WO2009110490A1 - 非水電解質電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009110490A1 WO2009110490A1 PCT/JP2009/054028 JP2009054028W WO2009110490A1 WO 2009110490 A1 WO2009110490 A1 WO 2009110490A1 JP 2009054028 W JP2009054028 W JP 2009054028W WO 2009110490 A1 WO2009110490 A1 WO 2009110490A1
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- aqueous electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nonaqueous electrolyte battery, and more particularly to a nonaqueous electrolyte battery including a negative electrode having an operating potential of 1.2 V (vs. Li / Li + ) or higher.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte batteries typified by lithium ion secondary batteries are frequently used in recent years as power sources for mobile devices typified by mobile phones because of their high energy density.
- a transition metal oxide such as lithium cobaltate is used for the positive electrode active material
- a carbonaceous material such as graphite is used for the negative electrode active material.
- lithium ion insertion and desorption reactions are performed in a potential region of about 0.2 V or less with respect to the lithium potential.
- a lithium ion secondary battery using the negative electrode can secure a high battery voltage and can have a high energy density. Yes.
- the nonaqueous solvent used in the nonaqueous electrolyte contains a cyclic carbonate compound such as ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate.
- the cyclic carbonate compound has a high dielectric constant necessary to dissociate the electrolyte salt and express high ionic conductivity, and also has chemical stability and electrochemical stability at the interface between the negative electrode and the electrolyte. This is because it has a property of forming a protective coating necessary for securing the negative electrode surface.
- Non-Patent Document 1 In lithium ion secondary batteries that use graphite or the like as the negative electrode active material, the characteristics of the protective film vary depending on the type of solvent used as the electrolyte and the characteristics of the additive, and affect ion transfer or charge transfer. It is known as a major factor in determining battery performance. (For example, see Non-Patent Document 1)
- a lithium ion secondary battery using graphite or the like as the negative electrode active material has a problem in stability with an electrolyte solution at a high temperature due to its low negative electrode working potential, leading to a decrease in battery performance. there were. Further, when rapid charging is performed in a low temperature atmosphere, due to the low negative electrode operating potential, metallic lithium is deposited on the negative electrode to form dendrites, which also leads to a decrease in battery performance.
- non-aqueous electrolyte batteries are not only developed for power supplies for small equipment, but also for medium and large-sized industrial applications such as power storage equipment power supplies and in-vehicle power supplies such as HEVs. It is.
- batteries for hybrid vehicles have high output characteristics for instantaneously operating a motor that assists engine power, high input characteristics for regenerating energy when the automobile stops, especially at low temperatures where the conditions are severe. High output characteristics and high input characteristics are demanded.
- the battery is exposed to high temperatures when traveling or parking in hot weather, the low temperature input / output characteristics need to be maintained after high temperature storage.
- a large number of batteries are often used in a collective manner, and labor costs and other costs are required for battery replacement. A long life is required in terms of discharge cycle performance.
- a material represented by lithium titanate in which the operating potential is about 1.5 V relative to the lithium potential, which is noble compared with the carbon material but causes stable lithium ion insertion / extraction reaction, is a negative electrode active material. As proposed.
- Patent Document 1 describes an invention for an electrolytic solution for a capacitor comprising an electrolyte and an electrolyte solvent containing a compound having a Si-containing group.
- a capacitor using an activated carbon electrode and using an electrolyte solvent containing a Si compound in a nonaqueous electrolytic solution has a reduced amount of leakage current and a small amount of product appearance deformation in a 70 ° C. load test.
- Patent Document 1 describes the low-temperature output characteristics after high-temperature storage when applied to a non-aqueous electrolyte battery having a negative electrode with an operating potential of 1.2 V (vs. Li / Li + ) or higher. There is no description or suggestion, and in the non-aqueous electrolyte of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery having a negative electrode having an operating potential of 1.2 V (vs. Li / Li + ) or higher, the following general formulas (1) to ( It cannot be derived from Patent Document 1 that the output characteristics at low temperature after high temperature storage can be improved by containing at least one selected from the compound group represented by 3).
- Patent Document 2 discloses an invention characterized in that a nonaqueous solvent containing a compound having a (metal element, phosphorus or boron)-(oxygen)-(silicon) bond is used in a nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery. Is described. Table 1 of Patent Document 2 shows that in a coin-type battery composed of a graphite negative electrode and a metal lithium foil, (metal element, phosphorus or boron)-(oxygen)-in a solvent in which EC and DMC are mixed at a ratio of 40:60.
- Patent Document 2 describes the low-temperature output characteristics after high-temperature storage when applied to a non-aqueous electrolyte battery including a negative electrode having an operating potential of 1.2 V (vs. Li / Li + ) or higher.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte battery including a negative electrode having an operating potential of 1.2 V (vs. Li / Li + ) or higher there is no description or suggestion, and in the non-aqueous electrolyte of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the negative electrode having an operating potential of 1.2 V (vs. Li / Li + ) or more, the general formulas (1) to (3) It cannot be derived from Patent Document 2 that the output characteristics at low temperatures after high temperature storage can be improved by containing at least one selected from the group of compounds represented.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a nonaqueous electrolyte battery characterized by containing a compound containing at least B and Si inside the nonaqueous electrolyte battery.
- Patent Document 3 states that “by adding at least one of B and Si-containing compounds in a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, this compound forms a film on the surface of the negative electrode to suppress contact between the electrolyte and the negative electrode. It is possible to reduce the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution above, and thus, it is possible to realize a highly reliable battery having excellent storage characteristics ”(paragraph 0034), and LiCoO 2 as a positive electrode.
- a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material into which lithium ions are inserted and desorbed at a potential of 1.2 V or more with respect to the lithium potential is represented by the general formulas (1) to (3) in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the output characteristics at low temperatures after storage at high temperatures can be improved, and in particular, carbonate esters contained in the nonaqueous solvent constituting the nonaqueous electrolyte. It cannot be derived from Patent Document 3 that the volume ratio of the cyclic carbonate occupying in the total volume of is preferably 10% by volume or less.
- Patent Document 4 describes that in a non-aqueous lithium secondary battery characterized in that the non-aqueous electrolyte contains lithium oxalate and a Lewis acidic compound, the initial discharge capacity is increased.
- the Lewis acidic compound is (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 O) 3 B, (CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 O) ” 3 B, ((CH 3 ) 3 SiO) 3 B, ((CF 3 ) 2.
- (Cho) 3 B, ((CH 3 ) 3 SiO) 3 P, and ((CF 3 ) 2 CHO) 3 P are at least one selected from “(Claim 2)”.
- Patent Document 4 describes that “the addition of a Lewis acidic compound in addition to lithium oxalate, that is, the addition of a compound having an electron accepting property that is soluble in an organic solvent improves the solubility of lithium oxalate” (paragraph 0006), It is described that dissolving lithium oxalate in a non-aqueous electrolyte is important in providing a battery having a large initial discharge capacity.
