WO2007114308A1 - ナノろ過膜又は逆浸透膜の阻止率向上剤、阻止率向上方法、ナノろ過膜又は逆浸透膜、水処理方法、及び、水処理装置 - Google Patents
ナノろ過膜又は逆浸透膜の阻止率向上剤、阻止率向上方法、ナノろ過膜又は逆浸透膜、水処理方法、及び、水処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
- B01D65/06—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration with special washing compositions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/027—Nanofiltration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0088—Physical treatment with compounds, e.g. swelling, coating or impregnation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/20—Specific permeability or cut-off range
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/34—Molecular weight or degree of polymerisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/442—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by nanofiltration
Definitions
- Nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane rejection rate improver rejection rate improvement method
- Chino filtration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane water treatment method
- water treatment equipment Technical Field
- the present invention relates to a nanofiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane rejection rate improver, a rejection rate improvement method, a nanofiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane, and a water treatment method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a nanofiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane that can improve the rejection rate of a nanofiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane, particularly a nonionic solute, while maintaining a high permeation flux.
- Rejection rate improver nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane improvement method using the rejection rate improver, nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane improved in rejection rate by the method, nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane And a water treatment apparatus using the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane.
- the rejection rate of selective permeable membranes such as nanofiltration membranes and reverse osmosis membranes decreases due to the influence of oxidizing substances and reducing substances present in water, or due to deterioration of polymer materials due to other reasons.
- the required treated water quality cannot be obtained. This change can occur little by little during long-term use, or it can happen suddenly due to an accident. At that time, it is required to be able to recover from the deteriorated state without removing the membrane from the installed module, and to be able to recover while continuing the operation of treating the supplied water if possible. . If the blocking rate of the reverse osmosis membrane, whose blocking rate has fallen due to oxidation, etc., can be recovered, it can be used in a place corresponding to the level of recovery. It becomes ability.
- Nanofiltration membranes are suitable for use at ultra-low pressures, but they have a low blocking rate for organic substances and electrolytes, and if the blocking rate can be adjusted according to the purpose, the scope of application is expected to expand further.
- a membrane treatment agent such as polyvinyl methyl ether or polyethylene glycol alkyl ether is used.
- a method for maintaining the long-term performance of a reverse osmosis membrane has been proposed in which a membrane treatment agent is continuously brought into contact with a reverse osmosis membrane in a low concentration state after contacting the reverse osmosis membrane in a high concentration state (Patent Literature). 1).
- Patent Document 2 As a method of improving the impermeability and persistence of a semipermeable membrane used in reverse osmosis, etc., an effective amount of an auxiliary polymer having a substantial amount of acetyl group is added to the semipermeable membrane. A processing method has been proposed (Patent Document 2).
- semipermeable membranes used in reverse osmosis methods are not limited to used semipermeable membranes, but can be applied to unused semipermeable membranes to improve solvent permeability and solute separation.
- a treatment agent a treatment agent containing a vinyl polymer having an organic group having a acetoxy group and a terminal force lupoxyl group as a side chain has been proposed (Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 4 As a method for repairing separation membranes made of cellulose acetate or acrylic mouth-tolyl copolymer used in fields such as reverse osmosis, a liquid material that is compatible with the membrane and has a plasticizing action is applied to the defective part. A smoothing method has been proposed (Patent Document 4).
- polyamide skin can be used as a treatment method for reverse osmosis membranes, which can maintain the effect of reducing the solute concentration in reverse osmosis membrane permeated water for a long time and can separate non-electrolyte organic substances and boron that does not dissociate in the neutral region with a high rejection.
- a membrane separation device equipped with a reverse osmosis membrane element having a layer the reverse osmosis membrane element is filled in a pressure vessel in the membrane separation device, and then the reverse osmosis membrane element is contacted with a free chlorine aqueous solution containing bromine.
- An element processing method has been proposed (Patent Document 5).
- reverse osmosis membrane treated water is used as drinking water, so the recovery rate in reverse osmosis membrane treatment is reduced, reverse osmosis membrane treated water and surface water are mixed and diluted.
- the boron concentration is reduced by methods such as performing membrane treatment in multiple stages and removing with an adsorbent. Therefore, increased processing costs and process complexity are problems.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 53-28083
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 50-140378
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-114306.
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 56-67504
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-88730 Disclosure of Invention
- the present invention is able to improve the rejection rate of nanofiltration membranes or reverse osmosis membranes, particularly the rejection rate of nanofiltration membranes or reverse osmosis membranes, while maintaining a high permeation flux.
- An improvement agent a method for improving a rejection rate of a nanofiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane using the rejection rate improving agent, a nanofiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane improved in the rejection rate by the method, a nanofiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane
- the object of the present invention is to provide a water treatment method to be used and a water treatment apparatus using the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane.
- the present inventor has used a nanofiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane using an aqueous solution of a compound having a polyalkylene glycol chain having a weight average molecular weight of 2,000 to 6,000. Treatment can improve the rejection without significantly reducing the permeation flux, and this treatment can be applied to unused nanofiltration membranes or reverse osmosis membranes to improve performance.
