WO2005075382A1 - メタライズドセラミックス成形体、その製法およびペルチェ素子 - Google Patents
メタライズドセラミックス成形体、その製法およびペルチェ素子 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005075382A1 WO2005075382A1 PCT/JP2005/001786 JP2005001786W WO2005075382A1 WO 2005075382 A1 WO2005075382 A1 WO 2005075382A1 JP 2005001786 W JP2005001786 W JP 2005001786W WO 2005075382 A1 WO2005075382 A1 WO 2005075382A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- thermoelectric material
- oxide
- oxidizing
- temperature
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 184
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 256
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 233
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229910052575 non-oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000011225 non-oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 153
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 metalloid nitride Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 206
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 88
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 46
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 28
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910015363 Au—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017945 Cu—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000587161 Gomphocarpus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910020220 Pb—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241001125048 Sardina Species 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019512 sardine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017980 Ag—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017938 Cu—Sn—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001424413 Lucia Species 0.000 description 1
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018104 Ni-P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018536 Ni—P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005679 Peltier effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020830 Sn-Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018728 Sn—Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018956 Sn—In Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910026551 ZrC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zr] Chemical compound [C].[Zr] OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHYBPSFKEHXSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminotitanium Chemical compound [Ti]=N KHYBPSFKEHXSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005676 thermoelectric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/88—Metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
- C04B41/90—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/01—Manufacture or treatment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00844—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for electronic applications
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metallized ceramic molded article in which a metallized layer is formed on the surface of a non-oxidized ceramic article such as aluminum nitride and silicon nitride, and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention relates to a Peltier device that performs cooling and heating using the thermoelectric effect of a thermoelectric material.
- Non-oxidizing ceramics such as aluminum nitride and silicon nitride have excellent characteristics such as high thermal conductivity or high thermal shock resistance. It is widely used as a material for various electronic circuit boards, such as a substrate to which a metal that becomes a heating resistor is bonded), a submount for mounting a semiconductor element, and a substrate for a power module.
- One application of such non-oxidizing ceramics is a Peltier device.
- the Peltier element has a structure in which P-type and N-type thermoelectric materials are alternately connected in series via metal electrodes, and when electricity is supplied, the P-type and N-type thermoelectric materials are joined together. In some parts, it is an element that generates the Peltier effect and the cooling Z heat generation effect.
- a thermoelectric material member composed of a thermoelectric material arrangement and metal electrodes is fixed between two opposing ceramic substrates.
- thermoelectric material member As a ceramic substrate, a non-oxidized ceramic substrate such as an aluminum nitride substrate is often used because of its high thermal conductivity.
- the fixing of the thermoelectric material member to the non-oxidizing ceramic substrate is generally performed by soldering an electrode to the substrate, and for this purpose and for supplying an operating current to the thermoelectric material.
- a conductor pattern is formed on the surface of the ceramic substrate. In general, a relatively large current flows through the Peltier device, so the above conductor pattern is a metal force with low electrical resistance, such as Cu. It must be composed of a target thick film.
- Patent Document 1 a method of forming a conductor pattern by combining electroless copper plating and electrolytic copper plating on a roughened ceramic substrate
- Patent Document 2 A method of patterning a copper film bonded by Direct Bonding Copper (Photo Lithography) method (see Patent Document 2), a method of forming a metal thin film layer having a copper upper surface by a sputtering method or the like, and then a plating method thereon.
- Patent Document 3 A method of forming a copper layer (see Patent Document 3) and the like are known.
- a metal layer is formed on the surface to form an electrode or a circuit pattern.
- oxidized ceramics such as alumina
- the adhesion of non-oxidized ceramics to metals is generally low.
- a metal layer is formed on the surface of a nitrided ceramic molded body, it depends on the metallization method. A device has been devised to improve the adhesion between the two.
- a metal thin film is formed by a sputtering method or a vapor deposition method (a so-called thin film forming method)
- a metal layer having high adhesion such as Ti is formed on the surface of a nitride ceramic molded body.
- a layer made of a highly conductive metal such as platinum or gold is generally formed thereon (see Patent Document 4).
- a copper plate or copper foil is directly bonded to the surface of the nitride ceramic, a method of oxidizing the surface of the nitride ceramic molded body to form an oxide layer and then baking the copper plate or copper foil (DBC method) (See Patent Document 5).
- DBC method a method of oxidizing the surface of the nitride ceramic molded body to form an oxide layer and then baking the copper plate or copper foil (DBC method)
- DBC method See Patent Document 5
- the surface of an aluminum nitride compact is oxidized to form an oxide (alumina) layer, and then a copper plate or copper
- the method uses the above-described DBC method and causes a crack after forming the thin film. The method has been adopted.
- Fig. 1 shows the change with time of the reaction rate when the aluminum nitride powder was heated in an oxygen atmosphere at a heating rate of 75 ° CZ.
- the horizontal axis represents time (seconds).
- the horizontal axis represents time (seconds), and the vertical axis represents differential thermal analysis.
- DTA ⁇ E / mV
- K the temperature corresponding to the heating pattern.
- the graph in Figure 1 can be divided into three stages, I-III.
- the stage I corresponds to a period in which the aluminum nitride is heated from room temperature to 1100 ° C. (1373 K). In this stage, only oxygen is dissolved in the aluminum nitride, and almost no oxidation occurs.
- stage II After the temperature reaches approximately 1100 ° C, The dissolved oxygen reacts at once to change to Al 2 O 3 ( ⁇ -alumina), which causes a sharp increase in weight and generates a large amount of heat.
- stage III after the rapid reaction has stopped, the reaction proceeds slowly with oxygen diffusion control. Due to such an oxidation mechanism, in order to form a dense oxide film on aluminum nitride, the temperature of aluminum nitride is raised to iioo ° c without dissolving oxygen in nitrogen, and the atmosphere is changed to oxygen in that state.
- Non-Patent Document 1 It has been found that it is effective to use a method of switching and oxidizing (hereinafter, also referred to as a new oxidation method), and thereby it is possible to form an oxygen-exposed film without substantially changing the surface state of the aluminum nitride powder ( Non-Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-3-263882
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 63-20465
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-017837
- Patent Document 4 Patent No. 2563809
- Patent Document 5 JP-A-4-214080
- Patent Document 6 JP-A-7-223883
- Patent Document 7 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-272985
- Non-Patent Document 1 Hiroyuki Fukuyama et al., 2002 Resources & Materials Society, Proceedings of Lectures, p.351-352 (published September 23, 2002)
- Non-Patent Document 1 the evaluation of the oxidized aluminum nitride powder is performed only by observing the surface state by microscopic observation, and the water resistance, chemical resistance, and adhesion to metal are evaluated. We are!
- the present invention provides a metallized non-oxide ceramic molded body (particularly a substrate) having a high adhesion strength between a metal layer and a substrate and a high adhesion durability thereof, and furthermore, a plating treatment which is excellent in water resistance and chemical resistance.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a metallized non-oxidized ceramic ceramic body (particularly a substrate) in which the bonding strength of the metal layer does not decrease. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a Peltier element using such a metallized non-oxide ceramics molded article, and to provide a Peltier element having excellent durability.
- the members of the present inventors have proposed that the new oxidation method, that is, the oxidation reaction of aluminum nitride, rapidly starts on an aluminum nitride sintered body substrate instead of a powder.
- the aluminum nitride molded body is heated in an atmosphere containing no oxidizing gas until the temperature reaches the reaction start temperature, and the aluminum nitride molded body and the oxide nitride are not heated until the reaction start temperature is reached.
- the obtained "aluminum nitride substrate having an oxide layer on the surface” was evaluated.
- the obtained “aluminum nitride molded body having an oxide film on the surface” has the following characteristics as the oxide film. In addition to the macro structural feature that no typical cracks are seen, the micro structural feature that no voids are seen in the region near the interface between the aluminum nitride compact and the oxide film. Finding that that.
- the surface-oxidized A1N substrate manufactured under the conditions described in (3) above has particularly high adhesion between the aluminum nitride substrate and the oxidation film layer, and has water resistance and chemical resistance. And the fact that their durability against heat cycling, especially durability against heat cycles, is extremely high if they have high adhesion to metals.
- the present invention has been made based on these findings.