- a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material into which lithium ions are inserted and desorbed at a potential of 1.2 V or more with respect to the lithium potential is represented by the general formulas (1) to (3) in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the output characteristics at low temperatures after storage at high temperatures can be improved, and in particular, carbonate esters contained in the nonaqueous solvent constituting the nonaqueous electrolyte. It is not possible to derive from Patent Document 4 that the volume ratio of the cyclic carbonate occupying the total volume is preferably 10% by volume or less.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a first additive having a reduction potential in the range of 0.3 to 0.5 eV in the LUMO value obtained by the AM1 calculation method in the quantum chemistry calculation method, and the AM1 calculation method in the quantum chemistry calculation method. And a second additive having a reduction potential in the range of ⁇ 0.2 to 0.3 eV or 0.5 eV to 1 eV.
- Table 2 of Patent Document 5 trimethylsilyl phosphate or a mixture of LiBF 4 and trimethylsilyl phosphate is used as the first additive, and fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, or a mixture thereof is used as the second additive.
- cycle characteristics are improved over a range of 10 to 60 ° C., a discharge capacity of ⁇ 20 ° C., suppression of swelling during storage at 85 ° C.
- a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material into which lithium ions are inserted and desorbed at a potential of 1.2 V or more with respect to the lithium potential is represented by the general formulas (1) to (3) in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the output characteristics at low temperatures after storage at high temperatures can be improved, and in particular, carbonate esters contained in the nonaqueous solvent constituting the nonaqueous electrolyte. It is not possible to derive from Patent Document 5 that the volume ratio of the cyclic carbonate occupying the total volume of is preferably 10% by volume or less.
- Patent Documents 6 to 8 describe the general formula (3), and this general formula includes the compound represented by the general formula (1) characterized by the present invention as a subordinate concept.
- batteries using an electrolytic solution to which trimethylsilyl methanesulfonate is added as a compound corresponding to the general formula (3) are described.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte contains a chain carboxylic acid ester as an essential component, and the following formula Si—O—A (A is H, C , N, O, F, S, Si and / or a compound containing a compound containing a P), a positive electrode made of LiCoO 2 , a negative electrode made of graphite, and ethylene LiPF 6 to 1 mol / liter in a mixture of carbonate (EC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) and methyl propionate (MP) or ethyl acetate (EA) or methyl acetate (MA) in a volume ratio of 3: 6: 1
- EC carbonate
- EMC methyl ethyl carbonate
- MP methyl propionate
- EA ethyl acetate
- MA methyl acetate
- the low-temperature output characteristics immediately after battery production are improved, but the output retention rate after a high-temperature storage test is equivalent to the case where no additive is used, thus solving the problems of the present invention.
- it has a carbon material negative electrode whose operating potential is lower than 1.2 V (vs. Li / Li + ), and contains non-aqueous electrolytes such as chain carboxylic acid esters (methyl acetate, etc.) and cyclic carbonates (ethylene carbonate).
- the ratio of ethylene carbonate in a non-aqueous solvent is set to 1 to 25% by volume, and the following formula Si—O—A (A is H , C, N, O, F, S, Si and / or a compound containing a compound containing a P), a positive electrode made of LiCoO 2 , a negative electrode made of graphite, and
- A is H , C, N, O, F, S, Si and / or a compound containing a compound containing a P
- a positive electrode made of LiCoO 2
- a negative electrode made of graphite
- trimethylsilyl methanesulfonate to a non-aqueous electrolyte battery composed of a non-aqueous electrolyte solution in which LiPF 6 is mixed at 1 mol / liter in a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC).
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC methyl ethyl carbonate
- the negative electrode active material contains a metal oxide containing titanium that can occlude and release lithium, and the following formula Si—O is present in the molecule.
- An invention characterized in that it comprises a compound containing -A (A is a group composed of H, C, N, O, F, S, Si and / or P) is described in Examples 4-6.
- Uses a lithium-titanium composite oxide for the negative electrode and uses a mixture of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate (volume ratio 3: 3: 4) to which trimethylsilyl methanesulfonate is added as a non-aqueous electrolyte solvent.
- the output resistance is reduced.
- trimethylsilyl methanesulfonate which has been shown to be able to improve output characteristics at low temperatures, has a negative electrode with an operating potential of 1.2 V (vs. Li / Li + ) or higher.
- the low-temperature output characteristics immediately after the production of the battery are improved, but the output retention rate after the high-temperature storage test is the same as when no additive is used, and the problem of the present invention cannot be solved. .
- a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material into which lithium ions are inserted / extracted at a potential of 1.2 V or more with respect to the lithium potential is represented by the general formulas (1) to (3) in the non-aqueous electrolyte. It cannot be derived from Patent Document 8 that the output characteristics at low temperatures after high temperature storage can be improved by containing at least one selected from the compound group.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a nonaqueous electrolyte battery having excellent low-temperature output characteristics even after high-temperature storage.
- the present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte battery comprising a nonaqueous electrolyte containing a nonaqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode having an operating potential of 1.2 V (vs. Li / Li + ) or higher. , Containing a chain carbonate ester and / or a chain carboxylate ester as a main solvent in a proportion of 70% by volume or more of the total volume of the non-aqueous solvent, and represented by the general formula (1), (2) or (3) It is a nonaqueous electrolyte battery characterized by containing the compound represented by these.
- R 1 to R 9 are organic groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may be the same or different from each other.
- R 10 to R 18 are organic groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may be the same as or different from each other.
- R 19 to R 30 are the same or different organic groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte contains a chain carbonate ester in a proportion of more than 70% by volume of the total volume of the nonaqueous solvent, and the nonaqueous solvent contains carbon.
- the total volume of the carbonic acid ester having no carbon double bond is 100 and the volume of the cyclic carbonic acid ester is a among the carbonic acid esters having no carbon-carbon double bond, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 30 It is characterized by being.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention contains a chain carbonate in a proportion of 90% by volume or more of the total volume of the nonaqueous solvent, and the carbon-carbon contained in the nonaqueous solvent.
- the total volume of carbonic acid ester having no double bond is 100
- the volume of the cyclic carbonate of the carbonic acid ester having no carbon-carbon double bond is a, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 10. It is characterized by.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte contains the chain carbonate ester and the chain carboxylate ester in a proportion of more than 70% by volume of the total volume of the nonaqueous solvent.
- the total volume of the carbonic acid ester having no carbon-carbon double bond and the chain carboxylic acid ester contained in the solvent is 100, and the volume of the cyclic carbonate of the carbonic acid ester having no carbon-carbon double bond is 100%.
- b is 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 30.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte contains the chain carboxylic acid ester in a proportion of more than 90% by volume of the total volume of the nonaqueous solvent, and the carbon contained in the nonaqueous solvent. -When the total volume of the carbonic acid ester having no carbon double bond and the chain carboxylic acid ester is 100, and the volume of the cyclic carbonic acid ester among the carbonic acid esters having no carbon-carbon double bond is c. , 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 10.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is characterized in that the negative electrode contains spinel type lithium titanate.
