Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
  • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
  • C09C3/12—Treatment with organosilicon compounds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
  • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
  • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
  • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
  • C09C1/28—Compounds of silicon
  • C09C1/30—Silicic acid
  • C09C1/3063—Treatment with low-molecular organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
  • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
  • C09C1/28—Compounds of silicon
  • C09C1/30—Silicic acid
  • C09C1/3081—Treatment with organo-silicon compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
  • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
  • C09C1/28—Compounds of silicon
  • C09C1/30—Silicic acid
  • C09C1/309—Combinations of treatments provided for in groups C09C1/3009 - C09C1/3081
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
  • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
  • C09C3/08—Treatment with low-molecular-weight non-polymer organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
  • C01P2004/10—Particle morphology extending in one dimension, e.g. needle-like
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
  • C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
  • C01P2004/32—Spheres
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
  • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
  • C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
  • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
  • C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer

Definitions

• suitable surface treatment agents include those that are reactive with the hydroxyl groups along the surface of the particles.
• suitable surface treatment agents include organosilanes.
• suitable organosilanes include one organic substituent and three hydrolysable substituents.
• Suitable surface treatments for silica particles that are to be utilized in polyurethane environments can be produced by reaction of suitable di or trifunctional polyols with 3- triethoxysilyl propyl isocyanate, resulting in urethane linkages.
• suitable polyols include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polycaprolactone polyol (Tone 2221, available from Dow Chemical, Midland MI), DESMOPHEN polyester resin polyol (Bayer MaterialScience, Pittsburgh, PA.) and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadienes and poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol, for example.
• the tubular reactor 130 is placed in a heating medium 140 within a heating vessel 150.
• the heating medium 140 can be, for example, an oil, sand or the like that can be heated to a substantially elevated temperature.
• the heating medium is heated to a temperature above the hydrolysis and condensation temperatures of the surface treatment agent (e.g., organosilanes).
• Suitable oils include, for example, plant oils such as peanut oil and canola oil. Some plant oils are preferably kept under nitrogen when heated to prevent or minimize oxidation of the oils.
• the pressure inside the tubular reactor can be at least partially controlled with a backpressure valve 170, which is generally positioned between the cooling device 160 and the sample collection vessel 180.
• the backpressure valve 170 controls the pressure at the exit of the continuous hydrothermal reactor system 100 and helps to control the pressure within the tubular reactor 130.
• the backpressure is often at least 100 pounds per square inch (0.7 MPa), at least 200 pounds per square inch (1.4 MPa), at least 300 pounds per square inch (2.1 MPa), at least 400 pounds per square inch (2.8 MPa), at least 500 pounds per square inch (3.5 MPa), at least 600 pounds per square inch (4.2 MPa), or at least 700 pounds per square inch (4.9 MPa). In some embodiments, the backpressure is greater than about 700 pounds per square inch (4.9 MPa).
• the backpressure should be high enough to prevent boiling within the tubular reactor 130.
• tubular reactor 130 can be broken into two or more sections of tubing having different inner diameters and made of different materials.
• a first section of tubing could be of smaller diameter relative to a second section to facilitate faster heating of the feedstock solution in the smaller diameter tubing prior to being held at the process temperature in the second section.
• the first section of the tubular reactor 130 can be made of stainless steel tubing having an inner diameter of 1 centimeter, and the second section could be made of PTFE tubing contained within stainless steel housing and having an inner diameter of 2 centimeters.
• the hydrolysis reaction may be initiated prior to adding the surface treatment agent to a feedstock solution.
• a hydrolyzed surface treatment agent and a particle sol enables a faster flow rate (lowered residence times) for feedstock through the reactor.
• Appropriate adjustments to the reactor temperature and other reaction conditions e.g., addition of co-solvent, hydrolysis time) can help to maximize the efficiency of the surface modification reaction.
• the organic matrix typically includes a polymeric material or a precursor to a polymeric material such as a monomer or a oligomer having a polymerizable group.
• a polymeric material or a precursor to a polymeric material such as a monomer or a oligomer having a polymerizable group.
• Any suitable technique can be used to combine the functionalized particles with the organic matrix.
• the organic matrix is a precursor to a polymeric material
• the functionalized particles can be added prior to the polymerization reaction.
• the polymeric material is a thermoplastic
• the polymeric material and the functionalized particles can be combined using a process such as extrusion or Brabender mixing.
• the composite material containing a precursor of a polymeric material is often shaped or coated before polymerization.