- the present inventors have found that the rejection can be recovered by applying to a nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane whose performance has deteriorated due to use, and the present invention has been completed based on this finding. That is, the present invention
- a nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane rejection rate improver comprising a compound having a polyalkylene dallicol chain having a weight average molecular weight of 2,000 to 6,000,
- the rejection rate improving agent for a nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane according to any one of (1) to (3), comprising a rejection rate confirmation tracer comprising an inorganic electrolyte or a water-soluble organic compound, (5) An aqueous solution of a compound having a polyalkylene glycol chain obtained by diluting the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane blocking rate improver according to any one of (1) to (4) with water, a nanofiltration membrane Or a method for improving the rejection rate of a nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane, characterized by contacting the membrane with a reverse osmosis membrane,
- An aqueous solution of a compound having a polyalkylene dallicol chain obtained by diluting the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane blocking rate improver of any one of (1) to (4) with water.
- a nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane characterized in that the blocking rate is improved by contacting the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane,
- a water treatment method characterized by treating water to be treated using a nanofiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane that is improved in blocking rate by contacting with a nanofiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane;
- the first membrane module and the Z or second membrane module were obtained by diluting the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane rejection rate improving agent according to any one of (1) to (4) with water.
- a water treatment apparatus having at least two membrane modules, the second membrane module being connected to the concentrated water side of the first membrane module, the first membrane module and / or the first membrane module 2.
- a compound having a polyalkylene dallicol chain obtained by diluting the nanofiltration membrane or the reverse osmosis membrane blocking rate improver according to any one of (1) to (4) with water.
- a water treatment apparatus characterized by using a nanofiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane in which the inhibition rate is improved by bringing the aqueous solution of the aqueous solution into contact with the nanofiltration membrane or the reverse osmosis membrane,
- the rejection improving agent for a nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane of the present invention contains a compound having a polyalkylene glycol chain having a weight average molecular weight of 2,00 to 6,00.00.
- Polyalkylene alcohol has a structure that is thought to be formed by dehydration polycondensation of alkylene glycol, but in practice it can be produced by anionic polymerization by alkylene oxide or cationic polymerization by proton initiation.
- Examples of the polyalkylene dallicol chain possessed by the compound used in the present invention include a polyethylene glycol chain, a polypropylene dallicol chain, a polytrimethylene dallicol chain, and a polytetramethylene dallicol chain.
- dallicol chains can be formed by ring-opening polymerization of, for example, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, oxetane, and tetrahydrofuran.
- the compound having a polyalkylene glycol chain used in the present invention is a compound having a multi-branched structure, for example, a multi-branched polyerythritol obtained by ring-opening polymerization of tetrahydrofuran-1,4-diol, and obtained by ring-opening polymerization of glycidol. Examples thereof include hyperbranched polyglycerol.
- the polyalkylene dallicol chain of the compound used in the present invention has a weight average molecular weight of 2, 00 0 to 6, 0 0 0, more preferably 3, 0 0 to 5, 0 0 0. Polya If the weight-average molecular weight of the ruxylene glycol chain is less than 2,00, the rejection rate of the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane is not sufficiently improved, and the fixability after treatment may be lowered. If the weight average molecular weight of the polyalkylene glycol chain exceeds 6,100, the permeation flux of the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane may be greatly reduced.
- the weight average molecular weight is obtained by analyzing an aqueous solution of a compound having a polyalkylene glycol chain by gel permeation mouth chromatography (GPC) and converting the obtained chromatogram into the molecular weight of a polyethylene oxide standard product. Can do.
- the nanofiltration membrane to which the blocking rate improver of the present invention is applied is a liquid separation membrane that blocks particles and high molecules having a particle size of about 2 nm.
- the membrane structure of the nanofiltration membrane include inorganic membranes such as ceramic membranes, polymer membranes such as asymmetric membranes, composite membranes, and charged membranes.
- the reverse osmosis membrane is a liquid separation membrane that applies a pressure higher than the osmotic pressure difference between solutions through the membrane to the high concentration side to block the solute and permeate the solvent.
- Examples of the membrane structure of the reverse osmosis membrane include polymer membranes such as asymmetric membranes and composite membranes.
- the material of the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane to which the rejection rate improver of the present invention is applied examples include, for example, aromatic polyamides, aliphatic polyamides, polyamide materials such as these composite materials, and cellulose acetate. Cellulose-based materials can be listed. Among these, the blocking rate improver of the present invention can be particularly suitably applied to aromatic polyamides. The blocking rate improver of the present invention can also be applied to the level difference of an unused nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane, or a nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane that has been used and has reduced performance.
- the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane module is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a tubular membrane module, a planar membrane module, a spiral membrane module, and a hollow fiber membrane module.
- a compound in which an ionic group is introduced into the polyalkylene glycol chain can be used as the compound having a polyalkylene glycol chain.