- Nonaqueous electrolyte battery includes a negative electrode having an operating potential of 1.2 V (vs. Li / Li + ) or higher.
- a negative electrode having an operating potential of 1.2 V (vs. Li / Li + ) or higher” means that the negative electrode when charged and discharged in a non-aqueous electrolyte battery is 1 based on the potential of metallic lithium.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery In order for the non-aqueous electrolyte battery to have a negative electrode having an operating potential of 1.2 V (vs. Li / Li + ) or higher, the negative electrode substantially operates as a battery at a potential of 1.2 V or higher.
- a negative electrode active material in which lithium ions are inserted and desorbed at a potential of 1.2 V or higher with respect to the lithium potential It can achieve by providing the negative electrode which has.
- the negative electrode active material from which lithium ions are inserted / extracted at a potential of 1.2 V or higher with respect to the lithium potential include tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, iron sulfide, titanium sulfide, and lithium titanate.
- lithium titanate represented by the chemical formula Li 4 + x Ti 5 O 12 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 3) and having a spinel structure is preferable.
- a material in which a part of Ti is substituted with another element may be used.
- lithium titanate having a structure substituted with Al or Mg at a specific ratio lithium titanate having a structure substituted with Al or Mg at a specific ratio is used, potential flatness or high rate is obtained. This is preferable because the discharge characteristics can be improved.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to the present invention is characterized by containing a compound represented by the general formula (1), (2) or (3). That is, any one selected from the compound groups represented by (1) to (3) may be used, or two or more may be used simultaneously.
- R is an organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may be the same or different. Examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, and n-propyl. Chain alkyl groups such as isopropyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group and isobutyl group, cyclic alkyl groups such as cyclohexyl group, alkenyl groups such as vinyl group and allyl group, alkyl halide groups such as trifluoromethyl group, trimethylsilyl group, etc. And trialkylsiloxy groups such as a trialkylsilyl group and a trimethylsiloxy group.
- the ratio of the compounds represented by the general formulas (1) to (3) is preferably 10 ppm (0.001% by mass) or more in total, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the nonaqueous electrolyte. More preferably, it is 0.1% by mass or more. Moreover, although an upper limit changes also with the compounds to be used, Preferably it is 5 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 3 mass% or less.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte used in the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention includes a carbon-carbon contained in the non-aqueous solvent when the chain carbonate is a main solvent (a proportion greater than 70% by volume of the total volume of the non-aqueous solvent).
- a carbon-carbon contained in the non-aqueous solvent when the chain carbonate is a main solvent a proportion greater than 70% by volume of the total volume of the non-aqueous solvent.
- the value of a indicating the volume ratio of the cyclic carbonate to the volume of the carbonate ester when the volume of the carbonate ester having no carbon-carbon double bond contained in the nonaqueous solvent is 100 is the value after storage at high temperature. In order to further improve the low temperature output characteristics, 10 or less is more preferable. Moreover, in order to suppress the self-discharge at the time of high temperature storage, the value a is preferably 1 or more.
- examples of the cyclic carbonate include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), and the like.
- the total volume of the carbonic acid ester having no carbon-carbon double bond and the chain carboxylic acid ester contained in the nonaqueous solvent is 100, and the carbon-carbon It is preferable that 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 30, where b is the volume of the cyclic carbonate among the carbonates having no double bond.
- the chain carboxylic acid ester is more than 90% by volume, and the value of b is more preferably less than 10. Even if the cyclic carbonate is 0, there is a remarkable effect.
- the carbonate ester having no carbon-carbon double bond contained in the non-aqueous solvent it is preferable to use a chain carbonate ester as a main solvent and a small amount of cyclic carbonate.
- methyl ethyl carbonate may be used alone, but in order to achieve excellent low-temperature output characteristics, it is preferable to use a mixture of dimethyl carbonate.
- the proportion of dimethyl carbonate in the volume of the carbonate ester is preferably 10 or more, more preferably 20 or more, when the volume of the carbonate ester having no carbon-carbon double bond contained in the non-aqueous solvent is 100. . However, if it is 60 or more, the low-temperature input characteristics are deteriorated. Therefore, it is necessary to be less than 60, and 50 or less is preferable.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte battery having excellent low-temperature output characteristics after high-temperature storage can be provided.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte used in the battery of the present invention is not prevented from containing a solvent other than those specifically described above.
- cyclic esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone, methyl acetate, acetic acid It may contain chain esters such as ethyl, propyl acetate and methyl propylene, cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran, sulfolane, acetonitrile and various ionic liquids.
- the solvent for the non-aqueous electrolyte used in the battery of the present invention may be a mixture of a carbonic acid ester having no carbon-carbon double bond or a carbonic acid ester having a carbon-carbon double bond.
- vinylene carbonate which is a cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon double bond, or the like in a mixture of 10% by mass or less of the entire nonaqueous electrolyte, and particularly suppresses gas generation in the initial charge / discharge process. The excellent effect of is recognized.
- the electrolyte salt used for the non-aqueous electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as it is known to be used as an electrolyte salt of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery.
- lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF 6
- Inorganic fluoride salts such as lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ) and lithium hexafluoroarsenide (LiAsF 6
- perhalogenates such as lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF 3) SO 3 ), fluorine-containing organic lithium salts such as bistrifluoromethylsulfonylimide lithium [LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ] and the like.
- These electrolyte salts may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and ratios.
- separator examples include polyethylene, polypropylene, cellulose, a porous film containing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), and a synthetic resin nonwoven fabric.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has resistance to the nonaqueous electrolyte to be used and resistance to electrochemical reaction on the negative electrode, and examples thereof include nickel, copper, stainless steel, and aluminum.
- the positive electrode active material that can be used for the positive electrode included in the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to the present invention is not limited as long as it can electrochemically insert and desorb lithium ions, and various kinds of oxidation materials can be used. And sulfides.
- manganese dioxide MnO 2
- iron oxide copper oxide
- nickel oxide lithium manganese composite oxide
- lithium nickel composite oxide eg, Li x NiO 2
- Lithium cobalt composite oxide Li x CoO 2
- lithium nickel cobalt composite oxide LiNi x Co 1-x O 2
- lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide LiNi x Co y Mn 1-xy O 2
- spinel type lithium-manganese-nickel composite oxide LiMn 2-y Co x O 4
- lithium phosphates having an olivine structure for example LiFePO 4, LiCoPO 4, LiVPO 4 , LiVPO 4 F, LiMnPO 4, LiMn 7/8 Fe 1/8 PO 4, LiNiVO 4, L CoPO 4, Li 3 V 2 ( PO4) 3, Fe 2 (SO4) 3, LiFeP 2 O 7, Li 3 Fe 2 (PO4) 3, Li 2
- main metal atoms may be Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Li, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mg, Ga, Zr, Mg, Ga, Zr, Si, etc. It may be substituted with other elements.
