WO2010001780A1 - 耐熱性樹脂前駆体及びそれを用いた感光性樹脂組成物 - Google Patents
耐熱性樹脂前駆体及びそれを用いた感光性樹脂組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010001780A1 WO2010001780A1 PCT/JP2009/061498 JP2009061498W WO2010001780A1 WO 2010001780 A1 WO2010001780 A1 WO 2010001780A1 JP 2009061498 W JP2009061498 W JP 2009061498W WO 2010001780 A1 WO2010001780 A1 WO 2010001780A1
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- resin composition
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- 0 CC[N+](*(*)N)[O-] Chemical compound CC[N+](*(*)N)[O-] 0.000 description 17
- WHRYLXXHLFPFNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(C(C1C2C3C=CC1C3)=O)C2=O Chemical compound CN(C(C1C2C3C=CC1C3)=O)C2=O WHRYLXXHLFPFNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WJDJEJVZDLXKGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=CCC(C(C1)C2C(N3Cc4cccc(CN(C(C5C6C7C(CC=C)=CC5C7)=O)C6=O)c4)=O)C=CC1C2C3=O Chemical compound C=CCC(C(C1)C2C(N3Cc4cccc(CN(C(C5C6C7C(CC=C)=CC5C7)=O)C6=O)c4)=O)C=CC1C2C3=O WJDJEJVZDLXKGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFUBNKZEOMHMOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(c1ccc(C)cc1)c(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1)ccc1Sc1ccc(C)cc1 Chemical compound CC(C)(c1ccc(C)cc1)c(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1)ccc1Sc1ccc(C)cc1 FFUBNKZEOMHMOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJSORZVCMMYGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C1)(C2)CC3(C)CC2(C)CC1(C)C3 Chemical compound CC(C1)(C2)CC3(C)CC2(C)CC1(C)C3 UJSORZVCMMYGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGHYPCPNTBGZLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(C(C1C2CCCC1)=O)C2=O Chemical compound CN(C(C1C2CCCC1)=O)C2=O PGHYPCPNTBGZLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUDCCGOJHMSMLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N CNC(C(C1CC2CC1)C2C(O)=O)=O Chemical compound CNC(C(C1CC2CC1)C2C(O)=O)=O AUDCCGOJHMSMLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSZWGVYHRFLVDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N CNC(C(CCCC1)C1C(O)=O)=O Chemical compound CNC(C(CCCC1)C1C(O)=O)=O HSZWGVYHRFLVDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAASDINCGVLMET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1C(c(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1)ccc1S(c1ccc(C)cc1)(=O)=O)=O Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1C(c(cc1)ccc1-c(cc1)ccc1S(c1ccc(C)cc1)(=O)=O)=O UAASDINCGVLMET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBGVFNVQIHWXCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1c(C(c2ccc(C(c(cc3)ccc3O)c(cc3)ccc3O)cc2)c(cc2C)c(C)cc2O)cc(C)c(O)c1 Chemical compound Cc1c(C(c2ccc(C(c(cc3)ccc3O)c(cc3)ccc3O)cc2)c(cc2C)c(C)cc2O)cc(C)c(O)c1 SBGVFNVQIHWXCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1c(C)cccc1 Chemical compound Cc1c(C)cccc1 CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVEDOIATHPCYGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1cc(-c2cccc(C)c2)ccc1 Chemical compound Cc1cc(-c2cccc(C)c2)ccc1 GVEDOIATHPCYGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1cc(C)ccc1 Chemical compound Cc1cc(C)ccc1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABMKWMASVFVTMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccccc1-c1c(C)cccc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccccc1-c1c(C)cccc1 ABMKWMASVFVTMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/26—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/22—Polybenzoxazoles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/0045—Photosensitive materials with organic non-macromolecular light-sensitive compounds not otherwise provided for, e.g. dissolution inhibitors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/022—Quinonediazides
- G03F7/023—Macromolecular quinonediazides; Macromolecular additives, e.g. binders
- G03F7/0233—Macromolecular quinonediazides; Macromolecular additives, e.g. binders characterised by the polymeric binders or the macromolecular additives other than the macromolecular quinonediazides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
- G03F7/0382—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified negative photoresist composition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
- G03F7/0392—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified positive photoresist composition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/075—Silicon-containing compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/075—Silicon-containing compounds
- G03F7/0751—Silicon-containing compounds used as adhesion-promoting additives or as means to improve adhesion
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/40—Treatment after imagewise removal, e.g. baking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an alkali-soluble resin used for forming a relief pattern of a heat-resistant resin material used as an insulating material for electronic components and display elements, and for a passivation film, a buffer coat film, and an interlayer insulating film in a semiconductor device. And a positive or negative photosensitive resin composition containing the alkali-soluble resin.
- a polyimide resin having excellent heat resistance, electrical characteristics, and mechanical characteristics is suitable for use as a surface protective film or an interlayer insulating film of a semiconductor device.
- the polyimide resin used in these applications is generally provided in the form of a photosensitive polyimide precursor composition, which is applied to a substrate such as a silicon wafer, and subjected to patterning exposure using active rays, development, and thermal imidization treatment. By sequentially applying, a heat-resistant resin film having a fine relief pattern can be easily formed on the substrate.
- Photoactive components such as polybenzoxazole (hereinafter also referred to as “PBO”) precursor and photosensitive diazonaphthoquinone compound (hereinafter also referred to as “NQD”), which are polyhydroxyamides that are soluble in dilute alkaline aqueous solution.
- a photosensitive resin composition hereinafter also referred to as “PAC”
- PAC photosensitive resin composition
- Many combinations, such as a combination of a polymer and PAC have been proposed and used as heat-resistant photosensitive resin compositions that can be developed with dilute aqueous alkali solutions.
- the alkali-soluble resin used in combination with PAC is mainly a polyamide having a phenolic hydroxyl group such as a polyimide precursor or a PBO precursor.
- a method of introducing a phenolic hydroxyl group into a polymer is a dehydration condensation with a carboxylic acid using an aromatic diamine having an amino group and a phenolic hydroxyl group (hereinafter also referred to as “phenolic diamine”) in an ortho position as a polyamide raw material.
- the method of making it is common.
- the acidity of the hydroxyl group of the phenolic diamine is low, the polyamide may not be dissolved in the dilute alkaline aqueous solution, and the undissolved portion of the exposed portion may be generated during development, or the development itself may be impossible.
- the acidity of the hydroxyl group of the phenolic diamine is high, the interaction with the PAC is weak and the unexposed area is melted during development, so that a high-quality relief pattern cannot be obtained.
- a reduction projection exposure machine called an i-line stepper using i-line of a mercury lamp is mainly used in an exposure process at the time of manufacturing a semiconductor device. Since this stepper is a very expensive machine, if the photosensitive resin composition has a low sensitivity, the exposure time required to form a relief pattern becomes longer, and the number of required steppers increases and the exposure process becomes more expensive. This leads to cost reduction.
- the photosensitivity of the photosensitive resin composition in order to improve the photosensitivity, first, it is necessary to improve the i-line transmittance of the polymer and not to prevent the decomposition of the PAC in the exposed portion. Therefore, the polymer used for the positive photosensitive resin composition is required to improve i-ray transmission. Furthermore, the stronger the interaction between the phenolic hydroxyl group of the polymer and the PAC, the greater the difference in dissolution rate between the unexposed area and the exposed area in the alkaline developer, resulting in higher photosensitivity. Therefore, the polymer used in the positive photosensitive resin composition is required to have a strong interaction with PAC.
- a neutral solvent such as ⁇ -butyrolactone is preferred over an amide solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone having a high basicity, as a demand of the semiconductor manufacturing process. Is raised. Therefore, the polymer used in the positive photosensitive resin composition is required to be dissolved in ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- the dilute alkaline developer used for forming a pattern using the heat-resistant photosensitive resin composition is usually a 2.38 wt% tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution (hereinafter referred to as “2.38%”). Since it is also used in the semiconductor manufacturing process, development with a 2.38% TMAH aqueous solution is strongly demanded.
- a substrate that has failed in coating or developing needs to be dipped in an organic solvent and regenerated.
- One of the organic solvents used at this time is propylene glycol monomethyl ether. Therefore, the solubility of the relief pattern after development in propylene glycol monomethyl ether is also required.
- a wiring circuit and an external connection terminal are already formed on a silicon wafer to which a photosensitive composition for a protective film is applied. Therefore, the surface is not uniform. As a result, when the photosensitive resin composition is applied to a silicon wafer on which wiring circuits and external connection terminals are formed, the film thickness of the photosensitive resin composition layer is not uniform in the wafer plane.
- the developing solution is a 0.79% TMAH aqueous solution instead of the 2.38% TMAH aqueous solution normally used in the semiconductor manufacturing process. It is understood that these were performed to control the alkali solubility of strong polymers derived from the phenolic hydroxyl group of bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a PBO precursor composed of an alicyclic dicarboxylic acid and a phenolic diamine. Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid is described as a suitable dicarboxylic acid.
- bis (3- A positive photosensitive resin composition in which a polycondensate of (amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane and cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid is dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is disclosed.
- the sensitivity of the positive photosensitive resin composition was not sufficiently satisfactory, and the glass transition temperature of the heat-resistant PBO film after curing was as low as 220 ° C.
- Patent Documents 4 to 7 are disclosed below as PBO precursors using an aliphatic group dicarboxylic acid or an alicyclic dicarboxylic acid, but are soluble in ⁇ -butyrolactone and the photosensitive resin composition thereof. However, it is considered that a polymer having a high film thickness margin when a pattern is formed with the same exposure amount and the same development time has not been achieved.
- Patent Document 8 is disclosed tricyclo [5,2,1,0 2,6] thermostable polyamide using acid chloride with decane structure.
- Patent Document 9 discloses a gas barrier film made of a polybenzoazole resin.
- Patent Document 10 discloses a negative photosensitive resin composition containing a PBO precursor resin, a compound that generates an acid upon irradiation, and a compound that can crosslink the resin by the action of the acid.
- a photosensitive resin composition has a wide film thickness margin and high sensitivity when a pattern is formed with the same exposure amount and the same development time.
- the pattern can be formed with a developer (2.38 wt% tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution) normally used in JIS, soluble in ⁇ -butyrolactone solvent, and excellent in mechanical strength of the heat-resistant film after curing. That is, it is to provide an alkali-soluble resin having a high glass transition temperature and excellent solubility in a propylene glycol monomethyl ether of a relief pattern after development.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a cured relief pattern on a substrate using the composition and a semiconductor device having the cured relief pattern.
- X 1 in the general formula (1) or (3) has the following structure: The alkali-soluble resin according to [1] or [2].
- X 2 in the general formula (3) has the following structure:
- [5] Z 2 in the general formula (3) is the following structural formula (4): ⁇ In the formula, L 5 represents the following structural formula (5): (Wherein L 6 represents a monovalent alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms). ⁇ The alkali-soluble resin according to any one of [2] to [4], which is a structure selected from the group consisting of:
- the photosensitive diazonaphthoquinone compound has the following general formula (7): The above-mentioned [7 ] Or the positive photosensitive resin composition according to [8].
- the alkoxysilane compound has the following general formulas (8) to (15): ⁇ Wherein, X 1 and X 2 represent a divalent organic group, X 3 and X 4 represent a monovalent organic group, and s represents an integer of 0 to 2. ⁇ ; ⁇ Wherein X 7 and X 9 represent a divalent organic group, X 8 represents a tetravalent organic group, and X 5 , X 6 , X 10 and X 11 represent a monovalent organic group. And s represents an integer of 0-2.
- X 16 is —NH—R 20 or —O—R 21 (wherein R 20 and R 21 are monovalent organic groups not containing a COOH group), X 17 is 2 X 18 and X 19 each represent a monovalent organic group, and s represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- X 25 represents a divalent organic group
- X 26 and X 27 represent a monovalent organic group
- s represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- X 28 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- X 29 represents the following formula group:
- X 30 represents a divalent organic group
- X 31 and X 32 represent a monovalent organic group
- s represents an integer of 0 to 2
- ⁇ ⁇
- X 33 is the same as X 29 defined in formula (14)
- X 34 represents a divalent organic group
- X 35 and X 36 represent a monovalent organic group
- S represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition according to [11] selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by:
- the compound that causes a thermal crosslinking reaction by heat is selected from the group consisting of a compound having an epoxy group, a methylol group, an alkoxymethyl group or an oxetane group, and a bisallylnadiimide compound.
- the positive photosensitive resin composition as described.
- the film thickness margin is wide when forming a pattern with the same exposure amount and the same development time, the sensitivity is high, and the development is normally used in the manufacturing process of a semiconductor device.
- the pattern can be formed with a liquid (2.38 wt% tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution), soluble in ⁇ -butyrolactone solvent, and excellent in the mechanical strength of the heat-resistant film after curing, that is, having a glass transition temperature. It is possible to provide an alkali-soluble resin which is high and excellent in solubility in a propylene glycol monomethyl ether of a relief pattern after development.
- the present invention also provides a method of forming a cured relief pattern on a substrate using the composition and the composition, and a semiconductor device having the cured relief pattern.
- the resin (a) of the present invention is a resin having a structure described in the following general formula (1) in the molecule.
- the structure of the following general formula (1) is preferably a repeating unit.
- X 1 represents a tetravalent organic group containing a halogen atom
- Z 1 represents a divalent organic group represented by the following general formula (2)
- m 1 represents 1 to 200 Indicates an integer.
- L 1 and L 2 each independently represent a methyl group or a hydroxyl group
- n 1 and n 2 each represents an integer of 0 to 3).
- Examples of X 1 in the general formula (1) include the following structures.
- X 1 in the general formula (1) is preferably the following structure from the viewpoint of photosensitivity when a photosensitive resin composition is used.
- Z 1 in the general formula (1) is an organic group represented by the above general formula (2).
- the following structural formula (a) Preferably, it is one structural formula selected from the group consisting of
- the structure of the alkali-soluble resin may have the structure of the following general formula (3).
- X 1 represents a C 6-30 tetravalent organic group containing a halogen atom
- X 2 represents a C 6-40 tetravalent organic group containing no halogen atom
- Z 1 represents a divalent organic group represented by the above general formula (2)
- Z 2 represents a divalent organic group represented by 3 to 40 carbon atoms
- m 1 is an integer of 1 to 200 are shown
- m 3 and m 4 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 200, wherein the molar ratio m 1 / (m 1 + m 2 + m 3 + m 4) of m 1 is (m 1 + m 2 + m 3 + m 4 ) is 100%, it is 25% or more.
- examples of X 2 include the following structural formulas.
- Z 2 examples include the following structural formulas. ⁇ Wherein, B 1 is a divalent organic group, and R is a monovalent organic group. ⁇
- the following structural formula is more preferable from the viewpoint of photosensitivity when a photosensitive resin composition is used.
- m 1 represents an integer of 1 to 200.
- m 2 , m 3 and m 4 each independently represents an integer of 0 to 200.
- m 1 , m 2 , m 3 and m 4 may each be a block or random.
- m 1 molar ratio of m 1 / (m 1 + m 2 + m 3 + m 4) is preferred from the viewpoint of photosensitivity of the (m 1 + m 2 + m 3 + m 4) If the taken as 100% composition 25% or more 50% or more is more preferable, and 100% is more preferable.
- the alkali-soluble resin having the structure described in the general formula (1) in the molecule is synthesized by polycondensation of a diamine having a phenolic hydroxyl group and a dicarboxylic acid having a structure of Z 1 having the structure of X 1. be able to.
