large volume expansion at the time of charge / discharge are used as an active material. Even the adhering agent has not sufficiently improved electrical characteristics such as charge / discharge cycle characteristics when ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 particles are used as an active material.
- the object of the present invention is to maintain high adhesion between the current collector and the electrode layer when using ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 as an active material, which is inexpensive, has a low environmental load, and has a high theoretical capacity.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery and a method for producing the same that can achieve both improvement and increase in capacity.
- a first aspect of the present invention is a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery comprising a current collector and an electrode layer formed on the current collector and including at least a negative electrode active material, a conductive additive and a binder component.
- the negative electrode active material is ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 particles accompanied by a conversion electrode reaction
- the binder component is polyamic acid (polyamic acid) and a part thereof imidized.
- a second aspect of the present invention is an invention based on the first aspect, and is characterized in that the binder component concentration of the electrode layer is further reduced as the distance from the current collector increases.
- the third aspect of the present invention is an invention based on the first or second aspect, characterized in that the content of the binder component constituting the electrode layer is 3 to 20% by mass.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is a lithium secondary battery using a negative electrode based on the first to third aspects.
- a slurry containing at least a negative electrode active material, a conductive additive, a binder and a solvent is applied onto a current collector, and the current collector having a coating film is vacuum-dried and pressed to obtain a current collector.
- a method for producing a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery in which an electrode layer containing at least a negative electrode active material, a conductive additive and a binder component is formed on an electric body ⁇ -Fe 2 accompanied by a conversion electrode reaction as a negative electrode active material constituting a slurry
- the binder component concentration in the electrode layer formed on the current collector decreases as the distance from the current collector increases.
- a part of the binder is imidized by vacuum drying and pressing, and the binder component contained in the electrode layer is polyamic acid (polyamic acid) and part thereof imidized. .
- the sixth aspect of the present invention is an invention based on the fifth aspect, and is characterized in that the content ratio of the binder component constituting the electrode layer is 3 to 20% by mass.
- the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery of the present invention comprises a current collector and an electrode layer formed on the current collector and including at least a negative electrode active material, a conductive additive and a binder component. It is ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 particles accompanied by a conversion electrode reaction, and the binder component is polyamic acid (polyamic acid) and a part thereof imidized.
- polyamic acid polyamic acid
- a part thereof are imidized as a binder component
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the binder content and the discharge capacity in the lithium secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 4. It is a figure which shows the charging / discharging efficiency (Coulomb efficiency) in the lithium secondary battery of Example 1. It is a figure which shows the charging / discharging efficiency (Coulomb efficiency) in the lithium secondary battery of Examples 5 and 6.
- FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph on the negative electrode surface of Example 2.
- FIG. 6 is an electron micrograph of the negative electrode surface of Example 3.
- FIG. 6 is an electron micrograph of the negative electrode surface of Example 4.
- FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph of the negative electrode surface of Example 1.
- a negative electrode 10 for a lithium secondary battery includes a current collector 11 and an electrode layer formed on the current collector 11 and including at least a negative electrode active material 12a, a conductive additive, and a binder component. 12.
- the ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 particles used as the negative electrode active material 12a are metal oxides that are inexpensive, have a low environmental load, and are environmentally friendly, and are referred to as the conversion electrode reaction represented by the above formula (1). Because of the reaction, the theoretical capacity is 1007 mAh / g, which is an excellent material that can achieve a capacity approximately three times as high as that of carbon materials that are conventionally used as a negative electrode material. On the other hand, ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 particles undergo a volume expansion of about twice as much as the electrode reaction, and conventionally, various problems have occurred due to the volume expansion.
- PVdF which has been generally used as a binder component conventionally, cannot be said to have a sufficient binding force by conventional heat treatment, and due to the large volume expansion of ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 generated during charging, The electrode layer peeled off from the interface with the electrode layer, or excessive cracks were generated in the electrode layer, resulting in significant capacity deterioration in several cycles. Further, it is known that the electrolyte swells due to permeation of the electrolytic solution, and it is feared that the binding property becomes insufficient due to such a phenomenon, which has been a factor for further accelerating the electrode collapse. In addition, the swelling of the binder deteriorates the contact (adhesion) between the current collector and the active material powder and the contact between the active material powders. As a result, there is a problem that sufficient performance is not exhibited.
- polyamic acid polyamic acid
- a part thereof imidized are used as a binder component. To do.
