KR0150275B1 - Congestion control method for multicast communication - Google Patents
Congestion control method for multicast communicationInfo
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- KR0150275B1 KR0150275B1 KR1019950054520A KR19950054520A KR0150275B1 KR 0150275 B1 KR0150275 B1 KR 0150275B1 KR 1019950054520 A KR1019950054520 A KR 1019950054520A KR 19950054520 A KR19950054520 A KR 19950054520A KR 0150275 B1 KR0150275 B1 KR 0150275B1
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- node
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/11—Identifying congestion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
- H04L43/0876—Network utilisation, e.g. volume of load or congestion level
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/12—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion
- H04L47/129—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion at the destination endpoint, e.g. reservation of terminal resources or buffer space
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/50—Queue scheduling
Abstract
본 발명은 서로 다른 처리능력을 갖는 컴퓨터 시스템들로 구성된 통신망 환경에서 데이타 패킷을 전송할 때 데이타 패킷의 발생 근원지인 송신 컴퓨터 시스템에서 한 번의 데이타 패킷 전송으로 동시에 다수의 목적지 수신 컴퓨터 시스템으로 데이타 패킷을 멀티 캐스팅 전송할 때 발생하는 통신망 경로의 폭주 현상을 방지하기 위한 방법에 관한 것으로, 데이타 근원지로 부터 목적지까지로의 데이타 전송 경로에 있어서 중간에 위치한 컴퓨터 시스템과 목적지 시스템에서 현재 통신망의 폭주 가능 상태를 모니터링함으로써 폭주 가능 상태에 도달할 때 폭주 가능 상태에 대한 정보를 피드백하여 데이타 송신 컴퓨터 시스템에 통보함으로써 데이타 송신 검퓨터가 데이타 전송 속도를 조절하여 전송하도록 하여 통신망의 데이타 폭주 현상을 미연에 방지하고자 하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In the present invention, when a data packet is transmitted in a network environment composed of computer systems having different processing capabilities, the data packet is multiplied to a plurality of destination receiving computer systems simultaneously with one data packet transmission from a transmitting computer system that is the source of the data packet. The present invention relates to a method for preventing congestion of network paths occurring during casting transmission. When the runaway status is reached, information on the runaway status is fed back to notify the data transmission computer system so that the data transmission computer adjusts the data transmission speed and transmits the data, thereby preventing data congestion on the network. It is characterized by.
Description
제1도는 본 발명이 적용되는 통신망 구조도.1 is a structural diagram of a communication network to which the present invention is applied.
제2도는 본 발명에 따른 송신노드의 처리도 및 슬롯 구조도.2 is a processing diagram and a slot structure diagram of a transmitting node according to the present invention.
제3도는 본 발명에 따른 수신노드의 처리도.3 is a process diagram of a receiving node according to the present invention.
제4도는 본 발명에 따른 중간노드의 처리도.4 is a process diagram of an intermediate node according to the present invention.
* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings
1 : 송신노드 2 : 수신노드1: sending node 2: receiving node
3 : 중간노드3: middle node
본 발명은 멀티캐스트 통신의 폭주 제어방법에 관한 것으로 특히, 서로 다른 처리능력을 갖는 컴퓨터 시스템들로 구성된 통신망 환경에서 데이타 패킷을 전송할 때 데이타 패킷의 발생 근원지인 송신 컴퓨터 시스템에서 한 번의 데이타 패킷 전송으로 동시에 다수의 목적지 수신 컴퓨터 시스템으로 데이타 패킷을 멀티 캐스팅 전송할 때 발생하는 통신망 경로의 폭주 현상을 방지하기 위한 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a congestion control method for multicast communication. In particular, the present invention relates to a single data packet transmission in a transmission computer system that is a source of data packets when a data packet is transmitted in a network environment composed of computer systems having different processing capabilities. The present invention relates to a method for preventing congestion in a network path that occurs when multicasting data packets to multiple destination receiving computer systems at the same time.
멀티캐스트 데이타 전송이란 한 송신 노드가 동일한 데이타 패킷을 다수의 수신 노드에 전송할 때 수신자 수 만큼 동일한 데이타 패킷을 복제하여 각각의 수신 노드에게 1대 1로 일일이 전송하는 것 대신 한번의 데이타 패킷 전송으로 모든 수신 노드에게 데이타 패킷이 전달되도록 하는 기법이다.Multicast data transmission means that when one transmitting node transmits the same data packet to multiple receiving nodes, it transmits all data by transmitting one data packet instead of duplicating the same data packet as the number of recipients and transmitting each packet one by one. It is a technique for delivering data packets to a receiving node.