- conductive polymer materials such as polyaniline and polypyrrole, disulfide-based polymer materials, organic materials such as sulfur (S) and carbon fluoride, and inorganic materials are also included.
- a known conductive material or binder can be applied to the positive electrode by a known formulation and contained.
- the conductive agent include acetylene black, carbon black, and graphite.
- the binder include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), and fluorine-based rubber.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- fluorine-based rubber fluorine-based rubber.
- a known material can be used by a known method. For example, aluminum or an aluminum alloy can be used.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte having the following composition was used.
- B1: 1.2M LiPF 6 EC: MEC 1: 99 (volume%) (Comparative example)
- B2: 1.2M LiPF 6 EC: MEC 1: 99 (volume%) + 1 wt% trimethylsilyl methanesulfonate (Comparative Example)
- B3: 1.2M LiPF 6 EC: MEC 1: 99 (volume%) + 1 wt
- a positive electrode active material 91 parts by mass of lithium transition metal composite oxide (LiNi 1/6 Mn 1/6 Co 2/3 O 2 ) powder having a hexagonal rock salt type crystal structure, 4.5 mass of acetylene black as a conductive material Part and a positive electrode slurry containing 4.5 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent on a positive electrode current collector (aluminum, thickness 20 ⁇ m) on one side
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- ⁇ Preparation of negative electrode Contains 87 parts by mass of spinel type lithium titanate (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ) powder as a negative electrode active material, 5 parts by mass of acetylene black as a conductive material, and 8 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder.
- a negative electrode slurry containing N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent is applied to a negative electrode current collector (copper, thickness 10 ⁇ m) so that the amount of electrode mixture on one side is 9 mg / cm 2 (not including the current collector). After the application, the electrode was dried and pressed so that the electrode thickness on both sides was 110 ⁇ m (including the current collector), thereby preparing a negative electrode.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- a wound electrode group formed by flatly winding the positive electrode and the negative electrode through a polyethylene porous separator is a rectangular battery case made of aluminum (height 49.3 mm, width 33. 7 mm, thickness 5.17 mm), and 3.5 g of nonaqueous electrolyte was injected under reduced pressure, and then the battery case was sealed and left at 25 ° C. overnight.
- the conditions of the initial charge / discharge process were a temperature of 25 ° C., a charge current of 40 mA, a charge voltage of 2.5 V, a total charge time of 20 hours, a discharge current of 80 mA, and a discharge end voltage of 1.0 V.
- the positive electrode potential at the end of 2.5V charge of this battery was about 4.0 V with respect to the lithium potential, and the negative electrode potential was about 1.5 V with respect to the lithium potential.
- the charge / discharge process at 0 V was performed for 2 cycles.
- the 1C discharge capacity in the second cycle at this time was defined as the initial capacity.
- the battery for which the low temperature output characteristics were evaluated was charged by constant current and constant voltage charging with a charging current of 400 mA, a charging voltage of 2.5 V, and a total charging time of 3 hours.
- This battery was stored in a constant temperature bath at 80 ° C. for 4 days, and after taking out, it was cooled at 25 ° C. for 5 hours or more, and then the thickness of the central part of the battery was measured and the low-temperature output characteristics were evaluated.
- the battery capacity, the battery thickness after storage, the initial and post-storage output characteristics of the battery produced using the electrolytes A1 to K1 were measured and calculated.
- Table 1 shows the battery thickness after storage, the output characteristics after initial storage, and the rate of change.
- the symbol of electrolyte solution and an additive is as follows.
- PC propylene carbonate EC: ethylene carbonate
- MEC methyl ethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- GBL ⁇ -butyrolactone
- TMSP tris (trimethylsilyl) phosphate
- TMSB tris (trimethylsilyl) borate
- TMST tetrakis (trimethylsiloxy) titanium
- the battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte containing trimethylsilyl methanesulfonate as an additive showed excellent output characteristics in the initial characteristics as compared with the case where no additive was contained.
- a chain carbonate as a main solvent and 70% of the total volume of the nonaqueous solvent When it contained by the ratio of volume%, the battery containing TMSP, TMSB, and TMST showed a high output maintenance factor, but the output maintenance factor of the battery containing methanesulfonic acid trimethylsilyl was low.
- batteries containing TMSP have a cyclic carbonate ratio in the nonaqueous electrolyte of 10% by volume or less (a ratio of chain carbonate is 90%).
- a ratio of chain carbonate is 90%.
- the proportion of cyclic carbonate is 30% by volume (the proportion of chain carbonate is 70% by volume) (F3), the proportion of cyclic carbonate is 20% by volume (chain carbonate).
- B3, C3, D3, E3 even when stored in a high-temperature atmosphere of 80 ° C. The surprising result is that the low-temperature output characteristics are not deteriorated at all.
- the battery of J1 which does not contain chain carbonate ester in the ratio of 70 volume% or more with respect to the total volume of a nonaqueous solvent did not show the improvement of an output maintenance factor. From these results, it is preferable that the chain carbonate as the main solvent is more than 70% by volume of the total volume of the non-aqueous solvent, and the ratio of the cyclic carbonate has a carbon-carbon double bond. Less than 30% by volume in the total volume of carbonic acid ester (in the examples, the total volume of the nonaqueous solvent) is preferred.
- the chain carbonate is more preferably 90% by volume or more of the total volume of the non-aqueous solvent, and the proportion of the cyclic carbonate is 10 volume in the total volume of the carbonate without carbon-carbon double bonds. % Or less is more preferable.
- A1 to A5 non-aqueous electrolytes containing 100% by volume of chain carbonate were used, the battery voltage dropped to 0 V after standing at 80 ° C. for 4 days, and the battery capacity could not be taken out. Therefore, a nonaqueous electrolyte battery in which the chain carbonate is 100% by volume is excluded from the present invention.
- a positive electrode active material 91 parts by mass of lithium transition metal composite oxide (LiNi 1/6 Mn 1/6 Co 2/3 O 2 ) powder having a hexagonal rock salt type crystal structure, 4.5 mass of acetylene black as a conductive material Part and a positive electrode slurry containing 4.5 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent on a positive electrode current collector (aluminum, thickness 20 ⁇ m) on one side
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- ⁇ Preparation of negative electrode Contains 87 parts by mass of spinel type lithium titanate (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ) powder as a negative electrode active material, 5 parts by mass of acetylene black as a conductive material, and 8 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder.
- a negative electrode slurry containing N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent is applied to a negative electrode current collector (aluminum, thickness 20 ⁇ m), and the amount of electrode mixture on one side is 7.3 mg / cm 2 (not including the current collector). After being coated, the electrode was dried and pressed so that the electrode thickness on both sides was 99 ⁇ m (including the current collector), thereby preparing a negative electrode.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- a wound electrode group formed by flatly winding the positive electrode and the negative electrode through a polyethylene porous separator is a rectangular battery case made of aluminum (height 49.3 mm, width 33. 7 mm, thickness 5.17 mm), 2.8 g of nonaqueous electrolyte was injected under reduced pressure, and then the battery case was sealed and left at 25 ° C. overnight.
