WO2007051154A2 - A method and apparatus for pre-coding frequency division duplexing system - Google Patents
A method and apparatus for pre-coding frequency division duplexing system Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007051154A2 WO2007051154A2 PCT/US2006/060286 US2006060286W WO2007051154A2 WO 2007051154 A2 WO2007051154 A2 WO 2007051154A2 US 2006060286 W US2006060286 W US 2006060286W WO 2007051154 A2 WO2007051154 A2 WO 2007051154A2
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- rank value
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0621—Feedback content
- H04B7/063—Parameters other than those covered in groups H04B7/0623 - H04B7/0634, e.g. channel matrix rank or transmit mode selection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0636—Feedback format
- H04B7/0639—Using selective indices, e.g. of a codebook, e.g. pre-distortion matrix index [PMI] or for beam selection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
- H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
- H04B7/2621—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile using frequency division multiple access [FDMA]
Definitions
- the present description relates generally to a pre-coding technique, more particularly, pre-coding for multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) system that uses a frequency division duplexing (FDD).
- MIMO multiple input and multiple output
- FDD frequency division duplexing
- Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, data, and so on. These systems may be multiple-access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., bandwidth and transmit power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems.
- CDMA code division multiple access
- TDMA time division multiple access
- FDMA frequency division multiple access
- OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
- a wireless multiple-access communication system can simultaneously support communication for multiple wireless terminals.
- Each terminal communicates with one or more base stations via transmissions on the forward and reverse links.
- the forward link (or downlink) refers to the communication link from the base stations to the terminals
- the reverse link (or uplink) refers to the communication link from the terminals to the base stations.
- This communication link may be established via a single-in-single-out, multiple-in-signal-out or a multiple-in- multiple-out (MIMO) system.
- MIMO multiple-in- multiple-out
- a MIMO system employs multiple (Nr) transmit antennas and multiple (N R ) receive antennas for data transmission.
- a MIMO channel formed by the N T transmit and N R receive antennas may be decomposed into Ns independent channels, which are also referred to as spatial channels, where N s ⁇ mk ⁇ N ⁇ , N R ⁇ .
- Each of the Ns independent channels corresponds to a dimension.
- the MIMO system can provide improved performance (e.g., higher throughput, greater reliability, best spectral efficiency, etc.) if the additional dimensionalities created by the multiple transmit and receive antennas are utilized.
- a MIMO system supports a time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) systems.
- TDD time division duplex
- FDD frequency division duplex
- the forward and reverse link transmissions are on the same frequency region so that the reciprocity principle allows the estimation of the forward link channel from the reverse link channel. This enables the access point to extract transmit eigen-beamforming gain on the forward link when multiple antennas are available at the access point.
- FDD frequency division duplex
- the forward and reverse link transmissions are on widely separated frequencies. As a result, the forward link channel and the reverse link channel may fade independently.
- a direct consequence is that the reverse link channel estimates do not provide instantaneous channel knowledge of the forward link. This problem is further complicated in a system with multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas, also known as MIMO.
- an apparatus comprises plurality of electronic devices, each having a logic, wherein the apparatus is configured use one or more electronic devices to determine a preferred rank value and a matrix index. The apparatus is further configured to transmit the rank value and matrix index to another electronic device.
- an apparatus comprises plurality of electronic devices, each having a logic, wherein the apparatus is configured use one or more electronic devices to receive a message comprising a rank value and a matrix index. The apparatus is further configured to determine if the received matrix may be used or discarded.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a multiple access wireless communication system according to one embodiment
- FIG. 2 a block diagram of a communication system
- FIG. 3 illustrate a process executed by the access terminal
- FIG. 4 illustrates a process executed by the access point.
- a access point 100 includes multiple antenna groups, one including 104 and 106, another including 108 and 110, and an additional including 112 and 114. In Fig. 1, only two antennas are shown for each antenna group, however, more or fewer antennas may be utilized for each antenna group.
- Access terminal 116 is in communication with antennas 112 and 114, where antennas 112 and 114 transmit information to access terminal 116 over forward link 120 and receive information from access terminal 116 over reverse link 118.