- the ionic group include a sulfo group 1 S 0 3 H, a carboxyl group 1 COOH, an amino group 1 NH 2 , and a quaternary ammonium group 1 N + R 3 X—.
- Nanofiltration membranes or reverse osmosis membranes are often filtered under mildly acidic conditions in order to prevent the occurrence of scale, and in that case, they become an anion rich, so the introduction of strong anionic sulfo groups is difficult. It is valid.
- a sulfonated polyethylene glycol represented by the formula [1] or the formula [2] can be synthesized.
- (X, Y) is (H, CH 2 OH) or (CH 2 OH, H).
- the sulfonated polyethylene dallicol is not limited to the compound represented by the formula [1] or the formula [2].
- the compound represented by the formula [3], the compound represented by the formula [4] Etc. can be illustrated.
- polyalkylene glycol chains in which ionic properties are not introduced By treating the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane with an aqueous solution containing water and adsorbing a compound having a polyalkylene dallicol chain with no ionic group introduced into the membrane, the blocking rate of nonionic low molecules is improved. Can be made.
- the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane with an aqueous solution having a polyalkylene glycol chain having an ionic group introduced therein, the compound having a polyalkylene dallicol chain having an ionic group introduced is adsorbed on the membrane. , The rejection rate of ionic solutes can be improved.
- the present invention is an invention that improves the rejection rate of a nanofiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane.
- a higher rejection rate can be given depending on the rejection rate. It is possible.
- a reverse osmosis membrane is obtained by using a compound having a polyalkylene glycol chain having a weight average molecular weight of 2, 00 to 6, 000. While maintaining high permeation flux, the blocking rate of reverse osmosis membranes is improved, and low molecular weight nonionic organic substances, boron, silica, etc., which were difficult to remove with conventional reverse osmosis membranes, are effectively removed. be able to.
- the polyalkylene glycol chain is preferably a polyethylene glycol chain.
- a compound having a polyethylene dallicol chain is easy to handle as a blocking rate improver because it has a large 1 "aqueous solution, and has a high affinity for the composite membrane surface, so there is little degradation in performance over time after treatment.
- the rejection improving agent for the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane of the present invention can contain a rejection rate confirmation tracer made of an inorganic electrolyte or a water-soluble organic compound. Continuing the treatment by confirming the rejection rate of the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane over time by passing water containing tracer together with the compound having polyalkylene dallicol chain through the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane Or a stop can be judged.
- the water flow treatment time is usually preferably 1 to 50 hours, more preferably 2 to 24 hours, but when the tracer concentration of the permeate reaches a predetermined value, the nanofiltration membrane or The rejection rate of the reverse osmosis membrane can be determined to be a predetermined value, and the rejection rate improvement process can be terminated.
- the contact time between the aqueous solution of the rejection rate improver and the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane is necessary and sufficient.
- the minimum length can be controlled and normal operation of the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane can be started immediately.
- the processing can be efficiently performed a plurality of times without losing the switching timing.
- the inorganic electrolyte used as the tracer for example, sodium chloride sodium chloride, sodium nitrate nitrate, and weak electrolyte boric acid can be used. From the viewpoint of ease of handling, sodium chloride sodium can be preferably used.
- the water-soluble organic compound used as the tracer for example, isopropyl alcohol, glucose, urea and the like can be mentioned, and isopropyl alcohol can be preferably used from the viewpoint of ease of handling and property. .
- the concentration of the tracer is preferably 10 to 1,0 OmgZL, more preferably 100 to 50 OnigZL in the case of an inorganic strong electrolyte such as sodium chloride. In the case of other inorganic weak electrolytes such as boric acid and water-soluble organic substances such as isopropyl alcohol, the concentration is preferably 1 to 5,000 mg / L, and more preferably 5 to l, 000 mgZL.
- the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane rejection rate improving agent of the present invention is diluted with water, and the compound having a polyalkylenedaricol chain is added.
- the aqueous solution preferably having a concentration of 0.01 to 10 mgZL, more preferably 0.1 to 5 mg / L, is brought into contact with the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane, and preferably is passed at an operating pressure at which a permeate is generated.
- the operating pressure is preferably about the same as that during actual use.
- concentration of the compound having a polyalkylene glycol chain an appropriate concentration can be selected in consideration of concentration polarization.
- a thin adsorption layer By passing a low-concentration aqueous solution and performing a filtration operation, a thin adsorption layer can be efficiently formed in the water passage and the permeation flux reduction can be minimized. If the concentration of the compound having a polyalkylene dallic chain is less than 0.0 lmg / L, the adsorption layer may be incomplete and the rejection rate may not be sufficiently improved. If the concentration of the compound having a polyalkylene glycol chain exceeds 1 Omg ZL, the adsorption layer may become too thick, and the permeation flux may be greatly reduced.