- the conditions of the initial charge / discharge process were a temperature of 25 ° C., a charge current of 80 mA, a charge voltage of 2.5 V, a total charge time of 8 hours, a discharge current of 80 mA, and a discharge end voltage of 1.0 V.
- the positive electrode potential at the end of 2.5V charge of this battery was about 4.05 V with respect to the lithium potential, and the negative electrode potential was about 1.55 V with respect to the lithium potential.
- the charging current is 400 mA
- the charging voltage is 2.5 V
- the total charging time is 3 hours
- the discharging current is 400 mA
- the discharging end voltage is 1.
- the charge / discharge process at 0 V was performed for 2 cycles.
- the 1C discharge capacity in the second cycle at this time was defined as the initial capacity.
- the lithium titanate negative electrode battery for which the low-temperature output characteristics were evaluated was charged by constant current and constant voltage charging with a charging current of 400 mA, a charging voltage of 2.5 V, and a total charging time of 3 hours. This battery was stored for 15 days in a 60 ° C. constant temperature bath, and after taking out, it was cooled at 25 ° C. for 5 hours or more, and then the thickness of the battery center was measured and the low temperature output characteristics were evaluated.
- a positive electrode active material 91 parts by mass of lithium transition metal composite oxide (LiNi 1/6 Mn 1/6 Co 2/3 O 2 ) powder having a hexagonal rock salt type crystal structure, 4.5 mass of acetylene black as a conductive material Part and a positive electrode slurry containing 4.5 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent on a positive electrode current collector (aluminum, thickness 20 ⁇ m) on one side
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- a negative electrode active material a negative electrode slurry containing 95 parts by mass of a carbon material Carbotron P powder and 5 parts by mass of a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder and using N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent is collected into the negative electrode.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- a wound electrode group formed by flatly winding the positive electrode and the negative electrode through a polyethylene porous separator is a rectangular battery case made of aluminum (height 49.3 mm, width 33. (7 mm, thickness 5.17 mm), 2.8 g of nonaqueous electrolyte was injected under reduced pressure, and then the battery case was sealed and left at 25 ° C. overnight.
- the conditions of the initial charge / discharge process were a temperature of 25 ° C., a charge current of 80 mA, a charge voltage of 4.03 V, a total charge time of 8 hours, a discharge current of 80 mA, and a discharge end voltage of 2.25 V.
- the positive electrode potential at the end of 4.03 V charge of this battery was about 4.05 V with respect to the lithium potential, and the negative electrode potential was about 0.02 V with respect to the lithium potential.
- the charging / discharging process is performed for one cycle, and then a charging current of 400 mA, a charging voltage of 4.03 V, a total charging time of 3 hours, a discharging current of 400 mA, and a discharge end voltage of 2.
- the charge / discharge process at 25 V was performed for 2 cycles.
- the 1C discharge capacity in the second cycle at this time was defined as the initial capacity.
- the carbon material negative electrode battery for which the low-temperature output characteristics were evaluated was charged by constant current and constant voltage charging with a charging current of 400 mA, a charging voltage of 4.03 V, and a total charging time of 3 hours. This battery was stored for 15 days in a 60 ° C. constant temperature bath, and after taking out, it was cooled at 25 ° C. for 5 hours or more, and then the thickness of the battery center was measured and the low temperature output characteristics were evaluated.
- the battery capacity, the battery thickness after storage, the initial storage characteristics, and the output characteristics after storage were measured and calculated for the lithium titanate negative electrode batteries prepared using the electrolytic solutions L1 to T2.
- the carbon material negative electrode battery made using the electrolyte solution of L1 ′ to O2 ′ which is the same electrolyte solution as L1 to O2 the battery capacity, the battery thickness after storage, the initial and post-storage output characteristics were measured, Calculated.
- Table 2 shows the battery thickness after storage, the output characteristics after initial storage, and the rate of change.
- the abbreviations for the negative electrode and the electrolytic solution are the same as those in Example 1 except for the following.
- Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 Lithium titanate CTP: Carbotron P MA: Methyl acetate
- the proportion of the chain carboxylate is more than 90% by volume of the total volume of the nonaqueous solvent (the proportion of the cyclic carbonate is less than 10% by volume) ( L2, M2, N2)
- the output of the chain carboxylic acid ester is maintained more than when the volume of the non-aqueous solvent is 90% by volume (the ratio of the cyclic carbonate is 10% by volume) (O2).
- the rate was great. From these results, it is preferable that the chain carboxylic acid ester as the main solvent is more than 90% by volume of the total volume of the non-aqueous solvent, and the ratio of the cyclic carbonate is the carbon contained in the non-aqueous solvent.
- the ratio of the cyclic carbonate is small, and when the cyclic carbonate is 0 (Q2), the low-temperature output characteristics are not deteriorated at all even when stored in a high temperature atmosphere of 60 ° C. As shown, the increase in battery thickness after storage was extremely small.
- the increase in battery thickness was large.
- the chain carboxylic acid ester is 100% by volume, the battery greatly swells after the initial charge / discharge step, and the chain carboxylic acid ester is contained at a rate of 98% by volume in the total volume of the nonaqueous solvent. In this case, since the battery swelled greatly after storage at 60 ° C. for 7 days, a low-temperature output test could not be performed.
- Carbon material negative batteries containing 95% by volume and 90% by volume of chain carboxylic acid esters in the total volume of non-aqueous solvent also have an increased battery thickness after storage compared to lithium titanate negative battery. It was big. Moreover, these carbon material negative electrodes (N1 ′ to O2 ′) showed excellent output characteristics in the initial characteristics, but in a low temperature output test conducted after being subjected to a storage test at 60 ° C. for 15 days. When TMST was added, the output retention rate was greatly reduced as in the case where TMST was not added. Therefore, from these results, the addition of TMST, TMSB and TMSP is effective in a non-aqueous electrolyte battery having a negative electrode whose operating potential is 1.2 V (vs.
- Li / Li + Li / Li +
- the carbon material negative electrode battery having an operating potential of less than 1.2 V (vs. Li / Li + ) is found to be ineffective, the effect of the present invention should be predicted from the carbon material negative electrode battery. I can't.
- the application of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be used for various known applications.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention can be suitably used for many applications including in-vehicle power such as power storage equipment and HEV because it can obtain excellent low-temperature output characteristics after being left at a high temperature. .