- Access terminal 122 is in communication with antennas 106 and 108, where antennas 106 and 108 transmit information to access terminal 122 over forward link 126 and receive information from access terminal 122 over reverse link 124.
- communication links 118, 120, 124 and 126 may use different carrier frequency for communication.
- forward link 120 may use a different carrier frequency than that used by reverse link 118.
- Each group of antennas and/or the area in which they are designed to communicate is often referred to as a sector of the access point.
- antenna groups each are designed to communicate to access terminals in a sector , of the areas covered by access point 100.
- the transmitting antennas of access point 100 utilize eigen-beamforming in order to improve the spectral efficiency of forward links for the different access terminals 116 and 124. Also, an access point using eigen-beamforming to transmit to access terminals scattered randomly through its coverage causes less interference to access terminals in neighboring cells than a access point transmitting through a single antenna to all its access terminals.
- An access point may be a fixed station used for communicating with, the terminals and may also be referred to as an access point, a Node B, or some other terminology.
- An access terminal may also be called a mobile terminal, a user equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, terminal, access terminal or some other terminology.
- UE user equipment
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a transmitter system 210 (also known as the access point) and a receiver system 250 (also known as access terminal) in a MIMO system 200.
- a transmitter system 210 also known as the access point
- a receiver system 250 also known as access terminal
- traffic data for a number of data streams is provided from a data source 212 to a transmit (TX) data processor 214.
- TX transmit
- each data stream is transmitted over a respective transmit antenna.
- TX data processor 214 formats, codes, and interleaves the traffic data for each data stream based on a particular coding scheme selected for that data stream to provide coded data.
- TX data processor 214 applies eigen-beamforming weights to the symbols of the data streams using a pre-coding matrix.
- the coded data for each data stream may be multiplexed with pilot data using OFDM techniques.
- the pilot data is typically a known data pattern that is processed in a known manner and may be used at the receiver system to estimate the channel response.
- the multiplexed pilot and coded data for each data stream is then modulated (i.e., symbol mapped) based on a particular modulation scheme (e.g., BPSK, QSPK, M-PSK, or M-QAM) selected for that data stream to provide modulation symbols.
- a particular modulation scheme e.g., BPSK, QSPK, M-PSK, or M-QAM
- the data rate, coding, and modulation for each data stream may be determined by instructions performed by processor 230.
- TX MIMO processor 220 which may further process the modulation symbols (e.g., for OFDM).
- TX MTMO processor 220 then provides N T modulation symbol streams to N T transmitters (TMTR) 222a through 222t.
- TMTR T transmitters
- TX MIMO processor 220 applies eigen-bearnforming weights to the symbols of the data streams and to the antenna from which the symbol is being transmitted. These eigen-beamforming weights are determined using one of plurality of antenna by layer matrix, which may be retrieved from memory 232.
- Each transmitter 222 receives and processes a respective symbol stream to provide one or more analog signals, and further conditions (e.g., amplifies, filters, and upconverts) the analog signals to provide a modulated signal suitable for transmission over the MIMO channel.
- Nx modulated signals from transmitters 222a through 222t are then transmitted from Nr antennas 224a through 224t, respectively.
- the transmitted modulated signals are received by Ns antennas 252a through 252r and the received signal from each antenna 252 is provided to a respective receiver (RCVR) 254a through 254r.
- Each receiver 254 conditions (e.g., filters, amplifies, and downconverts) a respective received signal, digitizes the conditioned signal to provide samples, and further processes the samples to provide a corresponding "received" symbol stream.
- An RX data processor 260 then receives and processes the N R received symbol streams from N R receivers 254 based on a particular receiver processing technique to provide approximately N T "detected" symbol streams.
- the RX data processor 260 then demodulates, deinterleaves, and decodes each detected symbol stream to recover the traffic data for the data stream.
- the processing by RX data processor 260 is complementary to that performed by TX MIMO processor 220 and TX data processor 214 at transmitter system 210.
- a processor 270 periodically determines which prc-coding matrix to use (discussed below). Processor 270 formulates a reverse link message comprising a matrix index portion and a rank value portion. The reverse link message may comprise various types of information regarding the communication link and/or the received data stream. The reverse link message is then processed by a TX data processor 238, which also receives traffic data for a number of data streams from a data source 236, modulated by a modulator 280, conditioned by transmitters 254a through 254r, and transmitted back to transmitter system 210.