- the polyamic acid used as the binder component and a part thereof imidized have higher flexibility and higher binding properties than the PVdF generally used as the binder component in the past, and are durable. It exhibits excellent properties such as excellent elasticity and low swelling by the electrolyte.
- the swelling by the electrolytic solution is small, the penetration of the electrolytic solution can be suppressed or suppressed, and the deterioration due to the swelling of the electrode layer by the electrolytic solution can be suppressed. .
- the electrode Since the collapse of the layer structure can be suppressed, the cycle characteristics are improved as compared with the conventional case, and the excellent adhesion between the current collector and the electrode layer and the contact between the electrode layer constituting materials can be maintained for a long time.
- the electrode layer 12 is more durable and elastic than the case of using only polyamic acid. To have sex.
- the electrode layer 12 From the viewpoint of durability of the electrode layer 12, it is ideal to use a material in which all of the polyamic acid is imidized in the binder component constituting the electrode layer 12, but the imidized polyamic acid is used. Since it is hardly soluble in organic solvents and difficult to handle, it cannot be directly contained in the electrode layer in this imidized state.
- a polyamic acid solution in which polyamic acid is dissolved in a solvent is used, a coating material containing the polyamic acid solution is applied onto a current collector to form a coated film, and the current collector further includes a coated film. It is conceivable to use a technique in which the polyamic acid in the film is imidized by heating the body.
- the polyamic acid is imidized by heating at 120 to 200 ° C., which is a general negative electrode preparation condition.
- the electrode layer can be more durable and elastic.
- the imidization ratio is 0.3 to 30%.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is used as a solvent, and a polyamic acid is dissolved in this solvent to prepare a polyamic acid solution.
- the prepared polyamic acid solution is then dried at about 80 ° C. to remove the solvent almost completely.
- thermogravimetric (TG) analysis is performed using this as a sample under the conditions of an inert atmosphere, a temperature rising rate of 5 to 20 ° C./min, and a temperature range of room temperature to 500 ° C.
- a TG curve as shown in FIG. 2 is obtained.
- the weight at the end of the measurement is confirmed to be about 10% lower than the initial weight.
- the weight reduction rate at the end of the measurement is defined as 100% imidation of the polyamic acid contained in the sample and is defined as 100%, and the heating temperature at the time of producing the negative electrode is shown in FIG.
- the imidation rate is obtained indirectly using a TG curve.
- FIG. 1 For example, when a slurry containing polyamic acid is applied onto a current collector to form a coating film, and the current collector having this coating film is heated at 120 ° C. to produce a negative electrode, FIG. From the TG curve shown, a weight loss rate of just over 0.2% is determined at 120 ° C. From the ratio of the weight reduction rate when the imidization rate is 100%, it is derived that the imidization rate by heating at 120 ° C. is about 2%.
- the electrode layer 12 is configured such that the binder component concentration of the electrode layer 12 decreases as the distance from the current collector increases. That is, the current collector 11 side of the electrode layer 12 is a region having a high binder component ratio, and the electrolyte solution side of the electrode layer 12 is a region having a low binder component ratio.
- the region of the electrode layer 12 excluding the active material particles 12a is represented by shading, the dark region is represented by a dense binder component ratio, and the light color region is represented by a sparse binder component region. Yes.
- the electrode layer 12 By configuring the electrode layer 12 as described above, in a region where the binder component ratio on the electrolyte solution side is sparse, a lithium ion conductivity path can be secured by improving the electrolyte permeability, and the electrode reaction area is increased. Expected to improve capacity. Further, in the region where the binder component ratio on the current collector 11 side is dense, the flexibility and binding property is high, and it is strong and elastic, and the electrode from the interface between the current collector and the electrode layer Peeling of the layer can be further prevented.
- the content ratio of the binder component constituting the electrode layer 12 is preferably 3 to 20% by mass.
- the content of the binder component is particularly preferably 8 to 15% by mass.
- the content ratio of the binder component is within the above range because it is a ratio suitable for achieving a discharge capacity close to the theoretical value of the ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 particles used as the active material 12a. If the binder component content is less than the lower limit, the adhesion of the electrode layer 12 is reduced, and therefore the risk of peeling of the electrode layer from the current collector increases, and the binder component content exceeds the upper limit.
- an excessive amount of the binder component causes the region on the electrolyte layer side of the electrode layer 12 to be covered with the binder component, which excessively inhibits the movement of lithium ions from the electrolyte solution, resulting in a sudden capacity drop. Will be invited.