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Abstract
Description
非水電解質には、次に示す組成のものを用いた。
A1:1.2M LiPF6 MEC (比較例)
A2:1.2M LiPF6 MEC+1重量%メタンスルホン酸トリメチルシリル (比較例)
A3:1.2M LiPF6 MEC+1重量%TMSP (比較例)
A4:1.2M LiPF6 MEC+1重量%TMSB (比較例)
A5:1.2M LiPF6 MEC+1重量%TMST (比較例)
B1:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC=1:99(体積%) (比較例)
B2:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC=1:99(体積%)+1重量%メタンスルホン酸トリメチルシリル (比較例)
B3:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC=1:99(体積%)+1重量%TMSP (実施例)
C1:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC=2:98(体積%) (比較例)
C2:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC=2:98(体積%)+1重量%メタンスルホン酸トリメチルシリル (比較例)
C3:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC=2:98(体積%)+1重量%TMSP (実施例)
D1:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC=5:95(体積%) (比較例)
D2:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC=5:95(体積%)+1重量%メタンスルホン酸トリメチルシリル (比較例)
D3:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC=5:95(体積%)+1重量%TMSP (実施例)
E1:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC=10:90(体積%) (比較例)
E2:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC=10:90(体積%)+1重量%メタンスルホン酸トリメチルシリル (比較例)
E3:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC=10:90(体積%)+1重量%TMSP (実施例)
F1:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC=30:70(体積%) (比較例)
F2:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC=30:70(体積%)+1重量%メタンスルホン酸トリメチルシリル (比較例)
F3:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC=30:70(体積%)+1重量%TMSP (実施例)
F4:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC=30:70(体積%)+1重量%TMSB (実施例)
F5:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC=30:70(体積%)+1重量%TMST (実施例)
G1:1.2M LiPF6 PC:MEC=2:98(体積%) (比較例)
G2:1.2M LiPF6 PC:MEC=2:98(体積%)+1重量%メタンスルホン酸トリメチルシリル (比較例)
G3:1.2M LiPF6 PC:MEC=2:98(体積%)+1重量%TMSP (実施例)
H1:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC:DMC=10:60:30(体積%) (比較例)
H2:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC:DMC=10:60:30(体積%)+1重量%TMSP (実施例)
I1:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC:DEC=10:60:30(体積%) (比較例)
I2:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC:DEC=10:60:30(体積%)+1重量%TMSP (実施例)
J1:1.2M LiPF6 EC:GBL:DEC=1:1:4(体積%)+1重量%TMSP (比較例)
K1:1.2M LiPF6 EC:MEC=20:80(体積%)+1重量%TMSP (実施例)
正極活物質として、六方晶岩塩型結晶構造を有するリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物(LiNi1/6Mn1/6Co2/3O2)粉末91質量部、導電材であるアセチレンブラック4.5質量部及び結着剤であるポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)4.5質量部を含有し、N-メチルピロリドン(NMP)を溶剤とする正極スラリーを正極集電体(アルミニウム製、厚み20μm)に、片面の電極合剤量が9mg/cm2(集電体含まず)になるように塗布した後、乾燥し、両面の電極厚みが82μm(集電体含む)となるようにプレスすることにより正極を作製した。
負極活物質であるスピネル型チタン酸リチウム(Li4Ti5O12)粉末87質量部、導電材であるアセチレンブラック5質量部及び結着剤であるポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)8質量部を含有し、N-メチルピロリドン(NMP)を溶剤とする負極スラリーを負極集電体(銅製、厚さ10μm)に、片面の電極合剤量が9mg/cm2(集電体含まず)になるように塗布した後、乾燥し、両面の電極厚みが110μm(集電体含む)となるようにプレスすることにより負極を作製した。
ポリエチレン製の多孔質セパレータ(旭化成社製、品番:H6022)を介して前記正極及び負極を扁平捲回してなる捲回極群をアルミニウム製の角形電槽缶(高さ49.3mm、幅33.7mm、厚み5.17mm)に収納し、減圧下にて非水電解質を3.5g注液後、前記電槽缶を封口し、25℃にて一晩放置した。
次に、初期充放電工程に供した。初期充放電工程の条件は、温度25℃、充電電流40mA、充電電圧2.5V、総充電時間20時間、放電電流80mA、放電終止電圧1.0Vとした。この電池の2.5V充電末期時の正極電位はリチウム電位に対して約4.0V、負極電位はリチウム電位に対して約1.5Vであった。充電後及び放電後にそれぞれ10分の放置期間を設け、上記充放電工程を1サイクル行ったのち、充電電流400mA、充電電圧2.5V、総充電時間3時間、放電電流400mA、放電終止電圧1.0Vとした充放電工程を2サイクル行った。このときの2サイクル目の1C放電容量を初期容量とした。
25℃環境下で、充電電流400mA、充電電圧2.5V、総充電時間3時間とした定電流定電圧充電を行ったのち、-30℃の温度雰囲気下で5時間以上放置し、電池を冷却した。その後、各々400、800、1200、1600mAの電流値で10秒間放電させ、10秒目の電圧を測定した。なお、それぞれの充電後には、1時間の休止を設け、休止後、同じ温度環境下にて、直前に行われた放電と同じ電気量を同じ電流値で充電し、さらに1時間の休止を設けた。この操作により、放電前の状態が常にSOC100%となるように調整した。
V=E0+IR(R<0)
Wout=I×V=(1.5-E0)/R×1.5
低温出力特性の評価を行った電池を、充電電流400mA、充電電圧2.5V、総充電時間3時間とした定電流定電圧充電にて充電した。この電池を80℃恒温槽にて4日間保存し、取り出し後25℃にて5時間以上冷却してから、電池中央部の厚みの測定及び低温出力特性の評価を行った。
PC:プロピレンカーボネート
EC:エチレンカーボネート
MEC:メチルエチルカーボネート
DMC:ジメチルカーボネート
DEC:ジエチルカーボネート
GBL:γ-ブチロラクトン
TMSP:トリス(トリメチルシリル)ホスフェート
TMSB:トリス(トリメチルシリル)ボレート
TMST:テトラキス(トリメチルシロキシ)チタニウム
非水電解質には、次に示す組成のものを用いた。
L1:1.2M LiPF6 MA (比較例)
L2:1.2M LiPF6 MA+1重量%TMST (実施例)
L3:1.2M LiPF6 MA+1重量%TMSB (実施例)
L4:1.2M LiPF6 MA+1重量%TMSP (実施例)
M1:1.2M LiPF6 MA:EC=98:2(体積%) (比較例)
M2:1.2M LiPF6 MA:EC=98:2(体積%)+1重量%TMST (実施例)
N1:1.2M LiPF6 MA:EC=95:5(体積%) (比較例)
N2:1.2M LiPF6 MA:EC=95:5(体積%)+1重量%
TMST (実施例)
O1:1.2M LiPF6 MA:EC=90:10(体積%) (比較例)
O2:1.2M LiPF6 MA:EC=90:10(体積%)+1重量%TMST (実施例)