- the gist of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems has the following matter [1]-[11].
- the heating step comprises:
- the non-oxidized ceramic article While maintaining the atmosphere in the furnace at an atmosphere in which the total number of moles of the oxidizing gas contained in lm 3 is 0.5 mmol or less, the non-oxidized ceramic article is mixed with the non-oxidized ceramic article.
- the method according to [1] wherein the partial pressure is 50 kPa or less.
- An oxide layer having the same element as the metal or metalloid is formed on the surface of the non-oxide ceramic formed article mainly composed of a metal or metalloid nitride or carbide.
- a metallized ceramic molded body characterized in that there is substantially no branched crack having a crack unit having a w force of not less than ⁇ Onm, 1 is not less than 500 nm, and wZl is not less than 0.02. [6] On the surface of the non-oxide ceramic molded body mainly composed of a metal or metalloid nitride or carbide, the same element as that of the metal or metalloid has a thickness of 0.1 to 100 m.
- At least the interfacial force of the oxide layer with the non-oxidized ceramic layer A metallized ceramic molded body characterized in that there is substantially no void in a region having a thickness of 20 nm.
- thermoelectric material portion comprising: a thermoelectric material portion; an electrode disposed between the thermoelectric material portion and one ceramic substrate; and an electrode disposed between the thermoelectric material portion and the other ceramic substrate.
- the electrodes are arranged so as to alternately electrically connect the P-type thermoelectric material and the N-type thermoelectric material constituting the thermoelectric material part, and are each electrically connected to the conductor pattern of the adjacent ceramic substrate.
- the ceramic substrate may include an acid of the same element as the metal or metalloid on a surface of a non-oxidized ceramic substrate mainly containing a metal or metalloid nitride or carbide.
- a Peltier device characterized in that the ceramic substrate has a crack unit having a crack unit having a thickness of 20 nm or more, 1 of 500 nm or more, and wZl of 0.02 or more.
- a pair of ceramic substrates each having a conductor pattern on the surface and arranged so as to face each other, and a P-type thermoelectric material and an N-type thermoelectric material alternately arranged between the pair of ceramic substrates.
- the ceramic substrate is formed of a non-oxidized ceramic having a metal or semi-metal nitride or carbide as a main component and having a thickness of 0.1 formed of an oxide of the same element as the metal or semi-metal.
- a ceramic substrate having an oxide layer of 100 / zm formed thereon, wherein the oxide layer has an interfacial force of at least 20 nm between the non-oxide ceramic layer and the oxide layer.
- a Peltier device characterized by being a ceramic substrate having substantially no voids in the region.
- thermoelectric material portion an electrode interposed between the thermoelectric material portion and one ceramic substrate, and an electrode interposed between the thermoelectric material portion and the other ceramic substrate.
- Peltier elements that are arranged so as to electrically connect the P-type thermoelectric material and the N-type thermoelectric material that constitute the thermoelectric material part alternately and that are each electrically connected to the conductor pattern of the adjacent ceramic substrate, Processes A, B and below
- Step A Consisting of P-type thermoelectric materials and N-type thermoelectric materials arranged alternately, each thermoelectric material is electrically connected to the thermoelectric material adjacent to one side of each other by electrodes on the upper surface and to the other side.
- each thermoelectric material is electrically connected to the thermoelectric material adjacent to one side of each other by electrodes on the upper surface and to the other side.
- Step B A pair of ceramic substrates each having a conductor pattern on the surface, wherein the conductor pattern of each ceramic substrate is formed so as to be electrically connected to the electrode of the thermoelectric material member when the thermoelectric material member is sandwiched therebetween.
- Step C disposing the thermoelectric material member between the pair of ceramic substrates and soldering the electrodes of the thermoelectric material member to the conductive patterns of each ceramic substrate;
- Step D Non-oxidizing ceramic substrate without substantially dissolving oxygen during heating A heating step of heating the non-oxidizing ceramic to a temperature at least 300 ° C. lower than the oxidizing starting temperature of the non-oxidizing ceramic.
- Step E The non-oxide ceramic substrate heated in the step D is brought into contact with an oxidizing gas, and is then kept at a temperature higher than the oxidation start temperature of the non-oxide ceramic substrate, and the surface of the non-oxide ceramic substrate is heated.
- the method of the Peltier device further comprising:
- thermoelectric material portion an electrode disposed between the thermoelectric material portion and one ceramic substrate, and an electrode disposed between the thermoelectric material portion and the other ceramic substrate.
- a Peltier device a P-type thermoelectric material and an N-type thermoelectric material constituting a thermoelectric material portion are arranged so as to be electrically connected alternately and are electrically connected to conductor patterns of an adjacent ceramic substrate, respectively.
- Step D The non-oxidizing ceramic substrate is heated to a temperature at least 300 ° C. lower than the oxidizing start temperature of the non-oxidizing ceramic without substantially dissolving oxygen during the temperature rise. Heating process,
- Step E The non-oxide ceramic substrate heated in the step D is brought into contact with an oxidizing gas, and is then kept at a temperature higher than the oxidation start temperature of the non-oxide ceramic substrate, and the surface of the non-oxide ceramic substrate is heated.
- a Peltier device characterized by being a "non-oxidized ceramic substrate having an oxide layer on its surface" obtained by a method including an oxidation step of oxidizing the compound to form an oxide layer.
- the oxidized layer of the "non-oxidized ceramic article having an oxidized layer on the surface" which is the base of the metal layer has a very high quality
- the adhesion between the metal layer and the ceramic molded body is very high.
- the Peltier element of the present invention uses a non-oxidizing ceramic substrate having a high-quality oxide layer on its surface, and therefore uses a substrate mainly composed of non-oxidizing ceramic. Therefore, the adhesion between the metal layer forming the conductor pattern and the substrate is extremely good. In addition, by performing the oxidation treatment under specific conditions, the durability of these properties to thermal cycling can be improved. Furthermore, since the oxidizing layer also functions as a protective layer, the substrate is not damaged or deteriorated even when the plating method is applied. Further, the bonding strength of the metal layer does not decrease due to the plating. .
- a conductive circuit is formed by a printing method using a copper thick film paste.
- a pattern is formed, and a metal layer to be a solder layer with a solder layer is further formed thereon by a plating method. Then, a new metallization method can be applied.
- the above-mentioned new metallization method is simple in operation and low in cost, and employs a thick film method and a plating method. Therefore, according to the production method of the present invention using the metallization method, A Peltier device can be obtained simply and at low cost.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing a reaction rate and a DTA change pattern when an aluminum nitride substrate is heated in an oxygen gas atmosphere.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a specific crack.
- FIG. 3 is an SEM photograph of the surface of the silicon nitride layer of the aluminum nitride substrate having the silicon nitride layer on the surface obtained in the oxidation step of Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is an SEM photograph of the surface of the oxide layer of the aluminum nitride substrate having the oxide layer on the surface obtained in the oxidation step of Example 2.
- FIG. 7 is a TEM photograph of a cross section of the oxide layer of the aluminum nitride substrate having an oxide layer on the surface obtained in the oxidation step of Example 1.
- FIG. 8 This is a sketch of the TEM photograph of FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a TEM photograph of a cross section of an oxide layer of an aluminum nitride substrate having an oxide layer on the surface obtained in the oxidation step of Example 2.
- FIG. 10 This is a sketch of the TEM photograph of FIG.
- FIG. 11 is an SEM photograph of the surface of the silicon nitride layer of the aluminum nitride substrate having the silicon nitride layer on the surface obtained in the oxidation step of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 13 is a SEM photograph of the surface of the silicon nitride layer of the aluminum nitride substrate having the silicon nitride layer on the surface obtained in the oxidation step of Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 15 is a TEM photograph of a cross section of an oxide nitride layer of an aluminum nitride substrate having an oxide nitride layer on the surface obtained in the oxidation process of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 16 is a sketch of the TEM photograph of FIG.
- FIG. 17 is a TEM photograph of a cross section of an oxide nitride layer of an aluminum nitride substrate having an oxide nitride layer on the surface obtained in the oxidation process of Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 18 This is a sketch of the TEM photograph of FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a typical Peltier device of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a partially enlarged view of a cross section of a typical Peltier device of the present invention.