- a slurry containing at least a negative electrode active material, a conductive additive, a binder and a solvent is prepared.
- ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 particles accompanied by a conversion electrode reaction are used as the negative electrode active material constituting the slurry.
- the ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 particles are preferably fine particles having an average particle size of 300 to 500 nm.
- ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 fine particles having an average particle diameter of 300 to 500 nm are produced by a method such as a solution method or a mechanical milling method.
- ком ⁇ онент polyamic acid (polyamic acid) which is a polyimide precursor is used.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- xylene is used as the solvent.
- a predetermined amount of a conductive additive is mixed with the negative electrode active material, and a binder solution in which a binder is dissolved in a solvent is added to the mixed powder and mixed to prepare a slurry.
- the blending ratio of the negative electrode active material, the conductive assistant and the binder is appropriately adjusted so that the content ratio of the binder component constituting the finally obtained electrode layer is 3 to 20% by mass.
- the content ratio of the binder component is less than the lower limit, the adhesion of the electrode layer in the finally obtained negative electrode is reduced, and the risk of peeling of the electrode layer from the current collector is increased.
- the slurry is adjusted to a low viscosity of 2 to 3 Pa ⁇ s at room temperature.
- the solvent is further added to the prepared slurry to adjust the viscosity.
- a low-viscosity slurry is a binder component of an electrode layer that is formed on a current collector by causing spontaneous sedimentation of the binder in the film when the slurry is applied onto the current collector to form a coating film. This is because the concentration decreases as the distance from the current collector increases.
- the viscosity of the slurry is less than the lower limit, it is difficult to form a coating film having a desired thickness.
- the slurry When the viscosity of the slurry exceeds the upper limit, the slurry is applied on the current collector to form a coating film.
- the binder does not easily settle in the film, and the current collector side of the electrode layer does not become a dense region of the binder component, resulting in insufficient adhesion between the current collector and the electrode layer. It is easy to cause peeling of the electrode layer from the interface between the electrode layer and the electrode layer in the heat treatment stage.
- the adjusted low-viscosity slurry is applied onto the current collector to form a coating film.
- the current collector copper foil, nickel, stainless steel or the like is used.
- the low-viscosity slurry is applied by a doctor blade method, an inkjet method, or the like.
- the thickness of the coating film is appropriately adjusted so that the thickness of the electrode layer in the finally obtained negative electrode is 10 to 30 ⁇ m.
- a slurry adjusted to a relatively low viscosity at room temperature has a high binder fluidity.
- spontaneous precipitation of the binder occurs in the film.
- the binder flow due to natural sedimentation makes it easier for the binder to reach the current collector side.
- the lower coating film on the current collector side has a higher binder ratio, and the upper coating film on the electrolyte side has a lower binder ratio. .
- the binder component of the finally obtained electrode layer is made dense by utilizing the natural sedimentation phenomenon of the binder contained in the slurry. Make it a structured.
- the current collector having the coating film is vacuum-dried and pressed to form an electrode layer containing at least a negative electrode active material, a conductive assistant and a binder component on the current collector.
- a part of the polyamic acid in the film is imidized, and the binder component contained in the electrode layer is a polyamic acid and a part thereof imidized.
- Vacuum drying is performed at 100 to 250 ° C, preferably 120 ° C.
- the pressing is performed at 3 to 30 MPa, preferably 7 to 20 MPa.
- the imidization ratio of the binder component in the electrode layer formed by vacuum drying at 100 to 250 ° C. is 0.5 to 60%.
- the thickness of the electrode layer 12 to be formed is preferably 10 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the thinner the electrode layer the better the tendency of exhibiting cycle characteristics. That is, when the distance from the contact surface with the electrolyte to the interface between the current collector and the electrode layer is short, the binder that is freely present on the surface of the active material particles or in the coating film flows to the current collector side by natural sedimentation. This is presumed to fill the region near the current collector-side interface.
- the negative electrode for lithium secondary batteries of the present invention is not limited to the above method, and for example, by using a slurry having a different binder content or a slurry having a different viscosity, it is possible to form a dense structure by repeatedly applying and drying. It is possible to do. However, when manufacturing by the said method, a manufacturing process becomes complicated and it becomes disadvantageous in manufacturing cost.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention uses the above-described negative electrode as a constituent member. That is, the elements of a known lithium secondary battery can be used as they are except that the negative electrode of the present invention is used. Although there are various shapes such as a coin shape, a button shape, a cylindrical shape, and an all solid shape, a known shape can be employed as it is.