- the alkali-soluble resin having the structure described in the general formula (3) in the molecule has a diamine having a phenolic hydroxyl group having the structure of X 1 and, if necessary, a phenolic hydroxyl group having a structure of X 2. It can be synthesized by polycondensation of a diamine, a dicarboxylic acid having a Z 1 structure, and a dicarboxylic acid having a Z 2 structure, if necessary.
- the synthesis method of the general formulas (1) and (3) will be described in detail below.
- the dicarboxylic acid having the structure of Z 1 can be obtained, for example, as follows.
- Starting material is bis (carboxy) tricyclo [5,2,1,0 2,6] decane of the compounds, tricyclo the (5,2,1,0) decane dimethanol (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo catalog No.T0850) Dissolve in acetonitrile, add catalyst such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (hereinafter also referred to as “TEMPO”), and use disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, etc.
- TEMPO 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl
- the dicarboxylic acid having a Z 2 structure other than the dicarboxylic acid is used for the purpose of adjusting mechanical properties such as improvement in mechanical elongation and glass transition temperature. It can also be polymerized.
- a dicarboxylic acid is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of aromatic dicarboxylic acids having 8 to 36 carbon atoms, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 6 to 34 carbon atoms, and alicyclic dicarboxylic acids. It is preferable.
- Z 2 is preferably a structure represented by the following general formula (4) from the viewpoints of solubility in ⁇ -butyrolactone and solubility in dilute alkaline aqueous solution.
- L 5 is a monovalent group selected from the following structural formula (5).
- L 6 represents a monovalent alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the dicarboxylic acid may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a dicarboxylic acid a diester group-containing dicarboxylic acid obtained by reacting a tetracarboxylic dianhydride with an alcohol compound having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and a catalyst such as pyridine in an organic solvent may be used as a copolymerized dicarboxylic acid.
- a catalyst such as pyridine
- Examples of the alcohol compound having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, t-butanol, amyl alcohol, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate.
- dicarboxylic acids for example, using the bis (carboxy) tricyclo [5,2,1,0 2,6] decane and aromatic dicarboxylic acids, as the diamine having a phenolic hydroxyl group, for example, 2,2-bis (3- When copolymerizing amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and 2,2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane using a phenolic diamine, 2,2-bis (3-amino- 4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane and bis (carboxy) tricyclo [5,2,1,0 2,6] decane polycondensed above, subsequently, 2,2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl ) Addition of propane,
- the ratio of copolymerization of a dicarboxylic acid component containing a dicarboxylic acid component and Z 2 comprising Z 1 is arbitrarily chosen, the dicarboxylic acid component containing Z 1 is 30 mol% or more composition of the total dicarboxylic acid component light It is preferable from the viewpoint of high sensitivity and solubility of the polycondensate in a ⁇ -butyrolactone solvent, more preferably 50 mol% or more, and 100 mol% is more preferable from the viewpoint of photosensitivity of the composition.
- These dicarboxylic acids used in synthesizing the alkali-soluble resin can also be used in the form of acid chloride using thionyl chloride.
- the acid chloride is synthesized by reacting a dicarboxylic acid with an excessive amount of thionyl chloride in the presence of a catalyst such as N, N-dimethylformamide, pyridine, benzyltriethylamine chloride, etc.
- a catalyst such as N, N-dimethylformamide, pyridine, benzyltriethylamine chloride, etc.
- the method of distilling off by heating and pressure reduction is mentioned, It can obtain by recrystallizing the residue of this reaction liquid with solvents, such as hexane and toluene. Further, it can be used for polymerization of alkali-soluble resin without purification.
- a catalyst in which a dicarboxylic acid and N-hydroxybenzotriazole (hereinafter also referred to as “HOBT”) are made into a HOBT active ester using a dehydration condensing agent such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide can be used.
- Examples of the diamine component having a phenolic hydroxyl group containing X 1 used for synthesizing the alkali-soluble resin of the present invention include 2,2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane, 2, 2-bis (4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane, 2,2′-ditrifluoromethyl-3,3′-dihydroxy-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2′-ditrifluoromethyl- 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl, 2-trifluoromethyl-3,5-diamino-1,4-dihydroxybenzene, 2,6-trifluoromethyl-3,5-diamino-1, 4-dihydroxybenzene is mentioned. Of these, 2,2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane is a preferred compound because of its high photosensitivity.
- diamine component having a phenolic hydroxyl group containing X 2 examples include 2,2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 3, 5-diamino-1-hydroxybenzene, 4,6-diamino-1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 3,3′-dihydroxy-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3′-diamino Biphenyl, 3,4-dihydroxy-3 ′, 4′-diaminobiphenyl, bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfide, bis (3-amino-4) -Hydroxyphenyl) methane, bis (4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl) methane, bis (4-amino-3-hydroxypheny) ) Sulfone, 9,9-bis
- a phenolic diamine can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- preferred compounds include 2,2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and bis (4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, and 2,2-bis (3-amino-phenyl) 4-Hydroxyphenyl) propane is more preferable because the photosensitivity of the resin composition is high.
- the copolymerization ratio of the diamine component having a phenolic hydroxyl group containing X 1 and the diamine component having a phenolic hydroxyl group containing X 2 is arbitrarily selected, but the copolymerization of the diamine component having a phenolic hydroxyl group containing X 1 Increasing the ratio makes it easily soluble in solvents such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, acetone, and methoxymethyl propionate, which are chemicals used in edge rinsing and rework processing in the semiconductor manufacturing process.
- the diamine component having a phenolic hydroxyl group containing X 1 is 25 mol% or more, become dissolved in propylene glycol monomethyl ether, if it is 75 mol% or more , Propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, acetone, methoxymethyl propionate are all dissolved.
- the acidity of the phenolic hydroxyl group is too high, so that it is copolymerized with a diamine having no phenolic hydroxyl group It is preferable to adjust the concentration of the phenolic hydroxyl group using a dicarboxylic acid having a large molecular weight.
- the concentration of the phenolic hydroxyl group in 1 g of the alkali-soluble resin using bis (4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone is preferably 2.0 to 5.0 mmol, more preferably 2.5 to 4.5. Mmol, more preferably 3.0 to 4.0 mmol.
- non-phenolic diamine a diamine having no phenolic hydroxyl group
- a diamine having no phenolic hydroxyl group (hereinafter referred to as “non-phenolic diamine”) may be copolymerized with the aqueous alkaline solution as necessary in addition to the above-mentioned phenolic diamine. Solubility and physical properties can be controlled.
- the non-phenolic diamine is a divalent to tetravalent organic group not containing a halogen atom, and among them, an aromatic diamine having 6 to 30 carbon atoms having no phenolic hydroxyl group or diaminopolysiloxane is preferable.
- a phenolic diamine or a non-phenolic diamine is dissolved in a suitable solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone or N, N-dimethylacetamide, and then a tertiary amine such as pyridine or triethylamine.
- a suitable solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone or N, N-dimethylacetamide
- a tertiary amine such as pyridine or triethylamine.
- the above-mentioned compound obtained by acid chloride of the dicarboxylic acid is dissolved in a suitable solvent such as ⁇ -butyrolactone or acetone, and cooled to ⁇ 30 ° C. to 15 ° C. to the above-mentioned phenolic diamine or non-phenolic diamine solution.
- the desired polycondensation structure can be obtained by dropping.
- the alkali-soluble resin may be used only in the above-mentioned polybenzoxazole precursor unit, but phenol obtained by cyclocondensation of tetracarboxylic dianhydride and aromatic diamine having a phenolic hydroxyl group.
- a polyimide unit having a functional hydroxyl group can be copolymerized as necessary.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride used in the synthesis of the polyimide unit includes an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride having 8 to 36 carbon atoms and an alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride having 6 to 34 carbon atoms.
- a compound selected from is preferred.
- the diamine having a phenolic hydroxyl group used when synthesizing an imide unit having a phenolic hydroxyl group is selected from the group of phenolic diamines described above. Among them, 2,2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane and 2,2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane are more preferable because the photosensitivity of the resin composition is high. .
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the phenolic diamine are heated to 30 ° C. to 220 ° C., preferably 170 ° C. to 200 ° C. in the presence of an acid or base catalyst.
- the acid catalyst it is possible to use an inorganic acid such as sulfuric acid or an organic acid such as p-toluenesulfonic acid that is usually used in the production of polyimide.
- ⁇ -valerolactone and pyridine may be used.
- the base catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, dimethylaminopyridine, 1,8-diazabicyclo (5,4,0) undecene-7, 1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo (3,3,1,1, 3,7) Decane, triethylenediamine or the like may be used.
- the temperature of the reaction solution is maintained at a temperature higher than the temperature at which the imidization reaction occurs, and the water generated by the dehydration reaction is removed from the reaction system using an azeotropic solvent with water such as toluene.
- the imidation dehydration condensation reaction may be completed.
- reaction solvent for performing the dehydration condensation reaction it is preferable to use a polar organic solvent for dissolving an alkali-soluble resin soluble in an alkaline aqueous solution, in addition to toluene which is a solvent for azeotropically distilling water.
- polar solvents ⁇ -butyrolactone, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, tetramethylurea, sulfolane and the like are used.
- the said polyimide unit When manufacturing the said polyimide unit, you may control the solubility with respect to alkaline aqueous solution, and a physical property by copolymerizing the above-mentioned non-phenolic diamine other than the above-mentioned phenolic diamine as needed.
- a block copolycondensate using a sequential reaction may be used, or a raw material having three or more components is charged. In addition, the raw materials may be charged into the reaction system at the same time to form a random copolycondensate.
- the terminal of the alkali-soluble resin may be modified with the following terminal group.
- the methods for terminal modification include maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, cinnamic anhydride, 5-norbornene anhydride, 4-ethynylphthalic anhydride, phenylethynylphthalic anhydride, 3,6-epoxy.
- anhydride 4-aminostyrene, 4-ethynylaniline, 3-ethynylaniline or the like may be added during the synthesis of the alkali-soluble resin.
- the weight average molecular weight of the alkali-soluble resin the weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene is 3000 to 100,000, the mechanical properties are improved when the molecular weight is 5000 or more, the dispersibility in 2.38% TMAH aqueous solution at 70000 or less, and propylene.
- the solubility in glycol methyl ether acetate is improved, and the resolution performance of the relief pattern is improved.
- the produced alkali-soluble resin may be used after the purification step is performed to isolate the alkali-soluble resin and redissolve it in an organic solvent.
- a specific purification step first, an alkali-soluble resin is precipitated by adding a poor solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, or water to the alkali-soluble resin solution obtained by the above-described production method. Next, it is dissolved again in a good solvent such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and N-methylpyrrolidone, and the solution is passed through a column packed with an ion exchange resin to remove ionic impurities. Finally, it is a purification step in which the solution is dropped into pure water, the precipitate is filtered off, and then vacuum-dried. Thereby, a low molecular weight component, an ionic impurity, etc. can also be removed.
- a poor solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, or water
- a good solvent such as ⁇
- an alkali-soluble resin containing the resin (a) of the present invention is an essential component.
- the alkali-soluble resin other than the resin (a) include a resin having at least one group selected from the group consisting of a phenolic hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group and soluble in an alkaline aqueous solution or a precursor thereof.
- phenolic resins represented by novolak resins and resol resins and derivatives thereof, polyhydroxystyrene and derivatives thereof, resins having a structure obtained by copolymerizing these resins in the molecule, and resins (a) of the present invention An aqueous alkaline solution-soluble polymer that is a PBO precursor, an aqueous alkaline solution-soluble polyimide having a phenolic hydroxyl group, a polyimide precursor derived from a tetracarboxylic acid and a diamine and having a carboxyl group at the ortho position of the amide bond, etc. .
- the ratio of the resin (a) of the present invention to the (A) alkali-soluble resin is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more. 40% by mass or more is more preferable.
- the photosensitive diazonaphthoquinone compound used when producing a positive photosensitive resin composition has a specific structure described in detail below.
- 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-4-sulfonic acid ester of a polyhydroxy compound and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonic acid ester of the polyhydroxy compound hereinafter, It is also referred to as “NQD product of polyhydroxy compound”.
- the NQD product of the polyhydroxy compound can be obtained by subjecting the naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid compound to sulfonyl chloride with chlorosulfonic acid or thionyl chloride and subjecting the resulting naphthoquinone diazide sulfonyl chloride to a polyhydroxy compound according to a conventional method.
- B1 NQD compounds of polyhydroxy compounds represented by the following general formula (B1) ⁇ Wherein k, l, m, and n each independently represent 1 or 2, and R 1 to R 10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkoxy group, Y 1 to Y 3 each independently represents a single bond, —O—, —S—,
- R 11 and R 12 each independently represents at least one monovalent group selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an allyl group, and a substituted allyl group.
- R 13 to R 16 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and w represents an integer of 1 to 5
- R 17 to R 20 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- Specific compounds include NQD compounds of polyhydroxy compounds represented by [Chemical Formula 18] to [Chemical Formula 32] described in JP-A No. 2001-109149.
- the entire description of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-109149 is incorporated herein (Incorporated By Reference).
- NQD compounds of the following polyhydroxy compounds are preferable from the viewpoint of high sensitivity of the positive photosensitive resin composition.
- NQD compounds of polyhydroxy compounds represented by the following general formula (B2) ⁇
- Z represents at least one tetravalent group selected from organic groups represented by the following chemical formula
- R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , and R 24 are each independently a monovalent organic group
- b represents 0 or 1
- a, c, d, and e each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3
- f, g, h, and i each independently represents 0 Indicates an integer of ⁇ 2.
- the sum of f, g, h and i is 1 or more.
- NQD compounds of the following polyhydroxy compounds are preferred because of their high sensitivity and low precipitation in the positive photosensitive resin composition.
- NQD compounds of the following polyhydroxy compounds are preferred because of their high sensitivity and low precipitation in the positive photosensitive resin composition.
- p is an integer from 0 to 9.
- NQD compounds of polyhydroxy compounds represented by the following general formula (B4) In the formula, A represents a divalent organic group containing an aliphatic tertiary or quaternary carbon, and M represents at least one divalent group selected from the groups represented by the following chemical formulas. ⁇
- NQD compounds of the following polyhydroxy compounds are preferred because of their high sensitivity and low precipitation in the positive photosensitive resin composition.
- NQD compounds of polyhydroxy compounds represented by the following general formula (B5) ⁇
- R 25 represents a monovalent organic group represented by the following general formula, which may be the same or different, and q is each independently an integer of 0 to 2 .
- each R 26 independently represents at least one monovalent organic group selected from an alkyl group and a cycloalkyl group, and each r independently represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- the compound include NQD compounds of polyhydroxy compounds represented by [Chemical Formula 17] to [Chemical Formula 22] described in JP-A No. 2004-109849.
- the entire description of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-109849 is incorporated herein (Incorporated By Reference).
- NQD compounds of the following polyhydroxy compounds are preferred because of their high sensitivity and low precipitation in the positive photosensitive resin composition.
- NQD compounds of polyhydroxy compounds represented by the following general formula (B6) ⁇
- R 27 represents a group selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, and a cycloalkyl group.
- NQD compounds of the following polyhydroxy compounds are preferred because of their high sensitivity and low precipitation in the positive photosensitive resin composition.
- NQD compounds of polyhydroxy compounds represented by the following general formula (B7) ⁇
- each of R 28 independently represents a monovalent organic group represented by the following general formula; s independently represents an integer of 0 to 2; and R 29 represents: A hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group is shown.
- each R 30 independently represents an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, and t each independently represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- the compound examples include NQD compounds of polyhydroxy compounds represented by [Chemical 15] and [Chemical 16] described in JP-A-2005-008626. The entire description of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-008626 is incorporated herein (IncorporatedcorpBy Reference).
