JP6735764B2 - ボンディング接合構造 - Google Patents
ボンディング接合構造 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6735764B2 JP6735764B2 JP2017543599A JP2017543599A JP6735764B2 JP 6735764 B2 JP6735764 B2 JP 6735764B2 JP 2017543599 A JP2017543599 A JP 2017543599A JP 2017543599 A JP2017543599 A JP 2017543599A JP 6735764 B2 JP6735764 B2 JP 6735764B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- copper
- bonding
- support
- sintered body
- site
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 270
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 166
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 141
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 70
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 65
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 28
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 23
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine hydrate Chemical compound O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical class [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002003 electron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960004643 cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- KNRCVAANTQNTPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C2C1C1(C)C=CC2C1 KNRCVAANTQNTPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012756 surface treatment agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-one Chemical compound C1=CN=C2NC(=O)CC2=C1 ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005750 Copper hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282341 Mustela putorius furo Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical compound C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- QRJOYPHTNNOAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper gold Chemical compound [Cu].[Au] QRJOYPHTNNOAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001956 copper hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Cu] IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960000355 copper sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NWFNSTOSIVLCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diacetate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O NWFNSTOSIVLCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SBRXLTRZCJVAPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC SBRXLTRZCJVAPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003353 gold alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004850 liquid epoxy resins (LERs) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PFTXKXWAXWAZBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octacene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC5=CC6=CC7=CC8=CC=CC=C8C=C7C=C6C=C5C=C4C=C3C=C21 PFTXKXWAXWAZBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004917 polyol method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910001958 silver carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver carbonate Substances [Ag].[O-]C([O-])=O LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CCC2OC21 DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/50—Assembly of semiconductor devices using processes or apparatus not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326, e.g. sealing of a cap to a base of a container
- H01L21/52—Mounting semiconductor bodies in containers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/14—Solid materials, e.g. powdery or granular
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Description
前記支持体は、少なくともその最表面に銅又は金が存在しており、
前記支持体と前記焼結体との接合界面を跨ぐように、該支持体の銅又は金と該焼結体の銅との相互拡散部位が形成されている、ボンディング接合構造を提供するものである。
前記支持体は、少なくともその最表面に銅又は金が存在しており、
前記支持体と前記焼結体との接合界面を跨ぐように、該支持体の銅又は金と該焼結体の銅との相互拡散部位が形成されている、ダイボンディング接合構造を提供するものである。
前記支持体は、少なくともその最表面にニッケルが存在しており、
前記支持体と前記焼結体との接合界面を跨ぐように、該支持体のニッケルと該焼結体のニッケルとの相互拡散部位が形成されている、ボンディング接合構造を提供するものである。
前記支持体は、少なくともその最表面に銀が存在しており、
前記支持体と前記焼結体との接合界面を跨ぐように、該支持体の銀と該焼結体の銀との相互拡散部位が形成されている、ボンディング接合構造を提供するものである。
DBET(μm)=6/(SSA(m2/g)×8.94(g/cm3))
銅粉をアルミニウム製の台に乗せて、3体積%H2−N2雰囲気下、160℃の設定温度で1時間保持する。その後、炉から銅粉を取り出し、走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて倍率50,000倍で銅粉を観察し、面会合の有無を調べる。面会合が観察されない場合、炉の設定温度を、前記の設定温度から10℃高い温度に設定し直し、新たな設定温度において面会合の有無を前記と同様にして調べる。この操作を繰り返し、面会合が観察された炉の設定温度を、焼結開始温度(℃)とする。
(a)前記反応液中に、ヒドラジンを、時間をおいて複数回にわたって添加する。
(b)前記反応液中に、ヒドラジンを、連続して所定時間にわたって添加する。
(a)の場合、複数回とは、2回以上6回以下程度であることが好ましい。ヒドラジンの各添加の間隔は5分以上90分以下程度であることが好ましい。
(b)の場合、前記の所定時間とは1分以上180分以下程度であることが好ましい。反応液は、ヒドラジンとの混合が終了した後も、撹拌を継続して、熟成することが好ましい。こうすることで、D/DBETの値が前記の範囲内となる銅粉が得やすいからである。
本実施例では、図1に示す構造のダイボンディング接合構造を製造した。
(1)銅粉及び銅ペーストの製造
撹拌羽を取り付けた容量500mlの丸底フラスコを用意した。この丸底フラスコに、銅源として酢酸銅一水和物15.71gを投入した。丸底フラスコに、更に水10gと、有機溶媒としてイソプロパノール70.65gとを加えて反応液を得た。この反応液を、150rpmで撹拌しながら液温を60℃まで上げた。撹拌を続けたまま、反応液にヒドラジン一水和物1.97gを一度に添加した。次いで、反応液を30分間撹拌した。その後、反応液にヒドラジン一水和物17.73gを添加した。更に反応液を30分間撹拌した。その後、反応液にヒドラジン一水和物7.88gを添加した。その後、反応液を、液温を60℃に保ったまま、1時間撹拌し続けた。反応終了後、反応液全量を固液分離した。得られた固形分について、純水を用いたデカンテーション法による洗浄を行った。洗浄は、上澄み液の導電率が1000μS/cm以下になるまで繰り返した。洗浄物を固液分離した。得られた固形分にエタノール160gを加え、加圧濾過器を用いて濾過した。得られた固形分を常温で減圧乾燥し、目的とする銅粉を得た。