- lithium metal lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ), lithium manganate (LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 ), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ), etc.
- the separator a polyolefin-based porous film, a nonwoven fabric, or the like can be used.
- electrolyte a conventionally known electrolytic solution or solid electrolyte can be used.
- electrolytes such as lithium perchlorate and lithium hexafluorophosphate can be dissolved in ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and the like.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- siloxane, vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, etc. which are organosilicon compounds to electrolyte solution can be used.
- the lithium secondary battery thus obtained uses ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 as an active material, it is inexpensive and has a low environmental impact, and a polyamic acid and a part thereof imidized as a binder component. Used, the binder component concentration in the electrode layer decreases as the distance from the current collector increases, maintaining high adhesion between the current collector and the electrode layer, excellent cycle characteristics, and higher capacity it can.
- copper foil is used as a negative electrode current collector, ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 fine particles having an average particle diameter of about 300 nm prepared by a mechanical milling method as a negative electrode active material, acetylene black (AB) as a conductive additive, and N as a solvent.
- Polymethyl acid (polyamic acid) which is a precursor of polyimide, was prepared using -methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a binder.
- a predetermined amount of a conductive additive is mixed with the negative electrode active material, and a binder solution having a viscosity of about 5 Pa ⁇ s at a room temperature and a density of about 1.1 g / cc is added to the mixed powder. did. Further, a solvent was added to adjust the viscosity to a low viscosity of about 2.5 Pa ⁇ s at room temperature.
- the ratio of the negative electrode active material, AB, and binder (solid product from polyamic acid (polyamic acid)) constituting the negative electrode layer finally obtained was a mass ratio, and the ratio shown in the following Table 1.
- the adjusted low-viscosity slurry is applied on the current collector to a desired thickness by a doctor blade method to form a coating film, and the current collector having this coating film is vacuum-dried at 120 ° C. (heat treatment)
- the negative electrode comprised from the electrical power collector and the electrode layer formed on this electrical power collector was obtained by pressing by the pressure of 8 MPa.
- the thickness of the electrode layer in the obtained negative electrode was 10 to 30 ⁇ m.
- all of the imidization rates of Examples 1 to 4 were about 2%. .
- reference numeral 21 is a negative electrode
- reference numeral 22 is a counter lithium metal
- reference numeral 23 is a separator impregnated with an electrolyte
- reference numeral 24 is a metal outer can also serving as a negative electrode terminal
- reference numeral 25 is a sealing plate also serving as a counter electrode terminal
- Reference numeral 26 denotes a gasket, which is a separator impregnated with the negative electrode 21, the counter electrode 22, and the electrolytic solution with the metal outer can 24, the sealing plate 25, and the gasket 26 by tightening the opening end of the metal outer can 24 inward. 23 is sealed.
- the impregnation of the electrode with the electrolyte and the sealing of the battery were performed in a glove box with a dew point of minus 70 ° C. in a dry air atmosphere.
- PVdF is used in place of polyamide acid (polyamic acid) which is a polyimide precursor as a binder, and the ratio of the negative electrode active material, AB and binder constituting the finally obtained negative electrode layer is a mass ratio.
- a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the slurry was prepared so as to have the ratio shown, and a coin-type lithium secondary battery as shown in FIG. 3 was produced.
- the lithium secondary battery of Comparative Example 1 manufactured using PVdF which has been generally used as a binder component, has a high discharge capacity of about 600 mAh / g in the first cycle. However, a rapid discharge capacity deterioration of about 200 mAh / g was caused in the second cycle.
- the discharge capacity at the first cycle is 800 mAh / g or more, and the second cycle and thereafter.
- the discharge capacity did not deteriorate, and the battery capacity remained at a high capacity of about 800 mAh / g, and it was confirmed that the discharge capacity was increased, the charge / discharge efficiency was improved, and excellent cycle stability was achieved.
- the binder component of the present invention has higher binding properties with the current collector and with the active material inside the electrode layer, and ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 during charge / discharge. Suppressing the collapse of the electrode layer structure due to the volume expansion and contraction caused by the conversion electrode reaction of particles is considered to be a factor that improved the cycle characteristics.