- NQD compounds of the following polyhydroxy compounds are preferred because of their high sensitivity and low precipitation in the positive photosensitive resin composition.
- the following polyhydroxy compound NQD compounds have high film thickness margins when the photosensitive resin composition is highly sensitive and forms a pattern with the same exposure amount and development time. Is preferable from the viewpoint of wide and low precipitation.
- the naphthoquinone diazide sulfonyl group in the photosensitive diazonaphthoquinone compound is preferably either a 5-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonyl group or a 4-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonyl group.
- the 4-naphthoquinonediazide sulfonyl ester compound has absorption in the i-line region of a mercury lamp and is suitable for i-line exposure.
- the 5-naphthoquinonediazide sulfonyl ester compound has an absorption extending to the g-line region of a mercury lamp and is suitable for g-line exposure.
- a naphthoquinone diazide sulfonyl ester compound can be obtained by using a 4-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonyl group and a 5-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonyl group in the same molecule, or a 4-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonyl ester compound and a 5-naphthoquinone diazide sulfonyl ester compound. Can also be used in combination.
- the addition amount of (B) the photosensitive diazonaphthoquinone compound is 1 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 40 parts by weight, more preferably 100 parts by weight of (A) the alkali-soluble resin. Is in the range of 10 to 30 parts by mass. The sensitivity is improved with an addition amount of 1 part by mass or more, while a residue after exposure is not generated with an addition amount of 100 parts by mass or less.
- organic solvent used in preparing the resin composition using the resin of the present invention includes N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N, which are polar solvents. -Dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethylurea, ⁇ -butyrolactone, morpholine and the like. In addition to this polar solvent, ketones, esters, lactones, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbons that are general organic solvents may be mixed.
- the in-plane uniformity of the pre-baked film is excellent, the sensitivity is high, the film thickness when a pattern is formed with the same exposure amount and the same development time. It is most preferable from the viewpoint that the margin is wide and the deposition property of a photosensitive agent such as a photosensitive diazonaphthoquinone compound is low and the composition is highly stable.
- the addition amount is 100 to 2000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) alkali-soluble resin, and by changing the addition amount of the organic solvent, Viscosity can be controlled.
- the amount is preferably 120 to 700 parts by mass, and more preferably 150 to 500 parts by mass.
- the addition amount is 100 parts by mass or more, the viscosity of the resin composition is lowered, and the film thickness uniformity of the coating film is improved.
- the addition amount is 2000 parts by mass or less, the viscosity of the resin composition is not reduced excessively. Usually, it becomes easy to apply a film thickness of a required pattern.
- Alkoxysilane Compound (D) An alkoxysilane compound may be added to the resin composition of the present invention as necessary in order to enhance adhesion to the substrate.
- Specific preferred examples of the alkoxysilane compound include 3-methacryloxypropyltrialkoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyl dialkoxyalkylsilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrialkoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyl dialkoxyalkyl.
- the alkyl group includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, a butyl group
- the acid anhydride includes maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride
- the acid dianhydride includes pyromellitic dianhydride, 3, 3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4,4′-oxydiphthalic dianhydride, etc.
- urethane group is t-butoxycarbonylamino group
- urea group is phenylaminocarbonylamino Groups and the like.
- a preferred (D) alkoxysilane compound when the following alkoxysilane compound is used as a photosensitive resin composition, the pattern during development is in close contact with the substrate, and the adhesiveness to the substrate after heat curing is further improved. It is preferable because the reactivity of the photosensitive agent such as a photosensitive diazonaphthoquinone compound in the photosensitive resin composition is low and the composition has high stability over time.
- the photosensitive agent such as a photosensitive diazonaphthoquinone compound in the photosensitive resin composition is low and the composition has high stability over time.
- X 16 is —NH—R 20 or —O—R 21 (wherein R 20 and R 21 are monovalent organic groups not containing a COOH group), X 17 is 2 X 18 and X 19 each represent a monovalent organic group, and s represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- X 22 represents a divalent organic group
- X 23 and X 24 represent a monovalent organic group, and s represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- X 25 represents a divalent organic group
- X 26 and X 27 represent a monovalent organic group, and s represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- X 28 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- X 29 represents the following formula group:
- X 30 represents a divalent organic group
- X 31 and X 32 represent a monovalent organic group
- s represents an integer of 0 to 2
- u represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- X 33 is the same as X 29 defined in formula (14)
- X 34 represents a divalent organic group
- X 35 and X 36 represent a monovalent organic group
- S represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- the addition amount of these (D) alkoxysilane compounds is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of (A) the alkali-soluble resin.
- (E) Compound causing a crosslinking reaction by heat In the resin composition of the present invention, for the purpose of improving the glass transition temperature of the film after thermosetting, if necessary, or improving the solvent resistance against various organic solvents, A compound that causes a crosslinking reaction by heat (hereinafter, also referred to as a thermal crosslinking agent) may be added.
- the temperature causing the crosslinking reaction is preferably 150 to 350 ° C.
- the cross-linking reaction occurs during heat treatment after pattern formation by development.
- At least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound having an epoxy group, a methylol group, an alkoxymethyl group, or an oxetane group, and a bisallylnadiimide compound is preferable.
- the compound having an epoxy group examples include bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, bisphenol AD type epoxy resin, cresol novolac type epoxy resin, phenol novolac type epoxy resin, glycidylamine type epoxy resin, polysulfide.
- Type epoxy resin bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, bisphenol AD type epoxy resin, cresol novolac type epoxy resin, phenol novolac type epoxy resin, glycidylamine type epoxy resin, polysulfide.
- the compound having a methylol group or the compound having an alkoxymethyl group is preferably a compound having two or more monovalent organic groups represented by the general formula (A) in the molecule.
- E 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- a compound having an alkoxymethyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of viscosity stability when stored at room temperature as a photosensitive resin composition.
- a compound having a methylol group or an alkoxymethyl group a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group, a compound containing a divalent organic group represented by formula (B), and a formula (C) More preferred is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds.
- E 2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- E 3 is hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group include the following compounds.
- Examples of the compound containing a divalent organic group represented by the general formula (B) include the following compounds. These may be used alone or in combination.
- E 2 in the general formula (B) is a monovalent organic group, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, but an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of solubility with the resin composition. Is more preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- Examples of the compound containing a divalent organic group represented by the general formula (C) include the following compounds.
- E 3 in the general formula (C) is a monovalent organic group, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, but an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of solubility with the resin composition. Is more preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the compound having an oxetane group is a compound having at least one 4-membered cyclic ether structure in one molecule, and can be subjected to cationic ring-opening polymerization reaction or addition reaction with carboxylic acid, thiol and phenol. Is.
- Examples of the bisallylnadiimide compound include the following compounds. These may be used alone or in combination.
- the blending amount is in terms of the crosslinking effect, the deformation of the pattern in the heat treatment after development, and the allowable width of the residue (scum) generated during development.
- the optimum addition amount can be selected depending on the crosslinking agent to be selected.
- (F) At least one compound selected from the group consisting of an acrylate compound, a methacrylate compound, an allyl group-containing compound, a methoxy group-containing compound, and a phenyl ester compound.
- the compound (F) may be contained so that development can be performed within an appropriate development time range with respect to the alkali dissolution rate of the polymer.
- Examples of the acrylate compound and the methacrylate compound include compounds selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid esters, methacrylates, acrylamides, and methacrylamides. Specific examples of preferable ones include NK-ester series M-20G, M-40G, M-90G, M-230G, CB-1, SA, S, AMP-10G, AMP-20G, AMP manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Kyoeisha Chemical Epoxy Ester Series M-600A, 40EM, 70PA, 200PA, 80MFA, 3002M, 3002A may be mentioned.
- allyl group-containing compounds include allyl alcohol, allyl anisole, benzoic acid allyl ester, cinnamic acid allyl ester, N-allyloxyphthalimide, allyl phenol, allyl phenyl sulfone, allyl urea, diallyl phthalate, diallyl isophthalate, terephthalic acid Diallyl, diallyl maleate, diallyl isocyanurate, triallylamine, triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl cyanurate, triallylamine, triallyl 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate, triallyl trimelliate (TRIAM705 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), pyro Triaryl merit acid (TRIAM805 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), triallyl oxydiphthalate, triallyl phosphate, triallyl phosphite, triallyl citrate It is below. These compounds can be used alone or in combination
- Examples of the methoxy group-containing compound include the following compounds.
- phenyl ester compound examples include the following compounds.
- the compounding amount of the compound (F) is preferably 0.5 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) alkali-soluble resin.
- the amount is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more from the viewpoint of obtaining a sufficient dissolution inhibiting effect, and is preferably 50 parts by mass or less from the viewpoint of securing the desired cured film thickness.
- an organic compound having a carboxyl group in the molecule (hereinafter also referred to as “carboxylic acid compound”)
- an organic compound having a carboxyl group in the molecule may be added.
- a carboxylic acid compound having 4 to 20 carbon atoms is preferable, and it has a linear structure, a branched structure, or a cyclic structure, and more preferably the organic group has 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- sorbic acid lauric acid, myristic acid, adipic acid, 2-methyl-4-pentenoic acid, 4-methyl-2-pentenoic acid, 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid, 2-methyl-n- Valeric acid, 3-methyl-n-valeric acid, 4-methyl-n-valeric acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, n-nonanoic acid, isononanoic acid, decanoic acid, DL-leucine acid, 2- Heptenoic acid, 2-octenoic acid, 2-nonenoic acid, 2-decenoic acid, 9-decenoic acid, 2-dodecenoic acid, 10-undecenoic acid, 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, 1-cyclohexene-3-carboxylic acid Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, cyclopentylacetic acid, cyclohexylacetic
- the compounding amount of the organic compound having a carboxyl group in the molecule is preferably 1 to 30 parts by mass and more preferably 5 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) alkali-soluble resin.
- the compounding amount of the carboxylic acid compound is 1 part by mass or more, the development residue in the exposed part is reduced, the sensitivity is improved, and the adhesiveness with the silicon substrate is good. There is little film loss due to the film, and the tensile elongation of the film after curing is good.
- a dye a surfactant, a dissolution accelerator, an adhesion assistant, and the like can be added to the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention. More specifically, the above additives include methyl violet, crystal violet, malachite green and the like. When the dye is added, the addition amount is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 5.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) alkali-soluble resin.
- polyglycols such as polypropylene glycol and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether
- nonionic surfactants composed of derivatives thereof, Fluorard (trade name, manufactured by Sumitomo 3M), MegaFuck (trade name, Fluorosurfactants such as Dainippon Ink and Chemicals), Sulflon (trade name, manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), KP341 (trade name, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), DBE (trade name, manufactured by Chisso), Granol ( Organic siloxane surfactants such as trade names, manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.) can be mentioned.
- Fluorard trade name, manufactured by Sumitomo 3M
- MegaFuck trade name, Fluorosurfactants such as Dainippon Ink and Chemicals
- Sulflon trade name, manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.
- KP341 trade name, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co
- organosiloxane surfactants are preferred.
- the amount of addition of the surfactant is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 5.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) alkali-soluble resin.
- a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group is preferable.
- linear phenol compounds such as bisphenol, MtrisPC, and MtetraPC (manufactured by Honshu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), TrisP-HAP, TrisP-PHBA, TrisP-PA Non-linear phenolic compounds (manufactured by Honshu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), 5-n-hexylresorcinol, compounds in which 2-5 hydrogen atoms of the phenyl group of diphenylmethane are substituted with hydroxyl groups, phenyl group of 3,3-diphenylpropane And compounds having 1 to 5 hydrogen atoms substituted with a hydroxyl group, a one-to-two reaction product of bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone and 1,2-cyclohexyldicarboxylic anhydride, and the like.
- the addition amount is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 20.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) alkali-soluble resin.
- the adhesion assistant for improving adhesiveness.
- adhesion assistants include alkyl imidazoline, butyric acid, polyhydroxystyrene, polyvinyl methyl ether, t-butyl novolac, epoxy silane, epoxy polymer, and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.
- the adhesion aid is added, the addition amount is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) alkali-soluble resin.
- a negative photosensitive resin composition can be obtained by including (H) a compound capable of generating an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays and (I) a compound capable of crosslinking the resin by the action of an acid in (A) the alkali-soluble resin of the present invention. Can be produced.
- (H) The compound that generates acid upon irradiation with actinic ray used in the present invention is a compound that generates acid upon irradiation with actinic ray. For example, the following compounds may be mentioned.
- Trichloromethyl-s-triazines Tris (2,4,6-trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2-phenyl-bis (4,6-trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (3-chlorophenyl) -Bis (4,6-trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (2-chlorophenyl) -bis (4,6-trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (4-methoxyphenyl) -bis (4 6-trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (3-methoxyphenyl) -bis (4,6-trichloromethyl) -s-triazine, 2- (2-methoxyphenyl) -bis (4,6-trichloromethyl) ) -S-triazine, 2- (4-methylthiophenyl) -bis (4,6-trichloromethyl) -s-triazine,
- Triarylsulfonium salts Triphenylsulfonium tetrafluoroborate, triphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphonate, triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroarsenate, triphenylsulfonium methanesulfonate, triphenylsulfonium trifluoroacetate, triphenylsulfonium-p-toluenesulfo NATO, 4-methoxyphenyldiphenylsulfonium tetrafluoroborate, 4-methoxyphenyldiphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphonate, 4-methoxyphenyldiphenylsulfonium hexafluoroarsenate, 4-methoxyphenyldiphenylsulfonium methanesulfonate, 4-methoxyphenyldiphenylsulfonium tri Fluoroa
- trichloromethyl-S-triazines include 2- (3-chlorophenyl) -bis (4,6-trichloromethyl) -S-triazine, 2- (4-chlorophenyl) -bis (4, 6-trichloromethyl) -S-triazine, 2- (4-methylthiophenyl) -bis (4,6-trichloromethyl) -S-triazine, 2- (4-methoxy- ⁇ -styryl) -bis (4,6- Trichloromethyl) -S-triazine, 2- (4-methoxynaphthyl) -bis (4,6-trichloromethyl) -S-triazine, etc.
- diaryl iodonium salts include diphenyl iodonium trifluoroacetate, diphenyl iodonium trifluoromethane sulfone.
- triarylsulfonium salts include triphenylsulfonium methanesulfonate, triphenylsulfonium trifluoroacetate, 4-methoxyphenyldiphenylsulfonium methanesulfonate, 4-methoxyphenyldiphenyl, and the like.
- Suitable examples include sulfonium trifluoroacetate, 4-phenylthiophenyl diphenyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, 4-phenylthiophenyl diphenyl trifluoroacetate, and the like.
- Diazoketone compound examples include 1,3-diketo-2-diazo compound, diazobenzoquinone compound, diazonaphthoquinone compound, and the like. Specific examples include 1,2-naphthoquinone diazide of phenols. There may be mentioned 4-sulfonic acid ester compounds.
- Sulfone Compounds of the sulfone compound include ⁇ -ketosulfone compounds, ⁇ -sulfonylsulfone compounds, and ⁇ -diazo compounds of these compounds. Specific examples include 4-trisphenacylsulfone, mesitylphena. Examples include silsulfone and bis (phenacylsulfonyl) methane.
- Sulfonic acid compound examples include alkyl sulfonic acid esters, haloalkyl sulfonic acid esters, aryl sulfonic acid esters, and imino sulfonates.
- Preferred examples include benzoin tosylate, pyrogallol tris trifluoromethane sulfonate, o-nitrobenzyl trifluoromethane sulfonate, o-nitrobenzyl p-toluene sulfonate, and the like.