- the method for improving the rejection rate of the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane of the present invention is applied to an unused nanofiltration membrane, a reverse osmosis membrane, or a nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane having the same rejection rate as an unused membrane. can do. Unused nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane or unused blocking rate
- the rejection rate can be improved. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the decrease in permeation flux over time due to the adsorption of other organic substances.
- the method for improving the rejection rate of the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane of the present invention can be applied to a nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane whose rejection rate is lower than that of an unused nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane due to deterioration. .
- a rejection rate improver By treating a nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane having a reduced rejection rate with a rejection rate improver, the rejection rate can be improved.
- the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane of the present invention is prepared by diluting the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane blocking rate improver with water, and the compound having a polyalkylene glycol chain, preferably at a concentration of 0.001 to 10. It is a nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane in which the blocking rate is improved by bringing the aqueous solution into mg ZL into contact with the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane, preferably passing water.
- the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane of the present invention can be used in the state of being attached to the module used for the treatment for improving the P and retention rate, or can be used after being detached from the module and attached to another module. You can also.
- module B when the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane desorbed from module A is attached to module B to improve the blocking rate, and then desorbed and attached to module C, module A, module B and module.
- module C when the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane desorbed from module A is attached to module B to improve the blocking rate, and then desorbed and attached to module C, module A, module B and module.
- module C when the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane desorbed from module A is attached to module B to improve the blocking rate, and then desorbed and attached to module C, module A, module B and module.
- module C can be the same module or all different modules.
- nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane of the present invention for example, an aqueous system that requires a higher rejection than an unused nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane, an unused nanofiltration membrane, Examples thereof include a nanofiltration membrane having a blocking rate lower than that of a reverse osmosis membrane or a wastewater treatment system when the blocking rate of the reverse osmosis membrane is recovered.
- This nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane improves the rejection rate by adsorbing compounds having polyalkylene chains with a weight average molecular weight of 2,00 to 6,00,00.
- the system can also reduce the adsorption of pollutants contained in the treated water, and in some cases, has higher permeation than normal nanofiltration membranes and reverse osmosis membranes.
- the flux can be maintained for a long time.
- the water treatment method of the present invention is a method of using the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane rejection rate improver of the present invention with water.
- the blocking rate is improved by diluting an aqueous solution of a compound having a polyalkylene glycol chain, preferably with a concentration of 0.01-1 Omg / L, into contact with, preferably through, the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane.
- This is a water treatment method for treating treated water using a nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane.
- the water treatment method of the present invention uses at least two membrane modules and treats at least a part of the concentrated water obtained by passing the treated water through the first membrane module with the second membrane module.
- a water treatment method wherein the first membrane module and Z or the second membrane module are prepared by diluting the blocking rate improver of the present invention with water, and preferably having a polyalkylene glycol chain.
- a nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane having an improved blocking rate by bringing an aqueous solution having a concentration of 0.01 to 1 Omg / L into contact with the nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane can be used.
- the water to be treated to which the water treatment method of the present invention is applied is not particularly limited.
- water containing an inorganic electrolyte water containing a low molecular weight nonionic organic substance, water containing boron, water containing silica And so on.
- the water treatment method of the present invention can be suitably applied to treated water containing boron, and is particularly suitable for desalination treatment of treated water (for example, seawater) containing boron 3 to 8 mgB ZL. It can be applied to.
- the water treatment device of the present invention is a nanofiltration membrane prepared by diluting the blocking rate improver of the present invention with water and a water solution of a compound having a polyalkylene glycol chain, preferably having a concentration of 0.01 to 10 mg / L.
- it is a water treatment device using a nanofiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane that improves the rejection rate by contacting, preferably passing water through, the reverse osmosis membrane.
- the water treatment apparatus uses at least two membrane modules, and treats at least a portion of the concentrated water obtained by passing the treated water through the first membrane module with the second membrane module.
- a treatment apparatus wherein the first membrane module and the Z or second membrane module are preferably prepared by diluting the blocking rate improver of the present invention with water and having a polyalkylene dallicol chain.
- the water treatment method and the water treatment apparatus of the present invention can be used in a water treatment method and a water treatment apparatus using a nanofiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane. Specifically, desalination of seawater or brine and recovery of wastewater. And can be used for the production of pure water or ultrapure water.
- the nanofiltration membrane prevents the reverse osmosis membrane from clogging, and as a pretreatment device, an activated carbon tower, a coagulation sedimentation device, a coagulation pressure flotation device, a filter It is preferable to provide an excess device or a decarboxylation device.
- a sand filtration device As the filtration device, a sand filtration device, an ultrafiltration device, a microfiltration device, a small filtration device, or the like can be used.
- a pretreatment device As the pretreatment device, a prefilter may be further provided.
- a device for removing the oxidant (oxidation degradation inducer) contained in the raw water As an apparatus for removing such an oxidative degradation inducing substance, an activated carbon tower, a reducing agent injection apparatus, or the like can be used. In particular, the activated carbon tower can remove organic matter and can also be used as a means for preventing fouling as described above.