- Example 4 where the binder component content ratio is as high as 30% by mass, unlike the other examples, the capacity was drastically reduced. However, this was caused by an excessive amount of the binder component due to the excessive amount of the binder component. It is inferred that this region is covered with a binder component, thereby lowering the permeability of the electrolyte solution into the electrode layer and, as a result, reducing the electrode reaction area.
- the present invention has a high potential as a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery.
- Examples 5 and 6 The current collector and the current collector were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the current collector having the coating film was vacuum-dried (heat treatment) at 120 ° C. (Example 5) and 200 ° C. (Example 6).
- the negative electrode comprised from the electrode layer formed on the body was obtained.
- the thickness of the electrode layer in the obtained negative electrode was 12.7 ⁇ m in Example 5 and 12 ⁇ m in Example 6.
- the imidation rate in the binder component in the formed electrode layer was indirectly determined using the TG curve shown in FIG. 2, the imidization rate of Example 5 was about 2%, and the imidization of Example 6 The rate was about 30%. Subsequently, a coin-type lithium secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- FIG. 7 shows the charge / discharge curve of the first cycle in the lithium secondary batteries of Examples 5 and 6, and FIG. 8 shows the transition of the charge / discharge capacity with respect to the number of cycles in the lithium secondary batteries of Examples 5 and 6. .
- the lithium secondary battery of Example 6 has higher charge / discharge efficiency (Coulomb efficiency) than the lithium secondary battery of Example 5, resulting in an increase in discharge capacity. It was. From this result, it was found that the higher the discharge capacity, the higher the imidization rate, about 30%, rather than about 2%.
- a heat treatment at a temperature of 350 ° C. or higher is required.
- the copper foil used as the negative electrode current collector is oxidized at the above temperature, which is not preferable. It is done.
- the lithium secondary battery of Example 5 was superior in cycle stability to the lithium secondary battery of Example 6.
- the lithium secondary battery of Example 5 having a lower imidization rate is superior in cycle stability because, when the imidization rate is low, a high binding force is exhibited while maintaining the flexibility of the resin film. It is assumed that there is.
- the negative electrode of Example 4 having a binder component content of 30% by mass has an electrode. It was confirmed that the binder component was coated on ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 particles constituting the layer surface. From this result, when the binder component content which comprises an electrode layer becomes high, it means that binder solid content exists to the electrode layer surface. That is, if the surface of the electrode layer is excessively coated with the binder solid content, the lithium ion movement and the electron conduction path are hindered, resulting in a rapid capacity drop, which may deteriorate electrode performance such as cycle capacity deterioration. Becomes higher.