- Sulfonimide compound examples include, for example, N- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy) succinimide, N- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy) phthalimide, N- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy) diphenylmaleimide, N- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy) bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide, N- (trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy) naphthylimide and the like can be mentioned.
- Oxime ester compound 2- [2- (4-Methylphenylsulfonyloxyimino)]-2,3-dihydrothiophene-3-ylidene] -2- (2-methylphenyl) acetonitrile (Ciba Specialty Chemicals product name) “Irgacure PAG121”), [2- (propylsulfonyloxyimino) -2,3-dihydrothiophene-3-ylidene] -2- (2-methylphenyl) acetonitrile (Ciba Specialty Chemicals trade name “Irgacure PAG103”), etc. Can be mentioned.
- Diazomethane compound examples include bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) diazomethane, bis (cyclohexylsulfonyl) diazomethane, bis (phenylsulfonyl) diazomethane, and the like.
- the above (5) oxime ester compound is preferable.
- the amount of the compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays is preferably 0.5 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heat-resistant polymer containing the copolymer of the present invention. 1 to 20 parts by mass.
- the addition amount is 0.5 parts by mass or more, the amount of acid generated by irradiation with actinic rays becomes sufficient and the sensitivity is improved.
- the addition amount is 30 parts by mass or less, mechanical properties after curing are obtained. Does not drop.
- (I) the compound capable of crosslinking the heat-resistant polymer by the action of acid will be described.
- the above-mentioned (A) heat-resistant polymer can be crosslinked or itself can form a crosslinked network. Can be strengthened.
- the compound component capable of crosslinking the polymer by the action of an acid is selected from melamine resins substituted at the N-position with a methylol group or alkoxymethyl group, and monomers thereof, and urea resins and monomers thereof. Is preferred.
- alkoxymethylated melamine resins examples include alkoxymethylated melamine resins, alkoxymethylated benzoguanamine resins, alkoxymethylated glycoluril resins, alkoxymethylated urea resins, and monomers thereof.
- alkoxymethylated melamine resin, alkoxymethylated benzoguanamine resin, alkoxymethylated glycoluril resin, alkoxymethylated urea resin, and these monomers are the corresponding known methylolated melamine resin, methylolated benzoguanamine resin.
- Methylolated urea resins, and methylol groups of monomers thereof can be obtained by converting them into alkoxymethyl groups.
- alkoxymethyl group examples include methoxymethyl group, ethoxymethyl group, propoxymethyl group, butoxymethyl group and the like, but commercially available Cymel 300, 301, 303, 370, 325. 327, 701, 266, 267, 238, 1141, 272, 202, 1156, 1158, 1123, 1170, 1174, UFR65, 300 (manufactured by Mitsui Cytec Co., Ltd.), Nicarax MX-270, -280, -290, Nicalac MS-11, Nicalac MW-30, -100, -300, -390, -750 (manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.) and the like can be preferably used. These compounds can be used alone or in combination.
- the monomer of the resin described above is also used as a crosslinking agent, and examples thereof include hexamethoxymethyl melamine and dimethoxymethyl urea.
- the amount of the compound (I) that can be cross-linked by the action of the acid is preferably 3 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) alkali-soluble resin. It is. When the addition amount is 3 parts by mass or more, crosslinking proceeds sufficiently and the patterning property is improved. On the other hand, when the addition amount is 50 parts by mass or less, the mechanical properties after curing are maintained.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition includes (C) an organic solvent, (D) an adhesion aid described in the positive photosensitive resin composition, and (E) a compound that causes a crosslinking reaction with the resin of the present invention by heat. , (Other additives) may be added as necessary.
- a coating process is performed in which the composition is formed on a substrate in the form of a layer or a film.
- the substrate is applied to a silicon wafer, a ceramic substrate, an aluminum substrate, or the like.
- an adhesion assistant such as a silane coupling agent may be applied to the substrate in advance.
- the composition is applied by spin coating using a spinner, spray coating using a spray coater, dipping, printing, roll coating, or the like.
- the layer or film is exposed to actinic radiation through a mask using an exposure apparatus such as a contact aligner, mirror projection, or stepper, or An exposure step of directly irradiating with a light beam, an electron beam or an ion beam is performed.
- an exposure apparatus such as a contact aligner, mirror projection, or stepper
- An exposure step of directly irradiating with a light beam, an electron beam or an ion beam is performed.
- the actinic radiation X-rays, electron beams, ultraviolet rays, visible rays and the like can be used, but those having a wavelength of 200 to 500 nm are preferable.
- the light source wavelength preferably includes i-line, and i-line alone is more preferable.
- a contact aligner, a mirror projection, and a stepper are particularly preferable.
- post exposure bake also called PEB.
- the compound that can crosslink the heat-resistant polymer by the action of the acid (I) in the exposed portion using the acid generated by the exposure as a catalyst causes a thermal crosslinking reaction and is insolubilized in the aqueous alkali solution.
- the developing method can be selected from methods such as an immersion method, a paddle method, and a rotary spray method.
- Developers include inorganic alkalis such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, aqueous ammonia, organic amines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, triethanolamine, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide.
- An aqueous solution of a quaternary ammonium salt such as quaternary ammonium salt or the like, and an aqueous solution to which an appropriate amount of a water-soluble organic solvent such as methanol or ethanol or a surfactant is added as required can be used.
- an aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution is preferable, and the concentration thereof is 0.5% to 10%, more preferably 1.0% to 5%, and particularly preferably 2.38%. This concentration is used in the semiconductor manufacturing process.
- a relief pattern formed on the substrate can be obtained by washing with a rinsing solution and removing the developer.
- the rinsing liquid distilled water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or the like can be used alone or in combination.
- a heating step for heating the relief pattern of the alkali-soluble resin thus obtained is performed.
- the heating temperature is preferably 180 ° C. or higher.
- Relief with high heat resistance is usually achieved by heating to 250 ° C to 400 ° C to decompose and dissipate components with low heat resistance contained in the additive components and convert them into polybenzoxazole via a dehydration cyclization reaction. It changes to a pattern.
- Examples of such a heat treatment apparatus include a hot plate, an oven, and a temperature rising oven that can set a temperature program. Air may be used as the atmospheric gas for the heat treatment, and an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon may be used.
- a semiconductor device can be manufactured by combining the above-described method for forming a cured relief pattern with a known semiconductor device manufacturing method as a method for forming a buffer coat film or an interlayer insulating film of a semiconductor device.
- reaction solution is cooled to 12 ° C., an aqueous solution in which 75 g of sodium sulfite is dissolved in 300 ml of ion-exchanged water is added dropwise to the reaction solution, the excess sodium chlorite is deactivated, and 500 ml of acetic acid is then added. Washed with ethyl. Thereafter, 115 ml of 10% hydrochloric acid was added dropwise to adjust the pH of the reaction solution to 3-4, and the precipitate was collected by decantation. This precipitate was dissolved in 200 ml of tetrahydrofuran.
- the aqueous layer was extracted twice with 500 ml of ethyl acetate and then washed with brine, and the precipitate was dissolved in a tetrahydrofuran solution.
- the tetrahydrofuran solution was mixed and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
- the solution concentrated in an evaporator, followed by drying, to obtain white crystals of bis (carboxy) tricyclo [5,2,1,0 2,6] decane 58.4 g (71.1% yield).
- reaction solution 1 This was ice-cooled to 0 ° C., and 5.35 g (45 mmol) of thionyl chloride dissolved in 15 g of ⁇ -butyrolactone was added dropwise over 30 minutes so as not to exceed 10 ° C. After stirring for 1 hour while cooling with ice so that the temperature does not exceed 10 ° C, the temperature is returned to room temperature. Using a vacuum pump, unreacted thionyl chloride and by-product sulfurous acid gas are distilled off, and the ⁇ -aminoisophthalic acid derivative is removed. Synthesized. This was designated reaction solution 1.
- ⁇ Reference Example 4> In a glass three-necked flask, 19.80 g (115 mmol) of 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), 60 g of ⁇ -butyrolactone, benzyltriethylamine chloride (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 28 g (1.24 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred and dissolved using a Teflon (registered trademark) stirrer and a magnetic stirrer.
- Teflon registered trademark
- reaction Solution 3 The reaction vessel was immersed in an ice bath, cooled to 3 to 5 ° C., 32.84 g (276 mmol) of thionyl chloride was added dropwise to the reaction solution, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Further, unreacted thionyl chloride and by-product sulfurous acid gas were distilled off under reduced pressure for 30 minutes using a vacuum pump to synthesize a 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid derivative. This was designated as Reaction Solution 3.
- the reaction vessel was cooled by immersing it in a vessel in which dry ice was added to methanol.
- 62.02 g (238 mmol) of bis (chlorocarbonyl) tricyclo [5,2,1,0 0 2,6 ] decane (hereinafter also referred to as “DCPD-2COCl”) produced in Reference Example 1 was dissolved in 186 g of ⁇ -butyrolactone. Then, the temperature was kept at 5 to -20 ° C. and dropped in the reaction vessel in 60 minutes. After completion of the dropping, the reaction vessel was immersed in an ice bath and stirred at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes. Further, 12.50 g of pyridine was added.
- reaction solution was returned to room temperature, 12.312 g of 5-norbornene acid anhydride and 5.93 g of pyridine were added, immersed in a 50 ° C. hot water bath, the reaction solution was brought to 50 ° C. and stirred for 18 hours.
- 310 g of ethanol and 900 g of water were added to precipitate a polymer, which was recovered and dissolved in 470 g of ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- ion exchange was performed using 77 g of cation exchange resin (Amberlyst A21, manufactured by Organo) and 95 g of anion exchange resin (Amberlyst 15, manufactured by Organo).
- GPC high performance liquid chromatography
- N-methylpyrrolidone 40 ° C Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min Detector: Trade name RI-930, manufactured by JASCO Corporation
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- ⁇ -Butyrolactone was added to this alkali-soluble resin to prepare an alkali-soluble resin solution having a resin concentration of 35% by mass (P-1).
- Example 2 58.75 g (225 mmol) was used instead of 62.02 g (238 mmol) of DCPD-2COCl of Example 1, and the same operation as in Example 1 was performed.
- the molecular weight in terms of polystyrene was a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 19, 000 PBO precursors were obtained.
- ⁇ -Butyrolactone was added to this alkali-soluble resin to obtain an alkali-soluble resin solution having a resin concentration of 35% by mass (P-2).
- Example 3 57.12 g (219 mmol) was used instead of 62.02 g (238 mmol) of DCPD-2COCl of Example 1, and the same operation as in Example 1 was performed.
- the molecular weight in terms of polystyrene was a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10, 000 PBO precursors were obtained.
- ⁇ -Butyrolactone was added to the alkali-soluble resin to obtain an alkali-soluble resin solution having a resin concentration of 35% by mass (P-3).
- Example 4 Instead of 91.56 g (250 mmol) of 6FAP of Example 1, 45.78 g (125 mmol) of 6FAP and bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (manufactured by Clariant Japan) (hereinafter also referred to as “BAP”) ) 32.30 g (125 mmol) was used in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a PBO precursor having a polystyrene-equivalent molecular weight of 30,000 as a weight average molecular weight (Mw). ⁇ -Butyrolactone was added to this alkali-soluble resin to obtain an alkali-soluble resin solution having a resin concentration of 35% by mass (P-4).
- Example 5 Instead of 91.56 g (250 mmol) of 6FAP of Example 1, 68.67 g (187.5 mmol) of 6FAP and 16.15 g (62. 5 mmol), and the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a PBO precursor having a polystyrene-equivalent molecular weight of 29,000 (weight average molecular weight (Mw)). ⁇ -Butyrolactone was added to this alkali-soluble resin to obtain an alkali-soluble resin solution having a resin concentration of 35% by mass (P-5).
- Example 6> Instead of 62.02 g (238 mmol) of DCPD-2COCl of Example 1, 31.08 g (119 mmol) of DCPD-2COCl and 4,4′-oxybisbenzoic acid chloride (manufactured by Nippon Agricultural Corporation) (hereinafter referred to as “DEDC”) The same operation as in Example 1 was performed using 35.12 g (119 mmol), and a PBO precursor having a polystyrene-equivalent molecular weight of 33,000 in weight average molecular weight (Mw) was obtained. ⁇ -Butyrolactone was added to this alkali-soluble resin to obtain an alkali-soluble resin solution having a resin concentration of 35% by mass (P-6).
- DEDC 4,4′-oxybisbenzoic acid chloride
- Example 7 Instead of 62.02 g (238 mmol) of DCPD-2COCl of Example 1, 46.61 g (178.5 mmol) of DCPD-2COCl and 17.56 g (59. 5 mmol) was used, and the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a PBO precursor having a polystyrene-equivalent molecular weight of 31,000 as a weight average molecular weight (Mw). ⁇ -Butyrolactone was added to this alkali-soluble resin to obtain an alkali-soluble resin solution having a resin concentration of 35% by mass (P-7).
- Example 8 6FAP 54.94 g (150 mmol), DMAc 183 g, ⁇ -butyrolactone 550 g, and pyridine 25 g were dissolved in a glass 1 L separable three-necked flask equipped with a Teflon (registered trademark) vertical stirrer. After 6FAP was dissolved, the reaction vessel was cooled by immersing it in a vessel in which dry ice was added to methanol. Next, 29.51 g (100 mmol) of DEDC was dissolved in 120 g of ⁇ -butyrolactone, and kept at 5 to ⁇ 20 ° C., and added dropwise to the reaction vessel over 30 minutes.
- Teflon registered trademark
- Example 9 A condenser tube with a Dean-Stark trap was attached to a glass separable three-necked flask equipped with a vertical stirrer made of Teflon (registered trademark). Bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether dianhydride (manac) (18.61 g, 60 mmol) and 6FAP (43.95 g, 120 mmol) were charged. Further, 110 g of ⁇ -butyrolactone and 22 g of toluene were added as a solvent. The mixture was heated to 40 ° C. and stirred at 100 rpm for 90 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- Example 10> Instead of 62.02 g (238 mmol) of DCPD-2COCl of Example 1, 54.32 g (208 mmol) of DCPD-2COCl and the reaction liquid 1 prepared in Reference Example 2 were used in the same manner as in Example 1, A molecular weight in terms of polystyrene was obtained as a PBO precursor having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 28,000. ⁇ -Butyrolactone was added to this alkali-soluble resin to obtain an alkali-soluble resin solution having a resin concentration of 35% by mass (P-10).
- ⁇ Comparative Example 1> As the reaction vessel, a glass separable three-necked flask equipped with a Teflon (registered trademark) vertical stirrer was used. 41.75 g (114 mmol) of 6FAP, 118 g of NMP, and 5.27 g (67 mmol) of pyridine were placed in a reaction vessel and dissolved. After 6FAP was dissolved, the reaction vessel was cooled by immersing it in a vessel in which dry ice was added to methanol. The total amount of reaction solution 2 prepared in Reference Example 3 (1,3-phenylenediacetic acid derivative 100 mmol) was all added dropwise to the above reaction solution while maintaining at ⁇ 19 to ⁇ 23 ° C.
- Teflon registered trademark
- the reaction vessel was immersed in an ice bath and stirred at 2 ° C. for 2 hours. Further, 10.6 g (134 mmol) of pyridine was added. Ethanol was added to the reaction solution to precipitate a polymer, which was recovered and dissolved in 300 ml of NMP. Subsequently, ion exchange was performed with 50 g of cation exchange resin and 50 g of anion exchange resin. This solution was dropped into 2 liters of ion-exchanged water under high-speed stirring to disperse and precipitate the polymer, recovered, washed with water and dehydrated as appropriate, and then vacuum dried to obtain a PBO precursor powder.