제1도와 관련하여, 통신망은 데이타 패킷을 생성하여 전송하는 송신 노드와, 송신 노드와 수신 노드들의 중간 경로에 위치하여 중간에서 중개 역할을 하는 중간 노드, 그리고 최종적으로 중간 노드로 부터의 데이타 패킷을 수신하는 수신 노드들로 구성된다.In connection with FIG. 1, the communication network is configured to transmit and receive data packets, intermediate nodes positioned in intermediate paths between the transmitting and receiving nodes to serve as intermediate agents, and finally data packets from intermediate nodes. It consists of receiving nodes.
폭주 제어 방법은 통신망에 연결된 각 컴퓨터 노드간에 데이타 패킷 전달시 발생할 수 있는 통신망의 과부하 효과를 방지하거나 줄이기 위한 방안으로, 이에 대한 다양한 기법들이 개발되어져 왔다.The congestion control method is a method for preventing or reducing the overload effect of the communication network that may occur when data packet transfer between each computer node connected to the communication network, various techniques have been developed.
첫 번째로, 필요한 자원의 사전 할당 방식이 있다.First, there is a pre-allocation method of necessary resources.
데이타 패킷이 송신 노드로 부터 수신 노드로 전달될 때 까지 통과하는 라우팅 경로 전반에 걸쳐서 데이타 패킷을 전달하는데 필요한 자원을 미리 할당하여 폭주 현상의 발생을 미연에 방지하는 기술이다. 이는 음성이나 비디오 같은 연속성을 갖는 데이타 패킷 트래픽에 대해서는 효과적이나, 가변 속도를 갖는 데이타 패킷 트래픽에 대해서는 데이타의 손실 없이 전달되도록 하기 위한 적절한 규모의 자원을 미리 할당하기 어려운 단점을 갖는다.It is a technology that prevents the occurrence of congestion by pre-allocating the resources required to deliver the data packet through the routing path passing through the data packet from the transmitting node to the receiving node. This is effective for data packet traffic having continuity such as voice or video, but has a disadvantage in that it is difficult to pre-allocate an appropriate size resource for data packet traffic having a variable rate without loss of data.
둘째로, 과부하를 일으키는 패킷을 폐기하는 방식이다.Secondly, the packet that causes the overload is discarded.
송신 노드와 수신 노드 사이의 중간에 위치한 라우팅 노드에서 과부하를 일으킨 데이타 패킷을 폐기하는 방식으로, 이 폐기된 데이타 패킷은 상부 계층에 의해 복구되어진다.This discarded data packet is recovered by the upper layer in such a way as to discard the overloaded data packet at the routing node located between the transmitting node and the receiving node.
이것은 구현하기는 쉽지만 통신망의 폭주 현상을 막을 수는 없으며, 단지 중간 라우팅 노드의 버퍼 과다 사용만을 막을 뿐이다.This is easy to implement but does not prevent network congestion. It merely prevents buffer overloading of intermediate routing nodes.
셋째로 통신망에 패킷의 총수를 제한하는 방식이다.Thirdly, the total number of packets in the communication network is limited.
통신망에 동시에 있을 수 있는 패킷의 총수를 제한하는 방식으로 구현하기가 쉽지 않으며, 또한 특정 노드에서의 폭주 현상을 막을 수는 없다.It is not easy to implement in a way that limits the total number of packets that can be in the network at the same time, and can not prevent congestion at a particular node.
넷째로, 점진적으로 전송 속도를 증가시키는 방법이다.Fourthly, it is a method of gradually increasing the transmission speed.
최초 데이타 패킷 전송시에는 천천히 전송하다가 전송후 응답 패킷을 수신할 때마다 서서히 전송량을 증가시키는 방법으로 TCP/IP 프로토콜에서 적용된 기법이다.It is a technique applied in the TCP / IP protocol to slowly transmit the first data packet and gradually increase the amount of transmission each time a response packet is received after transmission.
위에서 열거한 방법들은 주로 하나의 송신 노드와 수신 노드간에 통신망을 통해 데이타 패킷을 송수신할 때의 폭주 현상을 제어하기 위해 개발된 것이다.The above-listed methods are mainly developed to control congestion when data packets are transmitted and received through a communication network between a transmitting node and a receiving node.