- a decarboxylation means an ion exchange device, an electric regeneration type deionization device, a UV oxidation device, a mixed grease device, a limit An external filtration device or the like is provided.
- the rejection rate was calculated by the following equation.
- a reverse osmosis membrane [Nitto Denko Corporation, ES 20] was placed in a flat membrane cell with a membrane area of 8 cm 2 , and a urea solution with a concentration of 50 mg ZL was passed at a pressure of 0.7 5 MPa. .
- the permeation flux was 1.0 2 4 m 3 / (m 2 ⁇ d), and the rejection was 0.1 5.4.
- an aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol having a weight average molecular weight of 22,000 and a concentration of l ni g / L, or an aqueous solution of polyethyleneimine having a weight average molecular weight of 75,000 and a concentration of lmg / L
- polyvinyl alcohol the permeation flux is 0.736 m 3 / (m 2 'd)
- the rejection is 0.231.
- polyethyleneimine the permeation flux is 0.75 Om 3 / (m 2 ⁇ d). The rejection rate was 0.218.
- Example 1 The results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1.
- polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of 2,000 to 6,000, more preferably polyethylene dallicol having a weight average molecular weight of about 4,000, can improve urea rejection without significantly reducing the permeation flux. it can.
- Polyvinyl alcohol having a weight average molecular weight of 22,000 or polyethyleneimine having a weight average molecular weight of 75,000 has a weight average molecular weight larger than that of polyethylene dallicol used in Example 1, but without reducing the permeation flux, It can be seen that the effect of improving the rejection rate is small.
- a reverse osmosis membrane [Nitto Denko Corporation, ES 20] was placed in a flat membrane cell with a membrane area of 8 cm 2
- An aqueous isopropyl alcohol solution having a degree of 30 Omg / L was passed at a pressure of 0.75 MPa.
- the permeation flux was 1.069m 3 / (m 2 ⁇ d), and the rejection was 0.778.
- the same test was performed using sulfonated polyethylene glycol instead of polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of 4,000.
- the sulfonated polyethylene glycol is an aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of 4,000, lmmo 1 ZL, 2,3-epoxy monopropanolate 10 Ommo 1 / L and sodium sulfite l O Ommo lZL. It was synthesized by refluxing at a temperature of 80 for 20 minutes. The permeation flux was 0.729 m 3 / (m 2 -d), and the rejection was 0.804.
- Example 2 The same test as in Example 2 was performed using an aqueous sodium chloride solution having a concentration of 500 mg / L instead of an aqueous isopropyl alcohol solution having a concentration of S 2 O mg / L.
- a reverse osmosis membrane for seawater desalination [Toray Industries, Inc., TM80] was placed in a flat membrane cell with a membrane area of 8 cm 2 , and a hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution with a concentration of about 7 mg B / L was passed through at a pressure of 3.0 MPa. did.
- the permeation flux is 1.1 lm 3 Z (m 2 'd)
- the boron concentration in the feed liquid is 6.83 mgB / L
- the boron concentration in the concentrate is 12.89 mgB / L
- the boron concentration in the permeate is 2.77 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ / I got it.
- the same flat membrane cell equipped with a reverse osmosis membrane was passed through an aqueous solution of sulfonated polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of 4,000 at a concentration of 0.1 mgZL at a pressure of 3.0 MPa for 20 hours.
- a boric acid aqueous solution having a concentration of about 7 mg BZL was passed over 410 hours, and the permeation flux and the boron concentration of the feed solution, the concentrated solution, and the permeated solution were measured.
- the permeation flux is 0.83 m 3 / (m 2 -d) for 1 to 5 hours after the end of the sulfonated polyethylene glycol aqueous solution, and the boron concentration is 6.77 mgB / L for the feed solution, 10.92 for the concentrate solution. mgB / L and permeate 1.38 mgBZL.
- the permeation flux is 0.79 m 3 Z (m 2 'd) for 400 to 410 hours after the sulfonated polyethylene glycol aqueous solution is passed, and the boron concentration is 7.04 mg B / L for the feed solution and 10% for the concentrate solution. ⁇ 62 mgB / L, Permeate 1 ⁇ 07 mgB / L.
- Table 3 shows the permeation flux and the boron concentration in each solution.
- the boron concentration in the permeate was 2.77 mgBZL.
- the boron concentration in the permeate Is reduced to 1.07-1.38 mgB / L.
- the permeation flux immediately after passing the sulfonated polyethylene glycol aqueous solution through the reverse osmosis membrane was 0.83 m 3 / (m 2 -d), whereas the permeation flux after 400 hours was 0.79 m 3 / (m 2 ⁇ d), and the performance of the reverse osmosis membrane is maintained for 400 hours or more.
- the reverse osmosis membrane spiral element was treated with a polyethylene glycol aqueous solution, and the permeation flux and the blocking rate were investigated for a sodium chloride aqueous solution and a hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution.