- the modulated signals from receiver system 250 are received by antennas 224, conditioned by receivers 222, demodulated by a demodulator 240, and processed by a RX data processor 242 to extract the reserve link message transmitted by the receiver system 250.
- Processor 230 determines which pre-coding matrix to use for determining the eigen-beamforming weights then processes the extracted message.
- Fig. 2 discusses a MIMO system
- the same system may be applied to a multi-input single-output system where multiple transmit antennas, e.g., those on a base station, transmit one symbol streams to a single antenna device, e.g., a mobile station.
- a single output to single input antenna system may be utilized in the same manner as described with respect to Fig. 2.
- a set of pre-coding matrices are used for eigen-beamforming.
- a 2 N Matrices are generated (N is number of bits used, for example 6), each matrix being M x L wherein M is the number of antenna and L is number of layers (also referred to as a rank).
- M x L entry presents eigen- beamforming weight used by the transmitter system (also referred to the access point).
- these matrices are calculated and stored in both, the access terminal and access point memory. In as aspect, these matrices may be updated in real-time over period of time. Also, each matrix is given an index number.
- the AT 116 When the AT 116 wants to request a use of matrix, the AT 116 simply transmits the matrix index. Depending on the deployed system, 6 bits may be used to index the matrix, thus indexing 64 matrices. It should be noted that number of bits used for indexing varies based on the system operator desire to use more or less than 64 matrices.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a process 300, executed by the AT's processor 270.
- a rank determining logic is executed by the processor for determining the rank value to provide to the AP. This rank value is determined based on several factors, for example channel estimation measurements, amount of interference or the geometry of AT 116 (i.e. the number of antennas, arrangements of the antennas, etc.).
- a matrix determining logic is executed by the processor 270 for determining a pre-coding matrix. This matrix is determined base on, for example, the highest supportable spectral efficiency. Both the rank value and precoding matrix may also be determined in conjunction with each other.
- processor cycles through all the possible ranks and computes the possible spectral efficiency based a particular matrix associated with each rank. Then processor selects the rank and matrix that provide the highest spectral efficiency.
- the processor 270 executes a message building logic for generating a message that having a matrix index portion (e.g., 6 bits) and a rank portion (e.g., 2 bits for 4x4 MIMO).
- the matrix index portion is used to provide the matrix index associated with the selected matrix.
- the rank portion is used to provide rank value preferred to be used by the AT. Depending on the deployed system, if a lower rank value is used, then the indexes for matrices associated with lower rank value will be such that not all the 6 bits of the matrix index portion are used.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a process 400, executed by processor 230 of the AP.
- the processor 230 executes a pre-coding message processing logic for processing a message received on the reverse link comprising a matrix index portion and a rank portion. This message is received periodically, thus the pre-coding message processing logic is executed periodically.
- the processor 230 determines if a proper matrix index and rank value were received on the reverse link. Depending on the condition of environment, the message containing matrix index and rank value may have been erased or it did not properly reach the AP or it got corrupted. Various methods may be used to authenticate that the AP 100 has received a proper message on the reverse link. If determined at block 404 that the message was not authenticated or the matrix index portion was not authenticated, then at block 406 the AP 100 selects an appropriate pre-coding matrix.
- the AP 100 will either continue to use the current matrix or select a new matrix if processor 230 determines that the current matrix was no longer valid.
- the processor 230 may use some predetermined methods/thresholds stored in memory 232 to select a matrix or randomly select a matrix from the memory 232.
- the processor 230 executes extraction logic to extract the rank information and determines the rank value.
- the processor 230 executes the message extraction logic for extracting the pre-coding matrix index bits. In an embodiment, after extracting, demodulating all the bits that make up the matrix index portion to determine the matrix index.
- the processor 230 uses the rank value, determined at block 408, to determine the number of bits of matrix index portion to demodulate. For example, if the rank value is 1 and all matrices associated rank value 1 may range from 0 to 3 (e.g 00000 to 000011). Thus, only bits that are needed to interpret the high range value, here 3, are demodulated. In this example only the two least significant bits of the matrix index portion would need be demodulate. Other bits are ignored of used for various other purposes, such as providing data.