P1:1.2M LiPF6 MA:MEC=90:10(体積%) (比較例)
P2:1.2M LiPF6 MA:MEC=90:10(体積%)+1重量%TMST (実施例)
Q1:1.2M LiPF6 MA:EC=30:70(体積%) (比較例)
Q2:1.2M LiPF6 MA:EC=30:70(体積%)+1重量%TMST (実施例)
R1:1.2M LiPF6 MA:EC:MEC=10:20:70(体積%) (比較例)
R2:1.2M LiPF6 MA:EC:MEC=10:20:70(体積%)+1重量%TMST (実施例)
S1:1.2M LiPF6 MA:EC:MEC=30:20:50(体積%) (比較例)
S2:1.2M LiPF6 MA:EC:MEC=30:20:50(体積%)+1重量%TMST (実施例)
T1:1.2M LiPF6 MA:EC:MEC=50:10:40(体積%) (比較例)
T2:1.2M LiPF6 MA:EC:MEC=50:10:40(体積%)+1重量%TMST (実施例)
≪正極の作製≫
正極活物質として、六方晶岩塩型結晶構造を有するリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物(LiNi1/6Mn1/6Co2/3O2)粉末91質量部、導電材であるアセチレンブラック4.5質量部及び結着剤であるポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)4.5質量部を含有し、N-メチルピロリドン(NMP)を溶剤とする正極スラリーを正極集電体(アルミニウム製、厚み20μm)に、片面の電極合剤量が8.8mg/cm2(集電体含まず)になるように塗布した後、乾燥し、両面の電極厚みが81μm(集電体含む)となるようにプレスすることにより正極を作製した。
負極活物質であるスピネル型チタン酸リチウム(Li4Ti5O12)粉末87質量部、導電材であるアセチレンブラック5質量部及び結着剤であるポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)8質量部を含有し、N-メチルピロリドン(NMP)を溶剤とする負極スラリーを負極集電体(アルミ製、厚さ20μm)に、片面の電極合剤量が7.3mg/cm2(集電体含まず)になるように塗布した後、乾燥し、両面の電極厚みが99μm(集電体含む)となるようにプレスすることにより負極を作製した。
ポリエチレン製の多孔質セパレータ(旭化成社製、品番:H6022)を介して前記正極及び負極を扁平捲回してなる捲回極群をアルミニウム製の角形電槽缶(高さ49.3mm、幅33.7mm、厚み5.17mm)に収納し、減圧下にて非水電解質を2.8g注液後、前記電槽缶を封口し、25℃にて一晩放置した。
次に、初期充放電工程に供した。初期充放電工程の条件は、温度25℃、充電電流80mA、充電電圧2.5V、総充電時間8時間、放電電流80mA、放電終止電圧1.0Vとした。この電池の2.5V充電末期時の正極電位はリチウム電位に対して約4.05V、負極電位はリチウム電位に対して約1.55Vであった。充電後及び放電後にそれぞれ10分の放置期間を設け、上記充放電工程を1サイクル行ったのち、充電電流400mA、充電電圧2.5V、総充電時間3時間、放電電流400mA、放電終止電圧1.0Vとした充放電工程を2サイクル行った。このときの2サイクル目の1C放電容量を初期容量とした。
25℃環境下で、充電電流400mA、充電電圧2.5V、総充電時間3時間とした定電流定電圧充電を行ったのち、-30℃の温度雰囲気下で5時間以上放置し、電池を冷却した。その後、各々400、800、1200、1600mAの電流値で10秒間放電させ、10秒目の電圧を測定した。なお、それぞれの充電後には、1時間の休止を設け、休止後、同じ温度環境下にて、直前に行われた放電と同じ電気量を同じ電流値で充電し、さらに1時間の休止を設けた。この操作により、放電前の状態が常に満充電状態となるように調整した。
V=E0+IR(R<0)
Wout=I×V=(1.5-E0)/R×1.5
低温出力特性の評価を行ったチタン酸リチウム負極電池を、充電電流400mA、充電電圧2.5V、総充電時間3時間とした定電流定電圧充電にて充電した。この電池を60℃恒温槽にて15日間保存し、取り出し後25℃にて5時間以上冷却してから、電池中央部の厚みの測定及び低温出力特性の評価を行った。
≪正極の作製≫
正極活物質として、六方晶岩塩型結晶構造を有するリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物(LiNi1/6Mn1/6Co2/3O2)粉末91質量部、導電材であるアセチレンブラック4.5質量部及び結着剤であるポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)4.5質量部を含有し、N-メチルピロリドン(NMP)を溶剤とする正極スラリーを正極集電体(アルミニウム製、厚み20μm)に、片面の電極合剤量が14.6mg/cm2(集電体含まず)になるように塗布した後、乾燥し、両面の電極厚みが118μm(集電体含む)となるようにプレスすることにより正極を作製した。
負極活物質として、炭素材料であるカーボトロンP粉末95質量部、結着剤であるポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)5質量部を含有し、N-メチルピロリドン(NMP)を溶剤とする負極スラリーを負極集電体(銅製、厚さ10μm)に、片面の電極合材量が6.2mg/cm2(集電体含まず)になるように塗布した後、乾燥し、両面の電極厚みが141μm(集電体含む)となるようにプレスすることにより負極を作製した。
ポリエチレン製の多孔質セパレータ(旭化成社製、品番:H6022)を介して前記正極及び負極を扁平捲回してなる捲回極群をアルミニウム製の角形電槽缶(高さ49.3mm、幅33.7mm、厚みが5.17mm)に収納し、減圧下にて非水電解質を2.8g注液後、前記電槽缶を封口し、25℃にて一晩放置した。
次に、初期充放電工程に供した。初期充放電工程の条件は、温度25℃、充電電流80mA、充電電圧4.03V、総充電時間8時間、放電電流80mA、放電終止電圧2.25Vとした。この電池の4.03V充電末期時の正極電位はリチウム電位に対して約4.05V、負極電位はリチウム電位に対して約0.02Vであった。充電後及び放電後にそれぞれ10分の放置期間を設け、上記充放電工程を1サイクル行ったのち、充電電流400mA、充電電圧4.03V、総充電時間3時間、放電電流400mA、放電終止電圧2.25Vとした充放電工程を2サイクル行った。このときの2サイクル目の1C放電容量を初期容量とした。
25℃環境下で、充電電流400mA、充電電圧4.03V、総充電時間3時間とした定電流定電圧充電を行ったのち、-30℃の温度雰囲気下で5時間以上放置し、電池を冷却した。その後、各々400、800、1200、1600mAの電流値で10秒間放電させ、10秒目の電圧を測定した。なお、それぞれの充電後には、1時間の休止を設け、休止後、同じ温度環境下にて、直前に行われた放電と同じ電気量を同じ電流値で充電し、さらに1時間の休止を設けた。この操作により、放電前の状態が常に満充電状態となるように調整した。
V=E0+IR(R<0)
Wout=I×V=(2.25-E0)/R×2.25
低温出力特性の評価を行った炭素材料負極電池を、充電電流400mA、充電電圧4.03V、総充電時間3時間とした定電流定電圧充電にて充電した。この電池を60℃恒温槽にて15日間保存し、取り出し後25℃にて5時間以上冷却してから、電池中央部の厚みの測定及び低温出力特性の評価を行った。
Li4Ti5O12:チタン酸リチウム
CTP:カーボトロンP
MA:酢酸メチル
鎖状炭酸エステル又は、鎖状炭酸エステル及び鎖状カルボン酸エステルの両者を主溶媒として、非水溶媒の全体積のうち70体積%より多い割合で含有するチタン酸リチウム負極電池の場合(Q1からT2)、出力維持率の低下は、鎖状カルボン酸エステルを主溶媒とする場合に比べて、大きくないが、TMSTを添加することにより、顕著に出力維持率が向上した。この場合にも、環状炭酸エステルの割合は少ない方が好ましく、環状炭酸エステルが0の場合(Q2)に、60℃という高温雰囲気にて保存しても、まったく低温出力特性が低下しないという結果を示し、保存後の電池厚みの増加も極めて小さかった。
したがって、これらの結果から、TMST、TMSB及びTMSPの添加は、チタン酸リチウム負極電池などの作動電位が1.2V(vs.Li/Li+)以上である負極を備えた非水電解質電池において有効であるが、作動電位が1.2V(vs.Li/Li+)未満である炭素材料負極電池においては、有効でないことが分かるから、本発明の効果は、炭素材料負極電池からは予測することができない。
Claims (6)
- 非水溶媒及び電解質塩を含む非水電解質、正極及び作動電位が1.2V(vs.Li/Li+)以上である負極を備えた非水電解質電池において、前記非水電解質は、主溶媒として鎖状炭酸エステル及び/又は鎖状カルボン酸エステルを、前記非水溶媒の全体積のうち70体積%以上の割合で含有し、一般式(1)、(2)又は(3)で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とする非水電解質電池。
- 前記非水電解質は、鎖状炭酸エステルを、前記非水溶媒の全体積のうち70体積%より多い割合で含有し、前記非水溶媒が含有する炭素-炭素二重結合を有さない炭酸エステルの全体積を100とし、前記炭素-炭素二重結合を有さない炭酸エステルのうち環状炭酸エステルの体積をaとしたとき、0<a<30であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の非水電解質電池。