• Procedure 2 Continuous Flow Hydrothermal Reactor (2.9L HTR) A continuous flow hydrothermal reactor system similar to that shown in Figure 1 was assembled and was used to provide functionalized particles. Feedstock was gravity fed from stainless steel vessels to the inlet of an American Lewa Ecodos diaphragm pump and into a tubular reactor consisting of 12.19 meters of 0.95 cm and 18.22 meters of 1.25 cm stainless steal tubing with ID Teflon tubing and a braided stainless steel exterior immersed in a temperature controlled oil bath. Oil is delivered and heated to the reaction vessel through use of a xxx oil heater. The pressure on the system was provided by a TESCOM backpressure regulator.
• H B Barcol hardness
• Zirconia particles were generated according to Examples 4-7 of United States Patent No. 7,241,437 employing a Hot Tube Reactor to carry out the hydrolysis of zirconyl acetate.
• the output from this process was a sol that was 40% by weight zirconia particles in water.
• a surface treatment agent, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was added to the sol along with l-methoxy-2-propanol.
• Methoxypropanol (MpOH) was added to the feedstock in an amount equal to the weight of the sol that was used.
• the silane was added in the ratio of 10 grams of silane for every 100 grams of zirconia sol.
• the functionalization of the zirconia particles was carried out as described in Procedure 1.
• Functionalized silica particles were prepared in a continuous flow hydrothermal reactor as described in Procedures 1-3.
• Feedstock for Examples was prepared using a stirred aqueous dispersion of silica sol (see Table 4).
• Surface treatment agent silane
• a mixture of a second surface treatment agent and co-solvent was added to the sol/silane mixture over a 5 minute period and the resulting dispersion was continuously stirred prior to delivery to the continuous reactor.
• Table 3 Dispersions were delivered to the continuous flow hydrothermal reactor at the flow rates and reactor temperatures described in Table 4.
• Examples 2,3 and 5 illustrate the use of alcohol alternatives to methoxypropanol.
• Examples 5, and 6 illustrate the scaleability of this invention, employing larger diameter and longer length reactors..
• the silica sol was concentrated to 62 wt % solids by diaf ⁇ ltration prior to mixing with methoxypropanol.
• Boehmite particles were synthesized in the manner described in Example 14.
• the resulting colloidal product from the hydrothermal reactor was tray dried in a vacuum oven at 70 0 C overnight to remove excess carboxylic acids.
• 20 grams of the dried flakes were dispersed into 480 grams of deionized water, and 500 grams of l-methoxy-2-propanol was added to the aqueous solution.
• 1.58 grams of phenylphosphonic acid was added to the mixture with vigorous stirring.
• the solution was pumped through the hydrothermal reactor with the oil bath temperature set at 15O 0 C and the average residence time of 48 minutes.
• the material was collected from the reactor, and 0.6 grams of the product was dispersed in THF showing compatibility with organic fluids that the untreated particles did not demonstrate.
• a pump was used to control the flow rate and thus residence time.
• a flow rate of 12 ml/min was used resulting in a residence time of 37.5 min in the 450 ml reactor.
• the effluent was collected in a HDPE container.
• a portion of the effluent was dried in a preheated 15O 0 C oven for 1 hour.
• the dried material was ground with a mortar and pestle.
• a solution containing 10% by weight SiO2 particles in toluene was prepared in a vial.
• the vial containing the mixture solution was shaken vigorously. The result was a large white foam head above a clear solution free of solids, indicating that the SiO2 particles were successfully functionalized with the isooctyltrimethoxysilane.
• the mixture was heated and stirred for about 2 hours and 40 minutes at a temperature of about 45 0 C.
• a 1 gallon HDPE jug was added 501.3 g of Nalco 2326, a water-based SiO2 sol.
• To the jug was added 227.83 g of methanol and 56.56 g of methanol.
• the jug was then sealed and shaken vigorously.
• the Nalco 2326 and co-solvent mixture was then transferred to a 5 gallon HDPE pail and pneumatic stirring initiated.
• the hydrolyzed surface treatment agent solution was then poured slowly into the 5 gallon HDPE pail. This completed preparation of the feedstock mixture.
• the feedstock was then mixed for ten minutes and flow was initiated to the hydrothermal reactor.
• the backpressure regulator was maintained at 300 psig.
• the oil temperature for the hydrothermal reactor was maintained at 15O 0 C.
• a pump was used to control the flow rate of 12 ml/min, resulting in a residence time of 37.5 min in the 450 ml reactor.
• the effluent was collected in a HDPE container. A portion of the effluent was dried in a preheated 15O 0 C oven for 1 hour. The dried material was ground with a mortar and pestle.
• a solution containing 10% by weight SiO2 particles in toluene was prepared in a vial. The vial containing the mixture solution was shaken vigorously. The result was a large white foam head above a clear solution free of solids, indicating that the SiO2 particles were successfully functionalized with the isooctyltrimethoxysilane.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Nanotechnology (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Composite Materials (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
• Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
• Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
• Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
• Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-03-26 CN CN200980118413.7A patent/CN102037083B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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• 2015
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