- the binder component on the surface of the electrode layer should be present in the minimum amount necessary for bonding between the active material particles, and it is understood that there is an appropriate range in the content ratio of the binder component. . That is, by making the binder solid component densely present in the vicinity of the current collector and the electrode layer, it realizes strong adhesion to the current collector, and by making the binder solid component sparse on the electrode layer surface, It is determined that the charge / discharge characteristics (irreversible capacity at the first cycle, suppression of cycle capacity decrease due to repeated charge / discharge, etc.) can be improved by these synergistic effects.
- Negative electrode 11 Negative electrode current collector 12
- Negative electrode layer 12 Negative electrode active material ( ⁇ -Fe 2 O 3 particles)
Abstract
Description
先ず、負極集電体として銅箔を、負極活物質としてメカニカルミリング法で作製した平均粒径300nm程度のα-Fe2O3微粒子を、導電助剤としてアセチレンブラック(AB)を、溶媒としてN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を、バインダとしてポリイミドの前駆体であるポリアミド酸(ポリアミック酸)をそれぞれ用意した。
バインダとしてポリイミドの前駆体であるポリアミド酸(ポリアミック酸)の代わりにPVdFを用い、最終的に得られる負極電極層を構成する負極活物質、AB及びバインダの割合が質量比で、上記表1に示す割合となるようにスラリーを調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして負極を作製し、更に、図3に示すようなコイン型リチウム二次電池を作製した。
実施例1~4及び比較例1でそれぞれ得られたコイン型リチウム二次電池について、以下の表2に示すサイクル特性評価試験及び放電電流値依存性評価試験を行った。なお、実施例1及び比較例1のリチウム二次電池におけるサイクル回数に対する放電容量の推移を図4に、実施例1~4のリチウム二次電池におけるバインダ含有割合と放電容量との関係を図5に、実施例1のリチウム二次電池における充放電効率(クーロン効率)を図6にそれぞれ示す。
塗布膜を有する集電体の真空乾燥(加熱処理)を120℃(実施例5)及び200℃(実施例6)で行った以外は実施例1と同様にして集電体と、この集電体上に形成された電極層とから構成される負極を得た。得られた負極における電極層の厚さは実施例5が12.7μm、実施例6が12μmであった。また、形成した電極層中のバインダ成分におけるイミド化率を、図2に示すTG曲線を用いて間接的に求めたところ、実施例5のイミド化率は約2%、実施例6のイミド化率は約30%であった。続いて、実施例1と同様にしてコイン型リチウム二次電池を作製した。
実施例5,6でそれぞれ得られたコイン型リチウム二次電池について、以下の表3に示すサイクル特性評価試験を行った。なお、実施例5,6のリチウム二次電池における1サイクル目の充放電曲線を図7に、実施例5,6のリチウム二次電池におけるサイクル回数に対する充放電容量の推移を図8にそれぞれ示す。
バインダ含有量をそれぞれ変化させて作製した実施例1~4の負極について、充放電試験前に、負極表面の電子顕微鏡(SEM)観察を行った。具体的には、試料台に試験片を導電性カーボンテープで固定し、白金蒸着或いは金蒸着した後、装置に試料台を導入する一般的な方法で適宜倍率を変えながら観察した。実施例1~4の負極表面における電子顕微鏡写真図(倍率2万3千倍)を図9~図12にそれぞれ示す。
この結果から、電極層を構成するバインダ成分含有量が高くなると、電極層表面にまで、バインダ固形分が存在することを意味する。即ち、電極層表面をバインダ固形分が被覆し過ぎると、リチウムイオンの移動や電子伝導パスを阻害し、急激な容量低下を生じることになり、サイクル容量劣化などの電極性能を悪化させてしまうおそれが高くなる。
11 負極集電体
12 負極電極層
12a 負極活物質(α-Fe2O3粒子)
Claims (6)
- 集電体と、前記集電体上に形成され負極活物質、導電助剤及びバインダ成分を少なくとも含む電極層とから構成されてなるリチウム二次電池用負極において、
前記負極活物質がコンバージョン電極反応を伴うα-Fe2O3粒子であり、かつ、前記バインダ成分がポリアミド酸及びその一部がイミド化されたものである
ことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用負極。 - 前記電極層のバインダ成分濃度が前記集電体から離れるに従って減少するように構成された請求項1記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 前記電極層を構成する前記バインダ成分の含有割合が3~20質量%である請求項1又は2記載のリチウム二次電池用負極。
- 請求項1ないし3いずれか1項に記載の負極を用いたリチウム二次電池。
- 負極活物質、導電助剤、バインダ及び溶媒を少なくとも含むスラリーを集電体上に塗布し、塗布膜を有する集電体を真空乾燥及びプレスすることにより、前記集電体上に前記負極活物質、前記導電助剤及びバインダ成分を少なくとも含む電極層を形成するリチウム二次電池用負極の製造方法において、
前記スラリーを構成する負極活物質としてコンバージョン電極反応を伴うα-Fe2O3粒子を、前記スラリーを構成するバインダとしてポリアミド酸をそれぞれ用い、かつ、前記スラリーを室温で2~3Pa・sの低粘度に調整し、前記調整した低粘度スラリーの塗布によって形成した塗布膜中でバインダの自然沈降を生じさせることにより、前記集電体上に形成する前記電極層のバインダ成分濃度が前記集電体から離れるに従って減少するような構成とし、
前記真空乾燥及び前記プレスによって前記バインダの一部をイミド化し、前記電極層中に含まれる前記バインダ成分をポリアミド酸及びその一部がイミド化されたものとする
ことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用負極の製造方法。 - 前記電極層を構成する前記バインダ成分の含有割合が3~20質量%である請求項5記載のリチウム二次電池用負極の製造方法。
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US20230077307A1 (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2023-03-09 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. | Positive electrode active material, high-temperature operation type lithium-ion polymer secondary battery, high-temperature operation type lithium ion inorganic all-solid-state secondary battery |
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US20120214063A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
CN102598367B (zh) | 2015-08-05 |
CN102598367A (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
KR101383948B1 (ko) | 2014-04-10 |
JPWO2011058981A1 (ja) | 2013-04-04 |
JP5648860B2 (ja) | 2015-01-07 |
KR20120082023A (ko) | 2012-07-20 |
US8986883B2 (en) | 2015-03-24 |
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