- 前記非水電解質は、鎖状炭酸エステルを、前記非水溶媒の全体積のうち90体積%以上の割合で含有し、前記非水溶媒が含有する炭素-炭素二重結合を有さない炭酸エステルの全体積を100とし、前記炭素-炭素二重結合を有さない炭酸エステルのうち環状炭酸エステルの体積をaとしたとき、0<a≦10であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の非水電解質電池。
- 前記非水電解質は、前記鎖状炭酸エステル及び鎖状カルボン酸エステルを、前記非水溶媒の全体積のうち70体積%より多い割合で含有し、前記非水溶媒が含有する炭素-炭素二重結合を有さない炭酸エステル、及び鎖状カルボン酸エステルの全体積を100とし、前記炭素-炭素二重結合を有さない炭酸エステルのうち環状炭酸エステルの体積をbとしたとき、0≦b<30であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の非水電解質電池。
- 前記非水電解質は、前記鎖状カルボン酸エステルを、前記非水溶媒の全体積のうち90体積%より多い割合で含有し、前記非水溶媒が含有する炭素-炭素二重結合を有さない炭酸エステル、及び鎖状カルボン酸エステルの全体積を100とし、前記炭素-炭素二重結合を有さない炭酸エステルのうち環状炭酸エステルの体積をcとしたとき、0≦c<10であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の非水電解質電池。
- 前記負極は、スピネル型チタン酸リチウムを含有していることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質電池。
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KR102255398B1 (ko) * | 2019-09-04 | 2021-05-24 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | 리튬 이차전지용 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
CN111987358A (zh) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-11-24 | 中节能万润股份有限公司 | 一种含钛类锂离子电池电解液添加剂及其制备方法与应用 |
US20240297304A1 (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2024-09-05 | Saft America | Electrolyte additive for phosphate cathode |
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JP2010205563A (ja) * | 2009-03-03 | 2010-09-16 | Gs Yuasa Corp | 非水電解質電池 |
JP2012069352A (ja) * | 2010-09-22 | 2012-04-05 | Toshiba Corp | 電極材料、電池用電極、それらの製造方法、非水電解質電池及び電池パック |
US9325013B2 (en) | 2010-09-22 | 2016-04-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Electrode material, a battery electrode, method of producing them, nonaqueous electrolyte battery and battery pack |
US8895188B2 (en) | 2010-09-22 | 2014-11-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Electrode material, a battery electrode, method of producing them, nonaqueous electrolyte battery and battery pack |
US20120231325A1 (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-09-13 | Su-Jin Yoon | Electrolyte for a lithium rechargeable battery, lithium rechargeable battery including the same, and method of manufacturing a lithium rechargeable battery |
JP2012199145A (ja) * | 2011-03-22 | 2012-10-18 | Toshiba Corp | 非水電解質電池及び電池パック |
JP2013033685A (ja) * | 2011-08-03 | 2013-02-14 | Showa Denko Kk | 二次電池用負極および二次電池 |
JP2015525452A (ja) * | 2012-07-10 | 2015-09-03 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 電解液添加剤を含む二次電池 |
US10056648B2 (en) | 2012-07-10 | 2018-08-21 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Secondary battery including electrolyte additive |
US10862165B2 (en) | 2012-07-10 | 2020-12-08 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Secondary battery including electrolyte additive |
JP2014049443A (ja) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-17 | Samsung Sdi Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池用非水電解質およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 |
WO2015050254A1 (ja) * | 2013-10-04 | 2015-04-09 | 旭化成株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池及びその製造方法 |
US10283810B2 (en) | 2014-10-17 | 2019-05-07 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Lithium-ion battery |
DE112020006663T5 (de) | 2020-03-31 | 2022-11-24 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Sekundärbatterie |
CN112630334A (zh) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-09 | 厦门海辰新能源科技有限公司 | 一种含tmsp的电解液的有机相比例检测方法 |
CN112630334B (zh) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-09-27 | 厦门海辰储能科技股份有限公司 | 一种含tmsp的电解液的有机相比例检测方法 |
JP2023547001A (ja) * | 2021-09-24 | 2023-11-09 | 寧徳時代新能源科技股▲分▼有限公司 | 電解液、二次電池、電池モジュール、電池パック及び電力消費装置 |
JP7508575B2 (ja) | 2021-09-24 | 2024-07-01 | 寧徳時代新能源科技股▲分▼有限公司 | 電解液、二次電池、電池モジュール、電池パック及び電力消費装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2262047A4 (en) | 2012-05-23 |
US20110027663A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
CN101939874B (zh) | 2013-03-13 |
JPWO2009110490A1 (ja) | 2011-07-14 |
EP2262047A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
CN101939874A (zh) | 2011-01-05 |
KR20100137415A (ko) | 2010-12-30 |
US8501356B2 (en) | 2013-08-06 |
EP2262047B1 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
JP5429631B2 (ja) | 2014-02-26 |
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