この銅粉の一次粒子の平均粒径Dは0.19μm、BET比表面積(SSA)は3.91m2/g、DBETは0.17μm、D/DBETは1.1、C,P,Si,Ti及びZrの含有量の総和は0.05%、銅含有量は99.8%超、結晶子径は35nm、焼結開始温度は170℃であった。この銅粉と、三井金属鉱業(株)製の湿式合成銅粒子からなる銅粉であるCS−20(商品名)(レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定法による累積体積50容量%における体積累積粒径D50=3.0μm)を、56:44の質量割合で混合し、混合銅粉を得た。この混合銅粉と、混合有機溶媒としてのトリエタノールアミンと、3−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシランと、メタノールとを混合して銅ペーストを調製した。混合有機溶媒におけるトリエタノールアミンの割合は54%、3−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシランの割合は29%、メタノールの割合は17%であった。銅ペースト中の混合銅粉の割合は86%、有機溶媒の割合は14%であった。
10mm角、厚さ0.5mmの無酸素銅(純度99.96%)からなる支持体に、厚さ50μmの樹脂フィルム版を用いたスクリーン印刷によって、直径0.8mm形状の銅ペーストを5箇所に塗布した。支持体の中央に、ダイとして、5mm角、厚さ1mmの無酸素銅(純度99.96%)を載置した。窒素雰囲気下、260℃で10分にわたり焼成を行い、目的とする接合構造を得た。得られた接合構造における焼結体と支持体との接合界面付近のTEM像を図4(a)ないし(c)に示す。これらの図から明らかなとおり、支持体と焼結体との接合界面を跨ぐように、支持体の銅と焼結体の銅との相互拡散部位が形成されており、該相互拡散部位に、結晶方位が同方向である銅の結晶構造が、接合界面を跨ぐように形成されていることが判る。結晶方位が同方向である銅の結晶構造は、接合界面における横断長が94nmであった。また、接合界面を跨ぐ銅の結晶構造の厚みは最大で170nmであった。
(1)銅ペーストの製造
混合銅粉として、三井金属鉱業(株)製の湿式合成銅粒子からなる銅粉である1050Y(商品名)と、三井金属鉱業(株)製の湿式合成銅粒子からなる銅粉である1300Y(商品名)とを、56:44の質量割合で混合したものを用いた。比較例1と比較例2で使用した2種類の銅粉はいずれも表面に有機保護層を備えたものである。これ以外は実施例1(1)と同様にして、銅ペーストを調製した。
実施例1の(2)と同様に接合構造を形成した。得られた接合構造は、ダイと焼結体と支持体の接合を維持するだけの機械強度を有しておらず、得られた接合構造の放熱性の評価及び焼結体と支持体との接合界面付近のTEM像観察を行うことができなかった。
(1)銅ペーストの製造
混合銅粉として、三井金属鉱業(株)製の湿式合成銅粒子からなる銅粉である1050Y(商品名)と、三井金属鉱業(株)製の湿式合成銅粒子からなる銅粉である1300Y(商品名)とを、56:44の質量割合で混合したものを用いた。混合樹脂として、日本化薬(株)製のビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂であるRE−303SLと、日本化薬(株)製のフェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂であるRE−306と、日本化薬(株)製のビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂であるRE−310Sと、日本化薬(株)製の液状エポキシ樹脂であるGANと、日本化薬(株)製の硬化剤であるカヤハードMCDと、2−(3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシランと、3−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシランと、味の素ファインテクノ(株)製の硬化促進剤であるアミキュアMY24とを混合したものを用意した。混合銅粉と混合樹脂を混合し、銅ペーストを調製した。混合樹脂におけるRE−303SLの割合は31%、RE−306の割合は15%、RE−310Sの割合は15%、GANの割合は6%、カヤハードMCDの割合は28%、2−(3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシランの割合は1%、3−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシランの割合は1%、アミキュアMY24の割合は3%であった。銅ペースト中の混合銅粉の割合は89%、混合樹脂の割合は11%であった。
実施例1の(2)と同様にして、接合構造を形成した。得られた接合構造における焼成体と支持体との接合界面付近のTEM像を撮影したところ、結晶方位が同方向である銅の結晶構造が、接合界面を跨ぐように形成されている相互拡散部位は観察されなかった。
比較例3は、銅粉を用いない接合構造の例である。
(1)はんだペーストの準備
市販のはんだペースト(組成:Sn63質量%−Pb37質量%、HONG KONG WELSOLO METAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LIMITED製)を用意した。
10mm角、厚さ0.5mmの無酸素銅(純度99.96%)からなる支持体に、厚さ50μmの樹脂フィルム版を用いたスクリーン印刷によって、直径0.8mm形状のはんだペーストを5箇所に塗布した。支持体の中央に、ダイとして、5mm角、厚さ1mmの無酸素銅(純度99.96%)を載置した。窒素雰囲気下、200℃で10分にわたり焼成を行い、接合構造を得た。