- a molecular weight in terms of polystyrene was obtained as a PBO precursor having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 21,000.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- This alkali-soluble resin was dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone to obtain an alkali-soluble resin solution having a resin concentration of 35% by mass (P-11).
- the molecular weight in terms of polystyrene was a single sharp curve having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 14500 and was a single composition.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- ⁇ -Butyrolactone was added to this alkali-soluble resin, but gelled when left overnight. Therefore, the alkali-soluble resin was dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone to obtain an alkali-soluble resin solution (P-14) having a resin concentration of 35% by mass.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 5> As a reaction vessel, a glass separable three-necked flask equipped with a Teflon (registered trademark) vertical stirrer was used. 41.75 g (114 mmol) of 6FAP, 118 g of NMP, and 5.27 g (67 mmol) of pyridine were placed in a reaction vessel and dissolved. After 6FAP was dissolved, the reaction vessel was cooled by immersing it in a vessel in which dry ice was added to methanol. 30.4 g (103 mmol) of DEDC was dissolved in 120 g of ⁇ -butyrolactone, and all of them were added dropwise to the above reaction solution while maintaining at ⁇ 19 to ⁇ 23 ° C.
- Teflon registered trademark
- reaction vessel was immersed in an ice bath and stirred at 2 ° C. for 2 hours. Further, 10.6 g (134 mmol) of pyridine was added. 10.83 g of 5-norbornene acid anhydride was added, and the mixture was heated in a 50 ° C. hot water bath for 18 hours. Ethanol and water were added to the reaction solution to precipitate a polymer, and then recovered and dissolved in 300 ml of NMP. Subsequently, ion exchange was performed with 50 g of cation exchange resin and 50 g of anion exchange resin.
- This solution was dropped into 2 liters of ion-exchanged water under high-speed stirring to disperse and precipitate the polymer, recovered, washed with water and dehydrated as appropriate, and then vacuum dried to obtain a PBO precursor powder.
- a molecular weight in terms of polystyrene was obtained as a PBO precursor having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 13,000.
- This alkali-soluble resin was dissolved in ⁇ -butyrolactone to obtain an alkali-soluble resin solution having a resin concentration of 35% by mass (P-15).
- ⁇ Reference Example 6> As a reaction vessel, a glass separable three-necked flask equipped with a Teflon (registered trademark) vertical stirrer was used. A reaction vessel was charged with 131.0 g of di-t-butyl dicarbonate and 780 g of ⁇ -butyrolactone, and a solution in which 132.8 g of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 270 g of ⁇ -butyrolactone were mixed at room temperature slowly. It was dripped. The reaction solution exothermed to about 40 ° C as it was added dropwise. With the reaction, generation of carbon dioxide gas was confirmed.
- Teflon registered trademark
- Tg glass transition temperature of cured film of photosensitive resin composition
- the photosensitive resin compositions of Examples 11 to 22 and Comparative Examples 6 to 10 were applied on a 6-inch silicon wafer by a spin coater (clean track Mark 7 manufactured by Tokyo Electron) and dried at 130 ° C. for 180 seconds. Then, using a temperature rising oven (VF200B manufactured by Koyo Thermo Systems Co., Ltd.), heating was performed at 320 ° C. for 1 hour under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a heat-resistant cured film having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m.
- VF200B temperature rising oven
- This cured film was cut to a width of 3 mm, immersed in a dilute hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution overnight to peel off the film piece, and dried, using a TMA apparatus (TMA-50, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) with a nitrogen flow rate of 50 ml / The glass transition temperature was measured under the conditions of min and a heating rate of 10 ° C./min. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
- the development time of this wafer was adjusted with a 2.38% TMAH aqueous solution (AZ300MIF manufactured by Clariant Japan Co., Ltd.) so that the film thickness after development was 9.3 ⁇ m (the remaining film ratio during development was 85%). Then, development was performed and rinsed with pure water for 15 seconds to obtain a relief pattern. This relief pattern is observed with a microscope, and the minimum exposure amount that can be dissolved and removed by the 3.5 ⁇ m square relief pattern in the exposed portion is defined as sensitivity. The results are shown in Table 2.
- a coating film having a thickness of 0.2 ⁇ m is produced with respect to the film thickness of 11.0 ⁇ m before development, and 25 mJ / cm 2 is added to the minimum exposure amount obtained when the initial film thickness is 11.0 ⁇ m.
- the exposure is performed, and the development time is fixed at the development time obtained when the initial film thickness is 11.0 ⁇ m, and development is performed, and when the film thickness is increased with respect to the original 11.0 ⁇ m, 3.
- a film thickness margin that can dissolve and remove the 5 ⁇ m square relief pattern was determined.
- Example 27 In acetone of Example 27 and butyl acetate of 28, the solvent quickly diffused during the coating, so that a coating film was formed in a star shape and could not be uniformly coated on the silicon wafer. Furthermore, the composition was allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 weeks under air release, and the rate of change in viscosity of the composition was determined. NMP and dimethylacetamide of Examples 24 and 25 were slightly cloudy after 2 weeks due to the influence of moisture in the air. In Examples 26, 27 and 28, the viscosity of the composition was increased. The GBL of Example 23 was excellent from the viewpoints of the flatness, sensitivity, film thickness margin, and stability of the coating film.
- Example 29 to 37 a small pattern of 3 microns or less adhered. Moreover, the thing containing the aliphatic amino group of Example 38 and the glycidyl group of Example 39 produced
- Example 7 the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cured film of the positive photosensitive resin composition was measured. The results are shown in Table 7. Moreover, the viscosity change rate after leaving each photosensitive resin composition to stand at room temperature for 4 weeks was measured. The results are also shown in Table 7. Examples 43 to 58 were more preferable because the glass transition temperature was higher and the chemical resistance was improved as compared with the unadded product of Example 59.
- n2 is an integer of 1 to 20, and its average is 9.
- the patterned silicon wafer thus obtained was heated at 320 ° C. for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere using a temperature rising oven (VF200B manufactured by Koyo Thermo Systems Co., Ltd.), and heat-resistant curing retaining the pattern shape after development.
- a membrane was obtained.
- Examples 60 to 72 were preferable in terms of high photosensitivity and a wider film thickness margin.
- ⁇ Evaluation of monocarboxylic acid compound> Into the alkali-soluble resin solution (P-1) obtained in each of the above Examples 1, the photosensitive diazonaphthoquinone compound PAC-1 obtained in Reference Example 6 was added in an amount of 14 parts per 100 parts by mass of pure alkali-soluble resin resin.
- the patterned silicon wafer thus obtained was heated at 320 ° C. for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere using a temperature rising oven (VF200B manufactured by Koyo Thermo Systems Co., Ltd.), and heat-resistant curing that maintained the pattern shape after development.
- a membrane was obtained. Examples 75 to 81 were preferable in terms of high sensitivity and a wider film thickness margin.
- the photosensitive resin composition of the present invention can be suitably used in the fields of semiconductor protective films, interlayer insulating films, liquid crystal alignment films, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
また、耐熱性感光性樹脂組成物を使用して、パターンを形成する際に使用する希薄アルカリ現像液としては、通常は2.38重量%テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド水溶液(以下、「2.38%TMAH水溶液」ともいう)が半導体製造工程に使用されるため、2.38%TMAH水溶液で現像が可能なことが強く求められている。
さらに、半導体装置の製造工程で、保護膜用途の感光性組成物を塗布するシリコンウェハーは、既に配線回路や外部接続用端子が形成されている。その為に、表面が均一ではない。その影響で、感光性樹脂組成物を配線回路や外部接続用端子が形成されたシリコンウェハーに塗布した場合、感光性樹脂組成物層の膜厚がウェハー面内で均一でなくなる。通常の保護膜用途の感光性樹脂組成物では、塗布された膜厚が変化した場合、パターン形成に必要とする露光量と現像時間を変化させる必要があり、膜厚が変化した場合のパターン形成プロセスの余裕度(マージン)が狭いといった問題があった。同一露光量、同一現像時間でパターンを形成する場合の膜厚マージンが広い感光性樹脂組成物が強く求められている。
以下の特許文献9には、ポリベンゾアゾール樹脂からなるガスバリヤフィルムの開示がある。
以下の特許文献10には、PBO前駆体樹脂と放射線照射により酸を発生する化合物及び酸の作用により樹脂を架橋し得る化合物を含むネガ型感光性樹脂組成物の開示がある。
その結果、特定骨格を有する樹脂が、γ-ブチロラクトンに可溶であり、水銀ランプのi線に対する透明性が高く、PACとの相互作用も十分に強く高感度であることを見出し、現像後のレリーフパターンのプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルへの溶解性に優れ、同一露光量、同一現像時間でパターンを形成する場合の膜厚マージンが広いポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を得ることが可能となった。このアルカリ可溶性樹脂を使用したポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を検討した結果、本発明をなすに至った。
さらに、放射線照射により酸を発生する化合物及び酸の作用により樹脂を架橋し得る化合物を本発明の樹脂と組み合わせて検討した結果、上記課題を解決するネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を得ることができ、本発明をなすに至った。