- thermoelectric material 320 type thermoelectric material
- a non-oxide ceramic molded body (hereinafter, also simply referred to as a ceramic molded body to be treated”) Is formed without substantially dissolving oxygen during heating. Is heated to a temperature 300 ° C lower than the temperature at which oxidation of the non-oxide ceramics (hereinafter simply referred to as “ceramics to be processed!”) Is started (heating step).
- the atmosphere during heating is an atmosphere containing a large amount of oxygen, such as air
- oxygen is dissolved in the non-oxidized ceramics during the heating process, and the temperature of the base material is reduced by the oxidation reaction.
- the oxygen dissolved in the solid solution reacts at a stroke, so that a sudden crack is generated due to a difference in lattice constant between the base and the oxidized layer.
- the length and maximum width of each crack unit Is defined as l (nm) and w (nm), respectively, the occurrence of a crack having a branch having a crack unit in which w is 20 nm or more, 1 is 500 nm or more, and wZl is 0.02 or more. Inevitable.
- the solid solution of oxygen that causes a problem during the temperature rise does not occur, and the oxidation reaction of the base material gradually progresses at the rate at which the oxygen starts to diffuse after reaching the reaction start temperature.
- the atmosphere in the heating step (atmosphere during heating) to an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen gas, it is possible to prevent solid solution of oxygen into the substrate during heating,
- an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen gas
- the generation of the above-mentioned specific cracks can be suppressed at the time of the dagger, and the “non-oxide ceramic molded body having an oxide layer on the surface” (hereinafter simply referred to as “surface acid”) has high water resistance, chemical resistance, and high adhesion to metals. Molded article).
- the total concentration of the oxidizing gas contained in the inert gas exceeds 0.5 mmol / m 3 (0.001112 vol. Since voids are formed near the interface with the non-oxidizing ceramic, the adhesive strength between the non-oxidizing ceramic and the oxide layer is further increased, and the durability of the above effect is increased. For this reason, the total concentration of the oxidizing gas (particularly oxygen and water vapor) contained in the atmosphere at the time of the heating is preferably 0.1 mmolZm 3 or less, particularly preferably 0.1 Olmmol / m 3 or less.
- the oxidizing gas means a gas having an ability to oxidize non-oxide ceramics, such as oxygen gas, water vapor, carbon dioxide gas, and carbon monoxide gas.
- the atmosphere at the time of heating means the actual atmosphere in the furnace, and the effect of the released gas also takes into account the power of the non-oxidizing ceramics that becomes the furnace wall and the object to be processed during heating and heating. Things. For example, high purity Even if the temperature is increased by heating by circulating an active gas, if degassing is not performed in advance, oxygen and water vapor are released from the furnace wall and the ceramic to be treated during heating and heating. The purity of the inert gas decreases, and the composition of the atmosphere gas during heating does not become the same as the composition of the introduced gas.
- the composition of the atmosphere gas at the time of heating can be confirmed by analyzing the gas flowing out of the furnace.
- the non-oxide ceramic (ceramic to be treated) used as the material of the molded body is a metal or metalloid nitride or carbide whose melting point or decomposition temperature is higher than the oxidation start temperature. It is not particularly limited as long as it is a known one, and known nitrides or carbides can be used. Specific examples of non-oxidizing ceramics that can be suitably used in the present invention include nitride ceramics such as aluminum nitride, silicon nitride and boron nitride, and carbide ceramics such as silicon carbide, titanium carbide and zirconium carbide. be able to.
- the shape, size, and the like are not particularly limited.
- a plate shape including, for example, one in which a through hole is formed or subjected to a cutting process
- a tubular shape including, for example, one in which a through hole is formed or subjected to a cutting process
- a tubular shape including, for example, one in which a through hole is formed or subjected to a cutting process
- a tubular shape including, for example, one in which a through hole is formed or subjected to a cutting process
- a rod shape including, for example, one in which a through hole is formed or subjected to a cutting process
- a block shape including, for example, one in which a through hole is formed or subjected to a cutting process
- various irregular shapes can be used.
- the non-oxide ceramic molded article (ceramic article to be treated) used in the present invention may be a crystalline substance such as a single crystal or a polycrystal, an amorphous substance, or
- a sintered body obtained by sintering the non-oxidizing ceramic powder with the addition of a sintering aid and other additives as necessary can be used, but it is inexpensive and easily available.
- the physical ceramics molded body it is preferable to use an aluminum nitride or silicon nitride molded into an arbitrary predetermined shape and having a sintered body strength.
- the non-oxidizing ceramics molded body is an aluminum nitride sintered body
- yttria, lucia, calcium nitrate, and barium carbonate are applied to the aluminum nitride powder.
- a material obtained by adding at least one additive selected from a group, forming into a predetermined shape by a conventional method, and then sintering and further processing the same are preferably used.
- the non-oxide ceramic molded body is a silicon nitride sintered body
- magnesium oxide, chromic oxide, alumina, yttria, zirconia, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, boron, and boron nitride are added to the silicon nitride powder.
- Those obtained by adding at least one additive selected from the group, forming into a predetermined shape by a conventional method, and then sintering and further processing the same are preferably used.
- any pretreatment may be performed by roughening or polishing the surface of the ceramic molded body to be processed.
- the surface roughening treatment include etching with an alkaline aqueous solution, sandblasting, and the like.
- the polishing treatment include polishing using a cannonball, polishing by an electrolytic in-process dressing grinding method, and the like.
- a substance or a precursor thereof which serves as a sintering aid for an oxide (for example, aluminum oxide or silicon oxide) constituting the oxide layer to be formed is attached to the surface of the ceramic body to be treated in advance. You may keep it.
- Such materials include SiO
- the ceramic body to be treated is heated to 300 ° C from the irradiating start temperature of the ceramic body to be treated in an atmosphere in which the total number of moles of the oxidizing gas contained in lm 3 is 0.5 mmol or less.
- the method is not particularly limited, but as described above, even if the inside of the furnace is replaced with a high-purity inert gas, if the degas treatment is not performed in advance, the temperature is increased. ⁇ Oxygen and water vapor are released from the furnace wall and the ceramic body to be treated during heating, so that the above conditions cannot usually be satisfied.
- the inside of the furnace is sufficiently replaced with a high-purity inert gas having a purity of 99.999% or more, more preferably 99.9999% or more, and most preferably 99.99995% or more.
- a high-purity inert gas having a purity of 99.999% or more, more preferably 99.9999% or more, and most preferably 99.99995% or more.
- it is suitable to heat under the flow of the inert gas or to heat while maintaining the pressure in the furnace at the time of heating at 100 Pa or less, preferably 40 Pa or less, most preferably 20 Pa or less.
- the method of the degas treatment is not particularly limited as long as the gas adsorbed on the surface or absorbed inside can be desorbed. Degassing under reduced pressure until there is no more desorption It is suitable.
- the degree of pressure reduction (pressure in the furnace) during degassing is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 Pa or less, particularly 20 Pa or less, and most preferably 1 Pa or less. It is preferable to perform degassing and inert gas replacement several times.
- the oxidizing gas or oxygen derived from the oxidizing gas is not substantially diffused into the processed ceramic molded body until the oxidation of the processed ceramic is started. is important. To this end, it is preferable to heat in an atmosphere as described above up to the starting temperature of the oxidation reaction.However, when heating at least 300 ° C. lower than the oxidation starting temperature of the ceramic to be treated, Even if oxygen gas is introduced into the system (furnace), the heating rate can be controlled by controlling the heating rate (a range of heating rate that can be controlled practically, for example, for 10-80 ° CZ, preferably 30-50 ° CZ).
- the temperature to the oxidation reaction start temperature without causing a problematic diffusion of oxygen (even if the temperature is raised in minutes) and without causing significant damage to the ceramic body to be processed.
- the maximum temperature when heating under conditions that do not dissolve oxygen is 300 ° C. lower than the oxidation start temperature of the ceramic to be treated, and lower than the temperature, the oxide layer is formed.
- the heating rate must be increased, and depending on the size and shape of the ceramic body to be processed. If the temperature is raised at such a high rate, the problem of deformation or cracking occurs.
- the ceramic to be treated is 100 ° C lower than the oxidation start temperature of the ceramic to be treated in the above atmosphere! It is preferable to heat to a temperature higher than the oxidation start temperature of the ceramic to be treated.