本実施例では、図3に示す構造のダイボンディング接合構造を製造した。
(1)銅粉及び銅ペーストの製造
実施例1においてイソプロパノールの使用量を39.24gとし、水の使用量を50gとした。これ以外は実施例1と同様にして銅粉を得た。この銅粉の平均粒径Dは0.24μm、BET比表面積(SSA)は3.17m2/g、DBETは0.21μm、D/DBETは1.2、C,P,Si,Ti及びZrの含有量の総和は0.04%、銅含有量は99.8%超、結晶子径は35nm、焼結開始温度は170℃であった。この銅粉と、三井金属鉱業(株)製の湿式合成銅粒子からなる銅粉であるCS−20(商品名)とを、56:44の質量割合で混合し、混合銅粉を得た。その後は実施例1と同様にして銅ペーストを調製した。
10mm角、厚さ0.5mmのニッケルからなる母材の表面に厚み1μmの金めっき層を形成した支持体を用いた。この支持体における金めっき層の表面に、厚み50μmの樹脂フィルム版を用いたスクリーン印刷によって、直径0.8mm形状の銅ペーストを5箇所に塗布した。支持体の中央に、ダイとして、5mm角、厚さ0.5mmのニッケル板を載置した。ダイの下面には、厚み1μmの金めっき層を形成しておいた。窒素雰囲気下、260℃で10分にわたり焼成を行い、目的とする接合構造を得た。得られた接合構造における焼結体と支持体との接合界面付近の深さ方向の元素分布を、エネルギー分散形X線分析装置を備える走査透過型電子顕微鏡(日本電子株式会社製)を用いて測定した。その結果を図5に示す。同図から明らかなとおり、支持体と焼結体との接合界面を跨ぐように、Cu3Auからなる部位及びAu及びCuからなる部位を含む相互拡散部位が形成されていることが判る。電子回折の結果から、相互拡散部位は、Cu3Auの合金と、CuにAuが固溶した固溶部位からなることが確認された。また、図5から、固溶部位では、焼結体側から支持体側に向けて銅の割合が漸減しており、且つ焼結体側から支持体側に向けて金が漸増していることが判る。固溶部位では、Cu1モルに対するAuのモル数は、0.01モル〜0.33モルの範囲であった。
(1)銅ペーストの製造
比較例1(1)と同様にして、銅ペーストを調製した。
実施例2の(2)と同様にして、接合構造を形成した。得られた接合構造は、ダイと焼結体と支持体の接合を維持するだけの機械強度を有しておらず、得られた接合構造の放熱性の評価及び接合構造における焼結体と支持体との接合界面付近の深さ方向の元素分布を測定することができなかった。
(1)銅ペーストの製造
比較例2の(1)と同様にして、銅ペーストを調製した。
実施例2の(2)と同様にして、接合構造を形成した。得られた接合構造における焼成体と支持体との接合界面付近の深さ方向の元素分布を、エネルギー分散形X線分析装置を備える走査透過型電子顕微鏡(日本電子株式会社製)を用いて測定したところ、支持体と焼成体との接合界面を跨ぐようなCu3Auからなる部位を含む相互拡散部位は観察されなかった。
(1)はんだペーストの準備
比較例3の(1)と同様にして、銅粉を用いないはんだペーストを用意した。
10mm角、厚さ0.5mmのニッケルからなる母材の表面に厚み1μmの金めっき層を形成した支持体を用いた。この支持体における金めっき層の表面に、厚さ50μmの樹脂フィルム版を用いたスクリーン印刷によって、直径0.8mm形状のはんだペーストを5箇所に塗布した。支持体の中央に、ダイとして、5mm角、厚さ0.5mmのニッケル板を載置した。ダイの下面には、厚み1μmの金めっき層を形成しておいた。窒素雰囲気下、200℃で10分にわたり焼成を行い、接合構造を得た。
実施例及び比較例で得られたダイボンディング接合構造について、その放熱性を以下の方法で評価した。図1に示す構造のダイボンディング接合構造に関する実施例及び比較例の結果を以下の表1に示す。図3に示す構造のダイボンディング接合構造に関する実施例及び比較例の結果を以下の表2に示す。
接合構造の支持体の裏面、すなわち、ダイを載置していない面に対してカーボンスプレーの塗布による黒化処理を施し、次いで、当該面に対し真空理工株式会社製の熱定数測定装置であるTC−7000を用いて3kVのパルスレーザー光を照射した後のダイの表面温度の時間変化を熱電対で測定した。測定結果から、温度上昇量ΔTの1/2だけ温度が上昇するのに要した時間t(1/2)を算出し、放熱性を評価する指標とした。ここでは試験
の便宜上、支持体から接合部位を介したダイ側への放熱性を評価したが、熱をかける方向は本発明の評価において本質的ではない。温度上昇量ΔTは、レーザー照射後の温度最大値とレーザー照射前の温度の差に相当する。t(1/2)が小さいほど、支持体の裏面に入射された熱が速やかにダイの表面へ伝達されていることを表しており、良好な放熱性を有することを示す。
本実施例では、図1に示す構造の、ニッケルからなるダイボンディング接合構造を製造した。
(1)ニッケルペーストの製造
ニッケル粉として三井金属鉱業社製NN−20を用いた。このニッケル粉の一次粒子の平均粒径Dは20nmであった。このニッケル粉85部、トリエタノールアミン(関東化学社製)15部を3本ロールミルにて混練しニッケルペーストを得た。
15mm角、厚さ0.1mmのニッケル板(純度99.98%)からなる支持体に、厚さ50μmのメタルマスクを用いたスクリーン印刷によって、10mm角形状のニッケルペーストを塗布した。支持体の中央に、ダイとして、10mm角、厚さ0.1mmのニッケル板(純度99.98%)を載置した。大気中、5℃/minで300℃まで昇温し、30分保持し、目的とする接合構造を得た。得られた接合構造における焼結体と支持体との接合界面付近のTEM像を図7に示す。同図から明らかなとおり、支持体と焼結体との接合界面を跨ぐように、支持体のニッケルと焼結体のニッケルとの相互拡散部位が形成されており、該相互拡散部位に、結晶方位が同方向であるニッケルの結晶構造が、接合界面を跨ぐように形成されていることが判った。