따라서 본 발명은 서로 다른 처리 능력을 갖는 컴퓨터 시스템들로 구성된 통신망 환경에서 데이타 패킷을 전송할 때, 데이타 패킷의 발생 근원지인 송신 컴퓨터 시스템에서 한번의 데이타 패킷 전송으로 동시에 다수의 목적지 수신 컴퓨터 시스템으로 데이타 패킷을 멀티 캐스팅 전송할 때 발생하는 통신망 경로상의 폭주 현상을 방지하기 위한 방법을 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.Therefore, when the data packet is transmitted in a communication network environment composed of computer systems having different processing capabilities, the data packet is simultaneously transmitted to a plurality of destination receiving computer systems by one data packet transmission from a transmitting computer system that is the source of the data packet. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for preventing congestion on a network path that occurs when multicasting transmission.
상기한 바와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명은, 데이타 근원지로 부터 목적지까지로의 데이타 전송 경로에 있어서 중간에 위치한 컴퓨터 시스템과 목적지 시스템에서 현재 통신망의 폭주 가능 상태를 모니터링함으로써 폭주 가능 상태에 도달할 때 폭주 가능 상태에 대한 정보를 피드백하여 데이타 송신 컴퓨터 시스템에 통보함으로써 데이타 송신 컴퓨터가 데이타 전송 속도를 조절하여 전송하도록 하여 통신망의 데이타 폭주 현상을 미연에 방지하고자 하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention can reach a runaway state by monitoring a runaway state of a current communication network in a computer system and a destination system located in the middle of a data transmission path from a data source to a destination. By feeding back the information about the congestion possible status to the data transmission computer system by the data transmission computer to adjust the data transmission speed to transmit the data, characterized in that to prevent the data congestion in advance.
이하, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명을 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail the present invention.
제2도는 본 발명에 따른 송신 노드의 처리도이다.2 is a process diagram of a transmitting node according to the present invention.
송신 노드와 수신 노드들은 자신을 유일하게 식별하는 고유 주소와 송신, 수신 노드 전체를 그룹으로 식별하는 멀티캐스트 주소를 갖는다. 데이타 패킷을 멀티캐스트 전송하는 송신 노드는 데이타 패킷 전송시마다 자신이 전송한 데이타 패킷을 모든 수신 노드가 올바르게 수신하였는지를 확인하기 위해서 수신 노드의 상태를 관리하는 슬롯을 생성하고 유지 관리한다.Sending and receiving nodes have a unique address that uniquely identifies them and a multicast address that identifies all of the sending and receiving nodes in groups. The transmitting node that multicasts the data packet creates and maintains a slot for managing the state of the receiving node in order to confirm that all receiving nodes correctly receive the data packet transmitted by each transmitting data packet.
슬롯은 고유의 슬롯 식별자 번호를 가지며, 모든 수신 노드들에 대한 폭주 상태 정보를 저장할 필드들로 구성된다.The slot has a unique slot identifier number and consists of fields for storing congestion status information for all receiving nodes.
데이타 패킷은 송신 노드가 수신 노드로 사용자 데이타를 전달하기 위해 수신 노드들의 그룹 주소를 가리키는 멀티캐스트 주소, 폭주 표시 프래그, 그리고 슬롯 번호 및 보내고자 하는 데이타 내용들로 구성된 패킷이다.A data packet is a packet composed of a multicast address indicating a group address of receiving nodes, a congestion indication flag, a slot number, and data contents to be sent by a transmitting node to deliver user data to a receiving node.
응답 패킷은 수신 노드가 자신이 수신한 데이타 패킷에 대해 잘 받았는지의 유무와, 전달 경로상에 폭주 현상이 있는지를 송신 노드로 알리기 위해 수신 노드로 부터 송신 노드로 전달되는 패킷이다.The response packet is a packet transmitted from the receiving node to the transmitting node in order to inform the transmitting node whether or not the receiving node has received the received data packet well and whether there is a congestion on the transmission path.
이하 송신 노드의 처리과정에 대해 상술한다.Hereinafter, the processing of the transmitting node will be described in detail.
우선, 송신 노드는 전송할 데이타 패킷을 생성하여 멀티캐스트 주소를 수신 노드의 주소로 지정하고, 폭주 표시 프래그를 off로, 현재 데이타 패킷에 대응되는 슬롯을 식별할 수 있는 sync 값을 포함한 데이타 패킷을 전송한다(제 1 과정).First, the sending node generates a data packet to send, assigns the multicast address as the address of the receiving node, turns off the congestion indication flag, and sends a data packet including a sync value to identify a slot corresponding to the current data packet. Transmit (step 1).
다음에는 전송한 데이타 패킷을 수신하는 수신 노드들의 상태를 저장할 슬롯을 생성하여 슬롯의 각 필드들을 널(NULL)로 설정하고, 슬롯을 유일하게 식별할 수 있는 슬롯 식별자 sync 값을 할당한다(제 2 과정).Next, a slot is created to store the state of receiving nodes receiving the transmitted data packet, each field of the slot is set to null, and a slot identifier sync value for uniquely identifying the slot is assigned (second process).