- Pure water was passed through a 4-inch ultra-low pressure reverse osmosis membrane spiral element [Nitto Denko Corporation, ES 20-D4] at a pressure of 0.75 MPa.
- the permeation flux was 1.065 m 3 / (m 2 ⁇ d).
- the reverse osmosis membrane spiral element was passed through a salt sodium aqueous solution having a concentration of 40 Omg / L at a pressure of 0.75 MPa.
- the permeation flux was ⁇ .958 m 3 / (m 2 -d), and the rejection was 0.9952.
- a boric acid aqueous solution having a concentration of YmgBZL was passed at a pressure of 0.75 MPa.
- the permeation flux was 1.08 m 3 / (m 2 ⁇ d), and the rejection was 0.495.
- the same reverse osmosis membrane spiral element was pressurized with an aqueous solution containing polyethylene glycol ArngZL with a weight average molecular weight of 4,000 and sodium chloride 40 OmgZL. Water was passed through at 0.75 MPa, and after 1 hour, it was confirmed that the electric conductivity of the permeate was 12 and the treatment was completed.
- Pure water was passed through the reverse osmosis membrane spiral element that had been treated with polyethylene glycol at a pressure of 0.75 MPa.
- the permeation flux was 0.808 mV (m 2 ⁇ d).
- the reverse osmosis membrane spiral element was passed through a salt sodium aqueous solution having a concentration of 40 OmgZL at a pressure of 0.75 MPa.
- the permeation flux was 0.77 Om 3 / (m 2 ⁇ d), and the rejection rate was 0.9978.
- a boric acid aqueous solution having a concentration of 7 mg BZL was passed through at a pressure of 0.75 MPa.
- the permeation flux was 0.82 m 3 / (m 2 ⁇ d), and the rejection was 0.583.
- the treatment of reverse osmosis membrane spiral element with polyethylene darcol reduces the concentration of permeated salt of sodium chloride to 1Z 2 or less, and the boron concentration also decreases by about 20%.
- the Spiranore membrane element has a lower concentration polarization than the flat membrane, so even if the concentration of the polyethylene glycol aqueous solution to be passed is high, the decrease in the permeation flux is small and the overall rejection is high. Has been obtained.
- the permeation flux and the blocking rate were measured by passing the sodium chloride aqueous solution, the sodium nitrate aqueous solution or the isopropyl alcohol aqueous solution.
- a nanofiltration membrane [Nitto Denko Corporation, LES 90] was placed in a flat membrane cell with a membrane area of 8 cm 2 , and a sodium chloride aqueous solution with a concentration of 500 mg was passed at a pressure of 0.5 MPa.
- the permeation flux was 1,108 m 3 / (ni 2 ⁇ d), and the rejection was 0.897.
- a sodium nitrate aqueous solution having a concentration of 500 mg ZL was passed at a pressure of 0.5 MPa.
- the permeation flux was 1.22 ⁇ 3 / ⁇ !!! 2 ⁇ d), and the rejection rate was 0.796.
- an aqueous isopropyl alcohol solution having a concentration of 30 OmgZL was passed at a pressure of 0.5 MPa.
- the permeation flux was 1.322m 3 Z (m 2 ⁇ d), and the rejection rate was 0.439.
- a solution of lmg / L of sulfonated polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of 4,000 was passed through the same flat membrane on which the nanofiltration membrane was installed at a pressure of 0.5 MPa for 20 hours.
- a 50 Omg / L aqueous sodium chloride solution was passed at a pressure of 0.5 MPa.
- the permeation flux was 0.602 m 3 / (m 2 ⁇ d), and the rejection was 0.95 5.
- an aqueous sodium nitrate solution having a concentration of 50 Omg / L was passed at a pressure of 0.5 MPa.
- the permeation flux was 0.656 m 3 / (m 2 -d), and the rejection was 0.915.
- an aqueous isopropyl alcohol solution having a concentration of 30 Omg / L was passed at a pressure of 0.5 MPa.
- the permeation flux was 0.727 m 3 Z (m 2 'd), and the rejection rate was 0.712.
- the concentration of a sulfonated polyethylene glycol aqueous solution with a weight average molecular weight of 4,000 that passes through the same flat membrane with a nanofiltration membrane is 0. Or, the same operation was performed as 0.1 mgZL. '
- Table 5 shows the permeation flux and the rejection rate before and after water flow treatment with a sulfonated polyethylene glycol aqueous solution.
- an aqueous solution of sulfone polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of 4,000 and a concentration of ImgZL was passed at an operating pressure of 1.2 MPa for 20 hours.
- the reverse osmosis membrane spiral element repaired by passing water has an operating pressure of 1.2 MPa, a pure water permeation flux of 1. 242 m 3 / / (m 2 ⁇ d), and a concentration of 500 mg / L.
- the permeation flux of the aqueous sodium solution was 0.992 m 3 / (m 2 ⁇ d), and the rejection was 0.968.