- the oxidation start temperature means a temperature at which a rapid oxidation reaction is started when the ceramic to be treated is heated in an oxygen gas atmosphere.
- the temperature at which the oxidation reaction rate of the ceramic to be treated changes critically when the ceramic to be treated is heated at a heating rate of one hundred degrees CZ, preferably 75 degrees CZ.
- the oxidation onset temperature is determined by the thermogravimetric analysis result when the ceramic to be treated is heated under the above conditions, by the temperature at which a rapid change in weight starts, or by the differential thermal analysis result, by which rapid heat generation starts. It can be easily specified as temperature.
- aluminum nitride The starting temperature of the oxidation under the atmospheric pressure of the system is 1100 ° C. as shown in FIG.
- the ceramic body to be treated heated in the heating step is brought into contact with an oxidizing gas, and then the temperature at which the ceramic to be treated starts to oxidize. While maintaining the temperature at a higher temperature, the surface of the ceramic molded body to be treated is oxidized to form an oxide layer (this step is also referred to as an oxidation step).
- the atmosphere during the temperature increase should be controlled to a high degree.
- the ceramic body to be treated is brought into contact with the oxidizing gas, it is particularly important to strictly control the atmosphere for a predetermined period (hereinafter, also referred to as a contact initial period) by starting the contact. preferable.
- the heating step and the oxidation step in the production method of the present invention include:
- the non-oxidized ceramic article While maintaining the atmosphere in the furnace at an atmosphere in which the total number of moles of the oxidizing gas contained in lm 3 is 0.5 mmol or less, the non-oxidized ceramic article is mixed with the non-oxidized ceramic article. Heating to a temperature of at least 300 ° C. lower than the starting temperature of the sardine, and
- step (III) After the non-oxide ceramics molded body heated in the step (II) is brought into contact with an oxidizing gas, the temperature is maintained at a temperature higher than the oxidation start temperature of the non-oxide ceramics. Including a step of forming an oxide layer on the surface of the molded article, and
- step (IV) In the step (III), when the non-oxidizing ceramic article and the oxidizing gas come into contact with each other, the contact between the two starts, and the temperature of the non-ceramic molding increases
- the pressure or partial pressure of the oxidizing gas is set to 50 kPa or less until the temperature is equal to or higher than the temperature at which the oxidizing ceramics start oxidizing and the force is at least 2 minutes. More specifically, when the contact is started at a temperature higher than the oxidation start temperature, the contact start force is lower than the oxidation start temperature for a period of 2 minutes or more.
- the pressure or partial pressure of the oxidizing gas is 40 kPa or less, particularly 30 kPa or less, until at least 2 minutes have passed, and furthermore, the force becomes higher than the oxidation start temperature. Until 3 minutes have passed, the pressure or partial pressure of the oxidizing gas is preferably 55 kPa or less, particularly preferably 50 kPa or less!
- the temperature of the ceramic body to be treated is monitored, and the temperature is set to a predetermined value. After confirming that the temperature has been reached, an acid gas or a mixed gas obtained by diluting the acid gas with an inert gas at a predetermined pressure in the furnace and the partial pressure of the acid gas is obtained.
- an acid gas or a mixed gas obtained by diluting the acid gas with an inert gas at a predetermined pressure in the furnace and the partial pressure of the acid gas is obtained.
- the gas pressure or partial pressure may be increased.
- the pressure or partial pressure of the oxidizing gas during the initial contact period may be constant or fluctuate, but from the viewpoint of preventing defects from occurring at the interface, the pressure does not exceed the upper limit. It is preferable to increase the pressure gradually or continuously from OPa with time. If the untreated ceramic molded body has a complex shape and the surface of the complicated shape is to be oxidized, the acid treatment should be performed to improve the contact between the untreated ceramic molded body and the oxidizing gas. Including dangling gas or oxidized gas It is preferable to fluctuate the pressure of the gas (hereinafter also referred to as “acid-riding gas”).
- the heating step when heating is performed under a flow of an inert gas, the introduction of the inert gas is stopped. Since the atmosphere in the furnace is not immediately replaced by the oxidizing gas, the acid flow during the initial contact period is controlled by controlling the flow rate of the oxidizing gas in consideration of the space in the furnace to be introduced and the flow state of the gas. It is also possible to control the partial pressure of the dangling gas. However, in this case, care must be taken because the gas diffusion is affected by the gas introduction point and the structure in the furnace, and the partial pressure of the oxidizing gas may be locally increased.
- the temperature at which the contact between the ceramic body to be treated and the oxidizing gas is started is 300 ° C lower than the oxidation start temperature of the ceramic body to be treated, and if the temperature is not lower than the temperature, a good oxide layer is formed. Although it can be formed, the temperature is 100 ° C lower than the oxidization starting temperature of the ceramic to be treated and is higher than the temperature, particularly because It is preferable that the temperature is equal to or higher than the starting temperature of the sardine.
- the above-mentioned oxidizing gas can be used without particular limitation. It is preferable to use a gas having a dew point of 50 ° C. or less, and most preferably a gas having a dew point of 70 ° C. or less, from the viewpoint that the obtained oxidized layer has few defects.
- ultra-high-purity oxygen gas for example, ultra-high-purity oxygen gas, ultra-high-purity carbon monoxide gas, ultra-high-purity carbon dioxide gas, a mixed gas of these gases, a mixed gas obtained by diluting the ultra-high-purity gas with an ultra-high-purity inert gas, and dehydrated air Etc. can be suitably used.
- the concentration of the oxidizing gas in the oxidizing gas affects the formation rate of the oxide layer.
- the higher the oxygen concentration the faster the formation rate of the oxidizing layer.
- the force required to bring the ceramic body to be treated into contact with the oxidation gas at a temperature equal to or higher than the oxidation start temperature is too high if the energy cost is high.
- the temperature is preferably 500 ° C or higher than the oxidization start temperature, particularly preferably 300 ° C or higher than the oxidation start temperature.
- the oxidation time may be appropriately determined according to the oxygen concentration of the oxidation gas to be used, the oxidation temperature, and the thickness of the oxide layer to be obtained.
- the temperature may be generally maintained at a temperature higher than the oxidation start temperature for 0.5 to 5 hours.
- the oxide layer formed in the oxidation step is made of a metal or semi-metal oxide which is a constituent component of the non-oxidized ceramic which is the ceramic to be treated. Nitrogen or carbon may be dissolved in a solid solution depending on the type of the ceramic to be processed.
- the oxidized non-oxidized ceramic compact may be cooled and taken out of the furnace. Further, it is preferable that the non-oxide ceramics molded body and the oxide layer are gradually cooled so as not to be damaged during cooling.
- the oxide layer formed on the surface has a specific crack as described above, that is, having "branches".
- the crack having the branch is divided into a crack unit between end points adjacent to each other and a crack unit up to the nearest branch point, the length of each crack unit and
- the maximum width is l (nm) and w (nm)
- the crack 1 having a branch has a shape as shown in FIG. 2, 2a-2e are each crack unit.
- 1, w and wZl were determined for each crack unit, there was at least one crack unit where w was 20 nm or more, 1 was 500 nm or more, and wZl was 0.02 or more, preferably 0.01 or more.
- the crack 1 having the branch becomes a specific crack. If there is no crack unit having wZl of 0.02 or more, preferably 0.01 or more, the crack 1 having the branch is not a specific crack.
- a specific crack is substantially absent means that the number of specific cracks observed when observing 10 (preferably 50) spots in an arbitrary field of view (field of a radius of 30,000 nm) for one sample is 1 field of view. 0.2 or less per average, preferably Means less than 0.1, most preferably less than 0.05.
- the surface of the oxide film often has irregularities depending on the growth method of the oxide film.
- the term “crack” as used in the present invention means a crack that discontinuously cuts at least the surface layer portion of the oxide layer.
- the obtained oxide layer has substantially no specific cracks.
- a region where no voids or bubbles are substantially present in the oxide layer near the interface between the non-oxidized ceramic layer and the oxide layer (hereinafter also referred to as a void-free region); It has the feature that the adhesion strength between the non-oxidizing ceramic layer and the non-oxidizing ceramic layer is extremely high.