이후에 송신 노드는 모든 멀티캐스트 수신 노드들이 통신망 경로상에 폭주가 발생했음을 가리키는 정보를 수신할 때 까지 일정한 시간 간격으로 전송 속도를 선형으로 증가시켜 상기 제 1 및 제2과정을 반복하여 패킷 데이타 전송을 계속한다(제 3 과정).Subsequently, the transmitting node repeats the first and second processes by linearly increasing the transmission rate at regular time intervals until all the multicast receiving nodes receive information indicating that congestion has occurred on the network path. Continue to Step 3.
송신 노드가 전송한 데이타 패킷에 대해 수신 노드가 응답한 응답 패킷을 수신하면 응답 패킷을 해독하여 응답 패킷에 있는 슬롯 식별자인 sync 값에 대응되는 슬롯에 응답 패킷을 전송한 수신 노드의 상태를 표시하는데, 이 때 폭주가 있음을 알리는 것이면 1로, 그렇지 않으면 0으로 저정한다(제 4 과정).When the receiving node receives the response packet responded to the data packet transmitted by the transmitting node, it decodes the response packet and displays the status of the receiving node transmitting the response packet to the slot corresponding to the sync value, the slot identifier in the response packet. In this case, it is set to 1 if there is a congestion and 0 otherwise (step 4).
송신 노드가 전송율을 조정하는데 대한 결정은 슬롯에 저장된 상태 정보를 기반으로 한다. 가장 최근에 응답 받은 값을 토대로 이루어진다.The decision of the transmitting node to adjust the rate is based on the state information stored in the slot. It is based on the most recently received value.
즉,제2도의 슬롯 구조에서 필드값이 (s1, d1)=0, (s2, d1)=1, (s3, d1)=NULThat is, in the slot structure of FIG. 2, the field value is (s1, d1) = 0, (s2, d1) = 1, (s3, d1) = NUL.
L이면 이것은 통신 경로 L1이 폭주를 경험하고 있음을 나타내며, 필드값이 (s1, d2)=0, (s2, d2)=1, (s3, d2)=0이면 이것은 통신 경로 L2가 폭주를 경험하고 있지 않음을 나타낸다(제 5 과정).If L, this indicates that communication path L1 is experiencing congestion. If the field value is (s1, d2) = 0, (s2, d2) = 1, (s3, d2) = 0, this means that communication path L2 is experiencing congestion. (The fifth step).
모든 멀티캐스트 수신 노드가 폭주를 경험하고 있음을 발견하지 못하면 송신 노드는 전송율을 선형으로 증가시키고, 그렇지 않으면 전송율을 지수적으로 감소시킨다(제 6 과정).If it is not found that all multicast receiving nodes are experiencing congestion, the transmitting node increases the rate linearly, otherwise it exponentially decreases the rate (sixth step).
슬롯에 대응되는 모든 응답 패킷들을 수신하면 현재까지 생성된 슬롯들 중 가장 오래전에 생성된 슬롯을 삭제시켜 슬롯 관리를 한다(제 7 과정).Upon receiving all response packets corresponding to the slot, slot management is performed by deleting the oldest slot among the slots created so far (seventh step).
제3도는 본 발명에 따른 수신 노드의 처리도이다.3 is a process diagram of a receiving node according to the present invention.
수신 노드는 자신이 수신한 데이타 패킷에 대해 이를 올바르게 수신하였음과 현재 자신에게 도달된 데이타 패킷이 자신에게 도달되기까지 통과한 통신망 경로에 대한 부하 상태를 알리기 위한 상태 정보를 송신 노드에게 응답한다.The receiving node responds to the transmitting node with status information to inform the receiving node that it has received it correctly for the data packet it has received and that the network path has passed through the data packet that has now reached it.
이하, 수신 노드의 처리과정을 상술한다.Hereinafter, the processing of the receiving node will be described in detail.
우선, 모든 수신 노드는 멀티캐스트 데이타 패킷을 수신할 때 자신에게 도달하기 까지 통과된 통신망 통로상에 폭주 현상이 있는지를 확인하기 위해 데이타 패킷에 있는 폭주 표시 프래그를 체크한다(제 1 과정).First, when all receiving nodes receive a multicast data packet, they check the congestion indication flag in the data packet to see if there is a congestion phenomenon on the network path passed until it reaches it (step 1).