- the processor 230 executes matrix use logic for determining if the matrix associated with derived matrix index can be used.
- the AP 100 receives the pre-coding requests from several users.
- the AP 100 is provided with predetermined criteria for determining the use of a particular matrix. Tn aspect, the AP 100 may determine if a requested matrix can be used or not based on current condition of each user.
- the processor 230 executes alternate matrix selection logic for selecting another matrix for eigen- beamforming. Otherwise, at block 416, the processor 230 using the matrix associated with extracted matrix index for eigen-beamforming.
- the techniques described herein may be implemented by various means. For example, these techniques may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof.
- the processing units e.g., processor 230 and 270, TX and RX processors 214 and 260, and so on
- the processing units may be implemented within one or more electronic devices such as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.
- ASICs application specific integrated circuits
- DSPs digital signal processors
- DSPDs digital signal processing devices
- PLDs programmable logic devices
- FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
- processors controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.
- the techniques described herein may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein.
- the software codes may be stored in memory units (e.g., memory 232 and 272 in FIG. 2) and executed by processors (e.g., controllers 230).
- the memory unit may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor, in which case it can be communicatively coupled to the processor via various means as is known in the art.
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Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06846167.2A EP1949560B1 (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2006-10-26 | A method and apparatus for pre-coding frequency division duplexing system |
ES06846167T ES2791292T3 (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2006-10-26 | Procedure and apparatus for precoding a frequency division duplexing system |
CN2006800485580A CN101346903B (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2006-10-26 | A method and apparatus for pre-coding frequency division duplexing system |
BRPI0617901-0 BRPI0617901B1 (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2006-10-26 | method and equipment for precoding the frequency division duplexing system |
AU2006305739A AU2006305739A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2006-10-26 | A method and apparatus for pre-coding frequency division duplexing system |
CA2627381A CA2627381C (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2006-10-26 | A method and apparatus for pre-coding frequency division duplexing system |
NZ567739A NZ567739A (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2006-10-26 | A method and apparatus for pre-coding frequency division duplexing system |
JP2008538180A JP4763797B2 (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2006-10-26 | Method and apparatus for precoding frequency division duplex system |
NO20082360A NO20082360L (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2008-05-23 | Pre-coding for frequency shared multi-access system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/261,064 | 2005-10-27 | ||
US11/261,064 US9172453B2 (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2005-10-27 | Method and apparatus for pre-coding frequency division duplexing system |
Publications (2)
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WO2007051154A2 true WO2007051154A2 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
WO2007051154A3 WO2007051154A3 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
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PCT/US2006/060286 WO2007051154A2 (en) | 2005-10-27 | 2006-10-26 | A method and apparatus for pre-coding frequency division duplexing system |
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US (1) | US9172453B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1949560B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4763797B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100995789B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101346903B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2006305739A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0617901B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2627381C (en) |
ES (1) | ES2791292T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE049153T2 (en) |
MY (1) | MY150252A (en) |
NO (1) | NO20082360L (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ567739A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2390937C2 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI338481B (en) |
UA (1) | UA92509C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007051154A2 (en) |
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NO20082360L (en) | 2008-07-02 |
RU2008121216A (en) | 2009-12-10 |
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MY150252A (en) | 2013-12-31 |
CN101346903A (en) | 2009-01-14 |
WO2007051154A3 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
ES2791292T3 (en) | 2020-11-03 |
JP4763797B2 (en) | 2011-08-31 |
RU2390937C2 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
US20070097889A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
CA2627381A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
AU2006305739A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
CA2627381C (en) | 2012-05-01 |
TWI338481B (en) | 2011-03-01 |
BRPI0617901A2 (en) | 2011-08-09 |
JP2009514446A (en) | 2009-04-02 |
NZ567739A (en) | 2010-10-29 |
EP1949560B1 (en) | 2020-03-11 |
US9172453B2 (en) | 2015-10-27 |
UA92509C2 (en) | 2010-11-10 |
KR100995789B1 (en) | 2010-11-22 |
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