[1]下記一般式(1):
で表される化合物からなる群より選ばれる、前記[11]に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
本発明の樹脂(a)は、下記一般式(1)に記載の構造を分子内に有する樹脂である。下記一般式(1)の構造が繰り返し単位であることが好ましい。
また、ジカルボン酸として、テトラカルボン酸二無水物を有機溶媒中で炭素数1~20のアルコール化合物とピリジンなどの触媒を用いて反応させたジエステル基含有ジカルボン酸を共重合ジカルボン酸として用いてもよい。このようなテトラカルボン酸の例については後述する。
ジカルボン酸として、例えば、ビス(カルボキシ)トリシクロ[5,2,1,02,6]デカンと芳香族ジカルボン酸に用い、フェノール性水酸基を有するジアミンとして、例えば、2,2-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパンと2,2-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパンをフェノール性ジアミンを用いて共重合する場合は、2,2-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパンとビス(カルボキシ)トリシクロ[5,2,1,02,6]デカンを先に重縮合し、引き続き、2,2-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパンを加え、芳香族ジカルボン酸を加えて、重縮合を行うブロック共重合の手法を採ることが、アルカリ可溶性樹脂のi線透過性が感度から好ましい。
上記イミドユニットを合成する際の脱水縮合反応は、上記テトラカルボン酸二無水物と上記フェノール性ジアミンとを酸又は塩基触媒の存在下、30℃~220℃、好ましくは170℃~200℃に加熱することにより行うことができる。酸触媒としては、ポリイミドの製造に通常用いられている硫酸のような無機酸やp-トルエンスルホン酸のような有機酸を用いることが可能である。γ-バレロラクトンとピリジンを使用してもよい。塩基触媒としては、ピリジン、トリエチルアミン、ジメチルアミノピリジン、1,8-ジアザビシクロ(5,4,0)ウンデセン-7、1,3,5,7-テトラアザトリシクロ(3,3,1,1,3,7)デカン、トリエチレンジアミンなどを用いてもよい。さらに、特に重縮合触媒等を加えずに、反応液の温度をイミド化反応が生ずる温度以上で保持し、脱水反応により生ずる水をトルエン等の水との共沸溶媒を利用して反応系外へ除き、イミド化脱水縮合反応を完結させる方法でもよい。
上記ポリイミドユニットを製造する際には、前述のフェノール性ジアミン以外に必要に応じて前述の非フェノール性ジアミンを共重合することで、アルカリ水溶液に対する溶解性や物性をコントロールしてもよい。
なお、2以上のテトラカルボン酸二無水物若しくは2以上のフェノール性ジアミン又は非フェノール性ジアミンを用いる場合、逐次反応を利用したブロック共重縮合体としてもよいし、3成分以上の原料を仕込む場合に、反応系に同時に原料を仕込み、ランダム共重縮合体としても構わない。
(A)アルカリ可溶性樹脂
ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物とするには、本発明の樹脂(a)を含む(A)アルカリ可溶性樹脂が必須成分である。樹脂(a)以外のアルカリ可溶性樹脂としては、例えば、フェノール性水酸基及びカルボキシル基からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの基を有し、アルカリ水溶液に可溶な樹脂又はそれらの前駆体であるが、具体的には、ノボラック樹脂やレゾール樹脂に代表されるフェノール樹脂及びその誘導体、ポリヒドロキシスチレン及びその誘導体、これら樹脂を分子内に共重合した構造を有する樹脂、本発明の樹脂(a)以外のPBO前駆体であるアルカリ水溶液可溶性重合体、フェノール性水酸基を有するアルカリ水溶液可溶性のポリイミド、テトラカルボン酸とジアミンより誘導されアミド結合のオルト位にカルボキシル基を有すポリイミド前駆体等が、挙げられる。
本発明においては、所望の効果を発揮するために、本発明の樹脂(a)の(A)アルカリ可溶性樹脂に占める比率は、10質量%以上であつことが好ましく、20質量%以上がより好ましく、40質量%以上がさらに好ましい。
ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物(以下、「本組成物」ともいう。)を作製する場合に用いられる感光性ジアゾナフトキノン化合物は、以降に詳述する特定構造を有するポリヒドロキシ化合物の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-4-スルホン酸エステル、及び、該ポリヒドロキシ化合物の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-5-スルホン酸エステルからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の化合物(以下、「ポリヒドロキシ化合物のNQD化物」ともいう。)である。
1.下記一般式(B1)で表されるポリヒドロキシ化合物のNQD化物
本発明の樹脂を用いて、樹脂組成物を作製する場合に用いられる有機溶剤としては、極性溶媒であるN-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラメチル尿素、γ-ブチロラクトン、及びモルフォリン等が挙げられる。その他、この極性溶媒以外に、一般的有機溶媒であるケトン類、エステル類、ラクトン類、エーテル類、ハロゲン化炭化水素類、炭化水素類を混合してもよく、例えば、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、シュウ酸ジエチル、乳酸エチル、乳酸メチル、乳酸ブチル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ベンジルアルコール、フェニルグリコール、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、ジクロロメタン、1,2-ジクロロエタン、1,4-ジクロロブタン、クロロベンゼン、o-ジクロロベンゼン、アニソール、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、メシチレン等も使用することができる。これらの中で、γ-ブチロラクトンが感光性樹脂組成物にした場合、プリベーク膜の面内均一性が優れる点、感度が高い点、同一露光量、同一現像時間でパターンを形成する場合の膜厚マージンが広いこと、感光性ジアゾナフトキノン化合物等の感光剤の析出性が低く組成物の安定性が高い点から最も好ましい。
本発明の樹脂組成物には、必要に応じて基板との密着性を高めるために(D)アルコキシシラン化合物を加えてもよい。アルコキシシラン化合物の具体的な好ましい例としては、3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリアルコキシシラン、3-メタクリロキシプロピルジアルコキシアルキルシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルトリアルコキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルジアルコキシアルキルシラン、3-アミノプロピルトリアルコキシシラン又は3-アミノプロピルジアルコキシアルキルシランと、酸無水物又は酸二無水物との反応物、3-アミノプロピルトリアルコキシシラン又は3-アミノプロピルジアルコキシアルキルシランのアミノ基をウレタン基やウレア基に変換したものが挙げられる。この際のアルキル基としてはメチル基、エチル基、ブチル基などが、酸無水物としてはマレイン酸無水物、フタル酸無水物などが、酸二無水物としてはピロメリット酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物などが、ウレタン基としてはt-ブトキシカルボニルアミノ基などが、ウレア基としてはフェニルアミノカルボニルアミノ基などが挙げられる。
本発明の樹脂組成物には、必要に応じて熱硬化後の膜のガラス転移温度を向上したり、各種有機溶媒に対する耐溶剤性を向上する目的で、熱により架橋反応を起こす化合物(今後、熱架橋剤とも言う)を加えてもよい。ここで、架橋反応を起こす温度としては、150~350℃が好ましい。架橋反応は、現像によりパターン形成をした後の加熱処理の際に生じる。具体的な成分としては、エポキシ基、メチロール基、アルコキシメチル基、又はオキセタン基を有する化合物、及びビスアリルナジイミド化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種の化合物が好ましい。
本発明の樹脂組成物には、ポリマーの種類や分子量に応じて変化するポリマーのアルカリ溶解速度に対して、適正な現像時間の範囲内で現像が可能となるように、上記(F)化合物を含有してもよい。
さらに、興人社製DMAEA、DMAPAA、DMAA、ACMO、NIPAM、DEAA等が挙げられる。これらの化合物は単独で使用しても2つ以上混合して使用してもよい。
感度を向上する目的でカルボキシル基を分子内に有する有機化合物を添加してもよい。具体的には、炭素原子数4~20のカルボン酸化合物が好ましく、直鎖構造、分岐構造、又は環式構造を有し、該有機基の炭素数が6~12であることがより好ましい。具体的には、ソルビン酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、アジピン酸、2-メチル-4-ペンテン酸、4-メチル-2-ペンテン酸、2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸、2-メチル-n-吉草酸、3-メチル-n-吉草酸、4-メチル-n-吉草酸、2-エチル酪酸、ヘプタン酸、オクタン酸、n-ノナン酸、イソノナン酸、デカン酸、DL-ロイシン酸、2-ヘプテン酸、2-オクテン酸、2-ノネン酸、2-デセン酸、9-デセン酸、2-ドデセン酸、10-ウンデセン酸、3-シクロヘキセン-1-カルボン酸、1-シクロヘキセン-3-カルボン酸、シクロヘキサンカルボン酸、シクロペンチル酢酸、シクロヘキシル酢酸、シクロヘキシルプロピオン酸、4-シクロヘキサン酪酸、5-ノルボルネン-2-カルボン酸、p-アニス酸、2,4-ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、3,5-ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、o-トルイル酸、m-トルイル酸、p-トルイル酸、o-アニス酸、 m-アニス酸、p-アニ酸、サリチル酸、2,4-ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、3,5-ジヒドロキシ安息香酸、3-フェニル乳酸、4-ヒドロキシフェニル乳酸、4-ヒドロキシマンデル酸、3,4-ジヒドロキシマンデル酸、4-ヒドロキシ-3-メトキシマンデル酸、2-メトキシ-2-(1-ナフチル)プロピオン酸、マンデル酸、アトロラクチ酸、アセチルマンデル酸、α-メトキシフェニル酢酸等が挙げられる。これらカルボン酸化合物の中で、m-トルイル酸、α-メトキシフェニル酢酸が感度の向上、現像時のパターンの基材との密着性が高い点から、特に好ましい。
(G)カルボキシル基を分子内に有する有機化合物の配合量は、(A)アルカリ可溶性樹脂100質量部に対して1~30質量部が好ましく、5~10質量部がより好ましい。カルボン酸化合物の配合量が1質量部以上だと露光部の現像残渣が少なくなり、感度も向上し、また、シリコン基板との密着性も良好であり、一方、30質量部以下だと硬化時による膜減りが少なく、硬化後の膜の引っ張り伸び率と良好である。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物には、必要に応じて、染料、界面活性剤、溶解促進剤、接着助剤などを添加することも可能である。
上記添加剤について更に具体的に述べると、染料としては、メチルバイオレット、クリスタルバイオレット、マラカイトグリーン等が挙げられる。
染料を添加する場合の添加量は、(A)アルカリ可溶性樹脂100質量部に対して0.01~5.0質量部の範囲が好ましい。
界面活性剤を添加する場合の添加量は、(A)アルカリ可溶性樹脂100質量部に対して0.01~5.0質量部の範囲が好ましい。
溶解促進剤を添加する場合の添加量は、(A)アルカリ可溶性樹脂100質量部に対して0.5~20.0質量部の範囲が好ましい。
また、密着性を高めるための接着助剤を加えてもよい。そのような接着助剤としては、アルキルイミダゾリン、酪酸、ポリヒドロキシスチレン、ポリビニルメチルエーテル、t-ブチルノボラック、エポキシシラン、エポキシポリマー、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、が挙げられる。接着助剤を添加する場合の添加量は、(A)アルカリ可溶性樹脂100質量部に対して添加量0.1~20質量部が好ましい。
本発明の(A)アルカリ可溶性樹脂に、(H)活性光線照射により酸を発生する化合物、及び(I)酸の作用により樹脂を架橋し得る化合物を含むことでネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を作製することができる。以下、その詳細な説明を行う。
(H)活性光線照射により酸を発生する化合物
本発明に使用される(H)活性光線照射により酸を発生する化合物には、活性光線照射により酸を発生する化合物であり、このような化合物としては例えば、以下の化合物が挙げられる。
トリス(2,4,6-トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-フェニル-ビス(4,6-トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(3-クロロフェニル)-ビス(4,6-トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(2-クロロフェニル)-ビス(4,6-トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(4-メトキシフェニル)-ビス(4,6-トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(3-メトキシフェニル)-ビス(4,6-トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(2-メトキシフェニル)-ビス(4,6-トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(4-メチルチオフェニル)-ビス(4,6-トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(3-メチルチオフェニル)ビス(4,6-トリクロロメチル-s-トリアジン、2-(2-メチルチオフェニル)-ビス(4,6-トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(4-メトキシナフチル)-ビス(4,6-トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(3-メトキシナフチル)-ビス(4,6-トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(2-メトキシナフチル)-ビス(4,6-トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(3,4,5-トリメトキシ-β-スチリル)-ビス(4,6-トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(4-メチルチオ-β―スチリル)-ビス(4,6-トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(3-メチルチオ-β―スチリル)-ビス(4,6-トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(2-メチルチオ-β-スチリル)-ビス(4,6-トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン等。
ジフェニルヨードニウムテトラフルオロボレート、ジフェニルヨードニウムテトラフルオロホスフェート、ジフェニルヨードニウムテトラフルオロアルセネート、ジフェニルヨードニウムトリフルオロメタンスルホナート、ジフェニルヨードニウムトリフルオロアセテート、ジフェニルヨードニウム-p-トルエンスルホナート、4-メトキシフェニルフェニルヨードニウムテトラフルオロボレート、4-メトキシフェニルフェニルヨードニウムヘキサフルオロホスホネート、4-メトキシフェニルフェニルヨードニウムヘキサフルオロアルセネート、4-メトキシフェニルフェニルヨードニウムトリフルオロメタンスホナート、4-メトキシフェニルフェニルヨードニウムトリフルオロアセテート、4-メトキシフェニルフェニルヨードニウム-p-トルエンスルホナート、ビス(4-ter-ブチルフェニル)ヨードニウムテトラフルオロボレート、ビス(4-ter-ブチルフェニル)ヨードニウムヘキサフルオロアルセネート、ビス(4-ter-ブチルフェニル)ヨードニウムトリフルオロメタンスルホナート、ビス(4-ter-ブチルフェニル)ヨードニウムトリフルオロアセテート、ビス(4-ter-ブチルフェニル)ヨードニウム-p-トルエンスルホナート等。
トリフェニルスルホニウムテトラフルオロボレート、トリフェニルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスホネート、トリフェニルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロアルセネート、トリフェニルスルホニウムメタンスルホナート、トリフェニルスルホニウムトリフルオロアセテート、トリフェニルスルホニウム-p-トルエンスルホナート、4-メトキシフェニルジフェニルスルホニウムテトラフルオロボレート、4-メトキシフェニルジフェニルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスホネート、4-メトキシフェニルジフェニルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロアルセネート、4-メトキシフェニルジフェニルスルホニウムメタンスルホナート、4-メトキシフェニルジフェニルスルホニウムトリフルオロアセテート、4-メトキシフェニルジフェニルスルホニウム-p-トルエンスルホナート、4-フェニルチオフェニルジフェニルテトラフルオロボレート、4-フェニルチオフェニルジフェニルヘキサフルオロホスホネート、4-フェニルチオフェニルジフェニルヘキサフルオロアルセネート、4-フェニルチオフェニルジフェニルトリフルオロメタンスルホナート、4-フェニルチオフェニルジフェニルトリフルオロアセテート、4-フェニルチオフェニルジフェニルーp-トルエンスルホナート等。
(1)ジアゾケトン化合物
ジアゾケトン化合物として、例えば、1,3-ジケト-2-ジアゾ化合物、ジアゾベンゾキノン化合物、ジアゾナフトキノン化合物等を挙げることができ、具体例としてはフェノール類の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-4-スルホン酸エステル化合物を挙げることができる。
スルホン化合物として、例えば、β-ケトスルホン化合物、β-スルホニルスルホン化合物又はこれらの化合物のα-ジアゾ化合物を挙げることができ、具体例として、4-トリスフェナシルスルホン、メシチルフェナシルスルホン、ビス(フェナシルスルホニル)メタン等を挙げることができる。
スルホン酸化合物として、例えば、アルキルスルホン酸エステル類、ハロアルキルスルホン酸エステル類、アリールスルホン酸エステル類、イミノスルホネート類等を挙げることができる。好ましい具体例としては、ベンゾイントシレート、ピロガロールトリストリフルオロメタンスルホネート、o-ニトロベンジルトリフルオロメタンスルホネート、o-ニトロベンジルp-トルエンスルホネート等を挙げることができる。
スルホンイミド化合物の具体例として、例えば、N-(トリフルオロメチルスルホニルオキシ)スクシンイミド、N-(トリフルオロメチルスルホニルオキシ)フタルイミド、N-(トリフルオロメチルスルホニルオキシ)ジフェニルマレイミド、N-(トリフルオロメチルスルホニルオキシ)ビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプト-5-エン-2,3-ジカルボキシイミド、N-(トリフルオロメチルスルホニルオキシ)ナフチルイミド等を挙げることができる。