- Example 7 For the 4-inch low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane spiral element whose solute inhibition performance was greatly degraded by contact with the same kind of oxidizing agent as in Example 7, instead of the sulfonated polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of 4,000, the weight average molecular weight The same operation as in Example 7 was performed using 22,000 polyvinyl alcohol or polyethyleneimine having a weight average molecular weight of 75,000.
- the permeation flux of pure water before repair 1.454mV (m 2 ⁇ d), 50 Omg / L of sodium chloride aqueous solution 1. 210m 3 / (m 2 ⁇ d ), Rejection rate of 0.889 lm 3 / (pure water flux of pure water 1.045 m 3 / (m 2 ⁇ d), concentration 50 Omg / L sodium chloride aqueous solution after treatment m 2 ⁇ d), with a rejection rate of 0.918.
- the permeation flux of pure water before repair 1.568 m 3 / (m 2 d)
- the permeation flux of pure water permeate 1.197m / (m 2 -d) and 50 OmgZL of salt water solution 0.97 Om 3 / (m 2 ⁇ d)
- the rejection rate was 0.992.
- Example 7 The results of Example 7 and Comparative Example 2 are shown in Table 6.
- Example 7 As shown in Table 6, in Example 7 in which a sulfonated polyethylene dallicol aqueous solution was passed through a reverse permeable membrane spiral element whose solute blocking performance deteriorated due to contact with an oxidant, The permeation flux decreases little, the rejection rate is improved, and the performance is restored to the level where it can be used for the purpose of producing middle water.
- Comparative Example 2 in which the aqueous solution of polybulualcohol or polyethyleneimine was passed through the deteriorated reverse osmosis membrane spiral element, although the permeation flux decreased significantly compared to Example 7, Less improvement in rejection rate.
- Example 8 Example 8
- P P G Polypropylene Daricol Polypropylene Daricol also has the effect of improving the boron rejection, and it can be seen that the effect is maintained. Compared with polyethylene glycol of the same molecular weight, the effect of improving the rejection is small, but the decrease in permeation flux is small.
- a water treatment method and a water treatment apparatus for treating concentrated water obtained by passing water to be treated through the first membrane module using the two membrane modules with the second membrane module are provided in the present invention.
- the effect in the case of using a reverse osmosis membrane treated with a stopping rate improver was confirmed.
- first membrane module and the second membrane module use a 4-inch spiral reverse osmosis membrane “NTR-7575 9 H RJ made by Nitto Denko Corporation in a housing as a module. Note that the entire amount of concentrated water from the first membrane module is supplied to the second membrane module, and the permeated water of the second membrane module is returned to the first membrane module so as to be supplied to the first membrane module. The concentrated water from the second membrane module is discharged outside the system. It was.
- the operating conditions are as follows.
- Table 8 shows the quality of permeated water and concentrated water from each module.
- Permeated water volume of the first membrane module 49.5 m 3 / h
- a 4-inch spiral reverse osmosis membrane “N TR-759HR” manufactured by Nitto Denko Co., Ltd. is housed in the housing, and the concentration of polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of 4,000 is 1 mgZL.
- the tap water was treated under the same conditions as in Comparative Example 3 except that the aqueous solution was treated with water at a pressure of 0.75 MPa for 20 hours. The results are shown in Table 8.
- a 4-inch spiral reverse osmosis membrane “NTR-759HR” manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation is housed in a housing, and a polyethylene glycol having a weight average molecular weight of 4,000 is previously stored.
- the tap water was treated under the same conditions as in Comparative Example 3, except that an aqueous solution having a concentration of 1 mg / L was passed for 20 hours at a pressure of 0.75 MPa. The results are shown in Table 8.
- a nanofiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane it is difficult for a nanofiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane to have a high permeation flux while maintaining a high rejection rate of the nanofiltration membrane or the reverse osmosis membrane, particularly a conventional nanofiltration membrane or a reverse osmosis membrane.
- the rejection with respect to the nonionic solute which existed can be improved.