- This void-free region is a layer-like region that spreads over the entire surface of the oxide layer with a certain interfacial thickness. When the thickness of the entire oxide layer is 0.1 to 100 m, 20—100 nm thick.
- the expression that substantially no voids or bubbles are present means that the porosity in the void-free region (the ratio of the volume of voids to the entire region) is 5% or less, preferably 3% or less, particularly preferably. Means less than 1%.
- the oxide layer region other than the void-free region particularly in the region except the vicinity of the surface layer, many voids having a diameter of about 50-100 nm are found, whereas in the void-free region, such voids are formed. It is hardly seen, and even if there are voids, the diameter is almost 5 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or less.
- the voids tend to decrease and the diameter tends to increase.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the voids are observed in the TEM photograph as a white or light gray distorted elliptical pattern (in some cases, it may look like a polygon), but the thickness of the observed sample is not uniform. In some cases, it is difficult to determine. For this reason, the sample thickness for TEM observation must be uniform within the range of 50-100 nm.
- the preparation of such a sample can be performed as follows.
- a focused ion beam (FIB) device widely used for preparing a sample for TEM observation
- the sample is ground with accelerated gallium ions, and a width of 10 to 20 as viewed from the sample surface is observed.
- ⁇ m, length 50 grind the periphery to leave an area of 100 nm.
- SIM scanning ion microscope
- the SIM is attached to the FIB equipment, and the grinding area can be accurately confirmed by the SIM observation.
- the thickness of the sample is set to a uniform thickness in the range of 50-100 nm. It becomes possible to do.
- the non-oxidizing ceramic ceramic body is a non-oxidizing ceramic sintered body
- crystals of the sintering aid may precipitate on the surface during production of the sintered compact. This is a well-known fact.
- the oxidation reaction proceeds at the crystal boundaries of the sintering aid and the grain boundaries of the non-oxide ceramic sintered body, and the precipitated sintering aid is deposited.
- the non-oxidizing ceramics just below the crystal are also oxidized.
- no defect such as bubbles or voids is observed at the interface between the oxide layer and the non-oxide ceramic sintered body at that portion. This suggests that even when a small amount of foreign matter is present on the surface of the non-oxidized ceramic, the oxide layer wraps around the foreign matter and is unlikely to be adversely affected by the foreign matter. Is also valuable in this regard.
- the metal layer is formed on the surface of the oxide layer of the non-oxide ceramic molded body having the oxide layer on the surface obtained in the step subsequent to the oxidation step ( Metallization process).
- Metallization process Known metallization methods such as a thin film forming method, a thick film forming method, a DBC method, and an active metal brazing method can be employed without any limitation.
- these metallization methods can use the conventional technology without any difference from the conventional method, except that a non-oxide ceramics molded body oxidized in the oxidation step of the present invention is used as the molded body. You. Hereinafter, these metallization methods will be described.
- the thin film method is a method for forming a metal thin film layer on a substrate surface by a vapor metallization method, a sputtering method, a vapor phase metallization method such as CVD, an electroless plating method, a wet metallizing method such as an electric plating method, or a combination thereof.
- a vapor phase metallization any kind of metal can be metallized.
- the metal in contact with the ceramic molded body is Ti, Zr and VI (Group VIa) of Group IV (Group IVa), which have high reactivity and high adhesion. It is preferable to use at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mo, and W.
- the metal of the upper layer has high electrical conductivity and spreadability that easily absorbs the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion It is preferable to use a metal such as Cu, Au, Ag, etc. Further, a layer of another metal such as Pt or Ni may be provided between the lowermost layer and the upper layer. Further, when the film thickness is insufficient, the thickness can be increased by a plating method. Some non-oxidizing ceramics are unstable to chemicals such as water and alkaline aqueous solutions, and are often restricted when applying the plating method. In this case, the surface of the non-oxidizing ceramic article is covered with a good oxidizing layer, so that the plating method can be applied without any particular restrictions.
- the thick film method is a method in which a conductive pattern (wiring circuit) or resistor is printed on a ceramic molded body as a base material using a metal paste by screen printing or the like, and then fired to form an electronic circuit.
- the metal paste refers to a glass frit of a glassy type, an oxide type (chemical bond type) or a mixed type (mix bond type), a ceramic powder for controlling a thermal expansion coefficient, or the like, as necessary. And kneaded with an organic solvent or the like to form a paste.
- a known metal paste can be used without any particular limitation.
- a through hole (an oxidizing layer is formed on the surface of the through hole by an oxidizing step) is used as the metallizing step of the present invention.
- a so-called post-fire in which a via hole is formed by filling a metal paste into a metal paste can also be applied.
- a dedicated metal paste In the thick film method and the post-fire method in the non-oxidizing sword-based ceramic molded body, it is common to use a dedicated metal paste. High adhesion can be obtained even with metal paste.
- the plating method can be combined.
- the metallization method in the method of the present invention includes a metallization method including a plating step, particularly a combination of a thin film method and a plating method other than the plating method or a thick film method and a plating method. Combination of thin film method other than plating method and electroless plating method or combination of thick film method and electroless plating method It is preferable to use a color metallizing method.
- the DBC (Direct Bond Copper) method is a method in which copper (plate or foil) containing a trace amount of oxygen is brought into contact with a ceramic molded body serving as a base material, and heated in a nitrogen atmosphere to form copper and ceramic. This is a method of joining with a molded body.
- a liquid phase component (Cu 2 O) generated by heating is easily wetted by a material, for example, in the case of an oxide ceramic such as alumina.
- the DBC method can be applied to the metallizing method of the present invention, and the oxidized layer formed in the oxidized step of the present invention has the above-mentioned characteristics.
- the joining mechanism by the DBC method is ideally realized. For this reason, joining strength and joining durability are improved as compared with conventional products.
- the "active metal brazing method” means that an active metal brazing material is printed and applied on the surface of a ceramic molded body as a base material, and a metal such as Cu or A1 is laminated thereon. It is a method of joining by heating at.
- brazing materials include Ag-Cu-Ti, Cu-Sn-Ti, Ni-Ti, and aluminum alloys. Among them, Ag-Cu-Ti is most frequently used.
- this method can be applied to most ceramics, it is of course effective for an aluminum nitride substrate having been subjected to a surface oxidation treatment.
- the oxidized layer formed in the oxidized step of the present invention has the above-mentioned characteristics, and is more ideal than the case where the conventional method is employed. For this reason, the joining strength and joining durability are improved as compared with conventional products.
- post-treatments such as various steps in one method of etching / lithography may be performed as necessary.
- the Peltier device of the present invention is different from the conventional Peltier device in that a specific “non-oxidized ceramic substrate having an oxide layer on its surface” is used as a pair of substrates sandwiching a thermoelectric material member. There is no point.
- a specific “non-oxidized ceramic substrate having an oxide layer on its surface” is used as a pair of substrates sandwiching a thermoelectric material member.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a typical Peltier device of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. As shown in FIG. 19, the Peltier device 100 has a first substrate 200a and a second substrate 200b arranged to face each other. These substrates have an oxidized material layer formed on the surface by a specific method described later, and the oxidized material layer has substantially no specific crack on the surface.
- a thermoelectric material member 300 is disposed between a first substrate 200a and a second substrate 200b.
- the thermoelectric material member 300 includes a P-type thermoelectric material 310 and an N-type thermoelectric material 320 that are alternately arranged. As shown in FIGS.
- each thermoelectric material (P-type thermoelectric material (or The N-type thermoelectric material) is formed by joining the thermoelectric material ⁇ N-type thermoelectric material (or P-type thermoelectric material) ⁇ adjacent to one side to the electrode 340a through the solder layer 330a. While being electrically connected, the lower surface of the thermoelectric material ⁇ N-type thermoelectric material (or P-type thermoelectric material) ⁇ adjacent to the other side is joined to the electrode 340b via the solder layer 330b. Connected. Further, as shown in FIG. 20, metal layers 400a and 400b constituting a conductive circuit pattern are formed on inner surfaces of the first substrate 200a and the second substrate 200b, respectively.