2-[2-(4-メチルフェニルスルホニルオキシイミノ)]-2,3-ジヒドロチオフェン-3-イリデン]-2-(2-メチルフェニル)アセトニトリル(チバスペシャルティケミカルズ社商品名「イルガキュアPAG121」)、[2-(プロピルスルホニルオキシイミノ)-2,3-ジヒドロチオフェン-3-イリデン]-2-(2-メチルフェニル)アセトニトリル(チバスペシャルティケミカルズ社商品名「イルガキュアPAG103」)等を挙げることができる。
ジアゾメタン化合物の具体例として、例えば、ビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)ジアゾメタン、ビス(シクロヘキシルスルホニル)ジアゾメタン、ビス(フェニルスルホニル)ジアゾメタン等を挙げることができる。
とりわけ、感度の観点から、上記(5)オキシムエステル化合物が好ましい。
以下、(I)酸の作用により上記耐熱性ポリマーを架橋し得る化合物について説明する。この酸の作用により該ポリマー架橋し得る化合物を添加すると、塗膜を加熱硬化する際に、上記(A)耐熱性ポリマーを架橋しうるか又はそれ自身が架橋ネットワークを形成しうるので、耐熱性を強化することができる。
(I)酸の作用により該ポリマーを架橋し得る化合物成分は、N位がメチロール基又はアルコキシメチル基で置換されたメラミン樹脂及びその単量体、並びに尿素樹脂及びその単量体から選ばれることが好ましい。これらの例として、アルコキシメチル化メラミン樹脂、アルコキシメチル化ベンゾグアナミン樹脂、アルコキシメチル化グリコールウリル樹脂、アルコキシメチル化尿素樹脂、及びこれらの単量体を挙げることができる。これらの内、アルコキシメチル化メラミン樹脂、アルコキシメチル化ベンゾグアナミン樹脂、アルコキシメチル化グリコールウリル樹脂、アルコキシメチル化尿素樹脂、及びこれらの単量体は、対応する公知のメチロール化メラミン樹脂、メチロール化ベンゾグアナミン樹脂、メチロール化尿素樹脂、及びその単量体のメチロール基をアルコキシメチル基に変換することにより得られる。
これらの(I)酸の作用により架橋し得る化合物の添加量は、(A)アルカリ可溶性樹脂100質量部に対して、好ましくは、3~50質量部であり、より好ましくは5~30質量部である。この添加量が3質量部以上であると架橋が十分に進行し、パターニング性が良好となり、一方、この添加量が50質量部以下だと、キュア後の機械物性は保たれる。
その他、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物には、ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物で説明した(C)有機溶剤、(D)接着助剤、(E)熱により本発明の樹脂と架橋反応を起こす化合物、(その他添加剤)を必要に応じて添加してもよい。
本発明の感光性樹脂組成物を用いて基板上に硬化レリーフパターンを形成する方法(以下、「本方法」ともいう。)の一例を以下に示す。
まず、該組成物を層またはフィルムの形で基板上に形成する塗布工程を行う。該基板としては、例えばシリコンウェハー、セラミック基板、アルミ基板などに塗布する。この時、形成するレリーフパターンと基板との接着性を向上させるため、予め該基板にシランカップリング剤などの接着助剤を塗布しておいてもよい。該組成物の塗布方法は、スピンナーを用いた回転塗布、スプレーコーターを用いた噴霧塗布、浸漬、印刷、ロールコーティング等で行う。
このような加熱処理装置として、ホットプレート、オーブン、温度プログラムを設定できる昇温式オーブンが挙げられる。加熱処理を行う際の雰囲気気体としては空気を用いてもよく、窒素、アルゴン等の不活性ガスを用いることもできる。また、より低温にて熱処理を行う必要が有る際には、真空ポンプ等を利用して減圧下にて加熱を行ってもよい。本発明の樹脂は、従来のPBO前駆体樹脂と比較して、250℃という比較的、低温で、ポリベンゾオキサゾールに対する脱水閉環化反応を完結することができ、結果として機械伸度も40%を超えるようになる。これは、半導体装置の信頼性を高める上でも好ましい。
上述の硬化レリーフパターンの形成方法を、半導体装置のバッファーコート膜又は層間絶縁膜の形成方法として公知の半導体装置製造方法と組み合わせることで、半導体装置を製造することが可能となる。
<参考例1>
(ビス(クロロカルボニル)トリシクロ[5,2,1,02,6]デカンの製造)
テフロン(登録商標)製の碇型攪拌器を取り付けた、ガラス製のセパラブル3つ口フラスコに、トリシクロ[5,2,1,02,6]デカンジメタノール(東京化成工業社製)71.9g(0.366モル)をアセトニトリル1Lに溶解した溶液、並びにイオン交換水1.4Lにりん酸水素二ナトリウム256.7g(1.808モル)及びりん酸二水素ナトリウム217.1g(1.809モル)を溶解した溶液を反応溶液として入れた。これに、2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン-1-オキシル(東京化成工業社製以下、「TEMPO」ともいう)2.8g(0.0179モル)を添加し、攪拌して溶解させた。
反応後、反応液を12℃に冷却し、イオン交換水300ミリリットルに亜硫酸ナトリウム75gを溶解させた水溶液を反応液に滴下し、過剰の亜塩素酸ナトリウムを失活させた後、500ミリリットルの酢酸エチルで洗浄した。その後、10%塩酸115ミリリットルを滴下して反応液のpHを3-4に調整し、デカンテーションにより沈殿物を回収した。この沈殿物をテトラヒドロフラン200ミリリットルに溶解した。また、水層を500ミリリットルの酢酸エチルで2回抽出した後、食塩水で洗浄し、析出物を同じくテトラヒドロフランの溶液に溶解した。上記テトラヒドロフラン溶液を混ぜて、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させた。この溶液をエバポレーターで濃縮、乾燥させることで、ビス(カルボキシ)トリシクロ[5,2,1,02,6]デカン58.4g(収率71.1%)の白色結晶物を得た。
ガラス製100ミリリットル3つ口フラスコに、5-アミノイソフタル酸(メルク社製)2.71g(15ミリモル)をN-メチル-2-ピロリドン30g、ピリジン2.37g(30ミリモル)に溶解した溶液を入れ、これに、γ-ブチロラクトン5.4gに溶解したクロロ蟻酸エチル(東京化成工業社製)1.79g(15.7ミリモル)を滴下した。これを、0℃まで氷冷し、γ-ブチロラクトン15gに溶解した塩化チオニル5.35g(45ミリモル)を30分かけて10℃を超えないように滴下した。10℃を超えないように氷冷しながら1時間攪拌した後、室温に戻し、真空ポンプを用いて、未反応の塩化チオニルと副生物の亜硫酸ガスを留去し、γ―アミノイソフタル酸誘導体を合成した。これを反応液1とした。
ガラス製のセパラブル3つ口フラスコに、1,3-フェニレン二酢酸(東京化成工業株式会社製)19.42g(100ミリモル)、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(以後「NMP」ともいう)77g、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド2滴をに入れ、テフロン(登録商標)製の攪拌子とマグネチックスターラーを用いて、攪拌し、溶解させた。この反応液をドライアイスで冷却したメタノールバスを用いて、-7~-15℃に冷却し、塩化チオニル(東京化成工業株式会社製)28.56g(240ミリモル)を反応液に滴下した後、反応容器を氷浴に浸して1時間攪拌した。さらに、真空ポンプを用いて、未反応の塩化チオニルと副生物の亜硫酸ガスを30分減圧留去し、1,3-フェニレン二酢酸誘導体を合成したこれを反応液2とした。
ガラス製の3つ口フラスコに、1,4-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸(東京化成工業株式会社製)19.80g(115ミリモル)、γ-ブチロラクトン60g、塩化ベンジルトリエチルアミン(東京化成工業株式会社製)0.28g(1.24ミリモル)を入れ、テフロン(登録商標)製の攪拌子とマグネチックスターラーを用いて、攪拌し、溶解させた。反応容器を氷浴に浸し、3~5℃に冷却し、塩化チオニル32.84g(276ミリモル)を反応液に滴下した後、30分間攪拌した。さらに、真空ポンプを用いて、未反応の塩化チオニルと副生物の亜硫酸ガスを30分減圧留去し、1,4-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸誘導体を合成した。これを反応液3とした。
<実施例1>
テフロン(登録商標)製の碇型攪拌器を取り付けた、ガラス製の1Lセパラブル3つ口フラスコに、ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン(クラリアントジャパン社製)(以下、「6FAP」ともいう)91.56g(250ミリモル)、DMAc183g、γ-ブチロラクトン550g、ピリジン25gを入れて、溶解させた。6FAPが溶解した後、反応容器をメタノールにドライアイスを加えた容器に浸して冷却した。参考例1で製造したビス(クロロカルボニル)トリシクロ[5,2,1,02,6]デカン(以下、「DCPD-2COCl」ともいう)62.02g(238ミリモル)をγ-ブチロラクトン186gに溶解させ、5~-20℃に保って60分を要して反応容器に滴下した。滴下終了後、反応容器を氷浴に浸し、0~10℃に保って30分攪拌した。さらにピリジン12.50gを加えた。
上記反応液にエタノール310g水900gを加えていき、重合体を析出させた後、回収し、γ-ブチロラクトン470gに溶解せた。次いで、陽イオン交換樹脂(オルガノ社製、アンバーリストA21)77g、陰イオン交換樹脂(オルガノ社製、アンバーリスト15)95gを用いてイオン交換した。この溶液をイオン交換水5リットルに高速攪拌下で滴下し、重合体を分散析出させ、回収し、適宜水洗、脱水の後に真空乾燥を施し、PBO前駆体ユニットからなるアルカリ可溶性樹脂の紛体を得た。
カラム:昭和電工社製 商標名 Shodex 805M/806M直列
容離液:N-メチルピロリドン 40℃
流速 :1.0ml/分
検出器:日本分光社製 商標名 RI-930
ポリスチレン換算の分子量は重量平均分子量(Mw)29,300の単一のシャープな曲線であり、単一組成物であった。このアルカリ可溶性樹脂にγ-ブチロラクトンを加えて、35質量%樹脂濃度のアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液を調製した(P-1)。
実施例1のDCPD-2COCl 62.02g(238ミリモル)の代わりに58.75g(225ミリモル)を用い、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、ポリスチレン換算の分子量は重量平均分子量(Mw)19,000のPBO前駆体を得た。このアルカリ可溶性樹脂にγ-ブチロラクトンを加えて、35質量%樹脂濃度のアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液を得た(P-2)。
実施例1のDCPD-2COCl 62.02g(238ミリモル)の代わりに57.12g(219ミリモル)を用い、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、ポリスチレン換算の分子量は重量平均分子量(Mw)10,000のPBO前駆体を得た。このアルカリ可溶性樹脂にγ-ブチロラクトンを加えて、35質量%樹脂濃度のアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液を得た(P-3)。
実施例1の6FAP91.56g(250ミリモル)の代わりに、6FAP45.78g(125ミリモル)と、ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン(クラリアントジャパン社製)(以下、「BAP」ともいう)32.30g(125ミリモル)を用い、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、ポリスチレン換算の分子量は重量平均分子量(Mw)30,000のPBO前駆体を得た。このアルカリ可溶性樹脂にγ-ブチロラクトンを加えて、35質量%樹脂濃度のアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液を得た(P-4)。
実施例1の6FAP91.56g(250ミリモル)の代わりに、6FAP68.67g(187.5ミリモル)と、ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン(クラリアントジャパン社製)16.15g(62.5ミリモル)を用い、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、ポリスチレン換算の分子量は重量平均分子量(Mw)29,000のPBO前駆体を得た。このアルカリ可溶性樹脂にγ-ブチロラクトンを加えて、35質量%樹脂濃度のアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液を得た(P-5)。
実施例1のDCPD-2COCl62.02g(238ミリモル)の代わりに、DCPD-2COCl31.08g(119ミリモル)と4,4’-オキシビス安息香酸クロライド(日本農薬社製)(以後、「DEDC」、ともいう)35.12g(119ミリモル)を用い、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、ポリスチレン換算の分子量は重量平均分子量(Mw)33,000のPBO前駆体を得た。このアルカリ可溶性樹脂にγ-ブチロラクトンを加えて、35質量%樹脂濃度のアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液を得た(P-6)。
実施例1のDCPD-2COCl62.02g(238ミリモル)の代わりに、DCPD-2COCl46.61g(178.5ミリモル)と4,4’-オキシビス安息香酸クロライド(日本農薬社製)17.56g(59.5ミリモル)を用い、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、ポリスチレン換算の分子量は重量平均分子量(Mw)31,000のPBO前駆体を得た。このアルカリ可溶性樹脂にγ-ブチロラクトンを加えて、35質量%樹脂濃度のアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液を得た(P-7)。
テフロン(登録商標)製の碇型攪拌器を取り付けた、ガラス製の1Lセパラブル3つ口フラスコに、6FAP54.94g(150ミリモル)、DMAc183g、γ-ブチロラクトン550g、ピリジン25gを入れて溶解させた。6FAPが溶解した後、反応容器をメタノールにドライアイスを加えた容器に浸して冷却した。次にDEDC29.51g(100ミリモル)をγ-ブチロラクトン120gに溶解し、5~-20℃に保って30分を要して反応容器に滴下した。次にBAP25.8g(100ミリモル)を反応容器に加え、溶解した後、DCPD-2COCl35.91g(138ミリモル)をγ-ブチロラクトン108gに溶解させた溶液を、5~-20℃に保って40分を要して反応容器に滴下した。滴下終了後、反応容器を氷浴に浸し、0~10℃に保って30分攪拌した。さらにピリジン12.50gを加えた。その後は、実施例1と同様の操作を行って、ポリスチレン換算の分子量は重量平均分子量(Mw)36,000のPBO前駆体を得た。このアルカリ可溶性樹脂にγ-ブチロラクトンを加えて、35質量%樹脂濃度のアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液を得た(P-8)。
テフロン(登録商標)製の碇型攪拌器を取り付けた、ガラス製のセパラブル3つ口フラスコに、ディーンスタークトラップ付冷却管を取り付けた。ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)エーテル二無水物(マナック社製)18.61g(60ミリモル)、6FAP43.95g(120ミリモル)を仕込んだ。さらに、溶媒としてγ-ブチロラクトン110g、トルエン22gを加えた。40℃に加温し、窒素雰囲気下100rpmで90分攪拌した。その後、NMPを150g、ピリジン2.37g(30ミリモル)を反応溶液に加え、メタノールにドライアイスを加えた容器に浸して冷却した。DCDP-2COCl13.05g(50ミリモル)をγ―ブチロラクトン26gに溶解し、これを-5~-10℃に保って全て上記反応液に滴下した。滴下終了後、反応容器を氷浴に浸し、0~10℃に保って2時間攪拌した。さらにピリジン5.53g(70ミリモル)を加えた。次に、5-ノルボルネン酸-2,3-無水物(東京化成工業社製)3.28g(20ミリモル)を加え、50℃で20時間攪拌した。その後、180℃の油浴につけて加熱を始め、液全体を180rpmで攪拌した。反応中、副生成物である水がトルエンと共沸して留出し、30分毎に還流管の底に溜まっている水を抜いた。加熱してから2時間後、室温に戻し、上記反応液に貧溶媒を加えていき、重合体を析出させた後、回収し、NMP300ミリリットルに溶解させた。次いで、陽イオン交換樹脂50g、陰イオン交換樹脂50gでイオン交換した。この溶液をイオン交換水2リットルに高速攪拌下で滴下し、重合体を分散析出させ、回収し、適宜水洗、脱水の後に真空乾燥を施し、PBO前駆体とPIの共重合体の紛体を得た。ポリスチレン換算の分子量は重量平均分子量(Mw)21,000のPBO前駆体とPIの共重合体を得た。このアルカリ可溶性樹脂にγ-ブチロラクトンを加えて、35質量%樹脂濃度のアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液を調製した(P-9)。
実施例1のDCPD-2COCl62.02g(238ミリモル)の代わりに、DCPD-2COCl54.32g(208ミリモル)と参考例2で製造した反応液1を全量用い、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、ポリスチレン換算の分子量は重量平均分子量(Mw)28,000のPBO前駆体を得た。このアルカリ可溶性樹脂にγ-ブチロラクトンを加えて、35質量%樹脂濃度のアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液を得た(P-10)。
反応容器としては、テフロン(登録商標)製の碇型攪拌器を取り付けた、ガラス製のセパラブル3つ口フラスコを用いた。6FAP41.75g(114ミリモル)、NMP118g、ピリジン5.27g(67ミリモル)を反応容器に入れ溶解させた。6FAPが溶解した後、反応容器をメタノールにドライアイスを加えた容器に浸して冷却した。参考例3で製造した反応液2全量(1,3-フェニレン二酢酸誘導体100ミリモル)を、-19~-23℃に保って全て上記反応液に滴下した。滴下終了後、反応容器を氷浴に浸し、0~10℃に保って2時間攪拌した。さらにピリジン10.6g(134ミリモル)を加えた。上記反応液にエタノールを加えていき、重合体を析出させた後、回収し、NMP300ミリリットルに溶解させた。次いで、陽イオン交換樹脂50g、陰イオン交換樹脂50gでイオン交換した。この溶液をイオン交換水2リットルに高速攪拌下で滴下し、重合体を分散析出させ、回収し、適宜水洗、脱水の後に真空乾燥を施し、PBO前駆体の紛体を得た。ポリスチレン換算の分子量は重量平均分子量(Mw)21,000のPBO前駆体を得た。このアルカリ可溶性樹脂にN-メチルピロリドンに溶解し、35質量%樹脂濃度のアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液を得た(P-11)。
比較例1の6FAP41.75g(114ミリモル)の代わりに、6FAP44.7g(122ミリモル)を、反応液2の代わりに、参考例4で作成した反応液3全量(1,4-シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸誘導体115ミリモル)を用い、比較例1と同様の操作を行い、ポリスチレン換算の分子量は重量平均分子量(Mw)20,500のPBO前駆体を得た。そこでアルカリ可溶性樹脂をN-メチルピロリドンに溶解し、35質量%樹脂濃度のアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液を得た(P-12)。
比較例2の6FAP44.7g(122ミリモル)の代わりに、BAP31.56g(122ミリモル)を用い、比較例2と同様の操作を行い、ポリスチレン換算の分子量は重量平均分子量(Mw)19,500のPBO前駆体を得た。このアルカリ可溶性樹脂にγ-ブチロラクトンを加えたが、一晩放置するとゲル化した。そこでアルカリ可溶性樹脂をN-メチルピロリドンに溶解し、35質量%樹脂濃度のアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液を得た(P-13)。