本実施例では、図1に示す構造の、銀からなるダイボンディング接合構造を製造した。
(1)銀ペーストの製造
銀粉として神岡鉱業株式会社製SPQ−05Sを用いた。この銀粉の結晶子径は21nm、平均粒径Dは1.05μm、比表面積は1.00m2/gであった。この銀粉99部と、エチルセルロース(日進化成株式会社製エトセルSTD100)1部と、テルピネオール17部(日本テルペン化学株式会社製)とを、3本ロールミルにて混練し銀ペーストを得た。
15mm角、厚さ0.1mmの銀板(純度99.98%)からなる支持体に、厚さ50μmのメタルマスクを用いたスクリーン印刷によって、10mm角形状の銀ペーストを塗布した。支持体の中央に、ダイとして、10mm角、厚さ0.1mmの銀板(純度99.98%)を載置した。大気中、5℃/minで300℃まで昇温し、30分保持し、目的とする接合構造を得た。得られた接合構造における焼結体と支持体との接合界面付近のTEM像を図8に示す。同図から明らかなとおり、支持体と焼結体との接合界面を跨ぐように、支持体の銀と焼結体の銀との相互拡散部位が形成されており、該相互拡散部位に、結晶方位が同方向である銀の結晶構造が、接合界面を跨ぐように形成されていることが判った。
10 半導体素子のダイ
20 支持体
30 接合部位
31 銅粒子
32 焼結体
40,43 接合界面
41,44 相互拡散部位
Claims (6)
- 発熱体としての半導体素子のダイと金属の支持体とを、銅粉の焼結体からなる接合部位を介して接合したボンディング接合構造であって、
前記支持体は、少なくともその最表面に銅が存在しており、
前記支持体と前記焼結体との接合界面を跨ぐように、該支持体の銅と該焼結体の銅との相互拡散部位が形成されており、
前記相互拡散部位に、結晶方位が同方向である銅の結晶構造が、前記接合界面を跨ぐように形成されている、ボンディング接合構造。 - 結晶方位が同方向である銅の前記結晶構造は、前記接合界面における横断長が10nm以上である請求項1に記載のボンディング接合構造。
- 発熱体としての半導体素子のダイと金属の支持体とを、銅粉の焼結体からなる接合部位を介して接合したボンディング接合構造であって、
前記支持体は、少なくともその最表面に金が存在しており、
前記支持体と前記焼結体との接合界面を跨ぐように、該支持体の金と該焼結体の銅との相互拡散部位が形成されており、
前記相互拡散部位がCu 3 Auを含む、ボンディング接合構造。 - 前記相互拡散部位が、Cu 3 Au、及び金と銅との固溶体を含む請求項3に記載のボンディング接合構造。
- 発熱体としての半導体素子のダイと金属の支持体とを、銅粉の焼結体からなる接合部位を介して接合したボンディング接合構造であって、
前記支持体は、少なくともその最表面に銅又は金が存在しており、
前記支持体と前記焼結体との接合界面を跨ぐように、該支持体の銅又は金と該焼結体の銅との相互拡散部位が形成されており、
前記ダイの下面に金の層が形成されており、
前記ダイと前記焼結体との接合界面を跨ぐように、金と該焼結体の銅との相互拡散部位が形成されており、
前記相互拡散部位がCu 3 Auを含む、ボンディング接合構造。 - 前記相互拡散部位が、Cu 3 Au、及び金と銅との固溶体を含む請求項5に記載のボンディング接合構造。
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WO2017022191A1 (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2017-02-09 | Namics Corporation | High performance, thermally conductive surface mount (die attach) adhesives |
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US20180269074A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
TWI739763B (zh) | 2021-09-21 |
EP3358610A4 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
KR20180059763A (ko) | 2018-06-05 |
JPWO2017057645A1 (ja) | 2018-07-26 |
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EP3358610A1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
TW201720552A (zh) | 2017-06-16 |
KR102588747B1 (ko) | 2023-10-13 |
CN108028206A (zh) | 2018-05-11 |
EP3758048A1 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
US10340154B2 (en) | 2019-07-02 |
EP3758048B1 (en) | 2022-11-09 |
EP3358610B1 (en) | 2021-09-15 |
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