- the metal layers 400a and 400b are respectively joined to the electrodes 340a and 340b of the thermoelectric material member 300 via the second solder layers 500a and 500b, respectively. Furthermore, a first heat transfer body 600a such as a heat source is connected to the outside of the first substrate 200a, and a second heat transfer body 600b such as a heat radiator is connected to the outside of the second substrate 200b. Although not shown in the figure, a structure in which the metal layers 400a and 400b also serve as the metal electrodes 340a and 340b, respectively, may be employed.
- thermoelectric materials and N-type thermoelectric material in the Peltier element of the present invention Bi- T e based ones or the like, those used in the conventional Peltier element can be used without any restriction without.
- P-type thermoelectric materials include (Bi Sb) Te,
- thermoelectric materials include Bi (Te Se).
- solder used to form the solder layers 330a, 330b, 500a, 500b is Pb-Sn solder, Au-Sn solder, Ag-Sn solder, Sn-Bi solder, Sn-In solder.
- solder materials can be used without particular limitation, it is preferable to use Pb-Sn-based solder and Au-Sn-based solder because of their low melting point and high bonding strength.
- the Peltier device of the present invention is characterized in that the above-mentioned plate-shaped “non-oxide ceramic molded body having an oxide layer on the surface” (surface oxidized molded body) is used as the substrates 200a and 200b. And By using such a substrate (surface oxidizing substrate), a method of manufacturing the device can be achieved, in which the adhesiveness between the substrate and the thermoelectric material member is high, and the durability is not only excellent. In particular, even when the plating method is applied in the metallizing step, the substrate is not degraded, and the effect is obtained.
- the above-mentioned surface-oxidized substrate has a conductor pattern composed of metal layers 400a and 400b shown in FIG. 20 formed on the surface thereof, and is used as a substrate (200a and 200b) for the Peltier device. You.
- the method for forming the conductor pattern is not particularly limited, and a known metallizing method such as a thin film forming method, a thick film forming method, and a DBC method can be employed without any limitation.
- a thick metal layer (first metal layer) is formed of copper or copper by a thick film method because a conductor pattern made of a thick and low-resistance metal can be formed easily and at low cost.
- a layer (second metal layer) made of a metal different from the metal constituting the metal layer on the pattern by a plating method.
- the thickness of the first metal layer is usually 5 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the second metal layer formed on the pattern functions as a barrier layer for preventing the diffusion of the solder metal into the first metal layer or as an adhesion layer for improving the adhesion with the solder metal.
- the metal constituting the second metal is usually at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni (including Ni-P composite and Ni-B composite), Ni-Au alloy and Pt. Layers are used.
- the thickness of the second metal layer is usually 0.5-50 m, preferably 1-120 m.
- an electroless plating method can be suitably employed.
- the method of manufacturing the Peltier device of the present invention using the "ceramic substrate having a conductor pattern on the surface" obtained by the above method is not particularly different from the method of manufacturing the conventional Peltier device.
- a method including the following steps A, B and C can be adopted.
- thermoelectric material is a thermoelectric material member whose upper surface is electrically connected to the thermoelectric material adjacent to one side thereof by electrodes, and which is electrically connected to the thermoelectric material adjacent to the other side and mutually lower surfaces thereof by electrodes.
- Step B A pair of ceramic substrates each having a conductor pattern on the surface, wherein the conductor pattern of each ceramic substrate is formed so as to be electrically connected to the electrode of the thermoelectric material member when the thermoelectric material member is sandwiched therebetween.
- Step C a step of arranging the thermoelectric material member between the pair of ceramic substrates and soldering electrodes of the thermoelectric material member to conductive patterns of the ceramic substrates.
- the above step A is a step of preparing the thermoelectric material member 300 in FIG. 19, for example, a P-type thermoelectric material 310 having metal electrodes (not shown!) On the upper and lower surfaces and an N-type thermoelectric material 320. And the electrodes 340a and 340b may be arranged as shown in FIG. 19, and the electrodes of the thermoelectric materials and the electrodes 340a and 340b may be soldered.
- Step B is a step of preparing the substrates 200a and 200b in FIG. 19 by the method as described above.
- the step C is a step of fixing the thermoelectric material member 300 by soldering between the pair of substrates 200a and 200b. In this step, the solder layers (500a and 500b) are previously formed on the conductor pattern of each substrate, and precise soldering can be performed by reflow soldering.
- the Peltier device of the present invention produced by such a manufacturing method is excellent in (i) excellent bonding strength between the substrate and the thermoelectric element, excellent durability in bonding strength between the GO substrate and the thermoelectric element, and (iii) In metallization, the substrate has excellent features such that the substrate is not damaged even when the plating method is applied, and the adhesive strength of the metallized layer is not reduced.
- the power of various evaluation results of the “non-oxidizing ceramic substrate having a conductive layer” is also clear.
- Examples 1 and 2 Examples of a new oxidation method in which degassing is performed and the oxygen partial pressure during the initial contact period is within a suitable range
- Non-oxide ceramic substrate with oxide layer on the surface An aluminum nitride substrate (SH15, manufactured by Tokuyama Corporation) with a surface shape of 50.8 mm in length, 50.8 mm in width, and 0.635 mm in thickness and having a surface roughness Ra of 0.05 ⁇ m or less has an inner diameter of 75 mm and a length of 75 mm. 1 Introduce into a high-temperature atmosphere furnace (100-millimeter supermarket modified by Motoyama Co., Ltd.) with a core tube made of 100 mm mullite ceramics, reduce the pressure in the furnace to 50 Pa or less with a rotary vacuum pump, and then use nitrogen gas (purity 99%).
- a high-temperature atmosphere furnace 100-millimeter supermarket modified by Motoyama Co., Ltd.
- the pressure was replaced at 99995% with a dew point of -80 ° C), and the temperature was raised to 1200 ° C under a nitrogen flow at a flow rate of 2 (lZ) (heating rate: 3.3 ° CZ). After confirming that the temperature near the substrate reached 1200 ° C, the flow of nitrogen gas was stopped, and oxygen gas (99.999% purity, dew point—80 ° C) was supplied at a flow rate of 1 (1Z min.). ) And kept for 1 hour to oxidize the surface of the aluminum nitride substrate. After the end of the acid cooling, cool to room temperature (cooling rate 3.3
- the gas discharged from the furnace at the same time as the start of the temperature rise was gas chromatograph (Personal gas chromatograph GC-8A manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, detector: TCD, column: SUS 3 ⁇ X manufactured by GL Sciences Corporation). 2m, filler molecular sieve 13X-S 60/80) was introduced, and gas components were analyzed with time. At the time of temperature rise, no components other than nitrogen were detected in any temperature range. Exhaust gas was analyzed 10 minutes after the start of oxygen flow, and in addition to oxygen as the flow gas, nitrogen, which was considered to have been generated in the reaction process, was detected. The nitrogen peak was highest after the start of oxygen flow, and decreased with elapse of the temperature holding time.
- gas chromatograph Personal gas chromatograph GC-8A manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, detector: TCD, column: SUS 3 ⁇ X manufactured by GL Sciences Corporation. 2m, filler molecular sieve 13X-S 60/80
- Samples 1 and 2 obtained in the above Production Examples were used as analysis samples, and their oxide layers were subjected to XRD analysis, surface observation by SEM, cross-sectional observation by TEM, and alkali resistance test. The specific methods and results of these analyzes are shown below.
- the sample was cut into 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm with a diamond cutter, and then fixed on a sample table for observation with carbon tape with the oxidized surface facing up. This was Pt-coated using an ion sputtering device (JEOL magnetron sputtering equipment g [UC-5000]), and FE-SEM (JEOL Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope SM-6400). The surface of the sample was observed. Observed acceleration voltage 15kV, probe current 5 X 10- U A, E mission current 8 mu Alpha, performed at a magnification 10, 000-fold, and any field of view 50 field observation photography. Typical photographs of Samples 1 and 2 are shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, respectively, and their illustrations are shown in FIGS.
- a dicing device (DAD320) manufactured by Disco Co., Ltd. It was cut into a rectangular parallelepiped shape with a width of lmm and a height of 50m, and processed for cross-sectional observation using a focused ion beam device (SMI2200) manufactured by SII Nanotechnology Co., Ltd.
- the accelerating voltage was 30 kV.
- SIM scanning ion microscope
- the periphery was ground down to 50 nm in length from 50 m to 70 nm.
- the width of the grinding is arbitrary, but this time it was 20 m.