テフロン(登録商標)製の碇型攪拌器を取り付けた、ガラス製のセパラブル3つ口フラスコに、ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)スルホン78.48g(小西化学工業社製)(280ミリモル)(以後、「SO2-HOAB」ともいう)を入れ、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド300g、ピリジン14.7g(187ミリモル)を加えて、SO2-HOABを溶解した。反応液を-5℃に冷却した。4,4’-オキシビス安息香酸クロライド(日本農薬社製)(以後、「DEDC」、ともいう)73.45g(249ミリモル)をγ-ブチロラクトン200gに溶解し、滴下ロートに充填し、反応液に50分を要して滴下した。滴下終了30分後、ピリジン29.4g(374ミリモル)を添加した。室温で2時間攪拌した。5-ノルボルネン-2、3―ジカルボン酸無水物(東京化成工業株式会社製)10.21g(62ミリモル)を加えて、窒素ガスを通じながらシリコン浴温度50℃で、100rpmで8時間加熱攪拌した。その後、NMP500gで置換された陽イオン交換樹脂及び陰イオン交換樹脂各100gがそれぞれ充填されたガラスカラムに流す処理を行った。上記反応液を3Lの水に高速攪拌下で滴下し、重合体を分散析出させ、これを回収し、適宜水洗、脱水の後に真空乾燥を施しアルカリ可溶性樹脂の紛体を得た。
ポリスチレン換算の分子量は重量平均分子量(Mw)14500の単一のシャープな曲線であり、単一組成物であった。このアルカリ可溶性樹脂にγ-ブチロラクトンを加えたが、一晩放置するとゲル化した。そこでアルカリ可溶性樹脂をN-メチルピロリドンに溶解し、35質量%樹脂濃度のアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液(P-14)を得た。
反応容器として、テフロン(登録商標)製の碇型攪拌器を取り付けた、ガラス製のセパラブル3つ口フラスコを用いた。6FAP41.75g(114ミリモル)、NMP118g、ピリジン5.27g(67ミリモル)を反応容器に入れ溶解させた。6FAPが溶解した後、反応容器をメタノールにドライアイスを加えた容器に浸して冷却した。DEDC30.4g(103ミリモル)をγ-ブチロラクトン120gに溶解し、-19~-23℃に保って全て上記反応液に滴下した。滴下終了後、反応容器を氷浴に浸し、0~10℃に保って2時間攪拌した。さらにピリジン10.6g(134ミリモル)を加えた。5-ノルボルネン酸無水物を10.83g加え、50℃の湯浴で18時間加温した。上記反応液にエタノールと水を加えていき、重合体を析出させた後、回収し、NMP300ミリリットルに溶解させた。次いで、陽イオン交換樹脂50g、陰イオン交換樹脂50gでイオン交換した。この溶液をイオン交換水2リットルに高速攪拌下で滴下し、重合体を分散析出させ、回収し、適宜水洗、脱水の後に真空乾燥を施し、PBO前駆体の紛体を得た。ポリスチレン換算の分子量は重量平均分子量(Mw)13000のPBO前駆体を得た。このアルカリ可溶性樹脂をγ-ブチロラクトンに溶解し、35質量%樹脂濃度のアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液を得た(P-15)。
撹拌機、滴下ロート及び温度計を付した1Lセパラブルフラスコに、ポリヒドロキシ化合物として4,4’-(1-(2-(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-2-プロピル)フェニル)エチリデン)ビスフェノール(本州化学工業社製 商品名 Tris-PA)の化合物30g(0.071モル)、及びこのOH基の83.3モル%に相当する量の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-4-スルフォン酸クロライド47.49g(0.177モル)をアセトン300gに溶解した溶液を入れ、撹拌溶解した後、フラスコを恒温槽にて30℃に調整した。次にアセトン18gにトリエチルアミン17.9gを溶解し、滴下ロートに仕込んだ後、これを30分かけてフラスコ中へ滴下した。滴下終了後更に30分間撹拌を続け、その後塩酸を滴下し、更に30分間撹拌して反応を終了させた。その後濾過し、トリエチルアミン塩酸塩を除去した。ここで得られた濾液を純水1640gと塩酸30gを混合撹拌した3Lビーカーに撹拌しながら滴下し、析出物を得た。この析出物を水洗、濾過した後、40℃減圧下で48時間乾燥し、感光剤(PAC-1)を得た。
反応容器として、テフロン(登録商標)製の碇型攪拌器を取り付けた、ガラス製のセパラブル3つ口フラスコを用いた。
反応容器に、二炭酸ジ-t-ブチル131.0gとγ-ブチロラクトン780gを入れ、室温下で3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン132.8gとγ-ブチロラクトン270gを混合させた溶液をゆっくり室温下で滴下した。滴下するに従い、反応液は約40℃まで発熱した。反応に伴い、炭酸ガスの発生を確認した。滴下終了後、室温で2時間攪拌した後、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)にて反応液を確認したところ、原料は全く検出されず、生成物が単一ピークとして純度98%で検出された。この様にして、接着助剤溶液(D-1)を得た。
撹拌機、滴下ロート及び温度計を付した500ml3つ口フラスコに、フタル酸無水物 14.813g(0.1モル)、溶媒としてGBL(ガンマブチロラクトン)147.8gを加えて攪拌し、フラスコを恒温槽にて30℃に調整した。γ-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン22.14g(0.1モル)を滴下ロートに仕込んだ後、これを30分かけてフラスコ中へ滴下し、室温で12時間攪拌し、接着助剤(D-2)を得た。
撹拌機、滴下ロート及び温度計を付した500ml3つ口フラスコに、3,3′,4,4′-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物16.11g(0.05モル)、溶媒としてGBL(ガンマブチロラクトン)153gを加えて攪拌し、フラスコを恒温槽にて30℃に調整した。γ-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン22.14g(0.1モル)を滴下ロートに仕込んだ後、これを30分かけてフラスコ中へ滴下し、室温で12時間攪拌し、接着助剤(D-3)を得た。
撹拌機、滴下ロート及び温度計を付した500ml3つ口フラスコに、γ-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン22.14g(0.1モル)、溶媒としてGBL(ガンマブチロラクトン)116.6gを加えて攪拌し、フラスコを恒温槽にて30℃に調整した。フェニルイソシアネート11.9g(0.1モル)を滴下ロートに仕込んだ後、これを30分かけてフラスコ中へ滴下し、液温が50℃まで上昇した。室温で12時間攪拌した後、接着助剤(D-4)を得た。
<実施例11~22、比較例6~10>
下記表1の組合せで、上記各実施例1~10、及び比較例1~5にて得られたアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液(P-1~P-15)に、参考例5で得られた感光性ジアゾナフトキノン化合物PAC-1を、アルカリ可溶性樹脂樹脂純分100質量部に対して表1に記載の質量部で添加し溶解した後、5-n-ヘキシルレゾルシノール(和光純薬工業株式会社製)を4質量部で添加溶解し、更に参考例6で得られた接着助剤溶液(D-1)を30質量部を加え、トリメリット酸トリアリル(商品名TRIAM705 和光純薬工業株式会社製)6質量部を加え溶解した後、1μmのフィルターで濾過し、感光性樹脂組成物を得た。
実施例11~22、及び比較例6~10の感光性樹脂組成物を、6インチシリコンウェハー上に、スピンコーター(東京エレクトロン社製 クリーントラックMark7)により塗布し、130℃で180秒間乾燥した後、昇温式オーブン(光洋サーモシステム社製 VF200B)を用いて窒素雰囲気下、320℃で1時間加熱、膜厚10μmの耐熱性硬化膜を得た。
この硬化膜を、3mm幅にカットし、希フッ酸水溶液に一晩浸してフィルム片を剥離し、乾燥させたものを、TMA装置(島津製作所製 TMA-50)を用いて、窒素流量50ml/min、昇温速度10℃/minの条件によりガラス転移温度を測定した。その結果を以下の表2に示す。
(1)パタ-ニング特性評価
6インチシリコンウェハー上に、上記感光性樹脂組成物をスピンコーター(東京エレクトロン社製 クリーントラックMark7)により塗布し、130℃で180秒間乾燥し、11.0μmの膜厚の塗膜を得た。
この塗膜に、i線ステッパー露光機(ニコン社製 NSR2005i8A)により、レチクルを通して露光量を25mJ/cm2ずつ段階的に変化させて露光した。このウェハーを2.38%TMAH水溶液(クラリアントジャパン社製 AZ300MIF)により23℃の条件下で、現像後膜厚が9.3μm(現像時の残膜率85%)となるように現像時間を調整して現像を行い、純水で15秒間リンスし、レリーフパターンを得た。
このレリーフパターンを顕微鏡にて観察し、露光部の3.5μmの正方形レリーフパターンが溶解除去しうる最小露光量を感度と定義し、その結果を表2に示す。更に、現像前の膜厚11.0μmに対して0.2μmづつ膜厚を厚くした塗布膜を作製し、初期膜厚が11.0μmの際に求めた最小露光量に25mJ/cm2を加算して露光を行い、現像時間は、初期膜厚が11.0μmの際に求めた現像時間に固定して現像を行い、元の11.0μmに対して、膜厚を増やした場合に3.5μmの正方形レリーフパターンが溶解除去しうる膜厚マージンを求めた。
実施例11~22、比較例6~10で作成した感光性樹脂組成物の現像後のレリーフパターンの一部を室温で5分間プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGMEともいう)に浸し、現像塗膜が溶解するかの試験を行った。その結果、実施例11~22では綺麗に溶解除去できた。比較例では、7と10以外は5分以内に溶解しなかった。
実施例11~22で得られたレリーフパターン付きシリコンウェハーを昇温式オーブン(光洋サーモシステム社製 VF200B)を用いて窒素雰囲気下、320℃で1時間加熱し、膜厚が5μmの硬化レリーフパターンを得た。レリーフパターンの形状は現像後のパターンを保持しており、パターン形状に優れていた。これは、ポリマー末端が5-ノルボルネン酸無水物で封止されている影響である。
実施例1で得られたポリマー(P-1)をGBLの代わりに、以下の表3に示す有機溶剤に溶かし、その他は実施例11と同様にポジ型感光性樹脂を作製し、パターニング特性評価を行った。この際に現像前の塗布膜の平坦性を求めた。6インチシリコンウェハー上の直径上の7点を測定し、その最大膜厚と最小膜厚の差を求め、7点の平均膜厚で割った値(表面平滑性と定義する)を以下の表3に示す。この値が小さければ表面平滑性が良いといえる。実施例27のアセトンや28の酢酸ブチルでは、塗布中に溶媒がすぐに気散するため、星型に塗布膜が形成され、シリコンウェハー上に均一に塗布することができなかった。更に、組成物を空気開放下、室温で2週間放置し、組成物の粘度変化率を求めた。実施例24、25のNMP、ジメチルアセトアミドでは2週間後、若干、空気中の水分の影響で白く濁っていた。実施例26、27、28では組成物の粘度が上昇していた。実施例23のGBLが塗布膜の平坦性、感度、膜厚マージン、安定性の観点から優れていた。
上記各実施例1にて得られたアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液(P-1)に、参考例5で得られた感光性ジアゾナフトキノン化合物PAC-1をアルカリ可溶性樹脂樹脂純分100質量部に対して20質量部溶解した後、5-n-ヘキシルレゾルシノール(和光純薬工業株式会社製)を4質量部溶解し下記表4の組合せで、参考例6~9で得られた接着助剤溶液を30質量部、又は市販のシリコンカプラ-6質量部を加え、溶解した後、1μmのフィルターで濾過し、ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を得た。
上記各実施例1にて得られたアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液(P-1)に、参考例5で得られた感光性ジアゾナフトキノン化合物PAC-1をアルカリ可溶性樹脂樹脂純分100質量部に対して20質量部溶解した後、5-n-ヘキシルレゾルシノール(和光純薬工業株式会社製)を4質量部溶解し参考例6で得られた接着助剤溶液30質量部を加え、下記表6の組合せで熱により架橋反応を起こす化合物を、溶解した後、1μmのフィルターで濾過し、ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を得た。
また、それぞれの感光性樹脂組成物を室温で4週間放置した後の粘度変化率を測定した。その結果も表7に示す。
実施例43~58は、実施例59の未添加の物と比較してガラス転移温度も高く、耐薬品性も向上したのでより好ましいものであった。
上記各実施例1で得られたアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液(P-1)に、参考例5で得られた感光性ジアゾナフトキノン化合物PAC-1をアルカリ可溶性樹脂樹脂純分100質量部に対して14質量部溶解した後、参考例6で得られた接着助剤溶液30質量部、CL-8を8質量部、CL-9を10質量部、メトキシフェニル酢酸6質量部を溶解した後、下記表8に示す組合せでアクリレート化合物、メタクリレート化合物、アリル基含有化合物、メトキシ基含有化合物、及びフェニルエステル化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物を加え、1μmのフィルターで濾過し、ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を得た。
<モノカルボン酸化合物の評価>
上記各実施例1にて得られたアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液(P-1)に、参考例6で得られた感光性ジアゾナフトキノン化合物PAC-1をアルカリ可溶性樹脂樹脂純分100質量部に対して14質量部溶解した後、参考例6で得られた接着助剤溶液30質量部、CL-8を6質量部、CL-9を8質量部、上記(F)化合物であるF-1を10質量部溶解した後、下記表10に示す組合せでモノカルボン酸化合物を加え、1μmのフィルターで濾過し、ポジ型感光性樹脂組成物を得た。
<実施例85~94、比較例11~15>
下記表12の組合せで、上記各実施例1~10、及び比較例1~5にて得られたアルカリ可溶性樹脂溶液(P-1~P-15)に、活性光線照射により酸を発生する化合物(PAG)として、2-[2-(4-メチルフェニルスルホニルオキシイミノ)-2,3-ジヒドロチオフェン-3-イリデン]-2-(2-メチルフェニル)アセトニトリル(Irgacure PAG121、チバ・ジャパン社製)5質量部、酸の作用により架橋し得る化合物として、CL-4アルコキシメチル化尿素樹脂(品番MX-270、三和ケミカル社製、商標名ニカラック、単量体95%以上)30質量部を溶解し、更に参考例7で得られた接着助剤溶液D-1を30質量部を加え、溶解した後、1μmのフィルターで濾過し、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を得た。
(パタ-ニング特性評価)
上記実施例85~94、及び比較例11~15から得られたネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を使って、6インチシリコンウエハー上にスピンコートしそしてホットプレート上で110℃で3分間ベーキングして厚さ約15μmのフィルムを得た。このフィルムにi線ステッパー露光機(ニコン社製、NSR2005i8A)によりレチクルを通して露光量を段階的に変化させて露光した。露光されたウエハーを120℃で3分間露光後ベーキングし、2.38%のTMAH水溶液(クラリアントジャパン社製 AZ300MIF)を使用して現像し、次いで脱イオン水でリンスしてレリーフパターンを得た。このレリーフパターンを顕微鏡下で観察し、露光領域でのフィルム厚さの約90%が保持された部分の露光量を感度とし(最小露光量とする)、未露光部の正方形レリーフパターンが完全に溶解除去したビアサイズを解像度とし定義した。結果を以下の表13に示す。また、初期膜厚を15μmから0.2μmづつ厚くしたシリコンウエハーを作製し、初期膜厚が15μmの際に求めた最小露光量及び現像時間を固定し、リソ評価を行った場合に、現像できうる膜厚マージンを求めた。結果を以下の表13に記載する。実施例85~94は、比較例11~15と比較して高感度で、膜厚マージンが広い点で優れている。
Claims (22)
- (A)請求項1又は2に記載のアルカリ可溶性樹脂を含むアルカリ可溶性樹脂100質量部に対して、(B)感光性ジアゾナフトキノン化合物1~100質量部を含むポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- (C)有機溶剤100~2000質量部をさらに含む、請求項7に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- (C)有機溶剤がγ-ブチロラクトンである、請求項8に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- (D)アルコキシシラン化合物0.01~20質量部を更に含む、請求項7に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- (D)アルコキシシラン化合物が、下記一般式(8)~(15):
で表される化合物からなる群より選ばれる、請求項11に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。 - (E)熱により架橋反応を起こす化合物0.5~50質量部を更に含む、請求項7に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- (E)熱により熱架橋反応を起こす化合物が、エポキシ基、メチロール基、アルコキシメチル基又はオキセタン基を有する化合物、及びビスアリルナジイミド化合物からなる群より選ばれる、請求項13に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- (F)アクリレート化合物、メタクリレート化合物、アリル基含有化合物、メトキシ基含有化合物、及びフェニルエステル化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物1~30.0質量部を更に含む、請求項7に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- (G)カルボキシル基を分子内に有する有機化合物1~30質量部を更に含む、請求項7に記載のポジ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項7に記載の感光性樹脂組成物を塗布層の形で基板上に形成する塗布工程、該層を露光する露光工程、露光部を現像液で溶出除去する現像工程、及び得られたレリーフパターンを加熱する加熱工程を含む、硬化レリーフパターンの形成方法。
- 請求項17に記載の形成方法により得られる硬化レリーフパターンを有してなる半導体装置。
- (A)請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のアルカリ可溶性樹脂100質量部、(H)活性光線照射により酸を発生する化合物0.5~30質量部、及び(I)酸の作用により架橋し得る化合物5~50質量部を含むネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- (I)化合物が、分子内にメチロール基又はアルコキシメチル基を有する化合物である、請求項19に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項19に記載のネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を、基板上に塗布する塗布工程、該層を露光する露光工程、露光後に加熱する工程、未露光部を現像液で溶出除去する現像工程、及び得られたレリーフパターンを加熱する加熱工程を含む硬化レリーフパターンの形成方法。
- 請求項21に記載の形成方法により得られる硬化レリーフパターンを有してなる半導体装置。
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KR101249568B1 (ko) | 2013-04-01 |
CN102076740A (zh) | 2011-05-25 |
CN102076740B (zh) | 2013-08-21 |
TWI546321B (zh) | 2016-08-21 |
TW201005008A (en) | 2010-02-01 |
JPWO2010001780A1 (ja) | 2011-12-22 |
JP5498382B2 (ja) | 2014-05-21 |
KR20110016456A (ko) | 2011-02-17 |
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