폭주 표시 프래그가 온(on)이면 통신망 경로상에 폭주상태가 있음을 인식하고 이에 대한 응답 패킷을 송신 노드로 전달하여 송신 노드로 하여금 데이타 패킷의 전송율을 줄이도록 요구한다(제 2 과정).When the congestion indication flag is on, it recognizes that there is a congestion state on the communication network path, and transmits a response packet to the transmitting node to request the transmitting node to reduce the transmission rate of the data packet (second step).
폭주 표시 프래그가 오프(off)이면 통신망 경로상의 모든 중간 노드가 송신 노드의 전송율을 수용하는데 충분한 버퍼와 처리 능력을 갖고 있음을 의미하며 이에 대한 응답 패킷을 단순히 송신 노드로 전달하여 송신 노드가 데이타 패킷의 전송율을 높이도록 요구한다(제 3 과정).If the congestion indication flag is off, it means that all intermediate nodes on the network path have enough buffer and processing capacity to accommodate the transmission node's transmission rate. It is required to increase the transmission rate of the packet (third step).
제4도는 본 발명에 따른 중간 노드의 처리도이다.4 is a process diagram of an intermediate node according to the present invention.
중간 노드는 데이타 패킷을 송신 노드로 부터 수신할 때 마다 자신의 버퍼큐에 대한 임계값의 크기와 비교하여 폭주 예상 상태를 판단함으로써 이에 대한 정보를 수신 노드에 전달하여 수신 노드가 응답 패킷을 송신 노드로 전달할 때 폭주 상태 정보를 송신 노드가 알도록 하여 송신 노드가 데이타 패킷의 전송율을 조절할 수 있도록 한다.Whenever an intermediate node receives a data packet from the transmitting node, it compares it with the size of the threshold value for its buffer queue and determines the congestion expected state. When transmitting to the network, the congestion status information is made known to the transmitting node so that the transmitting node can adjust the transmission rate of the data packet.
이하, 중간 노드의 처리 과정에 대해 상술한다.Hereinafter, the processing of the intermediate node will be described in detail.
우선 송신 노드가 전송한 멀티캐스트 데이타 패킷이 중간 노드에 도착하면 중간 노드는 자신의 큐상태를 체크한다(제 1 과정).First, when the multicast data packet transmitted by the transmitting node arrives at the intermediate node, the intermediate node checks its queue state (step 1).
만일 큐의 크기가 임계값 Qo보다 크다면 폭주 표시 프래그를 on으로 하여 폭주 상태로 들어가고, 그렇지 않으면 폭주 표시 프래그를 변경하지 않는다(제 2 과정).If the size of the queue is larger than the threshold Qo, the congestion display flag is turned on to enter the congestion state, otherwise the congestion display flag is not changed (step 2).
중간 노드의 큐의 크기는 임계값 Qo에 도달할 때까지 꾸준히 증가하며, 최대 큐의 크기 Qmax 값에 도달할 때 감소하기 시작한다(제 3 과정).The queue size of the intermediate node is steadily increased until the threshold Qo is reached, and begins to decrease when the maximum queue size Qmax is reached (third step).
큐의 크기에 따라 변경된 폭주 표시 프래그를 포함한 데이타 패킷을 수신 노드로 전송한다(제 4 과정).The data packet including the congestion indication flag changed according to the size of the queue is transmitted to the receiving node (step 4).
본 발명에서 고안한 폭주 제어 방식은 멀티캐스트 전송시 폭주 현상이 발생하지 않도록 폭주에 근접한 상태에 도달할 때 이에 대한 정보를 송신 노드에 알림으로써 송신 노드가 데이타 전송율을 조정하는 전송함으로써 데이타의 원활한 전송방법이다.The congestion control scheme devised in the present invention smoothly transmits the data by transmitting the data of the transmitting node adjusting the data rate by notifying the transmitting node of the information about the congestion so that the congestion does not occur during multicast transmission. Way.
또한 중간 노드의 버퍼 상태에 따라 송신 노드가 전송율을 조절함으로써 중간 노드의 버퍼 오버 플로우를 방지한다.In addition, the transmission node adjusts the transmission rate according to the buffer status of the intermediate node, thereby preventing the buffer overflow of the intermediate node.
이 방식은 연결 설정이 필요없는 통신망에서 대량 데이타를 전달하는데 적합하다.This method is suitable for transferring large amounts of data in a communication network that does not require connection establishment.
상기한 본 발명은 원거리에 떨어진 컴퓨터간의 멀티캐스트 통신 수행시 안정된 상태로 데이타를 전송할 수 있는 효과가 있다.The present invention described above has the effect of transmitting data in a stable state when performing multicast communication between computers remotely located.
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