- the grinding depth was set so that the entire oxide layer and a part (about 1 m) of the nitride ceramic could be observed by SIM observation of the sample cross section.
- the dry weight W of the sample before immersion was 166.5 (mg), and the dry weight W after immersion was 166.2 (m
- weight loss The “amount of decrease in dry weight per unit area due to immersion” calculated based on these values (simply referred to as “weight loss”) was 10 (g / m 2 ).
- the weight loss of the sample corresponding to sample 2 was 20 (g / m 2 ).
- the weight loss was 113 (g / m 2 ).
- the obtained samples 1 and 2 were washed in acetone for 10 minutes using an ultrasonic cleaner (transducer: MT-154P06EEA, oscillator: ME-154A601AA20) manufactured by Ultrasonic Industry Co., Ltd. It was dried in methylene chloride vapor for 5 minutes by using a steam cleaner LABOCLEAN LC-200. Thereafter, a copper paste prepared by the same method as that described in Example 1 of JP-A-2000-138010 was applied to the surfaces of samples 1 and 2 using a screen printing machine MT-320TVC manufactured by Microtech Co., Ltd. It was printed in a shape of 2 mm in width and 2 mm in width to a thickness of 40 m.
- a Pb60-Sn40 eutectic solder was placed on the metallized portion of the metallized substrate obtained by the above method, and a nail head pin with a diameter of 1.1 mm was bonded on a hot plate heated to 250 ° C, and cooled to room temperature. This was pulled vertically by a universal strength tester STROGRAPH-Ml manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd., and the strength (hereinafter referred to as pull strength) when the substrate and the nail head pin peeled was measured at five points each. In Example 1, it was 132 MPa, and in Example 2, it was 117 MPa.
- peeling mode determination the peeled surface was observed at a magnification of 40x using Olympus stereo microscope SZ40.
- the fracture mode was dominant, and the rest were mixed modes of aluminum nitride internal fracture and solder-solder peeling.
- Sample 2 was in an aluminum nitride internal fracture mode or a mixed mode of aluminum nitride internal fracture and solder-solder peeling.
- a 1 ⁇ m NiZP layer was formed on a copper layer of a metallized substrate separately prepared in the same manner by electroless plating, and a peeling test was performed in the same manner. ) was 125 MPa when the substrate corresponding to sample 1 was used, and was 88 MPa when the substrate corresponding to sample 2 was used.
- Example 3 Example of a new oxidation method in which no degassing treatment is performed and the oxygen partial pressure during the initial contact period is within a suitable range
- the following aluminum nitride substrate (SH15, manufactured by Tokuyama Co., Ltd.) was introduced into a high-temperature atmosphere furnace (remodeled superburn type manufactured by Motoyama Co., Ltd.) with a core tube made of mullite ceramic with an inner diameter of 75 mm and a length of 1100 mm. The temperature was raised to 1200 ° C under nitrogen gas (purity: 99.99995%, dew point: 80 ° C) (temperature rise rate: 3.3 ° CZ minute).
- the flow of nitrogen gas was stopped, and oxygen gas (purity: 99.999%, dew point—80 ° C) was supplied at a flow rate of 1 (1Z minute).
- oxygen gas purity: 99.999%, dew point—80 ° C
- the aluminum nitride substrate was allowed to flow and kept for 1 hour to oxidize the surface of the aluminum nitride substrate.
- the resultant was cooled to room temperature to obtain a surface oxidized aluminum nitride substrate (temperature-lowering rate of 3.3 ° CZ).
- the gas discharged from the furnace at the same time as the start of heating was introduced into a gas chromatograph (Personal Gas Chromatograph GC-8A manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and the gas components were analyzed over time. At the time of heating, trace amounts of oxygen and water were detected in addition to nitrogen. Using a calibration curve created separately, the amounts of oxygen and water in the gas discharged when the substrate temperature reached 300 ° C were determined. The concentration of oxygen and water was found to be 1.2 mmol / m 3 (0.0027 vol.%) And water was 1. Ommol / m 3 (0.20022 vol.%). It is probable that bubbles (or voids) were generated near the interface between the oxide layer and the underlayer because the sum of both exceeded 0.5 mmol Zm 3 .
- the obtained surface oxidized aluminum nitride substrate (sample) was subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2. And analyzed. As a result, it was confirmed that the diffraction pattern force in the XRD measurement was ⁇ -alumina in the oxide layers of all the samples. In addition, when the sample surface was observed by SEM, it was found that no specific crack was present and that the sample was an extremely dense oxide layer. Further, when the cross section of the oxide layer was observed, it was confirmed that voids or bubbles existed throughout the oxide layer.
- Metallization was performed in the same manner as in the copper thick film metallizing process of Examples 1 and 2.
- the pull strength (average value at 5 points) was 98 MPa
- the peel mode was a mixed mode of aluminum nitride internal destruction and solder-solder peeling, and the rest was It was an aluminum nitride internal fracture mode.
- the pull strength (average value at 5 points) after the heat-ital test was 92 MPa
- the peeling mode was a mixed mode of aluminum nitride internal destruction and solder-solder peeling or an aluminum nitride internal destruction mode.
- a 1 ⁇ m Ni / P layer was formed on a copper layer of a metallized substrate prepared in the same manner by electroless plating, and a peeling test was performed in the same manner.
- the pull strength (average of 5 points) was It was 85 MPa.
- Example 4 Example of New Oxidation Method without Degas Treatment and Oxygen Partial Pressure During Initial Contact Period Outside of Suitable Range
- Aluminum nitride substrate (SH15, manufactured by Tokuyama Corporation) having a plate shape of 50.8 mm in length, 50.8 mm in width, and 0.635 mm in thickness and having a surface roughness Ra of 0.05 ⁇ m or less is the same as in Example 1.
- the temperature was raised to 1200 ° C in a nitrogen gas flow (purity: 99.99995%, dew point -80 ° C) at a flow rate of 2 (1Z) without degassing using the device (heating rate: 3.3 ° CZ min).
- the flow of nitrogen gas was stopped, and the pressure in the furnace was reduced to 50 Pa or less using a rotary vacuum pump, and then the oxygen gas (purity: 99.999%, The pressure was replaced by a sudden return to the atmospheric pressure at a dew point of -80 ° C, the gas was circulated at a flow rate of 2 (for 1Z), and kept for 5 hours to oxidize the surface of the aluminum nitride substrate. After the completion of the oxidation, the resultant was cooled to room temperature (at a temperature lowering rate of 3.3 ° CZ) to obtain a surface aluminum oxynitride substrate.
- the obtained surface aluminum oxynitride substrate (sample) was subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) in the same manner as in Example 1. Analysis. As a result, it was confirmed that the diffraction pattern force of the XRD measurement was a-alumina in both the oxide layers of all the samples. In addition, the thickness of the oxidized layer was 3500 nm on average. From the surface observation by SEM, cracks other than specific cracks were observed on the surface of the oxidized layer in addition to the streak-like pattern due to the protrusion.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the pull strength (average value at 5 points) after the heat cycle test was 79 MPa, and the peeling mode was a mixed mode of aluminum nitride internal destruction and solder-solder peeling or an aluminum nitride internal destruction mode.
- a 1 ⁇ m Ni / P layer was formed on a copper layer of a metallized substrate that was prepared in the same manner by electroless plating, and a peeling test was performed in the same manner.
- the pull strength (average of 5 points) was 80 MPa.
- Aluminum nitride substrate (SH15, manufactured by Tokuyama Corporation) having a plate shape of 50.8 mm in length, 50.8 mm in width, and 0.635 mm in thickness and having a surface roughness Ra of 0.05 ⁇ m or less is the same as in Example 1.
- the temperature was raised to 1200 ° C under the same conditions as in Example 1 using the apparatus.
- the flow of nitrogen gas was stopped, and the inside of the furnace was again depressurized to 50 Pa or less using a rotary vacuum pump, and then oxygen gas (99.999% purity, dew point ( ⁇ 80 ° C), the pressure was rapidly restored to the atmospheric pressure, the flow was continued at a flow rate of 2 (for 1Z), and the surface was kept for 5 hours to oxidize the surface of the aluminum nitride substrate.