- the blocking rate improving agent and the blocking rate improving method of the present invention are applied not only to unused nanofiltration membranes or reverse osmosis membranes, but also to nanofiltration membranes or reverse osmosis membranes deteriorated by use, and use membranes. Its performance can be easily and safely restored at the place where it is located. Further, according to the water treatment apparatus of the present invention, highly purified permeated water can be obtained with a high recovery rate.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/225,604 US20090266764A1 (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2007-03-23 | Agent and Process for Increasing Rejection of Nanofiltration Membrane or Reverse Osmosis Membrane, Nanofiltration Membrane or Reverse Osmosis Membrane, Process for Water Treatment and Apparatus for Water Treatment |
CN2007800115624A CN101410169B (zh) | 2006-03-29 | 2007-03-23 | 纳米过滤膜或反渗透膜的阻止率提高剂、阻止率提高方法、纳米过滤膜或反渗透膜、水处理方法及水处理装置 |
ES07740448T ES2380371T3 (es) | 2006-03-29 | 2007-03-23 | Agente y proceso para aumentar el rechazo de una membrana de nanofiltración o membrana de osmosis inversa, membrana de nanofiltración o membrana de osmosis inversa, proceso para el tratamiento de agua, y aparato para el tratamiento de agua |
EP07740448A EP2000197B1 (en) | 2006-03-29 | 2007-03-23 | Rejection improver for nanofiltration membranes or reverse osmosis membranes, method for improving rejection, nanofiltration membranes or reverse osmosis membranes, and method and equipment for water treatment |
AT07740448T ATE542596T1 (de) | 2006-03-29 | 2007-03-23 | Abstossverbesserer für nanofiltriermembranen oder umkehrosmosemembranen, verfahren zur abstossverbesserung, nanofiltriermembranen oder umkehrosmosemembranen sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zur wasserbehandlung |
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JP2006091050 | 2006-03-29 | ||
JP2006-091050 | 2006-03-29 | ||
JP2006355141A JP5151152B2 (ja) | 2006-03-29 | 2006-12-28 | ナノろ過膜又は逆浸透膜の阻止率向上剤、阻止率向上方法、ナノろ過膜又は逆浸透膜、水処理方法、及び、水処理装置 |
JP2006-355141 | 2006-12-28 |
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US (1) | US20090266764A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2000197B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5151152B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20080110873A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101410169B (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE542596T1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2380371T3 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI425976B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007114308A1 (ja) |
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JPWO2008090854A1 (ja) * | 2007-01-24 | 2010-05-20 | 栗田工業株式会社 | 逆浸透膜処理方法 |
US8972878B2 (en) * | 2009-09-21 | 2015-03-03 | Avaya Inc. | Screen icon manipulation by context and frequency of Use |
JP5633517B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-29 | 2014-12-03 | 栗田工業株式会社 | 透過膜の阻止率向上方法及び透過膜 |
JP5526067B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-29 | 2014-06-18 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | ガス分離膜、ガス分離膜の製造方法、それらを用いたガス混合物の分離方法、ガス分離膜モジュール、気体分離装置 |
US8857629B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2014-10-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Composite membrane with multi-layered active layer |
US8709536B2 (en) | 2010-09-01 | 2014-04-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Composite filtration membranes and methods of preparation thereof |
US8727135B2 (en) | 2010-09-01 | 2014-05-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Composite filtration membranes and methods of preparation thereof |
PL2684598T3 (pl) * | 2011-03-09 | 2019-09-30 | Kurita Water Industries Ltd. | Sposób poprawiania współczynnika zatrzymania membrany do odwróconej osmozy oraz zastosowanie środka do obróbki do poprawiania współczynnika zatrzymania membrany do odwróconej osmozy |
US9022227B2 (en) | 2011-03-21 | 2015-05-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Composite membranes and methods of preparation thereof |
US9561474B2 (en) | 2012-06-07 | 2017-02-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Composite membrane with multi-layered active layer |
JP2014121681A (ja) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-07-03 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 逆浸透膜の親水化処理方法 |
JP6251953B2 (ja) | 2012-12-28 | 2017-12-27 | 栗田工業株式会社 | 逆浸透膜の阻止率向上方法 |
SG11201509936VA (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2016-01-28 | Basf Se | Process for reducing the total organic carbon in wastewater |
WO2016027302A1 (ja) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-02-25 | 栗田工業株式会社 | 逆浸透膜装置及びその運転方法 |
WO2016111371A1 (ja) * | 2015-01-09 | 2016-07-14 | 東レ株式会社 | 半透膜の阻止性能向上方法、半透膜、半透膜造水装置 |
JP6090378B2 (ja) * | 2015-07-27 | 2017-03-08 | 栗田工業株式会社 | 逆浸透膜用洗浄液、および洗浄方法 |
CN105585076A (zh) * | 2015-12-19 | 2016-05-18 | 杭州水处理技术研究开发中心有限公司 | 一种利用半透膜进行防结垢工艺 |
WO2019107045A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-06-06 | オルガノ株式会社 | 尿素の分析方法及び分析装置 |
JP7454330B2 (ja) | 2018-06-20 | 2024-03-22 | オルガノ株式会社 | 被処理水中のホウ素除去方法、ホウ素除去システム、超純水製造システム及びホウ素濃度の測定方法 |
CN112755810B (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2023-05-12 | 中化(宁波)润沃膜科技有限公司 | 一种荷正电复合纳滤膜及其制备方法 |
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EP2000197A1 (en) | 2008-12-10 |
TWI425976B (zh) | 2014-02-11 |
KR20080110873A (ko) | 2008-12-19 |
EP2000197B1 (en) | 2012-01-25 |
EP2000197A4 (en) | 2009-07-08 |
JP5151152B2 (ja) | 2013-02-27 |
CN101410169B (zh) | 2012-02-15 |
ES2380371T3 (es) | 2012-05-11 |
TW200744744A (en) | 2007-12-16 |
ATE542596T1 (de) | 2012-02-15 |
US20090266764A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
CN101410169A (zh) | 2009-04-15 |
JP2007289922A (ja) | 2007-11-08 |
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