- the substrate was cooled to room temperature (at a temperature lowering rate of 3.3 ° CZ) to obtain a surface oxidized aluminum nitride substrate (Example 5).
- the decompression is performed by mixing an oxygen gas (purity: 99.99 995%, dew point: 80 ° C) and oxygen gas (purity: 99.999%, dew point: 80 ° C) so that the oxygen gas partial pressure is 6 OkPa. Except for using the dangling gas, oxidation was performed under the same conditions as in Example 5 to obtain a surface aluminum oxynitride substrate (Example 6).
- the obtained surface oxidized aluminum nitride substrate (sample) was subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) in the same manner as in Example 1. Analysis was carried out. As a result, it was confirmed that the diffraction pattern force of the XRD measurement was a-alumina in both the oxide layers of all the samples. The thickness of the oxide layer was 3100 nm on average for the sample of Example 5, and 2800 nm on average for the sample of Example 6. From the surface observation by SEM, cracks other than specific cracks were observed on the oxide layer surfaces of both samples, in addition to streak-like patterns due to bumps.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the pull strength (average value at 5 points) after the heat cycle test was 81 MPa (Example 5) and 77 MPa (Example 6).
- the peeling mode was a mixed mode of aluminum nitride internal destruction and solder-solder peeling. Or it was an aluminum nitride internal fracture mode.
- a 1 ⁇ m Ni / P layer was formed on a copper layer of a metallized substrate by electroless plating, and a peeling test was performed in the same manner. It was 70 MPa (Example 5) and 80 MPa (Example 6).
- Aluminum nitride substrate (Tokuyama SH30 Co., Ltd.) with a length of 50.8 mm, a width of 50.8 mm and a thickness of 0.635 mm and a surface roughness Ra of 0.5 ⁇ m or less is 75 mm in inner diameter and 110 in length.
- Omm mullite ceramics were introduced into a high-temperature atmosphere furnace (a modified super-burner manufactured by Motoyama Co., Ltd.) with a core tube, and the temperature was raised to 1200 ° C under an air flow at a flow rate of 2 (for 1Z) (heating rate : 3.3 ° CZ min).
- the force was maintained for 0.5 hour, and the surface of the aluminum nitride substrate was oxidized.
- the substrate was cooled to room temperature (at a temperature lowering rate of 3.3 ° CZ) to obtain a surface oxidized aluminum nitride substrate (Comparative Example 1).
- the holding temperature was changed to 1300 ° C. and the holding time was changed to 10 hours, the surface was oxidized under the same conditions as in Comparative Example 1 to obtain a surface oxidized aluminum nitride material (Comparative Example 2).
- the obtained surface oxidized aluminum nitride substrate was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2. The analysis was performed. As a result, it was confirmed that the diffraction pattern force in the XRD measurement was ⁇ -alumina in both the oxide layers of all the samples. Further, the average thickness of the oxidized layer was 1500 nm in Comparative Example 1 and 18000 nm in Comparative Example 2. Typical photographs of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 by SEM observation are shown in FIGS. 11 and 13, respectively, and their illustrations are shown in FIGS. 12 and 14. As shown in FIGS.
- Comparative Example 1 a total of 35 specific cracks were observed in Comparative Example 1 and a total of 38 specific cracks were observed in Comparative Example 2.
- Typical photographs of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 observed by TEM are shown in FIGS. 15 and 17, respectively, and their illustrations are shown in FIGS. 16 and 18.
- FIGS. 15 and 17 elliptical bubbles (or voids) were observed in all oxide layers. And, unlike Examples 1 and 2, air bubbles were also observed in the vicinity of the interface between the oxide layer and the underlayer in each sample. Further, the weight loss in the alkali resistance test in Comparative Example 1 was 82 (g / m 2 ).
- Comparative Example 1 the peeling mode between thick film and substrate is predominant in Comparative Example 1, and the rest is a mixed mode of peeling between thick film and substrate and between solder and thick film.
- Comparative Example 2 the alumina internal destruction mode or thick film is used. It was a single-substrate release mode.
- a NiZP layer having a thickness of: m was formed on the copper metallized layer by electroless plating in the same manner as in Example 1, and the adhesion strength was measured.
- the pull strength (5 point average) was 50 MPa.
- a metallized aluminum nitride substrate not subjected to the oxidation treatment was similarly metallized and subjected to a peeling test.
- the pull strength (average at 5 points) after electroplating was 40 MPa.
- the oxide layer of the “non-oxide ceramic molded article having an oxide layer on the surface”, which is the base of the metal layer has a very high quality
- the adhesion between the metal layer and the molded article is very high. Very high.
- metallization technology for oxide ceramics It is also possible to apply. Therefore, the reliability when used as, for example, an electronic circuit board or a heater is greatly improved as compared with a conventional non-oxidized ceramic-based metallized molded article. Further, according to the production method of the present invention, it is possible to stably and efficiently produce such an excellent metallized molded article of the present invention.
- the Peltier device of the present invention uses a non-oxidizing ceramic substrate having a high-quality oxide layer on its surface, and therefore uses a substrate mainly composed of non-oxidizing ceramic. Nevertheless, the adhesiveness between the metal layer constituting the conductive pattern and the substrate is extremely good, and the durability against thermal cycling is high. In addition, since the oxide layer also functions as a protective layer, the substrate is not damaged or deteriorated even when the plating method is applied. Further, the adhesive strength of the metallized layer is not reduced by the plating. For this reason, when manufacturing the Peltier device of the present invention, more specifically, when manufacturing a ceramic substrate (metalized substrate) having a conductive pattern, a conductive method is performed by printing using a copper thick film paste. It is also possible to apply a new metallization method in which a circuit pattern is formed and a metal layer serving as a solder layer with a solder layer is further formed thereon by a plating method.
- the new metallization method described above is simple in operation and low in cost, and employs a thick film method and a plating method. Therefore, according to the production method of the present invention using the metallization method, the metallization method is simple. A Peltier device can be obtained at low cost.
- the oxidizing layer is firmly adhered to the underlying non-oxidizing ceramic, its effect can be maintained for a long time even when used under severe conditions such as a large temperature change in the use environment. Can be kept.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2005517773A JP4712559B2 (ja) | 2004-02-09 | 2005-02-07 | メタライズドセラミックス成形体、その製法およびペルチェ素子 |
EP05709838A EP1721880A1 (en) | 2004-02-09 | 2005-02-07 | Metallized ceramic molding, process for producing the same and peltier device |
US10/589,092 US20070138710A1 (en) | 2004-02-09 | 2005-02-07 | Metallized ceramic molding, process for producing the same and peltier device |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2004-031627 | 2004-02-09 | ||
JP2004031627 | 2004-02-09 | ||
JP2004034873 | 2004-02-12 | ||
JP2004-034873 | 2004-02-12 |
Publications (1)
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WO2005075382A1 true WO2005075382A1 (ja) | 2005-08-18 |
Family
ID=34840164
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2005/001786 WO2005075382A1 (ja) | 2004-02-09 | 2005-02-07 | メタライズドセラミックス成形体、その製法およびペルチェ素子 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070138710A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1721880A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4712559B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100817774B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005075382A1 (ja) |
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JP2010531050A (ja) * | 2007-02-28 | 2010-09-16 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | ガラス−セラミック熱電モジュール |
WO2015030220A1 (ja) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-05 | 株式会社Kelk | 熱電発電モジュール |
JP2017152715A (ja) * | 2017-04-05 | 2017-08-31 | 株式会社Kelk | 熱電発電モジュール |
JP2017191816A (ja) * | 2016-04-11 | 2017-10-19 | 学校法人東京理科大学 | 導電膜付き柱状インゴット基板及びその製造方法、シリサイド系熱電変換素子及びその製造方法、熱電変換モジュール、並びにシリサイド系熱電変換素子の電極層形成用組成物 |
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- 2005-02-07 WO PCT/JP2005/001786 patent/WO2005075382A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-02-07 KR KR1020067018323A patent/KR100817774B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-02-07 US US10/589,092 patent/US20070138710A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4712559B2 (ja) | 2011-06-29 |
EP1721880A1 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
JPWO2005075382A1 (ja) | 2007-10-11 |
KR100817774B1 (ko) | 2008-03-31 |
US20070138710A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
KR20070026407A (ko) | 2007-03-08 |
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